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1
Raisio, Harri, Seija Ollila, and Pirkko Vartiainen. "Do youth juries enhance youth political and societal participation?" Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration 15, no. 3 (September 15, 2011): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.58235/sjpa.v15i3.16171.
Анотація:
The civic engagement of young people can be considered problematic in Finland. Still, the issue might be that youth actually are interested in politics and societal issues. They merely are not interested in the existing methods of political and societal participation. As a path forward the youth jury is tested in the Vaasa experiment. The underlying thought is that it would be something other than “politics as usual” and thus be more interesting to youth. So far only a few youth juries have been implemented and analyzed worldwide (e.g. Carson et. al. 2004; Iredale et. al. 2006). As a result Vaasa youth jury gives strong validity to the theoretical presumptions of youth juries. Participation into the youth jury was seen as a positive experience by many jurors. As a path forward on increasing youth involvement jurors underlined the possibilities of youth juries. Jurors also showed signs of positive attitudinal changes towards societal and political participation. However attitudinal change didn’t take place towards interest in positions of trusts. This can be seen as an indication that it is not that youth are passive and not interested, but that there are not possibilities to influence which would be stimulating enough for them.
2
Zuhro, R. Siti. "The Bureaucracy Neutrality in Indonesian Politics." BASKARA : Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/baskara.3.2.9-21.
Анотація:
The politicization of the Indonesian bureaucracy in election is attracting great attention since it’s resulted in declining quality of democracy in this country. Although political change since 1998 has given greater strength to societal forces vis-à-vis the state, the fact is that the legacy of patronage network still exists. The politicization of the bureaucracy through the weakening of political parties and maintaining bureaucratic authoritarianism under the New Order government (1966-1998) was an important stimulus for this study. With the downfall of Soeharto’s New Order regime, the authoritarian nature of the bureaucratic system was not only exposed but also changed. These changes have put paid to questions about the involvement of political parties and the influence of societal forces in the formation of policy. The bureaucracy can no longer exist as it was in the New Order, and, in fact, has responded to societal needs by adjusting to the new political climate. In this context, Indonesian politics under the reformation era takes on a wider significance for one of the main results has been the emergence of bureaucratic pluralism – a more pluralistic political system that is more open to the influence of these societal forces. This study was conducted using literature review to understand theories and empirical experiences about the neutrality of the bureaucracy in both national elections and regional elections. This study showed that after 75 years of independence, Indonesia must continue to struggle to build a bureaucracy that is professional (effective and efficient) and politically neutral.
3
Zuhro, R. Siti. "THE BUREAUCRACY NEUTRALITY IN INDONESIAN POLITICS." BASKARA : Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/baskara.3.2.55-67.
Анотація:
The politicization of the Indonesian bureaucracy in election is attracting great attention since it’s resulted in declining quality of democracy in this country. Although political change since 1998 has given greater strength to societal forces vis-à-vis the state, the fact is that the legacy of patronage network still exists. The politicization of the bureaucracy through the weakening of political parties and maintaining bureaucratic authoritarianism under the New Order government (1966-1998) was an important stimulus for this study. With the downfall of Soeharto’s New Order regime, the authoritarian nature of the bureaucratic system was not only exposed but also changed. These changes have put paid to questions about the involvement of political parties and the influence of societal forces in the formation of policy. The bureaucracy can no longer exist as it was in the New Order, and, in fact, has responded to societal needs by adjusting to the new political climate. In this context, Indonesian politics under the reformation era takes on a wider significance for one of the main results has been the emergence of bureaucratic pluralism – a more pluralistic political system that is more open to the influence of these societal forces. This study was conducted using literature review to understand theories and empirical experiences about the neutrality of the bureaucracy in both national elections and regional elections.
4
Vira, Annisa, Pulung Sumantri, and Abdul Azis. "Peranan Tokoh Intelektual Muda dalam Perkembangan Politik di Indonesia pada Era Digital." Polyscopia 1, no. 1 (January 26, 2024): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.57251/polyscopia.v1i1.1235.
Анотація:
Democracy's vitality in a nation hinges on the depth of political engagement, evident when the populace actively participates in events like presidential and regional elections. The level of political involvement serves as a pivotal gauge for a country's democratic progress, reflecting genuine concern for political development. This engagement, influenced by diverse societal groups, notably the youth, holds significance. Generation Z and Millennials, the key demographics, wield considerable influence, with Generation Z earning the moniker "the mobile generation" due to a 93.9 percent internet dependence. Meanwhile, Millennials, with an 88.4 percent reliance on the internet, grapple with career pursuits. In politics, the youth are coveted assets, pivotal in election contests for state leaders, regional heads, or representatives, given their distinct voices and impact on societal dynamics.
5
Puaschunder, Julia M. "The Role of Political Divestiture for Sustainable Development." Journal of Management and Sustainability 6, no. 1 (February 26, 2016): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v6n1p76.
Анотація:
<p>In the wake of historical and political events, stakeholder pressure can trigger shareholders to divest from politically incorrect markets with the goal of accomplishing socio-political change. While mainstream development research advocates for more private investor involvement in sustainable development to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)s in funding infrastructure, health, education and climate change mitigation; the following paper introduces political divestiture as an alternative means to implement sustainable development. While foreign investment can create positive conditions for improving societal development, also politically incorrect usage of funds or regulatory lacunae can do harm in the developing world. Political divestiture is portrayed as an innovative investment allocation to maximize positive development impacts of investment whilst minimizing associated risks of politically insecure markets. In an attempt to balance risk and access to capital, political divestiture is proposed as a means to implement sustainable development by removing funds from politically incorrect regimes in order to be channeled towards socially responsible and sustainable finance solutions. Future research outlooks on political divestiture as sustainable development driver comprise the antecedents and success factors as well as institutional and international frameworks to foster Financial Social Responsibility in the long-term international development domain.</p>
6
Dahl, Viktor, and Håkan Stattin. "Beyond the limits: involvement in illegal political activities." European Political Science Review 8, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773914000435.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study is to examine the adolescents who cross the boundaries of legality, also including illegal political means in their political action repertoire. The data comprised of questionnaire responses from middle and late adolescents in a Swedish city of around 130,000 citizens. Analyses of covariance, EXACON, and logistic regression were used to examine the extent to which adolescents including illegal political activities in their political activity repertoire compare with their legally oriented counterparts. Adolescents using illegal political activity reported higher levels of political interest and goal-orientation than adolescents involved solely in legal political activity. The major contrasts with legal political activism were that illegal political activism seemed to co-occur with (a) reluctance to accept authority, irrespective of the context (societal, school, or parental) and (b) approval of violent political means. In a simultaneous model, further analysis revealed that reluctance to accept authority reduced the predictive power of illegal political activities with regard to approval of political violence. This suggests that the tendencies to approve of political violence, among adolescents involved in illegal political activities, might be partially explained by challenges toward authority. To conclude, adolescents in illegal political activism seem to have similar resources for political engagement as their legally oriented counterparts. However, adolescents involved in illegal political activity seem more likely to let ends justify the means. Most likely, this position is related to authority challenges.
7
Nederhand, José, and Erik Hans Klijn. "Stakeholder Involvement in Public–Private Partnerships: Its Influence on the Innovative Character of Projects and on Project Performance." Administration & Society 51, no. 8 (December 27, 2016): 1200–1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399716684887.
Анотація:
This article examines to what degree citizens and societal stakeholders are involved in Public–Private Partnership (PPP) projects, what factors account for their involvement, and what the effects are on the performance and innovativeness of the projects. This research, based on a survey in 2014 consisting of 144 respondents involved in Dutch PPP projects, shows that although trustful relationships between actors enhance the inclusion of societal parties, the presence of a contract that allows for flexibility leads to more citizen involvement. Furthermore, we found that the involvement of stakeholders leads to more innovative projects but not necessarily to better performing projects.
8
Daniel, Christopher. "Political Science as Training for the Information Age." Political Science Teacher 3, no. 4 (1990): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s089608280000115x.
Анотація:
Computers inspire mixed emotions among political scientists. Love, hate, fascination, ennui, and frustration sometimes occur during the course of a single computer work session. Individuals come to terms with the beast in varying ways; obviously personal work style and level of computer dependency are each scholar's own business. However, expanded use of information technology in the disciplinary curriculum is a common concern deserving discussion. Like earlier debates between behavioralists and traditionalists, the current discussion raises questions about the discipline's central purpose. This essay reviews proposals to “computerize” political science curricula in light of contemporary theories about information and managerial work.Historically, political scientists' computer involvement has been limited, but it is now intensifying in response to educational, technological, and environmental influences. Political scientists have used computers as teaching tools since at least the early 1970s, when the APSA “SETUPs” began appearing, but as novelty items, diversions reflecting the devotion of idiosyncratic individuals. This publication has disseminated many such “experiments,” as have Social Science Computer Review and the National Collegiate Software Clearinghouse. Even as desktop machines began proliferating in the early 1980s, their use in the classroom was considered to be optional, something peripheral to the discipline which one could attempt if one had the inclination.This laissez-faire ambience may be ending in the face of societal transformations. In the classroom political scientists foster intellectual skills broadly useful to former students. A student may be an activist or an avid pre-lawyer, but his or her future professional development will be built on analytical, and communications skills honed in political science courses. This linkage between political science classrooms and the professional world could weaken if we do not adopt to societal change.
9
Yoshimatsu, Hidetaka. "Japan's Keidanren and Free Trade Agreements: Societal Interests and Trade Policy." Asian Survey 45, no. 2 (March 2005): 258–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2005.45.2.258.
Анотація:
This article examines how societal actors' preferences and activities impinge on the evolution of a state's regional economic agreements in light of Keidanren's involvement in Japan's free trade agreements with Singapore, Mexico, and South Korea. The business federation has promoted the agreements by playing the role of a pressure group and information provider.
10
Auškalnienė, Lina. "Dalyvavimas internete: politiškai aktyvus jaunimas ir jo komunikacija socialinėse medijose." Informacijos mokslai 59 (January 1, 2012): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2012.0.3110.
Анотація:
Informacijos ir komunikacijos technologijų plėtra yra viena pagrindinių charakteristikų, apibūdinančių socialinius, kultūrinius, ekonominius XXI a. demokratijos procesus. Fundamentalūs kaitos procesai veikia ir politikos komunikacijos sritį – neišvengiama pokyčių, įsitraukia nauji veikėjai, naudojami nauji įrankiai, kinta komunikacijos įpročiai. Šio straipsnio tikslas – apžvelgti literatūrą, kurioje nagrinėjami iššūkiai bei galimybės, siejamos su piliečių įsitraukimo bei politinio dalyvavimo praktikomis socialiniais tinklais ir ryšiais grindžiamoje virtualiojoje erdvėje. Straipsnyje taip pat pristatomas bandomasis tyrimas, analizuojantis politiškai aktyvių jaunų žmonių demokratinio įsitraukimo praktikas socialinėse medijose. Keliami klausimai aktualūs ir ateities tyrimams bei diskusijoms: ar socialinės medijos galėtų tapti patraukliu kanalu, prisidedančiu aktyvinant jaunų auditorijų politinio bei pilietinio dalyvavimo praktikas?Assessing participation online: Youth and Their Involvement in Social MediaLina Auškalnienė SummaryThe role of political participation and civic engagement as the backbones of modern deliberative democracy is challenged by new opportunities for involvement online. Fundamental societal transformations, facilitated by new technologies, are changing the way we interact, communicate, produce and exchange knowledge. By nature being a bottom-up experiment, social media are more and more involved into the everyday communication practice and become one of the major political communication channels.The purpose of this paper is to review the literature analysing the democratic citizens’ engagement and political participation in the era of the Internet, particularly focusing on the involvement of young people in the decision-making process. Moreover, a pilot case study is presented, reflecting the practices of politically active young individuals in the online communicative space. The data available are analysed to shed some light on the debate and to focus attention on several aspects of youth participation. Looking further, the questions are raised: is the Internet an attractive channel to enhance political interest and discussion among the youngsters? What impact may online communication practice via social media have on civic and political participation of young people offline?Key words: social media, political participation, democratic engagement, political communication, Internet, youth
11
Chryssochoou, Xenia, and Martyn Barrett. "Civic and Political Engagement in Youth." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 225, no. 4 (December 2017): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000315.
Анотація:
Abstract. This paper reviews the research that has been conducted into youth civic and political engagement since 2010. We begin by noting the claim that youth are not sufficiently engaged either civically or politically. We argue that this claim is probably incorrect: rather than using conventional forms of political participation, youth today are often engaged through nonconventional and civic means instead. We also indicate at the outset some important cautions about the interpretation of research findings in this field, in particular the need to consider the kinds of political issues with which youth are involved, the moments in time at which they are involved, and the societal contexts in which their involvement occurs. We argue that these specificities mean that it might be difficult or even impossible to construct a unified model or comprehensive understanding of youth civic and political engagement. The review then considers recent research findings on the role of micro-, meso-, and macro-level factors in influencing youth engagement. Micro-level factors include political interest, efficacy, ideologies, values, and identity; meso-level factors include the family, school, peers, and the neighborhood; while macro-level factors include political-cultural, economic, legal, and institutional factors. We also review recent findings on the role of young people’s demographic positioning, the effects that social media might be playing in transforming youth engagement, and how political parties can actively mobilize youth. We conclude that young people are far from being apathetic and uninterested in politics, but that they need to find ways to be involved that are meaningful to them. We also indicate some possible future lines of research that could be profitably pursued.
12
Farid, Sumera, Raza Ullah Shah, and Sajjad Hussan. "Understanding Women's Political Motivations in KP: Unveiling the Driving Forces." Global Social Sciences Review VIII, no. I (March 30, 2023): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(viii-i).40.
Анотація:
This study examines the reasons why women get involved in politics, concentrating on the National Assembly and provincial assembly members of Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region. The relevance of family connections, which facilitate women's entry into politics, is revealed via thematic analysis of interview data. Important motivators include persistence, character traits, inspirational leaders, alluring party platforms, and a need for accountability. Women can participate in politics if they are financially independent and have free time. The study expands on earlier research by illuminating the intricate interplay of institutional, cultural, and individual factors influencing women's political involvement. It places a focus on the necessity of addressing gender-related barriers and encouraging educational reforms to provide women with more leadership abilities. For societal change and democratic governance, political decision-making needs to be more gender diverse. The results provide useful information for political parties and authorities looking to create a welcoming environment for women in politics.
13
Bosi, Lorenzo, and Donatella Della Porta. "A multi-level approach. How and when Italy has disengaged from left-wing political violence." Tiempo devorado 3, no. 1 (March 21, 2016): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/tdevorado.53.
Анотація:
This article investigates how and when left-wing armed groups disengaged from political violence in the Italian case. Analytically, bridging recent trends in social movement studies with those in political violence, it grounds its understanding of the how and when political violence ends in the dynamic relational interplay between socio-political context, organisation dynamics, and individual motivations. Empirically it does not challenge previous readings on the Italian case, but aims to suggest how and why some particular legislative measures worked in the way they have been designed to do from the state including a focus on internal organizational dynamics and societal changes, as well as on political actors responses. This article suggests that there is no single best solutions in order to reduce political violence, as state anti-terrorist policies can have different effects in different social context and different armed groups. Furthermore, the attempts to reduce violence require the involvement of non-state actors as well.
14
Ogbonnaya, Esther Abosede. "Empirical Studies in Communication for Development in Nigeria: The Global View." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XI, no. III (2024): 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2024.1103017.
Анотація:
Purpose: Communication is a vital catalyst for development, especially amidst global societal changes specifically in Nigeria. Engaging individuals actively becomes crucial for societal advancement, necessitating their awareness, involvement, and capacity-building for effective development programs. Establishing robust communication channels between the populace and the government is imperative. This paper examines empirical studies on communication for development within Nigeria and globally, emphasizing its pivotal role in progress and its impact on Nigeria’s socio-economic growth. It explores global perspectives on communication’s inherent advantages in fostering development and highlights challenges hindering the government’s use of communication for national development. Additionally, it analyzes communication for development’s influence on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), exploring communication tools used and barriers to their optimal achievement within set time frames. Design/Methodology & Approach: Using comprehensive contextual analysis, this study rigorously reviews publications, textbooks, and pertinent online resources. Findings: Communication significantly contributes to MDGs but faces persistent challenges such as insurgencies, insecurity, literacy gaps, ethnic diversity, and inadequate political will. Addressing these hurdles is crucial for maximizing communication’s developmental benefits. Implications: Neglecting these challenges and failing to fully embrace communication for development in Nigeria will impede anticipated national progress. Originality/Value: This paper underscores communication’s critical role in Nigeria and global development, essential for rapid societal advancement. Paper Type: Conceptual research.
15
Ow, Rosaleen. "Social work in a multicultural context." International Social Work 42, no. 1 (January 1999): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087289904200102.
Анотація:
Social work practice and education are a reflection of the historical, social, economic and political context of the society the profession seeks to serve. This paper is a discussion of recent developments in multicultural Singapore in social service provisions for the elderly, the family and those with very low income, and the involvement of the social work discipline. The emphasis is on the fine balance in providing services which meet broad societal objectives and also reflect sensitivity to the cultural and social differences and needs of various subgroups.
16
Jones, Sidney. "The Elders: A New Generation." Ageing and Society 6, no. 3 (September 1986): 313–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00005985.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTDrawing upon evidence from Britain, this paper advances the proposition that new generations of older people are experiencing a healthier, materially better off and more satisfying old age. It is argued that both popular and scientific images of later life are out-dated and unduly negative. In advancing this analysis, attention is given to key areas of personal experience and social life: education, leisure and holidays, retirement, voluntary activity, spirituality, economic status, health and political involvement. A re-construction of the societal position of older people is indicated.
17
Lijphart, Arend, and Markus M. L. Crepaz. "Corporatism and Consensus Democracy in Eighteen Countries: Conceptual and Empirical Linkages." British Journal of Political Science 21, no. 2 (April 1991): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400006128.
Анотація:
This research Note has two complementary theoretical objectives. First, we shall attempt to place the form of interest representation and the involvement of interest groups in policy formation known as corporatism – or as democratic, societal, liberal or neo-corporatism – in a broader political context: is corporatism systematically linked with other democratic institutions and processes? Secondly, we shall try to fill a gap in the theory of consensus democracy. This theory holds that types of party, electoral, executive and legislative systems occur in distinct clusters, but it fails to link interest group systems to these clusters.
18
Sandri, Giulia, and Felix-Christopher Von Nostitz. "Party guests or party crashers? Non-members’ political engagement across party organizations." Quaderni dell Osservatorio elettorale QOE - IJES 83, no. 2 (January 23, 2021): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/qoe-9712.
Анотація:
Over the past decade, many parties have created new possibilities for affiliating and involving citizens, often rivalling the classic conception of party membership. So far, the existing literature has mainly focused on classifying these new and different types of affiliates. However, little attention has been paid to what these “non-full-membership” options imply in terms of formal rights and obligations. We explore here the opportunities that parties offer to non-members to participate and get involved in intra-party activities and we contrast them with the rights and obligations of full, fee-paying, traditional members. This article addresses this gap based on an original database consisting of membership rules in 68 parties in 13 established democracies. We not only map the current landscape of rules managing the involvement of non-members within parties, but also explore potential factors- party family and size- explaining the variation across parties. We find a strong association between party family and the range of possibilities for non-members’ involvement with parties on the left and environmental parties providing more space for the participation of non-members. We also find that smaller parties tend to involve more non-full-members by allocating more rights to them. Our findings and new database provide a first step for future research to study the regulation of the involvement of non-members in intra-party activities, what determines it, and how it affects the traditional concept of party membership and societal linkage.
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Mukhametov, Ruslan. "Why Do Citizens Trust the Government? The Origins of Political Trust in Modern Russia." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 22, no. 3 (2023): 196–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2023-3-196-218.
Анотація:
Political trust is central to the study of political regimes. The level of public support for a government or party is one of the most important indicators of political legitimacy and stability. The article examines the quantitative indicators of the influence of socio-psychological, civic, institutional, and informational factors on political trust. The purpose of the study was to understand the factors influencing trust in the Russian government. The analysis was based on data from the sociological survey of the 7th wave of the World Values Survey (2017-2022). Using the Russian data set, the authors assessed the impact of interpersonal and general trust, involvement in non-profit and non-governmental organizations, citizens’ perceptions of their financial situation, security and corruption, and watching TV news on trust in government institutions. This study shows that high levels of interpersonal and societal trust have a positive impact on political trust. This study proposes and confirms the hypothesis that watching political television programs improves trust in the government. The article complements existing empirical studies on institutional trust and adapts well-known theories explaining the origin of trust to the Russian political context.
20
Beke, Wouter. "Inspraak of Samenspraak ? : Voorwaarden tot, kenmerken en gevolgen van een breuklijnoverstijgende catch-all partij." Res Publica 45, no. 1 (March 31, 2003): 95–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v45i1.18428.
Анотація:
Political parties are at the centre of democratic and parliamentary systems. The current classic political parties are expressions of societal cleavages of the nineteenth and twentieth century. After the Second World War, those parties look for new strategies to assure important parts of the electorate. One of the strategies is to integrate the existent cleavages into the party itself. But this kind of integration is not without ideological and organisational consequences. These cleavages manifest themselves within the party as subgroups and have to respect some overarching loyalties. As far as the internal decision making process is concerned, they have some consequences as well. Rules of pacification have to be respected when the integration of cleavages has to be recognizable and successful. The disadvantage of these rules of pacification is the absence of a formal active involvement of the party on the ground. At the same time, the presence of subgroups can lead to realdemocratic involvement and even discourage oligarchie tendencies.
21
Liutkevičius, Eugenijus. "Ukrainos baptistų judėjimo transformacijos visuomenės pokyčių ir lūžių akivaizdoje." Lietuvos etnologija / Lithuanian ethnology 21 (30) 2021 (December 31, 2021): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/25386522-2130003.
Анотація:
Transformations of the Ukrainian Baptist Movement in the Face of Societal Changes and Upheav als This article focuses on the development of the Ukrainian Baptist movement after the dissolution of the USSR. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, it marks and examines two reasons for the rapid transformation of the Baptist movement, namely the uneasy political situation and the involvement of local evangelicals in the social services. The article investigates the specificity of the context of the post-Soviet Baptist movement in Ukraine: how a particular conservative tradition subsequently comes under increasing pressure from open-style Baptists. Key words: Baptists, Ukraine, the Bible, transformation, tradition.
22
Polishchuk, L. "Institutional Outsourcing." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 20, 2013): 40–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2013-9-40-65.
Анотація:
Since the inception of market reforms until the present day Russian institutions have been shaped primarily by economic and political elites, with minimal involvement of the rest of the society in this process. Outcomes of such “institutional outsourcing” for the society depend on the affinity between elites’ preferences and societal needs. Low quality of Russian institutions is explained in the paper by a substantial conflict of interests between the society and unaccountable elites. Prospects of Russian modernization are thus contingent on the accumulation of civic culture and more effective representation of the society in the process of institutional change.
23
Gengler, Justin, Mark Tessler, Darwish Al-Emadi, and Abdoulaye Diop. "Civic Life and Democratic Citizenship in Qatar Findings from the First Qatar World Values Survey." Middle East Law and Governance 5, no. 3 (2013): 258–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763375-00503001.
Анотація:
The present study examines the Arab nation that has remained least affected by the regional upheaval that has gripped much of the Middle East and North Africa since the beginning of 2011: the Gulf state of Qatar. Using previously unavailable data from the inaugural Qatar World Values Survey administered in December 2010, we explore the political orientations of ordinary Qatari citizens. Specifically, we extend several recent empirical analyses that suggest a conditional relationship between civic participation and democratic political orientations in Arab and other non-Western societies. As in other non-democratic contexts, we find, in Qatar citizen involvement in societal organizations is not associated with higher appreciation for democracy, nor again with those values and behaviors thought to be essential to it. Rather, associational life in Qatar is simply an extension of traditional society and the prevailing regime, with those most involved being those who derive the most benefit and who would thus stand to lose most from any revision of the political status quo.
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Yang, Xue, Rui She, Mason MC Lau, and Joseph TF Lau. "Anticipated socio-political developments and related personal responses as structural determinants of mental health problems: A population-based study." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 66, no. 1 (October 14, 2019): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764019879948.
Анотація:
Background: Socio-political circumstances, including security, poverty, national wealth, income inequality, social integration and political conflicts, determine population health. Anticipated socio-political developments refer to the perceived improvement/deterioration in these circumstances in the future year. Aims: This study tested relationships between this anticipation and population mental health (probable depression/depressive symptoms and life satisfaction) and the mediation roles of negative personal responses toward socio-political situations (frustration, emotional disturbance, self-efficacy in political involvement, perceived sense of security, and satisfaction about societal ability in fulfilling individuals’ needs) in explaining these relationships. Method: The telephone survey randomly interviewed 420 (59.5% female) adults in Hong Kong. Questionnaire included scales assessing the aforementioned variables. Results: Most participants (71.7%) had pessimistic anticipations over socio-political developments; 11.3% of the participants were classified as having probable depression. Anticipated deterioration in socio-political developments was significantly associated with depressive symptoms and life satisfaction; emotional disturbance, sense of security and need satisfaction were partial mediators of these relationships. Need satisfaction and sense of security showed the strongest mediation effects both for mediations that involved depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Conclusion: Both politicians’ awareness and mental health promotion are required to alleviate the negative impact of negative socio-political perception on mental health.
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Wanders, Frank H. K., Ineke van der Veen, Anne Bert Dijkstra, and Ralf Maslowski. "The influence of teacher-student and student-student relationships on societal involvement in Dutch primary and secondary schools." Theory & Research in Social Education 48, no. 1 (September 4, 2019): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2019.1651682.
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Chow, Christie Chui-Shan, and Joseph Tse-Hei Lee. "Almost Democratic." Exchange 45, no. 3 (August 17, 2016): 252–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341402.
Анотація:
The Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong (2014) read like a living tale of David and Goliath. Peaceful demonstrators held flimsy umbrellas to defend themselves against tear gas, pepper spray, and police batons. While many observers applauded the spontaneity of the citywide protests, little attention has been paid to the involvement of the Christian church in the prodemocracy struggle. This article draws on field observations and media reports to examine the various societal networks, resources, and mechanisms that Christian and non-Christian actors employed for grassroots mobilization. The crux of discussion is the political and theological polarization of the church, as the Umbrella protest revealed a qualitative shift in the attitude of local Catholics and Protestants toward political awakening and civic engagement. Such findings throw light on the intersection of faith and politics in Hong Kong’s continuous struggle for democratic governance.
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Jamal Elatrash, Radwan, Sri Tuti Rahmawati, and Ziyad Alhaq. "Women Empowerment from Quranic perspective." AL-BURHĀN: JOURNAL OF QURʾĀN AND SUNNAH STUDIES 7, no. 2 (December 10, 2023): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/alburhn.v7i2.291.
Анотація:
Despite the teachings of Islam that advocate for women's rights and empowerment, a substantial disparity persists between the ideal principles and the actual conditions in numerous Muslim communities. Women in many Muslim-majority nations encounter diverse challenges hindering their empowerment and complete societal involvement. Key factors contributing to the predicament of women's empowerment in Islam encompass patriarchal attitudes and cultural norms that confine women's roles and opportunities, as well as limited access to education and training, restricting their active participation in economic and political spheres. Present-day concerns include workplace discrimination and bias against women, encompassing unequal pay and limited advancement opportunities. Additionally, insufficient access to healthcare, education, societal engagement, and reproductive rights adversely affect women's health and well-being. Gender-based violence and harassment, encompassing domestic violence, sexual assault, and trafficking, exacerbate these challenges. Legal inadequacies in protecting and enforcing women's rights regarding marriage, divorce, inheritance, and property ownership further compound the issue. Misinterpretation and misapplication of religious teachings contribute to harmful practices such as forced marriage and female genital mutilation. Addressing these challenges necessitates targeted interventions and policy changes to dismantle significant barriers to women's empowerment in Muslim communities. The researcher employed an inductive approach, tracing research components from exegetical, hadith, and jurisprudential books to derive general rulings. Subsequently, an analytical method was utilized to categorize and discuss scientific material, yielding specific rulings about the subject. The research reached certain significant results, emphasizing the promotion of women's rights, equality, and comprehensive societal participation to foster just and equitable societies. A focus on women's rights to education, societal engagement, economic independence, fair treatment in marriage, and protection from violence and discrimination is crucial. Quranic teachings offer valuable guidance for Muslims to contribute to women's empowerment in their societies actively.
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Limaj, Elona. "Female political discourse in the Albanian parliament in democracy and communism." Theoria et Historia Scientiarum 20 (June 26, 2024): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/ths.2023.008.
Анотація:
This study delves into the transformation of women’s political discourse in Albania amidst significant political and technological shifts in recent decades. Its objective is to systematize the understanding of women’s political discourse within the Albanian parliament, examining its evolution across various historical-political periods and the influence of modern information processes in democratic Albania. Utilizing theoretical methodologies, the research scrutinizes political discourse as a dynamic facet of political communication, with a particular focus on its gender dimensions and its impact on political engagement. The analysis spans several eras: the communist regime, the initial formation of democracy, and the current democratic consolidation phase. It employs a comparative approach to highlight distinct and common features of women’s political discourse across these periods. The study identifies contemporary challenges in female political communication within the Albanian parliament and proposes strategies for their improvement, emphasizing the need to enhance the role of women in Albania’s socio-political sphere. Key lexemes indicative of different historical and political contexts are analyzed to understand the influence of regime shifts on political discourse. The study differentiates between the concepts of political discourse and political communication, offering nuanced insights into these areas. This material reveals the intersection of political, social, and cultural changes in Albania as seen through women’s political discourse. It demonstrates how shifts in political regimes and societal norms have redefined political communication, particularly for women, highlighting their growing involvement and impact in Albania’s political arena. The conclusions provide a comprehensive view of Albania’s evolving socio-political landscape, underlining the increasing significance of women in shaping the nation’s future.
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Tresnani, Vivi Frita, and Muhammad Dhafa Krisna Adhitya. "OPTIMALISASI KETERLIBATAN PEMUDA SEBAGAI GENERASI PERUBAHAN DALAM SISTEM DEMOKRASI MELALUI PEMILIHAN UMUM 2024." YUSTISIA MERDEKA : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 9, no. 2 (December 14, 2023): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33319/yume.v9i2.238.
Анотація:
The younger generation is a generation of change that must continue to fight and be able to manage the transition process of democracy towards a better direction, especially by overseeing the implementation of a just political process. The involvement of the younger generation is a crucial aspect in the sustainability of democracy. This research aims to understand the influence of the younger generation on the organization of the 2024 general election as a form of democracy and the role of the younger generation as agents of change in monitoring the 2024 general election. The research method uses a normative research approach, focusing on written laws or regulations and societal norms. Legal source materials include primary legal materials such as legislation, jurisprudence, court decisions, and official state documents, as well as secondary legal materials such as legal books and legal journals that contain fundamental principles. The research results indicate that the involvement and role of young people as change agents in a 2024 election within a democratic system need to be optimized from various aspects, including political participation, monitoring to prevent political corruption, advocacy and representation, voter education and socialization, technological literacy and social media, and as safeguards against election fraud, which would lead to a much better democracy.
30
Ongaro, Edoardo, Ting Gong, and Yijia Jing. "Toward Multi-Level Governance in China? Coping with complex public affairs across jurisdictions and organizations." Public Policy and Administration 34, no. 2 (September 27, 2018): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952076718799397.
Анотація:
This special issue argues for the applicability of the conceptual framework of Multi-Level Governance to the political–administrative regime of China, provided significant adaptations and qualifications are developed. The application of Multi-Level Governance to China enables to account for global influences as well as for the involvement of non-governmental actors in public policy making. More radically, we suggest in this introductory article that the development of Multi-Level Governance may be interpreted as a way of enhancing the societal legitimacy of the political regime under the conditions of new authoritarianism. We conclude this article by drawing a fascinating yet possibly hazardous and overstretched parallel; that is, the development of Multi-Level Governance may be part and parcel of a process of building political legitimacy in China, just as it may be a way of exploring paths for the renewal of beleaguered traditional liberal democracy in Europe. Albeit along profoundly different trajectories, China and Europe might adopt Multi-Level Governance arrangements for a very purposive course of action: enhancing the legitimacy of the respective and very diverse political systems and buttressing their very foundations. This suggests a strongly normative and purposive application of Multi-Level Governance.
31
Kanellopoulos, Anastasios-Nikolaos. "Comprehensive Examination of Hamas." Security science journal 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 116–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37458/ssj.4.2.6.
Анотація:
Hamas, a Palestinian terrorist organization with significant global implications, holds a substantial political, military and societal presence in the Levant region. This research offers a comprehensive analysis of Hamas, delving into its historical evolution, ideological foundations and operational tactics, providing an intricate understanding of its role within the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It traces Hamas's trajectory from its origins as a religious and social movement to its current status as a terrorist organization with a political dimension. Furthermore, this study dissects the organization's objectives and strategies, shedding light on its territorial aspirations, relationships with Israel, and other Palestinian factions and its position on the international stage.A pivotal focus of this analysis centers on the profiling of Hamas members, encompassing their diverse regional, socioeconomic, educational and cultural backgrounds. This emphasis highlights the nuanced factors driving their affiliation with the organization. Empirical research findings underscore the intricate motivations behind Hamas membership, encompassing religious fervor, socio-political discontent and external influences as pivotal factors. Additionally, the study explores the roles and activities of Hamas members, including their involvement in leadership, military operations, political engagement and social functions, each contributing to the multi-faceted nature of the organization.
32
Vikalista, Ellisa, Hardi Warsono, Rina Martini, and Dewi Erowati. "Enhancing The Institutional Capacity of Political Parties to Achieve Affirmative Action in South Kalimantan." Jurnal HAM 14, no. 3 (December 29, 2023): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/ham.2023.14.235-250.
Анотація:
Affirmative action is a program that promotes equal and equitable representation for the involvement and inclusion of women in politics and governance, based on the recognition that women’s rights are part of broader human rights. This study's objective is to thoroughly examine the practical use of affirmative action in national and regional political spheres, with a particular emphasis on Southern Kalimantan, which exhibits both patriarchal cultural idiosyncrasies and societal openness. Moreover, the study examines whether providing focused political education to female cadres within the established political party structure can increase women’s representation. This study selects samples from five branches of the DPD/DPW of prominent political parties identified as the top five vote-getters in the 2019 elections in South Kalimantan. The use of institutional theory is encompassed within the analytical approach. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative methodology, the process of selecting study participants involves purposive sampling, which includes primary and secondary data sources. The results of this study significantly contribute to the support and validation of affirmative action policies and improve access to women's representation by emphasizing the importance of institutional aspects inside political parties. Promoting political education for women cadres directly fulfills fundamental elements of women’s political and human rights. This effort requires the courage and generosity of political parties to advocate for special political education to be included in the party’s constitution as a formal legal basis and a long-term commitment to upholding affirmative action as a social obligation of political parties.
33
Kuylenstierna, Johan, and Johan Rockström. "Summary and Conclusions from the SIWI Young Professionals Workshop Hydrosolidarity intergenerational challenges: long-term commitment for long-term issues." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 4 (February 1, 2001): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0221.
Анотація:
The year 2000 Young Professionals Seminar focused on long-term intergenerational challenges. Water related problems are symptoms of complex and ultimately societal problems linked to human behaviour, political support and managerial and institutional structures. Although integrated water resources management is presented as a solution, it is not always well understood, and can create a sense of hopelessness among professionals. To make it operational requires long-term commitments among various professionals and the involvement of new actors. A number of key topics crystallised as needing further attention, including ethical dimensions in policy making, the development of a framework for a 'Future Generation Impact Assessment' (FGIA), and efforts to achieve true dialogue among stakeholders. Young water professionals must become more involved in political processes and take active part in institutional changes. Such engagement will require changes in the working environment facing many young professionals that causes frustration due to inefficient and conservative hierarchical structures and the lack of transparency
34
Carrera, Leandro N., and Marina Angelaki. "Bringing Back the State: Understanding Varieties of Pension Re-reforms in Latin America." Latin American Politics and Society 63, no. 4 (November 2021): 22–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lap.2021.36.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTPension policy is a highly political issue across Latin America. Since the mid-2000s, several countries have re-reformed their pension systems with a general trend toward more state involvement, yet with significant variation. This article contends that policy legacies and the institutional political setting are key to understanding such variation. Analyzing the cases of Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile, this article shows that where a weak legacy, characterized by low coverage and savings rates, a weakly organized pension industry, and strong societal groups that oppose the private system, combines with a strong institutional setting, characterized by a government with large support in Congress and where the president concentrates decisionmaking, re-reform outcomes may lead to the outright elimination of the private pillar. Conversely, where a strong legacy combines with a weak institutional setting, re-reform outcomes will tend to maintain the private pillar and expand only the role of the public one.
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Cebotari, Svetlana. "THE ACTIVIY OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN COVID-19 CRISIS MANAGEMENT." Administrarea Publica, no. 2 (110) (July 2021): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52327/1813-8489.2021.2(110).09.
Анотація:
One of the most discussed issues in academia, but also in the discourse of polemologists, political scientists, economists and specialists in other fields is the issue regarding the impact of the COVID-19 virus on international security. Although all the attention of the international community has been focused on the emergence of the COVID-19 virus and its impact on the individual, societal, human and interpersonal relationships, it is worth paying attention to the involvement of international organizations in managing the COVID-19 crisis. This article aims to highlight the role and involvement of international organizations in managing the COVID-19 crisis. The involvement of the United Nations, specifically of the UN Security Council, in the management of issues related to the COVID-19 crisis will be examined. The activity of the World Health Organization, the European Union, the North Atlantic Alliance in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic will also be examined.
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van der Leeuw, Sander. "Closing remarks: novel approaches to complex societal change and sustainability." Sustainability Science 13, no. 6 (May 29, 2018): 1589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-018-0581-2.
Анотація:
Abstract This paper summarizes some personal impressions of the 7th conference of the International Complex Systems Society, co-organized with “Future Earth”, held in Stockholm on August 24–26, 2017. The main point is that it is urgent and important to consider the sustainability conundrum as long-term, society-driven one, and to place societal dynamics at the core of how we, as a global society, came to this point, how ongoing dynamics are driving us towards a tipping point, and which role the Information and Communication Technology revolution plays in that process. A much wider involvement of the social sciences is essential. This also requires major changes in our thinking about sustainability—we need to develop an approach in which change is the natural state of affairs and societies attempt to impose stability on the dynamics involved. We need to focus on learning from the past, about the present, but above all for the future. And we need to shift from an entity-focused approach to a relational one, which pays more attention to contexts and networks. Other issues raised by such a shift in our thinking are about the role of science, the adoption of complex systems approaches and a few others that the paper points to.
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Puşcaşu, Greta-Marilena. "Radioactive waste management: Societal challenges in the era of green nuclear energy." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 16, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 1205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2022-0111.
Анотація:
Abstract Recently, there have been international debates over the idea of labeling nuclear power plants as a green investment. To be considered sustainable, to get a green investment label and to contribute to green growth, nuclear energy should be based on clear plans regarding safe disposal of radioactive waste. Final disposal of radioactive waste is witness to many disputes, one of the most important being that of public acceptance. Society represents a critical and a decisive stage in the process of radioactive waste management. Management and disposal process of radioactive waste requires community confidence and acceptance. The socio-political context must be addressed continuously through stakeholder commitment and public concerns. The final stage of radioactive waste management is especially characterized by population involvement, stakeholder availability, and mutual dialog. The objective of this study is based on finding the relationship between the location of a radioactive waste disposal facility (RWDF) and the perception of the population regarding various aspects related to nuclear energy and radioactive waste. A series of questions in the form of a questionnaire were used for data collection. A total of 200 valid questionnaires were used for this analysis. The study was focused on the Romanian population following a homogenous distribution throughout the country. Therefore, to better understand the issue, the paper investigates the correlation between the location of a radioactive waste disposal facility and a variety of factors, such as: attitude, perceived benefits, perceived risks, overall knowledge and perceived costs. Spearman rank correlation was used for data analysis. Bringing together theoretical information about nuclear energy and radioactive waste and the empirical data collected at the national level, this research study showed that the acceptance of a radioactive waste disposal facility is much stronger if the population is in favor of nuclear energy. As well, perceived risks create major concerns throughout the population and influence the location of a radioactive waste disposal facility. Cost aspects are controversial and create disagreements in relation with radioactive waste management options. That being said, this study brings value to the nuclear field by emphasizing the important societal factors which influence the location of a radioactive waste disposal facility in the green energy era.
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Waldman, Linda. "Christian Souls and Griqua Boorlings: Religious and Political Identity in Griquatown." Itinerario 27, no. 3-4 (November 2003): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300020830.
Анотація:
The politics of coloured people in twentieth-century South Africa have generally been characterised as marginal from mainstream South African events. Correspondingly, attempts to initiate political developments along cultural or ethnic lines - emphasising Mama or Griqua identity, for example - have been noted primarily for their divisive and factional composition. Such writings focus on overt political action. They highlight either leaders’ involvement with, or opposition to, state structures; or the internal, often petty and frustrated conflicts between leaders, but fail to explain the marginalisation of coloured politics. But this emphasis on ‘the political’ removes from our gaze other, more productive avenues for understanding the identity of mixed-race people in South Africa. Political activity, for the Griqua, cannot be evaluated except through the lens of Christianity. Since religion promises to fulfil people's ambitions through redemption in the afterlife, Griqua-Christian ideas about overt political quests and active campaigning against discrimination - on either an individual or societal level - tended to be deemed unnecessary. As it was God who ultimately meted out punishments or rewards, Griqua people's energies were better used worshipping him. Nonetheless, these same Griqua people lived in the profane world in which - at least during the apartheid era - they were officially classified as ‘coloured’. Their struggles, based primarily on the need for official ethnic recognition as Griqua, were, in effect, political struggles. This partly Griqua, partly coloured identity enabled them considerable political flexibility and produced the complex social patterns explored below. A further distinction underpinning the Griqua-coloured ambiguity was that between inkommers (newcomers) and boorlings (people born to Griqua-town).
39
Ferdous, Jannatul, and Md Nahidul Islam. "Women in Urban Local Government in Bangladesh: A Study on Narayanganj City Corporation." Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy 2, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.46507/jcgpp.v2i2.36.
Анотація:
Women's equal participation in politics is critical to women's advancement. This determination, however, is not to be made uniformly across the globe. Yet, in contemporary periods, it has witnessed a significant shift in women's political participation globally. The purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of women's overall participation, their socioeconomic status, and their valuable role in urban policy formulation and implementation in Bangladesh. In this analysis, primary and secondary data are integrated. Primary sources are referenced to substantiate theories and arguments asserted in the secondary literature, which are based on the case study of Narayanganj City Corporation. It is completed with the assistance of theories and contentions gleaned from secondary sources. Additionally, this study concludes with an examination of Bangladeshi women's position in the decision-making process. Another pressing need is to broaden the participation of women in political culture at the grassroots level. In urban areas, the City Corporation must interact with various government, autonomous, and semi-autonomous bodies. The situation of female ward councillors has deteriorated to the point where there is some ambiguity. Women's involvement in politics has been limited by a decline in financial capital and family support. Women can appeal to low-level politics thanks to a patriarchal viewpoint. In Bangladesh, women continue to struggle for equal rights and face political challenges. Societal norms enforce gender stereotypes. Religious restrictions are the most severe concern among Bangladesh's status issues, which have a complicated structure. Women are not politically socialized enough to participate in the political life of their country. The City Corporation's institutional rules and responsibilities are of little concern to women, and the existing regulations are insufficient. Therefore, the paper can reveal the actual scenario of women's representation and obstacles in the urban level of Bangladesh.
40
Morris, Kirsty, and Fran Orr. "Is there a Role for Psychiatry in Late Termination of Pregnancy?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 9 (September 2007): 709–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701519898.
Анотація:
The aim of the present review was to explore the role of the psychiatrist in late terminations of pregnancy. A literature review was conducted using MEDLINE and psycINFO databases, focussing on articles that explored (i) existing decision-making processes in late terminations; (ii) psychological sequelae of both early and late termination of pregnancy; (iii) the role of psychiatry in both early and late termination of pregnancy; and (iv) the involvement of psychiatry in complex medical decisions. The decision to perform a late termination of pregnancy is complex. Contributing to its complexity is an array of political, legal, societal, and ethical factors. The literature regarding psychological sequelae is frequently confusing and weakened by methodological problems. Methods of assisting in this decision-making process include the involvement of committees and psychiatrists. There are precedents for the involvement of psychiatrists in such a setting. Historically, psychiatrists played a role in screening women who requested an early termination. Psychiatrists are often involved in ethically challenging and complex clinical decisions in the general hospital setting. The involvement of psychiatry in this complex decision-making process has potential advantages and disadvantages. It is timely for psychiatrists to consider their position on their discipline's involvement.
41
Ross, Liz. "Introduction: Themed Section on South Korea: Developing social policy and practice in a changing society." Social Policy and Society 5, no. 3 (June 26, 2006): 373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746406003137.
Анотація:
The past decade has seen significant change within social policy and society in the Republic of Korea (South Korea – we will usually refer to South Korea simply as Korea in the following papers unless there is a need to distinguish between the North and South Koreas). From an economically driven welfare policy and limited democracy, through the introduction of a democratic state and the economic crisis of 1997, Korea is currently experiencing significant reform within its social policy and within society. This reform has been variously described as ‘productive welfare’, ‘transformational’ and ‘developmental’ (Kwon, 2003). Societal changes, including the increased involvement of women in the labour market and increased participation through democratic processes, challenge the family and the organisational hierarchies of the traditional Confucian society and globalisation and rapid developments in information technology and communications have brought western influences and ideas.
42
Lappegård, Trude, and Tom Kornstad. "Social Norms about Father Involvement and Women’s Fertility." Social Forces 99, no. 1 (November 4, 2019): 398–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soz124.
Анотація:
Abstract We argue that father involvement at the societal level influences women’s fertility decisions. If father involvement becomes a social norm, it provides expectations about shared parenthood and father involvement in care for young children, making it easier to realize childbearing plans. We test our theoretical assumption using administrative register data from Norway covering 25 years of exposure to a social policy aiming at fathers becoming more involved in childcare and an equal division of labor within the family. Hazard model regression analyses including macro indicators of father involvement reveal that father engagement – in the sense that fathers are visible in the community being on parental leave – is positively associated with women becoming mothers and one-child mothers’ transition to second birth, but the effect is strongest for the second birth. Simulation experiments show that in a scenario where no fathers take parental leave, only 63 percent of all women have a second child, while in the scenario where almost all fathers take leave, as many as 74 percent of all women will do so. In many low fertility countries, women often stop at one child. Our results suggest that in such societies that are concerned about low fertility, policies that encourage father involvement could be a valuable investment.
43
Jayaraman, J. D., and Saigeetha Jambunathan. "Financial literacy among high school students: Evidence from India." Citizenship, Social and Economics Education 17, no. 3 (October 31, 2018): 168–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047173418809712.
Анотація:
Financial literacy is an important but oft ignored skill that is vital for young people. This study measured financial literacy levels among high school students ( N = 608) in India and found low levels of performance on standard measures of financial literacy. The percentage correct score on the basic financial literacy questions was 45% and on the sophisticated financial literacy questions the score was 44%. Financial literacy levels in India were found to be lower than those in developed countries. Gender differences were found, with females outperforming males, contrary to findings in developed countries. Students who pursued the commerce/economics stream of education were found to have higher levels of financial literacy than students pursuing the science stream. Results showed that students, despite having high levels of numeracy, were unable to transfer that knowledge to do financial computations. Parental involvement was also found to have a significant influence on financial literacy. Interviews with students highlighted the fact that understanding of societal and macroeconomic impacts of financial literacy was low. These findings lend support for high school financial education which involves parents and stresses practical hands-on application, societal and macroeconomic impact, as a means of improving financial literacy.
44
Gineste, Christian, and Burcu Savun. "Introducing POSVAR: A dataset on refugee-related violence." Journal of Peace Research 56, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343318811440.
Анотація:
While scholars have for some time debated the role of refugee flows in the international spread of conflict, most evidence has been indirect due to the scarcity of systematic data on refugee-related violence. The Political and Societal Violence By And Against Refugees (POSVAR) dataset addresses this lacuna by providing cross-national, time-series data on refugees’ involvement in acts of physical violence in their host state, either as the victims or the perpetrators of violence, individually or collectively, in all countries between 1996 and 2015. In this article, we provide an overview of the main features of the dataset, identify its limitations, and trace variation in reported levels of refugee-related violence over time and across different types of actors. We emphasize that the data may be helpful to both researchers and policymakers for more accurate understanding of the prevalence of refugee-related violence and the design of more optimal policies to mitigate it.
45
Caspers, Lena, and Urban Strandberg. "How could Expert Involvement Compensate for an Incomplete Capability of Legitimization through Democratic Representation? Debating the Grounds for Political Legitimacy in the EU." European Review 27, no. 02 (March 15, 2019): 275–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106279871800073x.
Анотація:
This article contributes to the scholarly as well as societal decades-long debate on the state of democracy in the EU. The objective is to problematize, discuss, and come up with constructive ideas on the role of expert groups in the processes of legitimization of decision-making within the EU. The analysis is guided by a general research question: how could expert involvement compensate for an incomplete capability of legitimization through democratic representation? The empirical analysis of expert influence in decision-making is guided by a new modelling of the so-called Epistemic Community approach. The case chosen to illustrate the model is the authorization process of the emergency contraceptive ellaOne, within the institutional setting of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) at the European Medicines Agency. The empirical material consists of interviews with eight members of the CHMP. To guide the empirical analysis the paper introduces a two-dimensional model of the epistemic community approach, which distinguishes between the institutional preconditions and the ideational motivations of expert groups. The results indicate that the experts within the CHMP had an influence on the policy-making process thanks to favourable institutional preconditions as well as ideational motivations of the experts themselves. Our conclusion is that there is a need for ‘institutional engineering’ as regards the involvement of experts in decision-making, to sustain the legitimacy of expert involvement, and level out the institutional conditions for experts’ influence on policy-making within the EU.
46
Kelly, James. "Chimney Sweeps, Climbing Boys and Child Employment in Ireland, 1775–1875." Irish Economic and Social History 47, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 36–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0332489320910013.
Анотація:
The identification of the involvement of young boys in cleaning chimneys as a social problem in the late eighteenth century, and its effectual elimination in the second half of the nineteenth, provides a yardstick against which one can measure changing attitudes to child labour during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The involvement of children as young as five in this trade and the injuries and illness to which they were subject prompted an incrementally more vigorous demand for its elimination that was fuelled by the increasing societal influence of the respectable. Based on an analysis of the practice, the abuses it permitted and the efforts of reformers to convince the public and politicians that the invention of the sweeping machine meant it was no longer necessary to involve children in this dangerous trade, the article explains how the combination of revulsion at the mistreatment of climbing boys, organised opposition and an attitudinal shift brought about a change in the law that effectively brought it to an end and established the principle that child labour was immoral as well as unnecessary.
47
Wisnumurti, A. A. Gede Oka. "LOCAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE GENERAL ELECTION DIRECTLY CONDUCTED TO VOTE FOR DISTRICT HEADS (PILKADA) IN BADUNG REGENCY IN 2005." E-Journal of Cultural Studies 17, no. 1 (February 29, 2024): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/cs.2024.v17.i01.p05.
Анотація:
The general election directly conducted to vote for the regent and vice regent (Pemilihan Kepala Daerah, abbreviated to Pilkada) by the people in Badung Regency in 2005 was the first one. The people’s direct involvement in the local political life moved highly dynamically. The struggle for power by various strengths affected various dimensions of the people’s lives; therefore, it is interesting to investigate the local political dynamics in the Pilkada directly conducted in Badung Regency in 2005 in the perspective of cultural studies. There are three problems formulated in this study. They are (1) what was the dynamics of the Pilkada directly conducted in Badung Regency in 2005 like?; (2) how the relation of strengths affected the local political dynamics in the Pilkada directly conducted in Badung Regency in 2005?; (3) what were the implications and meanings of the local political dynamics of the Pilkada directly conducted in Badung Regency in 2005?
The results of the study show that fluctuative changes took place continuously with regard to the form and functions of societal structure. Culturally, the people’s ideology changed from being mono centric into being multi centric. The relation of strengths became segmented into three main strengths forming a new formation of strength referred to as trisula. This led to an institutional configuration, differentiation of power and locality sedimentation, and provided meanings to competition and tolerance, emancipatory, political comodification, adaptive leadership and local democratic cultural strengthening.
Keywords: dynamics, local politics, and direct pilkada in Badung Regency
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Borowiec, Piotr. "Koncepcja praktyk repartycji." Politeja 19, no. 2(77) (July 14, 2022): 273–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.19.2022.77.12.
Анотація:
THE IDEA BEHIND THE PRACTICE OF REPARTITION: THE REASONS FOR ITS SYSTEMATIC APPLICATION IN POLISH POLITICS The article discusses the practice of repartition, political tools and measures used by politicians as means to achieve their political objectives. Repartitions meet social expectations, can mobilize voters, and demonstrate the involvement of politicians with social problems. They also aim to question the validity of the legal system, and to refuse to accept its inequalities. They postulate the rejection of dominating hierarchies, the instances of discrimination, injustice and wrongdoings. Essentially antithetical, they show two parties between which the unjust privileges manifest, and postulate their abolition. Repartitions often politicize cleavages by focusing on inequality. It is through such relations that repartitions become attractive and useful, as they refer to the experiences that individual people can relate to. Therefore, repartitions also constitute a diagnostic tool that can help assess the depth of inequalities, social expectations, and the public mood. The aim of this article is to discuss the essence of the practice of repartition, a new analytical category used to create and explain politics, seen here as closely related to the phenomenon of societal cleavages.
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Utari, Utari, Yuni Wulandari, Colby Colby, and Crespi Crespi. "Political Participation of the Millennial Generation in General Elections: The Influence of Education, Social Media, and Economic Factors." Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Humaniora 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/jiph.v12i3.10.
Анотація:
The Millennial generation, comprising individuals born between the early 1980s and mid-1990s, represents a significant demographic group with the potential to shape the political landscape. This research investigates the multifaceted determinants of Millennial political participation in general elections, seeking to unravel the complexities that drive or hinder their engagement in the democratic process. Employing a mixed-methods approach encompassing surveys and interviews, this study examines key factors influencing Millennial political behavior. The research findings reveal several pivotal insights; Firstly, education emerges as a critical catalyst for Millennial political participation, emphasizing the importance of civic education programs in nurturing political awareness. Secondly, social media platforms, such as Twitter and Facebook, have assumed a transformative role, serving as potent tools for information dissemination, mobilization, and interactive political discourse. Thirdly, economic challenges, notably student loan debt and economic insecurity, persist as formidable barriers, necessitating targeted policies to alleviate these concerns and encourage political engagement. Fourthly, trust in political institutions emerges as a motivating factor, highlighting the significance of transparency and accountability in enhancing Millennial voter turnout. Lastly, non-electoral civic activities, including volunteering and community service, serve as precursors to broader political involvement, underscoring the value of encouraging civic engagement. The implications drawn from these findings reverberate through the realms of policy, political strategy, and societal empowerment. Recommendations include investments in civic education, leveraging social media for political outreach, addressing economic disparities, and fostering civic engagement. As Millennial political participation continues to evolve, this research underscores the importance of empirical analysis in informing effective strategies and policies. It serves as a clarion call for collective action, urging stakeholders across academia, politics, and civil society to empower Millennials as active and informed participants in the democratic process. This research contributes not only to academic knowledge but also to the practical endeavor of strengthening democratic foundations, ensuring that the voices of Millennials resonate within the corridors of governance, and shaping the trajectory of our collective political future
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Rogulis, Dovydas. "From Rhetoric to Reality: Lithuania’s Total Defence Response to Russian Threats." Baltic Journal of Law & Politics 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjlp-2023-0019.
Анотація:
Abstract This research delves into Lithuania’s response to the perceived threat from Russia and the practical implementation of its total defence approach. Key political figures, including the President, Prime Minister, Minister of National Defence, and Chairman of the National Security and Defence Committee, are scrutinized using securitization theory. The study explores how these actors frame total defence as an urgent response to an existential threat and analyses both their discourse and tangible actions from 2020 onwards. Distinct approaches among political figures emerge, with the President prioritizing communication, the Minister of Defence emphasizing tangible improvements, and the Chairman of the NSDC acting as a driving force. Despite increased military spending, the involvement of society in national defence—integral to the total defence strategy—remains limited. Factors contributing to this limitation include unclear leadership, insincere rhetoric, bureaucratic obstacles, and the initial unpreparedness of the Armed Forces to integrate civilians. The study underscores the critical need for genuine commitment and leadership to achieve meaningful breakthroughs in Lithuania’s total defence approach. While politicians employ securitization and public discourse to align with public sentiment and present themselves as problem solvers, the actual progress in engaging the public and the private sector remains limited. The discrepancy between discourse and material implementation suggests that a more substantial commitment is essential for effective societal involvement in national defence, making it clear that symbolic gestures fall short of achieving impactful results in Lithuania’s total defence approach.