Статті в журналах: "Policy anomalies"

1

김재거 and Dong Hoe Kim. "Monetary Policy and Stock Market Anomalies." Korean Journal of Financial Engineering 15, no. 1 (March 2016): 45–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35527/kfedoi.2016.15.1.003.

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2

Hu, Hongxin, Gail-Joon Ahn, and Ketan Kulkarni. "Detecting and Resolving Firewall Policy Anomalies." IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 9, no. 3 (May 2012): 318–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2012.20.

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3

Raziya, Abdul, and Amrutasagar Kavarthapu. "Resolving Cross Domain Firewall Policy Anomalies." International Journal of Computer Applications 124, no. 14 (August 18, 2015): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2015905771.

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4

Kontonikas, Alexandros, and Alexandros Kostakis. "On Monetary Policy and Stock Market Anomalies." Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 40, no. 7-8 (June 18, 2013): 1009–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12028.

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5

K . Chawan, Abhishek, and Shashikant S . Mahajan. "Solving Firewall Policy Anomalies Using Generic Algorithm." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 20, no. 4 (February 25, 2015): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v20p238.

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6

Vanikalyani, G., P. Avinash P.Avinash, and P. Pandarinath P.Pandarinath. "Cross-Domain Search for Policy Anomalies in Firewall." International Journal of Computer Applications 104, no. 6 (October 18, 2014): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/18205-9337.

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7

Valenza, Fulvio, Cataldo Basile, Daniele Canavese, and Antonio Lioy. "Classification and Analysis of Communication Protection Policy Anomalies." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 25, no. 5 (October 2017): 2601–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2017.2708096.

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8

Fishman, R. M. "Anomalies of Spain's Economy and Economic Policy-making." Contributions to Political Economy 31, no. 1 (May 15, 2012): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cpe/bzs009.

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9

Skogstad, Grace, and Tanya Whyte. "Authority Contests, Power and Policy Paradigm Change: Explaining Developments in Grain Marketing Policy in Prairie Canada." Canadian Journal of Political Science 48, no. 1 (January 16, 2015): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423914001115.

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AbstractThis article investigates the nature and role of authority contests—the claims and counterclaims about whose ideas matter on policy debates and via what procedures they should be heard—in policy paradigm contestation, reform and abandonment. Examining the authority contests around prairie Canada's grain marketing policy illustrates an additional pathway—a value-driven model—to Hall's model of endogenous policy anomalies. It further documents differences across governments in how they resolve contentious policy debates, showing that governments make fewer efforts to supplement their own representational authority with expert and/or popular authority when they enjoy majoritarian support from the affected region than when they do not and when their support for paradigm change is value-driven rather than a response to policy anomalies.

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10

Pandey, Asheesh, Sanjay Sehgal, Amiya Kumar Mohapatra, and Pradeepta Kumar Samanta. "Equity market anomalies in major European economies." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 18, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.18(2).2021.20.

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This paper investigates five leading equity market anomalies – size, value, momentum, profitability, and asset growth, for four Western European markets, namely, Germany, France, Italy and Spain, from January 2002 to March 2018. The study tests whether these anomalies reverse under different macro-economic uncertainty conditions, and evaluates if strategies based on time diversification can be formed using these equity market anomalies. Market anomalies were tested using four major asset pricing models – the Capital Asset Pricing Model, the Fama-French three-factor model, the Carhart model, and the Fama-French five-factor model. Macro-economic uncertainty was tested using two proxies, namely VIX and default premiums. Time diversified strategies were examined by estimating Sharpe ratios of combined portfolios formed by combining winner univariate portfolios. Value effect in Germany, Size effect in France and Profitability effect in Italy and Spain provide the highest unadjusted returns on long side strategies. No significant reversal of these anomalies was found under different macroeconomic uncertainties. Asset pricing tests show that CAPM works well for Spain and Italy, while Carhart’s model explains returns in Germany. The Fama-French five factor model does not seem to be a good descriptor of asset pricing for data. No suitable model for explaining asset returns is identified for France. Finally, it is observed that some of the equity market anomalies seem to be countercyclical and therefore provide time diversification opportunities. The study has implications for academicians, investors, and policy makers by providing insights for developing profitable investment strategies and highlighting the efficacy of alternative models as performance benchmarks.

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11

Gilthorpe, M. S. "Application of the Mantel—Haenszel Odds Ratio in Validation of Hospital Episode Statistics Data." Health Services Management Research 10, no. 1-2 (February 1997): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095148489701000109.

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The National Health Service reforms have led to a growing need to determine the efficiency and cost effectiveness of health care provision. Resource utilization and the factors that influence it form a vital part of the information procured by commissioners of health care. Currently, the most comprehensive source of routinely collected data is the Hospital Episode Statistics database. This database provides the most complete coverage of all areas of hospital inpatient services; these services account for up to 70% of the health care budget. Several studies have investigated the integrity of these data, but they have been concerned only with a subset of the data or with particular hospitals. This paper derives a method of data validation that can be applied either regionally or nationally to two key fields within the database: in this instance, consultant specialty and principal diagnosis. The process uses the Mantel—Haenszel odds ratio estimate to reveal large anomalies within either specialty or diagnostic coding. Within the West Midlands, it was generally observed that diagnosis codes are coded more consistently than consultant codes. However, problems occur due to incomplete or incorrect diagnostic entries and these anomalies are irregular across provider units. In contrast, anomalies within Korner specialty codes are associated predominantly with maternity, obstetrics, geriatric and general medicine. A large number of these anomalies are well understood within the context of local practice variation. Nevertheless, many anomalies remain within a wide range of other specialties where further investigation is warranted. Where systematic error is found, provider units should be notified in order to improve data consistency and enhance quality for future data users and health care planners.

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12

Wilder, Matt, and Michael Howlett. "The politics of policy anomalies: bricolage and the hermeneutics of paradigms." Critical Policy Studies 8, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2014.901175.

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13

Gamber, Edward N., and David R. Hakes. "Do shifts in federal reserve policy regimes explain interest rate anomalies?" Journal of Macroeconomics 17, no. 2 (March 1995): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0164-0704(95)80098-0.

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14

Tantri, Malini L. "India’s Plantations Labour Act and Inherent Structural Anomalies." Review of Development and Change 24, no. 2 (December 2019): 224–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972266119886982.

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The article critically revisits the Plantations Labour Act (1951) and its amendments and discusses threads of anomalies inherent in its making over the years. While doing so, it discusses conflicts about the domain of plantation sector, institutional exclusion and components of social costs. It explores alternative policy options to reduce social welfare cost components of the sector so as to improve cost competitiveness of the industry along with protecting labour interest.

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15

Pandey, Asheesh. "Equity Market Anomalies, VIX and Asset Pricing: Trading Strategies for India." Indian Economic Journal 67, no. 3-4 (December 2019): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466220951978.

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In this article we examine five prominent equity anomalies, viz., size, value, profitability, investment and momentum for Indian capital market using data from July 2001 to June 2019. We test the sample anomalies through four prominent factor models and find that all the factor anomalies remain significant for India, however, size and value anomaly provide substantial risk adjusted returns to be exploited by portfolio managers. We further evaluate if the anomalies tend to reverse under different macro-economic uncertainty, which is proxied by VIX. We find barring Size effect none of the anomaly reverses under different macro-economic conditions. We further observe that Fama French three factor model subsumes the majority of the alpha effect, however, none of the factor models fully explain the alphas of sample anomalies. Finally, we find that few of the sample anomalies are countercyclical in nature and thus, provide time diversification opportunity. Profitability-size anomaly provides risk adjusted time diversification opportunity. Our results have significant implications for portfolio managers, policy makers and academia.

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16

Hanamsagar, Ameya, Bhagyashree Borate, Ninad Jane, Aditi Wasvand, and Santosh Darade. "Detection of Firewall Policy Anomalies in Real-time Distributed Network Security Appliances." International Journal of Computer Applications 116, no. 23 (April 22, 2015): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/20497-2769.

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17

Sollie, J. Erik, Herman P. van Geijn, and Nico F. T. Arts. "Validity of a selective policy for ultrasound examination of fetal congenital anomalies." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 27, no. 2 (February 1988): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-2243(88)90005-6.

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18

Woo, Kai-Yin, Chulin Mai, Michael McAleer, and Wing-Keung Wong. "Review on Efficiency and Anomalies in Stock Markets." Economies 8, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies8010020.

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The efficient-market hypothesis (EMH) is one of the most important economic and financial hypotheses that have been tested over the past century. Due to many abnormal phenomena and conflicting evidence, otherwise known as anomalies against EMH, some academics have questioned whether EMH is valid, and pointed out that the financial literature has substantial evidence of anomalies, so that many theories have been developed to explain some anomalies. To address the issue, this paper reviews the theory and literature on market efficiency and market anomalies. We give a brief review on market efficiency and clearly define the concept of market efficiency and the EMH. We discuss some efforts that challenge the EMH. We review different market anomalies and different theories of Behavioral Finance that could be used to explain such market anomalies. This review is useful to academics for developing cutting-edge treatments of financial theory that EMH, anomalies, and Behavioral Finance underlie. The review is also beneficial to investors for making choices of investment products and strategies that suit their risk preferences and behavioral traits predicted from behavioral models. Finally, when EMH, anomalies and Behavioral Finance are used to explain the impacts of investor behavior on stock price movements, it is invaluable to policy makers, when reviewing their policies, to avoid excessive fluctuations in stock markets.

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19

Yue, Liu, and Liu Tianming. "Short- and Long-Horizon Behavioral Anomalies and Institutional Investors’ Nudge Behavior: Based on the Data of Listed Chinese Tobacco Companies." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 5 (September 30, 2021): 1904–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.5.112.

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We use the data of listed tobacco companies in China to study the existence of short- and long-horizon behavioral anomalies and the impact of institutional investors’ behavior on them. We found that the existing asset pricing models cannot explain the short- and long-horizon behavioral anomalies based on tobacco enterprise data. Conversely, the short- and long-horizon behavioral anomalies can explain the exciting asset pricing factors. Compared with existing asset pricing models, behavioral anomalies have a stronger ability to explain anomalies. Behavioral anomalies could pass the cross-sectionally test and strengthened over time. The above results indicate that behavioral anomalies exist in China tobacco enterprisest significantly and are time-varying. We found that the limits to arbitrage and cognitive bias lead to the existence of behavioral anomalies through mechanism tests. Institutional investors did not play the role of price discovery. Instead, their nudge behavior strengthens the short- and long-horizon behavioral anomalies. Therefore, tobacco regulatory agencies should guide listed tobacco companies to broaden information channels to reduce information asymmetry in the market through relevant policies, strengthen the supervision of institutional investors’ bubble riding behavior, and promote the healthy development of the tobacco market.

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20

Fox, Carol. "Union Democracy and Collective Bargaining: Public Policy in Transition." Journal of Industrial Relations 41, no. 3 (September 1999): 393–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569904100304.

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Union democracy was a preoccupation of the federal legislature from the 1920s to the 1970s. It was quiescent as a public policy issue for two decades until revived by the Howard government in 1996. Examination of the statutory provisions for union democracy reveals deficiencies in terms of the benchmarks provided by both liberal pluralist and Marxist models. The traditional rationale for state intervention in union government is found to have been significantly weakened. At the same time, union democracy has been reinstated as a principal object of the statute. A new rationale for intervention is needed, as is a review of current regulation to assess its capacity to facilitate the achievement of tbe statutory objects. In analysing the relationship between regulation for union democracy and for participation in collective bargaining we can identify otber anomalies. These include: different standards for participation in the arbitration spbere (consent awards) from the bargaining sphere ( certified agreements); variation in the degree of regulation of different decisions—high-level regulation for elections and for merger decisions, and low-level regulation of decisions relating to the primary union function of improving wages and conditions; and extension of participa tion rights to non-unionists in the negotiation of union agreements, that is, elevation of an 'employee constituency' at the expense of a 'union-member constituency'. The industrial citizenship paradigm serves to highlight the anomalies and also resonates with the currently espoused value of employee choice. This model could provide a theoretical foundation for a more comistent and principled approach to public policy concerning participation in collective bargaining.

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21

Pfeifauf, Kristin D., Alison K. Snyder-Warwick, and Kamlesh B. Patel. "Proposed Federal Bill to Mandate Insurance Coverage for Children With Congenital Anomalies." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 57, no. 6 (April 7, 2020): 770–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665620913024.

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The Ensuring Lasting Smiles Act was reintroduced in United States Congress in March 2019. If enacted, the bill will substantially limit private insurers’ ability to deny coverage for the medically necessary treatment of congenital anomalies, including cleft palate and craniofacial anomalies. Coverage denials are currently a barrier to care for these individuals, especially for patients residing in states lacking coverage mandates. The purpose of this article is to describe the issues underlying the proposed federal legislation and provide a policy discussion to better inform cleft and craniofacial providers about pending legislation relevant to their practice.

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22

Bouchard, Louise, Marc Renaud, Odile Kremp, and Louis Dallaire. "Selective Abortion: A New Moral Order? Consensus and Debate in the Medical Community." International Journal of Health Services 25, no. 1 (January 1995): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/tgde-kmap-6jyg-0t8n.

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The authors discuss the results of a survey of the attitudes of Canadian and French (Picardie, Nord-Pas de Calais) physicians toward selective abortion of fetal anomalies detected by ultrasound, amniocentesis, or chorionic villus sampling. The study documents the threshold of acceptability of abortion of fetuses with selected anomalies, as well as the physicians' own perceptions of their role in the decision to abort. While there was no consensus among all Canadian physicians regarding the acceptability of abortion, more than 55 percent from France and Quebec would accept selective abortion of a fetus affected with trisomy 21, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, Huntington's chorea, or spina bifida. In the province of Quebec, Anglophone physicians showed a greater acceptance of abortion than did their French-speaking colleagues. In reference to the physician's role in the decision to abort, French physicians are more directive than North American physicians. Cultural predispositions may explain these differences in attitudes.

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23

Baldwin, Robert E. "The Political Economy of Trade Policy." Journal of Economic Perspectives 3, no. 4 (November 1, 1989): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.3.4.119.

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International trade seems to be a subject where the advice of economists is routinely disregarded. Economists are nearly unanimous in their general opposition to protectionism, but the increase in U.S. protection in recent years in such sectors as automobiles, steel, textiles and apparel, machine tools, footwear and semiconductors demonstrates that economists lack political influence on trade policy. Two broad approaches have been developed to analyze the political economics of trade policy and the processes that generate protectionism. One approach emphasizes the economic self-interest of the political participants, while the other stresses the importance of the broad social concerns of voters and public officials. This paper outlines the nature of the two approaches, indicating how they can explain the above anomalies and other trade policy behavior, and concludes with observations about integrating the two frameworks, conducting further research, and making policy based on the analysis.

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24

Whitehead, Christine. "Housing policy and the changing tenure mix." National Institute Economic Review 245 (August 2018): R34—R39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011824500113.

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The paper discusses the many reasons why housing policy can appear to be both incoherent and ineffective - with too many Departments involved each with different objectives and a plethora of policies pulling in different directions. Drawing on earlier research findings the paper discusses three examples which have impacted on tenure mix – the growth in the private rented sector where policy initiatives – except for unintended side effects – have been limited and market and macroeconomic pressures have dominated; a range of tax anomalies which provide inconsistent incentives and generate considerable costs to the economy; and the impact of specific policies which concentrate on supporting owner-occupation through new build initiatives. The paper concludes by asking whether housing policy is inherently unable to withstand the pressures placed on it by both politics and macroeconomic realities.

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25

Advenier, AS, G. Lorin De La Grandmaison, S. Cavard, N. Pyatigorskaya, D. Malicier, and P. Charlier. "Laryngeal anomalies: Pitfalls in adult forensic autopsies." Medicine, Science and the Law 54, no. 1 (June 26, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802413485731.

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26

Knorre, Alex. "Do Russian Police Fabricate Drug Offenses? Evidence From Seized Heroin’s Weight Distribution." Journal of Drug Issues 50, no. 4 (May 22, 2020): 378–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042620918951.

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Current Russian drug policy is punitive toward people who use drugs. Moreover, criminal justice in Russia is driven by strong organizational incentives to increase performance indicators of police such as clearance rate. Taken together, these might lead to the use of extrajudicial and illegal police practices, as documented by several qualitative studies. In this article, we explore quantitative evidence of such practices, namely, weight anomalies of the seized heroin that result from minimum threshold amounts established by the law. We find significant discontinuities in the weight distribution of seized heroin near minimum threshold amounts. Placebo tests rule out alternative explanations of the discontinuity and show that the most likely source of the revealed discontinuities is police manipulations with seized heroin.

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27

Zaveri, Esha, Jason Russ, and Richard Damania. "Rainfall anomalies are a significant driver of cropland expansion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 19 (April 27, 2020): 10225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910719117.

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Rainfall anomalies have long occupied center stage in policy discussions, and understanding their impacts on agricultural production has become more important as climate change intensifies. However, the global scale of rainfall-induced productivity shocks on changes in cropland is yet to be quantified. Here we identify how rainfall anomalies impact observed patterns of cropped areas at a global scale by leveraging locally determined unexpected variations in rainfall. Employing disaggregated panel data at the grid level, we find that repeated dry anomalies lead to an increase in cropland expansion in developing countries. No discernible effects are detected from repeated wet events. That these effects are confined to developing countries, which are often dominated by small-holder farmers, implies that they may be in response to reduced yields. The estimates suggest that overall, in developing countries, dry anomalies account for ∼9% of the rate of cropland expansion over the past two decades. We perform several tests to check for consistency and robustness of this relationship. First, using forest cover as an alternative measure, we find comparable reductions in forest cover in the same regions where cropland expands due to repeated dry anomalies. Second, we test the relationship in regions where yields are buffered from rainfall anomalies by irrigation infrastructure and find that the impact on cropland expansion is mitigated, providing further support for our results. Since cropland expansion is a significant driver of deforestation, these results have important implications for forest loss and environmental services.

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28

Strøm, Kaare, and Jørn Y. Leipart. "Policy, Institutions, and Coalition Avoidance: Norwegian Governments, 1945–1990." American Political Science Review 87, no. 4 (December 1993): 870–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2938820.

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Norwegian party politics is characterized by coalition avoidance that defies conventional coalition theory. This failure of coalescence can be caused either by policy pursuit (preference-induced) or by institutional constraint (structure-induced). We test the explanatory power of policy-based and institutional explanations, relying on content analysis of authoritative party and government documents for our policy measures. The results show that the left–right policy dimension has powerfully constrained Norwegian interparty bargaining and that policy-based coalition theory can account for many apparent anomalies in Norwegian coalition politics. A permissive institutional environment has also fostered coalition avoidance. Although core-based coalition theory can thus be successfully adapted to the Norwegian case, it rests on a number of critical assumptions that limit its general applicability.

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29

Hutchison, David. "Broadcasting and devolution: Radical future?" Critical Studies in Television: The International Journal of Television Studies 17, no. 1 (March 2022): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17496020211061305.

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The mismatch between political devolution in the United Kingdom and the apparent retention at the centre of responsibility for broadcasting policy, particularly in relation to the BBC, is examined, and the anomalies therein explored. The article argues that, despite the constitutional position, in practice devolution of broadcasting policy has proceeded, albeit unevenly, and more systematic devolution may follow. That process might have to be accompanied by a restructuring of the United Kingdom politically.

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30

Strauss, Ronald P. "Experiencing Clinical Ethical Dilemmas: Cases of Ethical Decision-Making in the Care of Children with Major Craniofacial Deformities." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 32, no. 6 (November 1995): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1995_032_0494_ecedco_2.3.co_2.

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This series of six papers considers ethical and health policy issues related to the care of children born with major craniofacial anomalies, using a real-life case-based approach. The papers are based upon the direct experiences of pediatricians, craniofacial surgeons, social workers, parents, and ethicists. Using a simple theoretic framework presented In the paper by Sharp, the authors “unpack” their cases and discuss the ethical, clinical, and social issues raised, considering policy implications.

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31

Цибуля, А. Н., А. И. Козачок, and В. М. Козлова. "EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE DETECTION OF ANOMALIES IN A COMPUTER NETWORK." СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, no. 4(86) (December 30, 2021): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2021.86.4.005.

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В статье рассматривается оптимизированный подход к контролю инцидентов информационной безопасности компьютерной сети и обнаружению аномалий. Обоснована необходимость использования алгоритма «усечения» полного множества факторов нарушения политики информационной безопасности. The article considers an optimized approach to monitoring computer network information security incidents and detecting anomalies. The necessity of using the algorithm of «truncation» of the full set of factors of violation of the information security policy is justified.

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32

Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., David Martinez, James Grellier, James Bennett, Nicky Best, Nina Iszatt, Martine Vrijheid, and Mireille B. Toledano. "Chlorination disinfection by-products in drinking water and congenital anomalies: review and meta-analyses." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 15, suppl 2 (October 2010): 3109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232010000800015.

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This study aims to review epidemiologic evidence of the association between exposure to chlorination disinfection by-products (DBPs) and congenital anomalies. All epidemiologic studies that evaluated a relationship between an index of DBP exposure and risk of congenital anomalies were analyzed. For all congenital anomalies combined, the meta-analysis gave a statistically significant excess risk for high versus low exposure to water chlorination or TTHM (17%; 95% CI, 3-34) based on a small number of studies. The meta-analysis also suggested a statistically significant excess risk for ventricular septal defects (58%; 95% CI, 21-107), but based on only three studies, and there was little evidence of an exposure-response relationship. It was observed no statistically significant relationships in the other meta-analyses and little evidence for publication bias, except for urinary tract defects and cleft lip and palate. Although some individual studies have suggested an association between chlorination disinfection by-products and congenital anomalies, meta-analyses of all currently available studies demonstrate little evidence of such association.

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33

Bromley-Trujillo, Rebecca, Mirya Holman, and Andres Sandoval. "Hot Districts, Cool Legislation: Evaluating Agenda Setting in Climate Change Bill Sponsorship in U.S. States." State Politics & Policy Quarterly 19, no. 3 (April 28, 2019): 375–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532440019842175.

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What factors influence agenda setting behavior in state legislatures in the United States? Using the localized effects of climate change, we examine whether notable changes in temperature can raise the salience of the issue, thus encouraging a legislative response. To evaluate the behavior of individual legislators around climate policy, we utilize an original data set that includes geographic mapping of climate anomalies at the state legislative district level and incorporates individual, chamber, district, and state characteristics to predict climate bill sponsorship. Using a multilevel model that estimates climate change bill sponsorship among 25,000 legislators from 2011 to 2015, we find a robust relationship between temperature anomalies and bill sponsorship for Democratic members of state legislators while Republicans are unresponsive to such factors. Our data and methodological approach allow us to examine legislative action on climate change beyond final policy passage and offers an opportunity to understand the motivations behind climate innovation in the American states.

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34

Cain, Maureen. "Developing a Juvenile Justice Policy: Anomalies of Theory and Practice in Trinidad and Tobago." Caribbean Quarterly 42, no. 2-3 (June 1996): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00086495.1996.11671848.

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35

Coleman, William D., Grace D. Skogstad, and Michael M. Atkinson. "Paradigm Shifts and Policy Networks: Cumulative Change in Agriculture." Journal of Public Policy 16, no. 3 (September 1996): 273–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00007777.

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ABSTRACTThis article presents an alternative trajectory to policy paradigm change to that outlined by Peter A. Hall's social learning model, in which unsuccessful efforts by state officials to respond to policy failures and anomalies in the existing paradigm eventually trigger a broader, societal, political partisan debate about policy principles. From this society-wide contestation over policy goals, problems, and solutions, a new policy paradigm emerges. Drawing on the conceptual tools of policy feedback and policy networks, this article describes an alternative route to paradigm shift in which change is negotiated between state actors and group representatives. Discussions of change are largely confined to sectoral policy networks and the result is a more managed series of policy changes that culminate in a paradigm shift. This argument for a second, cumulative trajectory to paradigm shift is developed by examining agricultural policy change in three countries: the United States, Canada, and Australia.

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Baral, Ramesh. "Historical policy review on disability." Research Nepal Journal of Development Studies 1, no. 1 (October 5, 2018): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/rnjds.v1i1.21276.

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Historical Policy Review on disability is a comprehensive historical policy analysis of past, barriers, and developing trend and disability in Nepal. People with disability in Nepal seems to be suffering from different dimensions. The article is focused on history and policy led aspects in Nepal. Are the policies sufficient? This article seeks to objectively identify the policy gaps and historical development of institutional support for people with disability in Nepal. Methodologically, the article is a descriptive analysis of disability in Nepal. The article has adopted internet based library method to review the policy gaps and history of development trend of support for people with disability. In conclusion, it is obvious from the review of policies and international conventional commitments that Nepal has sufficient policies regarding the people with disability. The most serious issue is good governance of organizations. Lack of responsibility, accountability and transparency are still a problem though there are many policies emphasizing the solutions to these problems. This means the implementation aspects of disability are very disappointing. Historically, mythological, and cultural aspects of disability are not defined scientifically. Therefore, the same problems anomalies are seen in contemporary lives of people with disability.Research Nepal Journal of Development Studies Vol.1(1) 2018 73-82

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List, John A. "Scientific Numerology, Preference Anomalies, and Environmental Policymaking." Environmental and Resource Economics 32, no. 1 (September 2005): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-005-6027-1.

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Lowry, R. Brian, Tanya Bedard, Xin Grevers, Susan Crawford, Steven C. Greenway, Mary E. Brindle, Harvey B. Sarnat, A. Robertson Harrop, Gerhard N. Kiefer, and Mary Thomas. "The Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System: a 40-year review with prevalence and trends for selected congenital anomalies, 1997–2019." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 43, no. 1 (January 2023): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.43.1.04.

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Introduction Current published long-term provincial or territorial congenital anomaly data are lacking for Canada. We report on prevalence (per 1000 total births) and trends in 1997–2019, in Alberta, Canada, for selected congenital anomalies. Associated risk factors are also discussed. Methods We used data from the Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System (ACASS) to calculate the prevalence and perform chi-square linear trend analyses. Results From 1997 to 2019, the overall prevalence of neural tube defects was stable, at 0.74 per 1000 total births. The same was true for spina bifida (0.38), orofacial clefts (1.99), more severe CHDs (transposition of the great arteries, 0.38; tetralogy of Fallot, 0.33; and hypoplastic left heart syndrome, 0.32); and gastroschisis (0.38). Anencephaly, cleft palate and anorectal malformation significantly decreased with a prevalence of 0.23, 0.75 and 0.54 per 1000 total births, respectively. Significantly increasing trends were reported for anotia/microtia (0.24), limb reduction anomalies (0.73), omphalocele (0.36) and Down syndrome (2.21) and for hypospadias and undescended testes (4.68 and 5.29, respectively, per 1000 male births). Conclusion Congenital anomalies are an important public health concern with significant social and societal costs. Surveillance data gathered by ACASS for over 40 years can be used for planning and policy decisions and the evaluation of prevention strategies. Contributing genetic and environmental factors are discussed as is the need for continued surveillance and research.

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Watson, Verity, and Mandy Ryan. "Exploring preference anomalies in double bounded contingent valuation." Journal of Health Economics 26, no. 3 (May 2007): 463–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2006.10.009.

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Tian, Yu, Huiyou He, Qing Ye, and Yong Wang. "Method for assessing the three-dimensional density structure based on gravity gradient inversion and gravity gradient curvature." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 19, no. 5 (September 19, 2022): 1064–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxac071.

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Abstract Compared with gravity data, gravity gradient data can reflect the structural features of density anomalies with higher sensitivity and resolution. Gravity gradient inversion is a common method for interpreting gravity gradient data, but the non-uniqueness of gravity gradient inversion solutions makes it difficult to quickly determine the effectiveness and reliability of the inversion results. To solve this problem, this paper combines the gravity gradient inversion and gravity gradient curvature methods and applies them to different sets of synthetic models. The gravity gradient inversion results are useful primarily for determining the spatial distributions and physical properties of density anomalies, while the gravity gradient curvature results have a prominent advantage in judging the geometric features of the density anomalies. In addition, one form of gravity gradient curvature, the contour lines of the shape index, can be compared with the top view of the inversion results to rapidly confirm the distribution of density anomalies, which is especially valuable for unexplored regions. On the basis of the respective advantages and features of these two methods, the gravity gradient curvature can be used as an important criterion to judge the results of gravity gradient inversion. The two methods are then combined to analyse airborne gravity gradient data measured in the field at the Kauring Test Site in Australia. Compared with the findings of previous gravity inversion research, this study shows that several anomalous blocks exist in the vicinity of the central anomalies, thereby demonstrating that the combination of these two methods is effective and reliable in identifying density anomalies.

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Quesnel, Y., B. Langlais, C. Sotin, and A. Galdéano. "Modelling and inversion of local magnetic anomalies." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 5, no. 4 (September 24, 2008): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/5/4/003.

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Qin, Fengfan, Hui Feng, Tao Yang, and Bo Hu. "Low-Cost Active Anomaly Detection with Switching Latency." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 2976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11072976.

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Consider the problem of detecting anomalies among multiple stochastic processes. Each anomaly incurs a cost per unit time until it is identified. Due to the resource constraints, the decision-maker can select one process to probe and obtain a noisy observation. Each observation and switching across processes accompany a certain time delay. Our objective is to find a sequential inference strategy that minimizes the expected cumulative cost incurred by all the anomalies during the entire detection procedure under the error constraints. We develop a deterministic policy to solve the problem within the framework of the active hypothesis testing model. We prove that the proposed algorithm is asymptotic optimal in terms of minimizing the expected cumulative costs when the ratio of the single-switching delay to the single-observation delay is much smaller than the declaration threshold and is order-optimal when the ratio is comparable to the threshold. Not only is the proposed policy optimal in the asymptotic regime, but numerical simulations also demonstrate its excellent performance in the finite regime.

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Yandra, Alexsander, Bunga Chintia Utami, and Khuriyatul Husna. "Distortion of Government Policy Orientation in Public-Private Partnership (PPP)." Policy & Governance Review 4, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30589/pgr.v4i1.172.

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This study examines the issue of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) policy discrepancies in reducing waste management and the occurrence of distortion of disagreement between the city’s government and the private sector in interpreting the contents and the scope of the policy inϐluenced by the interests of various stakeholders, the private sector and daily workers. This study uses a qualitative approach on the results of ethical and emic data, discussing the content of short-term project-oriented policies, which are limited to the transport of waste to cause long-term policy orientation anomalies in the trash business, thus impacting the accumulation of waste on the road, termination of unilateral contracts and demonstrations by daily workers. For this reason, PPP policy implementation shows high interest but has a low contribution to the community in Pekanbaru.

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Wang, Xuehui, Yong Zhang, Hao Liu, Yang Wang, Lichun Wang, and Baocai Yin. "An Improved Robust Principal Component Analysis Model for Anomalies Detection of Subway Passenger Flow." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (August 14, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7191549.

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Subway is an important transportation means for residents, since it is always on schedule. However, some temporal management policies or unpredicted events may change passenger flow and then affect passengers requirement for punctuality. Thus, detecting anomaly event, mining its propagation law, and revealing its potential impact are important and helpful for improving management strategy; e.g., subway emergency management can predict flow change under the condition of knowing specific policy and estimate traffic impact brought by some big events such as vocal concerts and ball games. In this paper, we propose a novel anomalies detection method of subway passenger flow. In this method, an improved robust principal component analysis model is presented to detect anomalies; then ST-DBSCAN algorithm is used to group the station-level anomaly data on space-time dimensions to reveal the propagation law and potential impact of different anomaly events. The real flow data of Beijing subway are used for experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective for detecting anomalies of subway passenger flow in practices.

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Goley, Stephanie Michele, Sidonie Sakula-Barry, Nana Adofo-Ansong, Laurence Isaaya Ntawunga, Maame Tekyiwa Botchway, Ann Horton Kelly, and Naomi Wright. "Investigating the use of ultrasonography for the antenatal diagnosis of structural congenital anomalies in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review." BMJ Paediatrics Open 4, no. 1 (August 2020): e000684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000684.

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BackgroundCongenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of under-5 mortality globally. The greatest burden is faced by those in low/middle-income countries (LMICs), where over 95% of deaths occur. Many of these deaths may be preventable through antenatal diagnosis and early intervention. This systematic literature review investigates the use of antenatal ultrasound to diagnose congenital anomalies and improve the health outcomes of infants in LMICs.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted using three search strings: (1) structural congenital anomalies; (2) LMICs; and (3) antenatal diagnosis. The search was conducted on the following databases: Medline, Embase, PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Title, abstract and full-text screening was undertaken in duplicate by two reviewers independently. Consensus among the wider authorship was sought for discrepancies. The primary analysis focused on the availability and effectiveness of antenatal ultrasound for diagnosing structural congenital anomalies. Secondary outcomes included neonatal morbidity and mortality, termination rates, referral rates for further antenatal care and training level of the ultrasonographer. Relevant policy data were sought.ResultsThe search produced 4062 articles; 97 were included in the review. The median percentage of women receiving an antenatal ultrasound examination was 50.0% in African studies and 90.7% in Asian studies (range 6.8%–98.8%). Median detection rates were: 16.7% Africa, 34.3% South America, 34.7% Asia and 47.3% Europe (range 0%–100%). The training level of the ultrasound provider may affect detection rates. Four articles compared morbidity and mortality outcomes, with inconclusive results. Significant variations in termination rates were found (0%–98.3%). No articles addressed referral rates.ConclusionAntenatal detection of congenital anomalies remains highly variable across LMICs and is particularly low in sub-Saharan Africa. Further research is required to investigate the role of antenatal diagnosis for improving survival from congenital anomalies in LMICs.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019105620.

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Gyelník, Teodor, and Gyula Ocskay. "System error. Reflections on the permanent failure of territoriality of the European Cohesion Policy." Europa XXI 39 (2020): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/eu21.2020.39.7.

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The aim of this article is to generate a debate on the definition and application of the territorial approach of future EU Cohesion Policy. Territorial cohesion, its instruments and tools have formed a specific ‘paradigm’, ‘disciplinary matrix’ and ‘vocabulary’. However, a peculiar dichotomy resonates: the EU’s global economic competitiveness objective is (usually) confronted by its territorial cohesion objectives. Permanent failure is generated and anomalies of the territorial cohesion paradigm are on the rise. Are we at the threshold of a new scientific revolution inside the EU and within its territorial cohesion matrix?

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Chakraborty, Banhi. "MGNREGA policy and application." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 34, no. 3/4 (April 8, 2014): 263–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-09-2013-0094.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the success rate of MGNREGS as one of the major flagship programme aimed for employment generation for the rural unemployed through exploring the applicability of the schemes in the given sociogeographical diversities. Design/methodology/approach – The paper attempts to reveal the relevance and outcome of MGNREGS in the context of rural labour market situation at different levels of the decentralised governance, using data published by the Ministry of Labour and employment at first stage, in addition to web-supported database of Ministry of Rural Development, and it also attempts, through case studies, to find out the root causes of anomalies at ground levels those intricate the performances at successive levels. Findings – The paper shows how the structural deficiencies of the programme being added with procedural lapses affecting the realisation of the expected benefits. Research limitations/implications – The research findings are relevant with the particular socio-geographical situation which may have less applicability in areas of much favourable agro-climatic conditions. Practical implications – The directions the paper could established will help in policy reform at State and Central levels. Special emphasis given on in-built lapses has implications in re-framing the schemes considering the feasibility of the local situations. Social implications – The work attempted at the present set-up where the institution's mainstream direction is focused towards technological inputs dissemination both at teaching and research levels, may draw attention equally for understanding the social relevance of technology and it's application in particular. Originality/value – The paper attempts to examine the intricacies involved in application of broad-base public-work programme in reality and suggested necessary corrections through adopting area-specific policies.

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Kang, Jing, Bailing Zhang, Junyi Zhang, and Anrong Dang. "Quantifying the Effects of Different Containment Policies on Urban NO2 Decline: Evidence from Remote Sensing and Ground-Station Data." Remote Sensing 15, no. 4 (February 15, 2023): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15041068.

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Cities exposed their vulnerabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Unprecedented policies restricted human activities but left a unique opportunity to quantify anthropogenic effects on urban air pollution. This study aimed to explore the underlying urban development issues behind these restrictions and support a sustainable transition. The data from ground stations and Sentinel-5P satellite were used to assess the temporal and spatial anomalies of NO2. Beijing China was selected for a case study because this mega city maintained a “dynamic zero-COVID” policy with adjusted restrictions, which allowed for better tracking of the effects. The time-series decomposition and prediction regression model were employed to estimate the normal NO2 levels in 2020. The deviation between the observations and predictions was identified and attributed to the policy interventions, and spatial stratified heterogeneity statistics were used to quantify the effects of different policies. Workplace closures (54.8%), restricted public transport usage (52.3%), and school closures (46.4%) were the top three restrictions that had the most significant impacts on NO2 anomalies. These restrictions were directly linked to mismatched employment and housing, educational inequality, and long-term road congestion issues. Promoting the transformation of urban spatial structures can effectively alleviate air pollution.

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Oettingen, Mikołaj, and Juyoul Kim. "Detection of Numerical Power Shift Anomalies in Burnup Modeling of a PWR Reactor." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 12, 2023): 3373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043373.

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This paper presents the detection and interpretation of numerical power density anomalies in the full-core PWR reactor model, developed at the level of RPV. The study shows that in the Monte Carlo neutron transport coupled with burnup modeling, power density anomalies may occur and should be carefully investigated. The power density anomalies originate from the initial core asymmetry due to different designs of top and bottom reflectors and non-uniform initial axial neutron flux distribution. The power density anomalies increase with increasing fuel burnup due to spatial changes in 135Xe concentrations and following power density redistribution along the reactor core. A method for anomaly detection for the semi-symmetric reactor core is proposed.

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Blane, David. "Real Wages, the Economic Cycle, and Mortality in England and Wales, 1870–1914." International Journal of Health Services 20, no. 1 (January 1990): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/kmrt-6d2x-ff0f-5xy4.

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The mortality rates of the various age groups within the population of England and Wales fell dramatically between 1870 and 1914, and this period has been used to examine McKeown's thesis of an inverse relationship between a population's mortality rate and its standard of living. Using real wages as a measure of living standards, McKeown's thesis is found to hold for most age groups for most of the period. Several anomalies are identified, however, and it is argued that these can best be reconciled with the original thesis by taking account of the economic cycle.

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