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Статті в журналах з теми "Police in Australia"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 лютого 2022

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1

Pamulatsih, Heni Yekti, and Anak Agung Banyu Perwita. "Bhayangkara and Platypus: The Cooperation between Indonesian National Police (Polri) and Australian Federal Police (AFP) in Dealing With Terrorism Threat in the Post of Lombok Treaty." Indonesian Perspective 5, no. 2 (September 17, 2020): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ip.v5i2.33957.

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Terrorism has become the utmost concern of many countries in the world including Indonesia and Australia. Indonesia and Australia have signed a security agreement on 13 November 2006, which was known as Lombok Treaty to promote security relations between the two countries. This article aimed to discuss the security cooperation between Indonesia and Australia especially between Indonesian National Police and Australian Federal Police cooperation in addressing terrorism threat in Indonesia. By using descriptive qualitative method, this article scrutinizes the implementation of security cooperation especially cooperation between Indonesian National Police (POLRI) and Australian Federal Police (AFP) during 2012-2017. It was found that the type and the nature of cooperation between the two police institution could be divided into several dimension. It covered to further build cybercrime investigation satellite office (CCISO), increase personnel capacity building, and promote intelligence exchange to address terrorism threat.

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2

Moulds, Lauren, Andrew Day, Richelle Mayshak, Helen Mildred, and Peter Miller. "Adolescent violence towards parents—Prevalence and characteristics using Australian Police Data." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 52, no. 2 (June 5, 2018): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865818781206.

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Adolescent violence toward parents is a unique form of family violence which for many, including police personnel, challenges traditional views of parent–child relationship, and raises questions about victimization. There has been minimal research in Australia to date in this area, and knowledge about both prevalence rates and the characteristics of offenders and victims remains limited. This exploratory study utilized police data from four Australian States to document prevalence rates of reported offenses to police, and the characteristics of adolescent violence toward parents in Australia. Between 1% and 7% of family violence reported to the police is adolescent violence toward parents. The “typical” perpetrator is a 15- to 17-year-old Caucasian young man who is generally violent toward his mother. Findings are limited by the differing police practice and policy variations between States, including the use of police discretion, leaving several questions open for further investigation. In conclusion, there is a need for change in policy and practice with regards how best to assess and respond to adolescent violence toward parents.

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3

Farr-Wharton, Ben, Geremy Farr-Wharton, Yvonne Brunetto, Rod Farr-Wharton, Matt Xerri, and Art Shriberg. "Social Networks, Problem-Solving, Managers: Police Officers in Australia and the USA." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 14, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 778–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pay095.

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Abstract This article compares the role of management on the effectiveness of social networks for police officers and implications for engagement using survey data from 575 police officers in the USA and 193 police officers in Australia. Analysis included capturing frequencies, correlations, ANOVAs, structural equation modelling (SEM) for quantitative data, and thematic analysis of the qualitative data. The findings show that 5% of police officer in the USA sample and 12% of police officer in Australian sample had no support for problem-solving; police officers in the USA had bigger social networks; the reasons given for not identifying their line manager as part of their social support included ‘the unapproachability of managers’ and ‘poor managers/bullying’ and SEM showed a significant relationship between perceived organizational support (from management), social networks, and employee engagement. The findings have implications for internal security (employee well-being and productivity) and external security (public safety).

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4

Small, Michael W., and Roger C. Watson. "Police Values and Police Misconduct: The Western Australia Police Service." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 72, no. 3 (July 1999): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x9907200305.

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5

Kaldas, N. "Australia and the Changing Terrorist Threat." Policing 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pam004.

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6

Lawson, Katrina J., John J. Rodwell, and Andrew J. Noblet. "Mental Health of a Police Force: Estimating Prevalence of Work-Related Depression in Australia without a Direct National Measure." Psychological Reports 110, no. 3 (June 2012): 743–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/01.02.13.17.pr0.110.3.743-752.

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The risk of work-related depression in Australia was estimated based on a survey of 631 police officers. Psychological wellbeing and psychological distress items were mapped onto a measure of depression to identify optimal cutoff points. Based on a sample of police officers, Australian workers, in general, are at risk of depression when general psychological wellbeing is considerably compromised. Large-scale estimation of work-related depression in the broader population of employed persons in Australia is reasonable. The relatively high prevalence of depression among police officers emphasizes the need to examine prevalence rates of depression among Australian employees.

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7

PRENZLER, TIM, and CAROL RONKEN. "Police Integrity Testing in Australia." Criminal Justice 1, no. 3 (August 2001): 319–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466802501001003004.

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8

Srinivasan, Nara, and Lydia Hearn. "Policing in a Multicultural Society: A Changing Society, a Changing Police Culture?" International Journal of Police Science & Management 3, no. 4 (October 2001): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146135570100300404.

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For many years Australia has been known for its all-white policy, but in recent years the government has undertaken a series of radical measures to improve ‘access' and ‘equity’ of all groups living in Australia — a process which has involved improving the ability of government bodies to understand the intricate relations which arise within a multicultural society so that they can better attend to the different values and needs of the various groups. In this paper, the authors look at an innovative, proactive programme entitled ‘Policing in a multicultural community’ set up by the Western Australian Police Service, the Department of Multicultural Affairs, the Ethnic Communities Council and Edith Cowan University, in coordination with the Northern Suburbs Migrant Resource Centre. The programme is based on the premise that ‘only through understanding people's needs, expectations and fears can compatibility between police and society be achieved’. The findings of this comprehensive evaluation showed that by fostering a sense of partnership it is possible to achieve significant impacts in terms of promoting an understanding of cultural diversity among police officers, and overcoming issues which in the past have prevented ethnic minority groups from accessing police services.

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9

Shircore, Mandy. "Police Liability for Negligent Investigations: When Will a Duty of Care Arise?" Deakin Law Review 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2006vol11no1art226.

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<p>In 1988 in Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire, the House of Lords denied a duty of care was owed by police to a victim of a serial murderer. The case was interpreted as immunity from negligence actions for police when involved in the suppression and investigation of crime’. Recent cases in Australia and the United Kingdom have confirmed that while blanket immunity from negligence actions for police involved in investigatory functions does not exist, plaintiffs alleging negligence will face considerable difficulties establishing a duty of care was owed. The recent cases provide an opportunity to re-examine the appropriate tests to apply in determining the existence and scope of police duty of care and to reassess the policy grounds underlying the decisions. In doing so the article argues that Australian courts should avoid the UK approach of applying a<br />broad exclusionary rule particular to police, as sufficient safeguards already exist in the Australian High Court’s duty of care formulation for public authorities.</p>

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10

Mann, Monique. "New public management and the ‘business’ of policing organised crime in Australia." Criminology & Criminal Justice 17, no. 4 (October 26, 2016): 382–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895816671384.

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The globalisation of new public management (NPM) across OECD countries had a profound impact on the administration and management of policing policy and practice. The ideologies of NPM were enthusiastically embraced in Australia in response to high-level corruption with mixed results. This article draws on interviews with senior Australian federal police to explore the policing of organised crime in the context of NPM. Emerging themes concerned the requirement to make the ‘business case’ for resources on the basis of strategic intelligence, recognition of the complexities associated with performance measurement and institutional competition as agencies vie for limited public resources. This article questions the discursive practices of NPM policing and raises questions about notions of ‘accountability’ and ‘transparency’ for effective police approaches to organised crime.

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11

MacAndrew, Margaret, Elizabeth Beattie, Dubhglas Taylor, Jim Whitehead, and John Quinn. "Health Professionals' Knowledge of how to Report a Missing Person With Dementia: A National Survey." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.204.

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Abstract In Australia one in five land searches conducted by Police involve a person with dementia. Over a third of these people go missing from a health care service and 15% are not found alive. Delays in commencing a specialised search for the missing person with dementia contributes to the risk of death. Delays in Police searching may result from ambiguity in current policies about how to report a missing patient/client. This study aimed to explore health professional’s knowledge about how to report a missing person with dementia and reasons for delayed reports to Police. 246 Australian health professionals completed an online survey. Most were registered nurses (n=124), allied health professionals (n=69) and medical practitioners (n=22) who worked in a range of settings including acute care (n=111), community care (n=59) and residential aged care (n=44). Over a third (n=81) did not know their care service policy for reporting a missing patient/client and did not know if their health service had a policy specific to reporting a missing person with dementia. 20% did not know how long they needed to wait before reporting a missing person to Police and fear of calling Police too soon or wasting their time were common reasons for delaying a report. These findings confirm a degree of misunderstanding about current policy and procedures for reporting a missing person with dementia. Addressing knowledge deficits and standardising approaches to reporting a missing person with dementia in Australia would be recommended as a step toward improving their health outcomes.

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12

Wortley, Richard. "Book Review: Police Leadership in Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 29, no. 2 (August 1996): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589602900211.

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13

Bryett, Keith. "The Preparation of Police Recruits, Queensland Style." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 65, no. 1 (January 1992): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x9206500108.

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The preparation of recruit police officers has become an issue in those countries whose police services have evolved from the British model. In Australia, a variety of arrangements exist. These include education and training centred around police academies with academically qualified civilian and police staff, some of whom are academically qualified and others who are not, depending on the nature of their role. These academies are invariably, and not surprisingly, controlled by police officers. At the other end of the scale, the Australian Federal Police now has prospective recruits, who are not yet employees, in many Australian universities undergoing undergraduate studies. The aim being to recruit graduates. The Queensland Police Service has opted for a middle-of-the-road part university, part academy, approach as a means to satisfying as many perceived requirements as possible.

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14

Dandurand, Yvon. "Police integrity management in Australia: global lessons for combatting police misconduct." Police Practice and Research 19, no. 3 (December 13, 2017): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2017.1415733.

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15

Finnane, Mark. "Police corruption and police reform: The Fitzgerald inquiry in Queensland, Australia." Policing and Society 1, no. 2 (September 1990): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1990.9964611.

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16

Roffey, Paul, and Michelle Gahan. "Responses to Security Sensitive Biological Agents (SSBA) risks by the Australian Federal Police." Microbiology Australia 41, no. 3 (2020): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma20034.

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As Australia’s national law enforcement agency the Australia Federal Police (AFP) plays a number of roles, broadly grouped under intelligence and investigation, in supporting a whole of government approach to responding to, and mitigating, risks from Security Sensitive Biological Agents (SSBA). The AFP is responsible for coordinating the investigation of national and transnational crimes, which includes acts of bioterrorism, and preventing, countering and responding to attacks in Australia and on Australian interests overseas. This paper provides an overview of the responses to SSBA risks by the AFP.

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17

Whitting, Laura, Andrew Day, and Martine Powell. "Police officer perspectives on the implementation of a sex offender community notification scheme." International Journal of Police Science & Management 18, no. 4 (September 28, 2016): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461355716668539.

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Community notification statutes, popularly known as ‘Megan’s Law’, were passed in rapid succession throughout the United States following the enactment of landmark legislation in the state of Washington in 1990. Calls for the adoption of similar legislation in Australia gained momentum following the introduction of ‘limited disclosure’ schemes in the United Kingdom and, in 2012, one Australian state introduced a limited form of community notification. This study presents an analysis of in-depth interviews with specialist police officers ( N=21) who are responsible for coordinating the ongoing management, registration and monitoring of sex offenders who live in the community in this jurisdiction to understand their perspectives on the scheme’s implementation. Systematic thematic analysis revealed that the officers were particularly interested in understanding the impact that notification has on offenders, victims and the broader community, and the police agency. The practice-based wisdom distilled from these interviews is used to inform a discussion about the more widespread implementation of this type of public policy both in Australia and in other countries that may be giving this consideration.

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18

Morgan, Matthew. "Police Responses to Persons with Mental Illness: The Policy and Procedures Manual of One Australian Police Agency and ‘Procedural Justice Policy’." Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020042.

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Persons with mental illness (PWMI) often report negative perceptions of police treatment following receiving criminalising and heavy-handed police responses. To appropriately control officer discretion and to harness ethical, legal, and efficient police practice when encountering vulnerable and diverse individuals, police agencies across the world issue policy documents to their officers. These documents serve as a reflection regarding how police agencies aspire to manage PWMI in the community. Using a procedural justice framework, this research measures how a large police agency in Australia aspires to manage PWMI and whether the police policy document provides sufficient detail in advocating the appropriate and just police treatment of PWMI. A content analysis of the policy document revealed a lack of sufficient procedural guidelines in effectively controlling police officer discretion when encountering PWMI in the community. This article argues that without further consolidation to embed appropriate procedural guidelines into the policy document, the procedural policy gaps may have a negative effect on the experiences of PWMI when encountering the police.

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19

Gordon, Robert M., Rob White, and Christine Alder. "The Police and Young People in Australia." Pacific Affairs 68, no. 4 (1995): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2761311.

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20

Coventry, Garry, Rob White, and Christine Alder. "The Police and Young People in Australia." Contemporary Sociology 24, no. 4 (July 1995): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2077677.

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21

Prenzler, Tim. "The evolution of police oversight in Australia." Policing and Society 21, no. 3 (September 2011): 284–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2011.570866.

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22

Bargen, Jenny. "The Police and Young People in Australia." Current Issues in Criminal Justice 6, no. 1 (July 1994): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10345329.1994.12036643.

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23

Baker, D. "From Batons to Negotiated Management: The Transformation of Policing Industrial Disputes in Australia." Policing 1, no. 4 (November 7, 2007): 390–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pam053.

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24

Vallins, Nina. "Police responses to family violence: Recasting a duty of care." Alternative Law Journal 42, no. 1 (March 2017): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x17694781.

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This article explores the issue of police liability in negligence for failing to protect victims of crime. UK courts have held that police, in the course of investigation or suppression of a crime, do not have a duty of care to individuals. The law in Australia, however, is unsettled. The author discusses cases where police have failed to protect victims of family violence and finds that public policy reasons for granting police immunity from suit are unsatisfactory and unjust.

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25

Blagg, Harry, and Chris Pac-Soo. "Review: Police Integrity Management in Australia: Global Lessons for Combating Police Misconduct." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 86, no. 1 (March 2013): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/pojo.2013.86.1.611.

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26

Cullen, Hayley J., Lisanne Adam, and Celine van Golde. "Evidence-based policing in Australia: an examination of the appropriateness and transparency of lineup identification and investigative interviewing practices." International Journal of Police Science & Management 23, no. 1 (March 2021): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14613557211004618.

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Psychological research has been pivotal in influencing the way police forces globally approach and undertake criminal investigations. Increasing psychological research in recent years has led to the development of best-practice guidelines for conducting police investigations, across a number of key areas of criminal investigation. For example, procedures for creating and conducting lineups as recommended by the American Psychology-Law Society, and the UK-developed PEACE model for investigative interviewing, have both been of influence in Australia. However, the extent to which these evidence-based recommendations have been incorporated into policing practice within Australia is unclear. In this article, we conducted an exploratory review of publicly available policing documents within Australian states and territories, to determine the extent to which best practice lineup identification and investigative interviewing procedures have been adopted into police practice. The review revealed that for lineup identification procedures, many of the basic recommendations for conducting lineups were not incorporated into publicly available policing manuals. For investigative interviewing, it appeared on the surface that elements of the PEACE model were implemented within most Australian jurisdictions, albeit this was often not explicitly stated within policing documents. A key issue identified was a lack of (understandable) public transparency of policing procedure, as a number of Australian jurisdictions failed to have publicly available policing manuals or handbooks against which to evaluate their procedures. Therefore, we argue that there is a need for better collaboration between researchers and law enforcement in order to achieve evidence-based, transparent policing within Australia.

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27

Fleming, J., and J. O'Reilly. "The 'Small-scale Initiative'; the Rhetoric and the Reality of Community Policing in Australia." Policing 1, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pam023.

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28

Harper, Shannon, Angela Gover, Samara McPhedran, and Paul Mazerolle. "Assessing cross-national differences in police officers' domestic violence attitudes." Policing: An International Journal 43, no. 3 (May 4, 2020): 469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-12-2019-0197.

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PurposeComparative research provides a mechanism to understand how justice systems throughout the world operate. McPhedran et al. (2017) conducted a comparative examination of police officer attitudes about domestic violence (DV) in the USA and Australia and reported fairly high levels of agreement among male and female officers within each country. The current study builds on these findings by examining officer attitudes toward DV among male and female officers cross-nationally. This was accomplished by examining whether American and Australian male and female officers agree with one another on a number of DV issues.Design/methodology/approachTwo-way ANOVA was used to examine the effect of two factors (gender and country) on law enforcement officer attitudes about DV.FindingsThe results suggest that male and female officers from the USA and Australia significantly differ on 14 of 24 attitudes about DV with the greatest number of attitudinal differences found between American and Australian male officers.Research limitations/implicationsScholars who conduct future research examining police officer attitudes about DV should use the instrument from this study as a springboard to develop an updated survey in terms of content and one that would be applicable to cross-national analyses. Methodological study limitations are described in depth in McPhedran et al. (2017).Originality/valueWhile gender differences in attitudes have received scholarly attention, questions remain regarding the degree to which attitudes align among male and female officers across different countries. The current study seeks to fill these gaps in knowledge by examining attitudes about DV between American and Australian law enforcement officers.

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McPhedran, Samara, Angela R. Gover, and Paul Mazerolle. "A cross-national comparison of police attitudes about domestic violence: a focus on gender." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 40, no. 2 (May 15, 2017): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-06-2016-0083.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold. The first goal is to conduct a cross-national examination of law enforcement officer attitudes about domestic violence (DV) by comparing officer attitudes in the USA to officer attitudes in Australia. The second goal is to examine law enforcement officer attitudes about DV using a gender lens to identify whether patterns in attitudes among male and female officers in the USA are similar to those among Australian male and female law enforcement officers. Design/methodology/approach The current study involves a comparative analysis of DV attitudes in two different countries (the USA and Australia). Officers in the USA were asked to indicate their level agreement with 28 attitudinal statements about DV. The Australian survey adapted the Gover et al. (2011) instrument by including 24 of the 28 attitudinal statements. The survey followed a mixed-methods design with both quantitative and qualitative components. Bivariate analyses were conducted to determine whether attitudes varied by country and gender of the responding officers. Analyses of attitudinal questions and categorical variables (e.g. gender) were conducted using t-tests. Findings According to survey data gathered from police officers in Colorado (USA) and Queensland (Australia), male and female officer attitudes within each country are more similar than different. When comparing the overall sample of American officer attitudes to Australian officer attitudes, they significantly differ about half the time. Research limitations/implications The Australian survey had a considerably low response rate, and therefore it cannot be stated with certainty whether the responses given are truly representative of the views of Australian officers as a whole, although the demographic characteristics of the sample were comparable with the overall police population demographics. Another limitation is that not all demographic and background variables were collected by both surveys. For example, the US survey asked about officers’ ethnicity, while the Australian survey did not, and the Australian survey asked about how many DV jobs officers attended per month, while the US survey did not. Practical implications Improving knowledge about police attitudes towards DV can help to inform future policy or practice implementation, as well as training programmes and better overall responses to the pervasive and ongoing problem of DV internationally. Originality/value This is a unique and original piece of research as it is a partial cross-national replication of an existing survey. This work does have the potential for great impact in understanding and developing innovative law enforcement responses to DV. In developing such responses officer attitudes need to be considered and integrated into the response, as their opinions will guide the support of future interventions.

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Briskman, Linda. "The Creeping Blight of Islamophobia in Australia." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 4, no. 3 (October 5, 2015): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v4i3.244.

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In the latter months of 2014, following events in faraway Iraq and Syria, Australia responded forcefully at home. The manufactured fear of a terrorist attack resulted in police raids, increased counter-terrorism legislation and scare campaigns to alert the public to 'threat'. Although Islamophobia rose in Australia after 2001 it has been latent in recent years. It is on the rise again with collateral damage from government measures including verbal and physical attacks on Australian Muslims. Vitriol is also directed at asylum seekers and refugees. Media, government and community discourses converge to promote Islam as dangerous and deviant.

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31

Hope, Cat, Nat Grant, Gabriella Smart, and Tristen Parr. "TOWARDS THE SUMMERS NIGHT: A MENTORING PROJECT FOR AUSTRALIAN COMPOSERS IDENTIFYING AS WOMEN." Tempo 74, no. 292 (March 6, 2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298219001177.

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AbstractThe Summers Night Project is an ongoing composer-mentoring programme established in 2018 by musicians Cat Hope and Gabriella Smart, with the support of the Perth-based new music organisation Tura New Music. The project aims to support and mentor emerging Australian female and gender minority composers to create new compositions for performance, with the aim of growing the gender diversity of composers in music programmes across Australia. Three composers were chosen from a national call for submissions, and works were performed by an ensemble consisting of members from the Decibel and Soundstream new music ensembles. Three new works were workshopped, recorded then performed on a short tour of Perth, Adelaide and Melbourne, Australia in July 2018. The project takes its name and inspiration from Australian feminist Anne Summers, author of the ground-breaking examination of women in Australia's history Damned Whores and God's Police (1975) and was inspired by her 2017 Women's Manifesto. This article examines the rationale for such a project, the processes and results of the project itself, and plans for its future.

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32

Hughes, Caitlin E., Alison Ritter, Kari Lancaster, and Robert Hoppe. "Understanding policy persistence—The case of police drug detection dog policy in NSW, Australia." International Journal of Drug Policy 44 (June 2017): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.03.007.

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33

den Heyer, Garth, and Alan Beckley. "Police independent oversight in Australia and New Zealand." Police Practice and Research 14, no. 2 (April 2013): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2013.767093.

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34

Dupont, Benoît. "The new face of police governance in Australia." Journal of Australian Studies 27, no. 78 (January 2003): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443050309387867.

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35

Miller, Seumas. "Book Review: Police Integrity Management in Australia: Global Lessons for Combating Police Misconduct." International Criminal Justice Review 23, no. 3 (July 30, 2013): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567713497484.

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Poetrie, Sandy Tieas Rahmana. "DISKRIMINASI IMIGRAN KULIT PUTIH BERWARNA DALAM MASA KEBIJAKAN MULTIKULTURALISME PASCA PENGHAPUSAN WHITE AUSTRALIAN POLICY." Lakon : Jurnal Kajian Sastra dan Budaya 2, no. 1 (August 24, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/lakon.v2i1.1909.

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AbstractThis paper concern on the multiculturalism in Australia related to the immigration policy. Since the application of “White Australia Policy” which makes some restriction to people from other countries who are considered as different color and non-English speakers to come to Australia ended in 1907, the government attempts to eliminate the discrimination treatments to them all. This paper employs descriptive essay which was aimed to describe more aboutAustralian multiculturalism after the end of “White Australia Policy”. The technique of data collection was literary study from some sources like journals and some news from internet. The writer took three cases have ever happenedrelated to the multiculturalism in Australia to analyse the application of immigrants policy after “White Australia Policy” annulment. Those are Arabians beating in Sydney coast by Neo-Nazi, discrimination against Muslim minorityand Africans by police in Victoria, and also Muslim demonstration because of Muhammad humiliation. The study revealed that “White Australia Policy” still can not completely be eliminated. Those three cases, it shows that there arestill many discrimination treatments against coloured immigrants; on the other hand the government is still trying to implement a multiculturalism policy.

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Ryan, Cheryl, and Tracey Ollis. "Disembodied police practice: “Keep a lid on it so you can function”." Policy Futures in Education 17, no. 2 (August 14, 2018): 266–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478210318791679.

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This paper explores disembodiment and policing in an Australian police jurisdiction – we call ‘Conundrum ’. This narrative research on police education uncovers the tensions and disembodied practices of police and the daily dilemmas that police experience working in the new era of professional policing. Police officers’ educational experiences are at odds with contemporary notions and practices of lifelong learning, workplace learning and reflexive practice. This research draws attention to the inherent difficulty that police face today as they learn to ‘manage their emotions’ in response to different forms of risk, uncertainty and instability, underscored by the longstanding ‘habitus’ in the ‘field’ of policing. This emotional work impacts on police identity and is a cost to the ‘self’ as police increasingly disconnect from their work, their colleagues and themselves. We argue that an urgent review of police education and training in Australia is needed to move from the practice-based reproduction of cultural and applied learning traditions to a more holistic education program that focuses on metacognition, reflexive practice and critical cognition.

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Schermuly, Allegra Clare, and Helen Forbes-Mewett. "Police legitimacy: perspectives of migrants and non-migrants in Australia." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-08-2018-0025.

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Purpose This paper is drawn from a larger study investigating community perceptions of police legitimacy in the Monash Local Government Area (LGA), in the Australian state of Victoria. Monash had seen declining results in the official government survey in the indicators that assessed police legitimacy over the preceding decade. The purpose of this paper is to explore the perceptions of both migrant and non-migrant participants to understand the role of migrant status in influencing assessments of police legitimacy in Monash LGA. Design/methodology/approach Through six focus groups, 18 interviews and one e-mail response with 31 individuals, perceptions of Victoria Police among the communities of Monash were collated and analysed. Findings One of the key findings of the study was that ethnic diversity and/or migrant status of community members were a key factor raised in response to questions about community perceptions of the legitimacy of Victoria Police in Monash LGA. Demographic change had been significant in Monash LGA over the preceding decade, including increasing ethnic diversity in the population and a shift in migration patterns from predominantly European to migrants from East and South Asia. In this paper, the authors suggest that the migrant status of Monash residents was a key factor that both migrant and non-migrant participants thought influenced perceptions of the police. Accordingly, because migrants make up a significant cohort of Australia’s population, we afford due attention to this previously overlooked topic. Practical implications The practical implications of this paper are as follows: existing Victoria Police partnerships in the Monash community should be continued and expanded where possible; Victoria Police should also prioritise partnerships with large, new migrant communities, for example, Monash’s Chinese communities; orientation for new migrants to Victoria around the criminal justice system, including Victoria Police, would help new migrants be more aware of their rights and what to expect of law enforcement in their new host country; police should continue to increase representation of ethnic diversity in the force via recruitment of greater numbers of ethnically diverse police members. Originality/value Although there have been previous Australian studies on migrant status as a factor in perceptions of criminal justice (see Murphy and Cherney, 2011, 2012; Hong Chui and Kwok-Yin Cheng, 2014), the paper identifies a distinct narrative around migrants’ views of Victoria Police which the authors believe warrant further investigation using an example from a local context. Furthermore, most research in this field has been quantitative. The current study provides additional new insights through an in-depth qualitative approach.

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Taylor, Nicholas, Kerri Coomber, Richelle Mayshak, Renee Zahnow, Jason Ferris, and Peter Miller. "The Impact of Liquor Restrictions on Serious Assaults across Queensland, Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 8, 2019): 4362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224362.

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Aims: This study aimed to explore the relationship between a 00:00 liquor restriction, introduced on 1 July 2016, and alcohol-related harm by examining its impact on serious assault numbers during high-alcohol hours (20:00–6:00 Friday and Saturday night), from 1 January 2009 to 30 June 2018. Methods: Two types of locations only impacted by the liquor restriction were identified: designated safe night precincts (SNPs) and other local government areas (LGAs). A times series autoregressive integrated moving average analysis was used to estimate the influence of liquor restrictions on police-recorded serious assaults in the two years following the policy introduction, for SNPs and LGAs separately. Results: Contrarily to our predictions, monthly police-recorded serious assaults did not significantly change within SNPs or LGAs following the introduction of liquor restrictions. Conclusion: The implementation of the Queensland liquor restriction did not result in a clear, unique reduction in serious assault trends. Further investigation should consider the impact of liquor restrictions in conjunction with other policy changes as public perception of restrictions and their cumulative impact may produce varied outcomes.

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Segrave, Marie, Dean Wilson, and Kate Fitz-Gibbon. "Policing intimate partner violence in Victoria (Australia): Examining police attitudes and the potential of specialisation." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 51, no. 1 (November 24, 2016): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865816679686.

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The adequacy of police responses to intimate partner violence has long animated scholarly debate, review and legislative change. While there have been significant shifts in community recognition of and concern about intimate partner violence, particularly in the wake of the Victorian Royal Commission into Family Violence, it nonetheless remains a significant form of violence and harm across Australian communities and a key issue for police, as noted in the report and recommendations of the Royal Commission. This article draws on findings from semi-structured interviews (n = 163) with police in Victoria and pursues two key inter-related arguments. The first is that police attitudes towards incidents of intimate partner violence remain overwhelmingly negative. Despite innovations in policy and training, we suggest that this consistent dissatisfaction with intimate partner violence incidents as a policing task indicates a significant barrier, possibly insurmountable, to attempts to reform the policing of intimate partner violence via force-wide initiatives and the mobilisation of general duties for this purpose. Consequently, our second argument is that specialisation via a commitment to dedicated intimate partner violence units – implemented more consistently and comprehensively than Victoria Police has to date – extends the greatest promise for effective policing of intimate partner violence in the future.

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Cherney, Adrian, and Wing Hong Chui. "Police auxiliaries in Australia: police liaison officers and the dilemmas of being part of the police extended family." Policing and Society 20, no. 3 (September 2010): 280–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2010.505286.

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Stewart, Anna Louise, and Frances Smith. "Youth justice conferencing and police referrals: The gatekeeping role of police in Queensland, Australia." Journal of Criminal Justice 32, no. 4 (July 2004): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2004.04.005.

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43

Rowse, Tim, and Emma Waterton. "The ‘difficult heritage’ of the Native Mounted Police." Memory Studies 13, no. 4 (May 10, 2018): 737–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698018766385.

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This article intervenes in the debate about whether and how the ‘Frontier Wars’ should be represented in Australia’s military heritage. If they were to be represented, those who resisted British colonial occupation would figure as Aboriginal patriots in a renovated heritage of Australian service to country. We point out, however, that certain historical actors have been, so far (and perhaps forever), excluded from such a revised Indigenous military heritage: those Aboriginal peoples who ‘served’ in the Native Mounted Police. While the archival record is patchy, scholarship tells us that, in their pacification of frontiers, the Native Mounted Police killed many Aboriginal peoples. Interrogating the meaning of war heritage in Australia, we discuss the politics of forgetting against the obligations of historiography to collective memory and ask: must scholarship always interrogate identity-sustaining myth, in service to the truth? To explore this question, we adopt Sharon Macdonald’s concept of ‘difficult heritage’.

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Finnane, Mark. "Police Unions in Australia: a History of the Present." Current Issues in Criminal Justice 12, no. 1 (July 2000): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2000.12036174.

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Elfes, Angeleke, and Philip Birch. "Sex trafficking and the role of state police within Australia." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 1, no. 2 (June 8, 2015): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-10-2014-0004.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine operational policing practice with reference to reducing sex trafficking. Design/methodology/approach – This is a qualitative study in which in-depth structured interviews were conducted with state police officers in one state of Australia. Findings – The paper reveals that state police officers have a good understanding of sex trafficking and are involved in reactive policing methods in order to reduce this crime type. The data set yields a limitation in proactive policing methods for reducing sex trafficking, primarily due to human and financial resources and the composition of state and federal laws and policing practices in Australia. Those interviewed also noted how sex trafficking can disguise itself as legitimate sex work. Research limitations/implications – The effectiveness in operational practice at the local, national and international level in reducing sex trafficking can be enhanced through a more co-ordinated response to the problem. Recognition of better communication strategies and partnership working can support a reduction in sex trafficking as well as allowing those who are trafficked the status of “victim”. Practical implications – To ensure those who are trafficked for sexual servitude are viewed and treated as victims within the law. To review how state police forces in Australia are resourced in order to proactively address sex trafficking. To ensure state police forces can engage in more proactive policing initiatives in order to prevent sex trafficking. Reflect on examples of good practice between federal and state police forces in Australia to implement a co-ordinated approach for combatting sex trafficking. Originality/value – This is one of just a few studies examining organised crime from the perspective of law enforcement personnel within Australia.

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Konstantinovic-Vilic, Slobodanka, and Nevena Petrusic. "Police response to domestic violence: Theoretical framework and foreign experiences." Temida 8, no. 1 (2005): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0501003k.

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This paper is dedicated to recognizing police work and intervention in the cases of domestic violence. Keeping in mind the relationship between the offender and the victim in the cases of domestic violence, seriousness of the consequences, as well as the fact that, during the intervention, police is the first state agency which ?disturbs? the sphere of family privacy, it is very important to study the way police is reacting, establish the degree of its efficiency and explore the factors that determine the efficiency of police intervention. The paper points out the policy of police response to domestic violence in some foreign systems (Great Britain, USA, Australia). Particular attention is paid to consideration of activities police is dealing with while collecting the data on the violence, victim and the offender, the way police is reacting in order to prevent new violence, as well as the responsibility and aims police has during the intervention.

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Carabetta, Giuseppe. "Police Bargaining Disputes and Third-Party Intervention in Australia: Which Way Forward?" Deakin Law Review 18, no. 1 (August 1, 2013): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2013vol18no1art58.

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The essential duties that police officers perform, and the absence of a right to strike, creates the need for an effective, impartial procedure for the resolution of bargaining disputes. This article argues that, with the shift of focus under the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) to good-faith bargaining, police officers have been left without an effective dispute resolution mechanism, partly because of the limitations on arbitration but also because of uncertainties surrounding the scope of the ‘protected action’ provisions of the Act for police officers. Following a review of police pay-setting arrangements in comparable jurisdictions, this article examines and proposes options for an alternative model, including a mandatory ‘final-offer’ arbitration (‘FOA’) model as used for police bargaining in Canada, New Zealand and the United States. Research shows that — aside from providing an effective closure mechanism for bargaining disputes where strikes or lock-outs are unavailable — mandatory FOA offers a range of benefits to police bargaining, and could provide an ideal ‘fit’ for the current bargaining-centred system. The article’s findings are of significance not only to police officers, but to all emergency services workers covered by the Fair Work bargaining regime.

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Atkinson, Lynn. "Aboriginal Youth, Police and the Juvenile Justice System in Western Australia." Children Australia 18, no. 1 (1993): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200003278.

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The first section of the paper makes some observations about young people, crime and the police, and the particular vulnerability of Aboriginal youth coming to the attention of the police. Two issues, the maintenance of public order and juvenile offending, provide the framework for the discussion here. The second section looks at the nexus between the pre-trial conference - a recent innovation in the Children's Court in Perth - police prosecutors, and Aboriginal youth.

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McEwan, Troy E., Stuart Bateson, and Susanne Strand. "Improving police risk assessment and management of family violence through a collaboration between law enforcement, forensic mental health and academia." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 3, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-01-2017-0004.

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Purpose Police play an essential role in reducing harms associated with family violence by identifying people at increased risk of physical or mental health-related harm and linking them with support services. Yet police are often poorly trained and resourced to conduct the kind of assessments necessary to identify family violence cases presenting with increased risk. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper describes a multi-project collaboration between law enforcement, forensic mental health, and academia that has over three years worked to improve risk assessment and management of family violence by police in Victoria, Australia. Findings Evaluation of existing risk assessment instruments used by the state-wide police force showed they were ineffective in predicting future police reports of family violence (AUC=0.54-0.56). However, the addition of forensic psychology expertise to specialist family violence teams increased the number of risk management strategies implemented by police, and suggested that the Brief Spousal Assault Form for the Evaluation of Risk assessment instrument may be appropriate for use by Australian police (AUC=0.63). Practical implications The practical implications of this study are as follows: police risk assessment procedures should be subject to independent evaluation to determine whether they are performing as intended; multidisciplinary collaboration within police units can improve police practice; drawing on expertise from agencies external to police offers a way to improve evidence-based policing, and structured professional judgement risk assessment can be used in policing contexts with appropriate training and support. Originality/value The paper describes an innovative collaboration between police, mental health, and academia that is leading to improved police practices in responding to family violence. It includes data from the first evaluation of an Australian risk assessment instrument for family violence, and describes methods of improving police systems for responding to family violence.

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Corns, Chris. "Lawyers and Police: An Uneasy Marriage in the National Crime Authority's Fight against Organised Crime." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 25, no. 3 (December 1992): 231–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589202500303.

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A central feature of new law enforcement agencies, established specifically to combat organised crime in Australia, is their use of internal multi-disciplinary investigation teams. This strategy can be seen as mirroring the structure and modus operandi of the targeted criminal activity. One of the first law enforcement agencies in Australia to 'collectivise' legal and policing skills has been the National Crime Authority. However, aspects of the legal and police 'sub-cultures' are structurally and ideologically inconsistent creating the potential for significant intra-organisational conflict. This article explores the nature and significance of 'cultural clashes' between lawyers and police within the National Crime Authority, and describes a number of unique legal problems arising from the cross-jurisdictional deployment of police officers on secondment to the National Crime Authority. The article argues that in the context of organised crime, sub-cultural dimensions of law enforcement has been a neglected area within criminological research and policy making. The article argues that organisational sub-cultures have limited the capacity of law enforcement agencies to fulfil their junctions and suggests a number of reforms.

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