Готові списки джерел за темами / POLARIZER COMPONENTS

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "POLARIZER COMPONENTS"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "POLARIZER COMPONENTS"

Yuan, Yi, Jun Ding, Chao Huang, Xia Ma, Xun Qu, and Chenjiang Guo. "Broadband Linear to Circular Polarizer Based on Multilayer Frequency-Selective Surface." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2023 (March 21, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8624191.

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In this work, a transmission polarizer is described by using a frequency-selective surface to transform linearly polarized waves into circularly polarized waves. The linear to circular (LTC) polarizer consists of four layers. Two types of unit cells are designed in the LTC polarizer to improve design freedom. As a result, two orthogonal polarized components of transmission waves display nearly 90° phase differences while maintaining nearly high transparency for the generation of CPWs. The less than 3 dB axial ratio with a fractional width of over 76.8% from 9.20 to 20.67 GHz for this LTC polarizer is obtained. Even when the incident angle reaches 20°, its operating frequency band covers 9.69 to 20.21 GHz. Compared with the converters proposed before, the one proposed in this paper has a wider bandwidth. In order to evaluate the design strategy, a prototype is manufactured and tested. The results of the simulation and the experiment are in good accord.

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Mangi, Farman Ali, Shaoqiu Xiao, Ghulam Ali Mallah, Deedar Ali Jamro, Imran Memon, and Ghulam Fatima Kakepoto. "Multiband Circular Polarizer Based on Fission Transmission of Linearly Polarized Wave forX-Band Applications." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4293089.

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A multiband circular polarizer based on fission transmission of linearly polarized wave forx-band application is proposed, which is constructed of 2 × 2 metallic strips array. The linear-to-circular polarization conversion is obtained by decomposing the linearly incidentx-polarized wave into two orthogonal vector components of equal amplitude and 90° phase difference between them. The innovative approach of “fission transmission of linear-to-circular polarized wave” is firstly introduced to obtain giant circular dichroism based on decomposition of orthogonal vector components through the structure. It means that the incident linearly polarized wave is converted into two orthogonal components through lower printed metallic strips layer and two transmitted waves impinge on the upper printed strips layer to convert into four orthogonal vector components at the end of structure. This projection and transmission sequence of orthogonal components sustain the chain transmission of electromagnetic wave and can achieve giant circular dichroism. Theoretical analysis and microwave experiments are presented to validate the performance of the structure. The measured results are in good agreement with simulation results. In addition, the proposed circular polarizer exhibits the optimal performance with respect to the normal incidence. The right handed circularly polarized wave is emitted ranging from 10.08 GHz to 10.53 GHz and 10.78 GHz to 11.12 GHz, while the left handed circular polarized wave is excited at 10.54 GHz–10.70 GHz and 11.13 GHz–11.14 GHz, respectively.

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Guo, Zhengfeng, Honggang Gu, Yali Yu, Zhongming Wei, and Shiyuan Liu. "Broadband and Incident-Angle-Modulation Near-Infrared Polarizers Based on Optically Anisotropic SnSe." Nanomaterials 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010134.

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Анотація:

Optical anisotropy offers an extra degree of freedom to dynamically and reversibly regulate polarizing optical components, such as polarizers, without extra energy consumption and with high modulating efficiency. In this paper, we theoretically and numerically design broadband and incident-angle-modulation near-infrared polarizers, based on the SnSe, whose optical anisotropy is quantitatively evaluated by the complete dielectric tensor, complex refractive index tensor, and derived birefringence (~|Δn|max = 0.4) and dichroism (~|Δk|max = 0.4). The bandwidth of a broadband polarizer is 324 nm, from 1262 nm to 1586 nm, with an average extinction ratio above 23 dB. For the incident-angle-modulation near-infrared polarizer, the high incident angles dynamically and reversibly modulate its working wavelength with a maximum extinction ratio of 71 dB. Numerical simulations and theoretical calculations reveal that the considerable absorption for p light and continuously and relatively low absorption of s light lead to the broadband polarizer, while the incident-angle-modulation one mainly arises from the blue shift of corresponding wavelength of p light’s minimum reflectance. The proposed novel design of polarizers based on SnSe are likely to be mass-produced and integrated into an on-chip system, which opens up a new thought to design polarizing optical components by utilizing other low-symmetry materials.

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Jiang, Yannan, Jing Zhao, and Jiao Wang. "Reconfigurable Polarizer Based on Bulk Dirac Semimetal Metasurface." Crystals 10, no. 3 (March 21, 2020): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10030228.

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In this paper, we propose a reflective polarizer in terahertz regime, which utilizes the Bulk-Dirac-Semimetal (BDS) metasurface can be dynamically tuned in broadband. The proposed polarizer is capable of converting the linear polarized wave into the circular polarized or the cross polarized waves by adjusting the Fermi energy (EF) of the BDS. In the frequency range of 0.51 THz and 1.06 THz, the incident linear polarized wave is converted into a circular polarized wave with an axial ratio (AR) less than 3 dB when EF = 30 meV. When EF = 45 meV, the cross-polarization conversion is achieved with the polarization conversion ratio (PCR) greater than 90% in the band of 0.57−1.12 THz. Meanwhile, the conversion efficiencies for both polarization conversions are in excess of 90%. Finally, the physical mechanism is revealed by the decomposition of two orthogonal components and the verification is presented by the interference theory.

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Ji, Ruonan, Chuan Jin, Kun Song, Shao-Wei Wang, and Xiaopeng Zhao. "Design of Multifunctional Janus Metasurface Based on Subwavelength Grating." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11041034.

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In this paper, a Janus metasurface is designed by breaking the structural symmetry based on the polarization selection property of subwavelength grating. The structure comprises three layers: a top layer having a metallic nanostructure, a dielectric spacer, and a bottom layer having subwavelength grating. For a forward incidence, the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure operates as a gap plasmonic cavity if the linearly polarized (LP) component is parallel to the grating wires. It also acts as a high-efficiency dual-layer grating polarizer for the orthogonal LP component. For the backward incidence, the high reflectance of the grating blocks the function of the gap plasmonic cavity, leading to its pure functioning as a polarizer. A bifunctional Janus metasurface for 45 degrees beam deflector and polarizer, with a transmission of 0.87 and extinction ratio of 3840, is designed at 1.55 μm and is investigated to prove the validity of the proposed strategy. Moreover, the proposed metasurface can be cascaded to achieve more flexible functions since these functions are independent in terms of operational mechanism and structural parameters. A trifunctional Janus metasurface that acts as a focusing lens, as a reflector, and as a polarizer is designed based on this strategy. The proposed metasurface and the design strategy provide convenience and flexibility in the design of multifunctional, miniaturized, and integrated optical components for polarization-related analysis and for detection systems.

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Li, Songquan, Laixu Gao, Changwei Zou, Wei Xie, Yong Wei, Canxin Tian, Zesong Wang, Feng Liang, Yanxiong Xiang, and Qian Yang. "A Polarization-Independent Fiber-Optic SPR Sensor." Sensors 18, no. 10 (September 22, 2018): 3204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103204.

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Анотація:

Fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors possess the advantages of small size, flexible, allowing for a smaller sample volume, easy to be integrated, and high sensitivity. They have been intensively developed in recent decades. However, the polarizing nature of the surface plasmon waves (SPWs) always hinders the acquisition of SPR spectrum with high signal-noise ratio in wavelength modulation unless a polarizer is employed. The addition of polarizer complicates the system and reduces the degree of compactness. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a novel, polarization-independent fiber-optic SPR sensor based on a BK7 bi-prism with two incident planes orthogonal to each other. In the bi-prism, TM-polarized components of non-polarized incident lights excite SPWs on the first sensing channel, meanwhile the TE components and the remaining TM components are reflected, then the reflected TE components serve as TM components of incident lights for the second sensing channel to excite SPWs. Simulations show the proposed SPR structure permit us to completely eliminate the polarization dependence of the plasmon excitation. Experimental results agree well with the simulations. This kind of devices can be considered an excellent option for development of simple and compact SPR chemical sensors.

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Piltyay, S., A. Bulashenko, V. Shuliak, and O. Bulashenko. "Electromagnetic Simulation of New Tunable Guide Polarizers with Diaphragms and Pins." Advanced Electromagnetics 10, no. 3 (October 26, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v10i3.1737.

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In this article we present the results of mathematical simulation, development and optimization of a waveguide polarizer with a diaphragm and pins. A mathematical model was developed using the proposed approach on the example of a waveguide polarizer with one diaphragm and two pins. The diaphragm and pins were modeled as inductive or capacitive elements for two types of linear polarization of the fundamental modes. The applied model uses a wave scattering matrix. The total matrix of a polarizer was obtained using wave matrices of transmission of individual elements of the device structure. Using the elements of the common S-parameters the electromagnetic characteristics of the device, which is considered, were obtained. To check the performance of the developed mathematical model, it was simulated in a software using the finite element technique in the frequency domain. The designed structure of the polarizer is adjustable due to mechanical change in the length of the pins. The developed waveguide polarizer with one diaphragm and two pins provides a reflection coefficient of less than 0.36 and a transmission coefficient of more than 0.93 for two types of polarizations. Therefore, a new theoretical method was developed in the article for analysis of scattering matrix elements of a waveguide polarizer with diaphragms and pins. It can also be used for the development of new tunable waveguide polarizers, filters and other components with diaphragms and pins.

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Polavarapu, Prasad L., and Zhengyu Deng. "Differential Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy at Air/Water and Air/Metal Interfaces." Applied Spectroscopy 50, no. 1 (January 1996): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702963906807.

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We report the direct measurement of differential polarized reflectance spectra for samples at air/water and air/metal interfaces. The central component for these measurements is a polarization-division interferometer (PDI). This interferometer uses an in-house-designed beamsplitter constructed in-house from a BaF2 polarizer and a matching substrate. In conjunction with a linear polarizer in front of the source and two rooftop mirrors, one in each arm of the interferometer, the PDI divides the input beam into two orthogonal linear polarization components, recombines them for interference at the beamsplitter, and directs the output beam at 90° to the direction of the input beam. Collimated light rays exiting the interferometer are focused by an f/5 lens and bent from the horizontal propagating axis by a ZnSe wedge to give an angle of incidence of ∼75°, at the sample. The reflected rays are brought back to the horizontal propagation direction by another ZnSe wedge and focused onto the detector by an f/1 lens. The interferogram obtained in this manner represents the differential polarized reflectance interferogram whose cosine Fourier transform directly gives the differential polarized reflectance spectrum. Thus, these spectra were obtained without need for the commonly used photoelastic modulator. Representative spectra for monolayers on a water surface and for samples on a gold surface are presented.

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Guo, Jiacong, Rentang Zhao, Ji Li, Min Zhang, and Zhongjing Xie. "P‐12.6: The application study of coated polarizer for TFT‐LCD panels." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 54, S1 (April 2023): 874–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.16442.

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For TFT‐LCD industries, polarizer films are essential components, which directly determine the image quality of panels. The market proposes new trends of thin thickness and large size for TFT‐LCD panels, including applying polarizer films. The technology of coating linear polarizer could readily realize these demands and own the potential of being directly fabricated on glass substrates. Herein, we study the preparation process of coating a polarizer on a PET substrate and aim to enhance the optical performance. The coated polarizer with the polarization degree of 99.9% was successfully fabricated and applied at the 32‐inch TFT‐LCD panels with the contrast ratio of 1200. This technology exhibits a great application potential for next‐generation polarizer films be integrated on liquid crystal cell.

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Michalik, Damian Arkadiusz, Paweł S. Jung, Bartłomiej W. Klus, Andrzej Kowalik, Anna Rojek, Urszula A. Laudyn, and Mirosław A. Karpierz. "Chromium plasmonic polarizer for high intensity light." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i3.767.

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In this work, we investigate a thin-film polarizer for a high intensity of the electromagnetic (EM) beam based on Cr nano wire arrays. Commonly used thin-film polarizing components are very sensitive for high power of EM waves and can be easily damaged by focused beams. The solution to this problem could be the thin-film polarizer based on metallic subwavelengths structures. This type of optical element has huge resistance comparing to typical thin-film polarizers. However, designing such an optical element for proper wavelength of EM wave and transmissions is not easy task. In this paper we present numerical as well as experimental results for specially designed chromium thin-film polarizer for wavelength 532nm Full Text: PDF ReferencesW. Zhou, K. Li, C. Song, P. Hao, M. Chi, M. Yu and Y. Wu, "Polarization-independent and omnidirectional nearly perfect absorber with ultra-thin 2D subwavelength metal grating in the visible region", Opt. Express 23, 11 (2015). CrossRef W. L. Barnes, A . Dereux, and T. W. Ebbesen, "Surface plasmon subwavelength optics", Nature 424, 824-830 (2003). CrossRef C. Lee, E. Sim, D. Kim, "Blazed wire-grid polarizer for plasmon-enhanced polarization extinction: design and analysis", Opt. Express 25, 7 (2017). CrossRef A. Lehmuskero, Metallic thin film structures and polarization shaping gratings (University of Eastern Finland 2010).Y. Leroux, J. C. Lacroix, C. Fave, V. Stockhausen, N. Felidj, J. Grandm, A. Hohenau, J. R. Krenn, "Active plasmonic devices with anisotropic optical response: a step toward active polarizer", Nano Lett. 5, 9 (2009). CrossRef R. T. Perkins, D. P. Hansen, E. W. Gardner, J. M. Thorne, A. A. Robbins, Broadband wire grid polarizer for the visible spectrum, US 6122103 (2000). DirectLink D. M. Sullivan, Electromagnetic simulation using the FDTD method, New York: IEEE Press Series (2000). CrossRef J. P. Berenger, Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) for Computational Electromagnetics, Morgan & Claypool Publishers (2007). CrossRef Yu, W., and R. Mittra, "A conformal FDTD software package modeling antennas and microstrip circuit components", IEEE Antennas Propagat. Magazine 42, 28 (2000) . CrossRef L. W. Bos, D. W. Lynch, "Optical Properties of Antiferromagnetic Chromium and Dilute Cr-Mn and Cr-Re Alloys", Phys. Rev. Sect. B, 2, 4267 (1970). CrossRef

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "POLARIZER COMPONENTS"

Chakraborty, Shibalik. "Determination of Mueller matrix elements in the presence of imperfections in optical components." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2009. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/969.

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The Polarizer-Sample-Analyzer (PSA) arrangement with the optical components P and A rotating with a fixed speed ratio (3:1) was originally introduced to determine nine Mueller matrix elements from Fourier analysis of the output signal of a photodetector. The arrangement is modified to the P'PSAA' arrangement where P' and A' represent fixed polarizers that are added at both ends with the speed ratio of the rotating components (P and A) remaining the same as before. After determination of the partial Mueller matrix in the ideal case, azimuthal offsets and imperfection parameters are introduced in the straight-through configuration and the imperfection parameters are determined from the Fourier coefficients. Finally, the sample is reintroduced and the full Mueller matrix elements are calculated to show the deviation from the ideal case and their dependency on the offsets and imperfection parameters.

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Middendorf, John Raymond. "Novel Devices and Components for THz Systems." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1400252710.

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Whitehead, Katherine Suzanne. "Polarised light emitting properties of liquid crystalline conjugated polymers." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269317.

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Yuan, Ye. "Investigation of Skin and Skin Components Using Polarized Fluorescence and Polarized Reflectance Towards the Detection of Cutaneous Melanoma." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1147284058.

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Quitin, François. "Channel modeling for polarized MIMO systems." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209951.

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This thesis treats of channel models for polarized multi-antenna wireless systems. Polarized multi-antenna systems are systems that use perpendicularly polarized, co-located antennas at the base station and at the mobile terminal, in order to benefit from the so-called polarization diversity. Such systems benefit from the advantages of MIMO systems while still maintaining a compact equipment size. Two models will be presented in this thesis. The first one is the Polarized-Input Polarized-Output (PIPO) channel model, the second one is the Polarized-Diffuse-Directional channel model.

The PIPO model is a statistical channel model for tri-polarized to tri-polarized communication systems. A tri-polarized antenna system is a tranceiver using three perpendicular antennas. The aim of the PIPO channel model is to have a model that has a simple mathematical structure, so it can be used for solving precoding equations or capacity calculations. Although the PIPO model has a very simple structure, it takes the following parameters into account: coherent channel component, cross-polar channel power imbalance, inter-channel correlation, short- and long-scale time variance.

Experimental measurements are used to parameterize the model. It is shown how the model parameters are extracted from experimental measurements, and the results are analyzed to allow further simplification of the model.

The PDD model, on the other hand, is a geometry-based stochastic channel model. It models the channel as a sum of clusters, where each cluster consists of groups of multipath components (MPCs). The PDD model includes two novelties that will be developed in detail in this thesis.

- The model considers polarization on a per-cluster basis. This permits to have a more accurate description of the polar-angular spectrum.

- The diffuse multipath component (DMC) is included by considering a diffuse component for each cluster. The diffuse cluster component is then modeled as the sum of a set of diffuse MPCs.

The model is specified in detail, and it is shown how the model can be generated.

Experimental measurements were carried out to parameterize the model. A new extraction technique for extracting the specular-diffuse clusters from the measurements is proposed. This technique is based on joint clustering of the specular MPCs and the bins of the diffuse component. The experimental results are analyzed, and superimposed with environment information to gain further insight into the physical aspects of clustered propagation.

Finally, both models are validated. Several validation metrics are introduced, and their pertinence in the context of polarized MIMO systems is highlighted. Both models are successfully validated, and the advantages and limitations of each models are investigated.

Cette thèse traite des modèles de canal pour systèmes sans-fils multi-antennes polarisés. Des systèmes multi-antennes polarisés sont des systèmes qui utilisent des antennes polarisées perpendiculairement co-localisées à la station de base et au terminal mobile, dans le but de bénéficier de la diversité de polarisation. De tels systèmes peuvent bénéficier des avantages des systèmes MIMO tout en diminuant l'encombrement des équipements. Deux modèles seront présentés dans cette thèse. Le premier est le modèle Polarized-Input Polarized-Output (PIPO), le second est le modèle Polarized-Diffuse-Directional (PDD).

Le modèle PIPO est un modèle statistique pour des systèmes de communication tri-polaire à tri-polaire. Un système tri-polaire est un émetteur ou un récepteur qui utilise trois antennes perpendiculaires. Le but du modèle de canal PIPO est d'avoir un modèle qui a une structure mathématique simple, afin qu'il puisse être utilisé pour résoudre des équations de précodage ou des calculs de capacité. Malgré la structure simple du modèle PIPO, il tient compte des paramètres suivants: la composante cohérente du canal, les différences de puissance entre canaux cross-polaires, la corrélation entre canaux, les variations à courte et à longue échelle de temps. Des mesures expérimentales ont été réalisées afin de paramétriser le modèle. Les techniques pour extraire les paramètres du modèle des mesures expérimentales sont présentées, et les résultats sont analysés afin de permettre une simplification supplémentaire du modèle.

Le modèle PDD, quant à lui, est un modèle de canal stochasique-géométrique. Il modélise le canal comme une somme de clusters, où chaque clusters est composé d'un groupe de chemins multi-trajets. Le modèle PDD inclut les deux nouveautés suivantes qui seront développées en détail dans cette thèse.

- Le modèle considère une polarisation par cluster. Ceci permet d'avoir une description plus exacte du spectre angulaire-polaire.

- La composante diffuse est prise en compte en incluant une composante diffuse pour chaque cluster. La composante diffuse d'un cluster est alors modelisée comme une somme de multi-trajets diffus.

Le modèle est spécifié en détail, et il est présenté comment le modèle peut être généré. Des mesures expérimentales ont été faites afin de paramétriser le modèle. Une nouvelle technique d'extraction est proposée pour extraire les clusters spéculaires-diffus. Cette technique est basée sur le clustering conjoint des multi-trajets spéculaires et des "bins" de la composante diffuse. Les résultats expérimentaux sont analysés, et superposés avec l'information de l'environnement de mesure afin d'avoir une connaissance accrue des aspects physiques de la propagation par clusters.

Finalement, les deux modèles sont validés. Plusieurs métriques de validations sont introduites, et leur pertinence dans le cadre des systèmes MIMO polarisés est mis en avant. Les deux modèles sont validés avec succès, et les avantages et limitations de chaque modèle sont investigués.

Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Li, Tiesheng. "Optical properties of CdTe/Cd_1-xZn_xTe strained-layer single quantum wells." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1173760803.

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Holmes, Neil Andrew. "The Streptomyces cytoskeletal protein (Scy) is a key component of the tip organising centre for polarized growth in Streptomyces coelicolor." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2012. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/43072/.

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Анотація:

The Gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor, is one of the main genetic model organisms in the phylum of the Actinobacteria. Streptomyces bacteria are soil dwelling filamentous bacteria with a complex life cycle consisting of multigenomic hyphae that then form unicellular spores. Bacterial cell shape determination has been influenced heavily by the discovery that bacteria have a number of eukaryotic cytoskeletal homologues as well as a number of accessory proteins unique to prokaryotes. As cell shape determination is dependent on the sites of insertion of new cell wall material, this is characteristically organised and driven by cytoskeletal proteins. Streptomyces coelicolor hyphal growth occurs through apical extension where new cell wall material is placed at the tips. This growth is driven in part by the cytoskeletal protein DivIVA. Here we characterise a novel Streptomyces cytoskeletal protein, Scy, encoded by the locus sco5397. Scy is a large protein with a novel coiled-coil 51-mer repeat structure. To study Scy, a scy knockout mutation was generated. The phenotype of the scy mutant suggests that it plays a significant role in cell shape, growth and chromosome positioning. Translational fluorescent protein fusions to scy were made and the subcellular localisation of Scy was determined to be strongly at growing hyphal tips. Further clarified here, Scy overexpression can recruit DivIVA protein and the cell wall synthesis machinery to new apical sites. The reciprocal is also shown whereby DivIVA overexpression can recruit Scy to new apical sites. Further to this in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to determine that Scy and DivIVA interact, as well as the protein FilP encoded downstream of scy. The work here along with work in the field suggests that Scy forms part of a Tip Organising Centre (TIPOC) that alongside DivIVA, FilP, and numerous other proteins controls apical growth in the filamentous Streptomyces.

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Tabbi, Giuseppe Teodoro Maria [Verfasser]. "Parallelization of a Data-Driven Independent Component Analysis to Analyze Large 3D-Polarized Light Imaging Data Sets / Giuseppe Teodoro Maria Tabbi." Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1120027241/34.

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FAROOQUI, MUHAMMAD ZUNNOORAIN. "Analysis and Design of Microwave and Millimeter-wave Passive Devices for Scientific Instrumentation." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2541493.

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In the recent astrophysical experiments i.e. QUIET, QUIJOTE, STRIP-LSPE, arrays of polarimeters are used in order to measure the linearly polarized component of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). Since the signal of interest is very faint, the sensitivity of the scientific instrumentation should be very high. This goal can be achieved by accommodating a large number of high-performance polarimeters in the focal plane of the antenna. In this perspective, a novel layout of Ortho-Mode-Transducer (OMT) and polarizer, which are key passive waveguide elements of dual-circular polarization polarimeters, have been designed. The polarizer is based on a Dual-Fold-Stub (DFS) design having 20% bandwidth centered at 94.5GHz, whereas the broadband OMT exploits a turnstile junction with 30% bandwidth centered at 94 GHz. The components are realized using the multi-layer technology, where each metallic plate is manufactured by wire spark erosion technique. Using this design methodology, several identical devices can be manufactured in a single machining process. The exploitation of multi-layer technology in conjunction with wire spark erosion technique provides high level of manufacturing repeatability and accuracy along with low cost, making this solution well suitable for the realization of polarimetric arrays consisting of tens/hundreds of chains. The propriety SEM (Spectral Element Method) tool of IEIIT-CNR and commercial EM (Electromagnetic) tools (CST-MWS & HFSS) have been exploited in an effective manner to achieve the required performances. In order to integrate MATLAB with EM tools, COM EM Automation Tool (COM-EM-AT) has been developed and exploited in various manner to attain the final design. The simulation acceleration through distributed computing have also been employed efficiently for tolerance analysis using the SEM tool.

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Devaki, Sudha J., Neethu K. Sadanandhan, Renjith Sasi, Hans-Juergen P. Adler, and Andrij Pich. "Water dispersible electrically conductive poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene) nanospindles by liquid crystalline template assisted polymerization." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36259.

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In this work, we demonstrate an inimitable liquid crystalline template strategy for the preparation of water dispersible electrically conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanospindles (PEDOTSs). PEDOTSs were formed during the polymerization of the spindle shaped liquid crystalline phase of “EDOT–PDPSA” which was formed by the specific interactions of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) with 3-pentadecyl phenol-4-sulphonic acid (PDPSA). Liquid crystalline phases were characterized by Polarized Light Microscopic (PLM) analyses, rheology and XRD. Morphology and solid state ordering of conducting nanospindles were characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD. PEDOTSs exhibited an electrical conductivity of ~2.79 S cm⁻¹ and a good thermal stability (~300 °C), which suggests their applicability in fabricating high temperature electronic devices. Furthermore, electrochemical studies of PEDOTS modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) showed an oxidation peak of ascorbic acid at a lower potential of 0.046 V with a peak current about 10 times (91.68 µA) higher than that of the bare GCE with excellent electrode stability, proposing that it can be used as a steady electrode for the electro-catalytic oxidation of similar molecules.

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Книги з теми "POLARIZER COMPONENTS"

Turda, Marius. Race, Science, and Eugenics in the Twentieth Century. Edited by Alison Bashford and Philippa Levine. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195373141.013.0004.

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This article aims to go beyond the existing scholarship on eugenics and to point out the complex intertwining of visions of racial improvement with eugenic hybrids during the twentieth century. It offers an insight into the convoluted relationship between race and eugenics. It contributes to the increasingly polarized current discussion about the eternal return of eugenics. It evaluates the degree and nature of conceptual transfers of eugenic knowledge and ideas and addresses eugenics' key components. Race is a central component in the eugenic imagination and this centrality provides an insight into a larger debate, known as the nature-nurture debate. The examples of eugenic thinking on race are provided in this article. It illustrates that the study of twentieth-century eugenics is currently undergoing a remarkable transformation and contributes in new and refreshing ways to our understanding of eugenics and race.

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Benkler, Yochai, Robert Faris, and Hal Roberts. Polarization in American Politics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923624.003.0010.

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This chapter reviews the political science literature on polarization, showing that polarization in American politics long precedes the internet and results primarily from asymmetric political-elite-driven dynamics. This chapter first considers the polarization of political elites and the public before discussing how social identity begets party affiliation that helps explain why polarization can take on such deeply affective negative responses to partisans of the other party. The chapter shows that party elites, in particular elected representatives, have experienced significant party polarization in the sense that liberals and conservatives have mostly sorted themselves into Democrats and Republicans, respectively, and that the most visible component of this move was the realignment of Southern Democrats to the Republican Party. The broader population, if it has polarized at all, has polarized affectively—in the way it feels about the other party—rather than ideologically, or the practical policy preferences it holds.

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Johnson, Dennis W. Campaigns and Elections. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190935580.001.0001.

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Frequent and fair elections, open to all, are fundamental elements of a democracy. The United States, through its local, state, and national contests, holds more elections, more often, than any other democracy in the world. But in recent years, there have been troubling signs that our system of campaigns and elections has become much more fragile than we had previously thought. More specifically, in the past twenty years, campaigns have changed profoundly: social media and viral messaging compete with traditional media, races once considered local in nature have become nationalized, Supreme Court decisions on campaign finance law now encourage mega-donors, voters are more polarized, party affiliation has waned, and the middle ideological ground has given way to extremist language and voter rage. Twice in sixteen years we have seen winning presidential candidates gaining fewer popular votes than their opponents. The fundamental right of every citizen to vote has been impeded by state legislatures demanding tighter access, more identification, and accusations of voter fraud. And we have faced the real threat of foreign influence in our national elections. This book offers the most up-to-date examination of campaigns and elections, including the challenges and opportunities they present. It addresses fundamental questions about who votes in American elections, how legislative districts are reapportioned and why it matters, the realities of voter fraud, the pros and cons of reforming the Electoral College, the impact of dark money on campaigns, and the role of political consultants and specialists, among other topics. Given the fragility of our election process, what are the threats to a healthy American democracy? Do the candidates with the most money always win? This is not simply a book on how campaigns are run, but why campaigns and elections are integral components of American democracy and how those fundamental elements may be vulnerable to misuse.

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T. Wave Phenomena. Courier Dover Publications, 2014.

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Частини книг з теми "POLARIZER COMPONENTS"

Aggarwal, Roshan L., and Kambiz Alavi. "Polarizers." In Introduction to Optical Components, 43–55. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | “A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.”: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351189514-4.

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Chipman, Russell A., Wai-Sze Tiffany Lam, and Garam Young. "Uniaxial Materials and Components." In Polarized Light and Optical Systems, 741–84. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2019. | Series: Optical sciences and applications of light: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351129121-21.

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Nisaka, Yuto, Ryo Matsuoka, Toshiyuki Amano, and Takahiro Okabe. "Fast Separation of Specular, Diffuse, and Global Components via Polarized Pattern Projection." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 294–308. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81638-4_24.

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Benning, Kai, Miriam Menzel, Jan André Reuter, and Markus Axer. "Independent Component Analysis for Noise and Artifact Removal in Three-Dimensional Polarized Light Imaging." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 90–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82427-3_7.

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AbstractIn recent years, Independent Component Analysis (ICA) has successfully been applied to remove noise and artifacts in images obtained from Three-dimensional Polarized Light Imaging (3D-PLI) at the mesoscale (i.e., 64 $$\upmu $$ μ m). Here, we present an automatic denoising procedure for gray matter regions that allows to apply the ICA also to microscopic images, with reasonable computational effort. Apart from an automatic segmentation of gray matter regions, we applied the denoising procedure to several 3D-PLI images from a rat and a vervet monkey brain section.

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Hock, Kiel, François Méot, and Vasiliy Morozov. "Spin Dynamics Tutorial: Numerical Simulations." In Polarized Beam Dynamics and Instrumentation in Particle Accelerators, 315–408. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16715-7_14.

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AbstractNumerical simulations are inescapable steps in spin dynamics studies and in the design of polarized beam accelerators and optical components. An integral part of the Summer 2021 USPAS Spin Class teachings, under the form of a 2-week miniworkshop, this chapter is also an initiation to the field, “hands on”: in a first Section, numerical simulation exercises are proposed which cover many of the theoretical aspects of hadron and electron spin dynamics addressed during the lectures, including resonant depolarization; preservation methods such as harmonic orbit correction, tune jump, the use of an ac dipole, or snakes; the effect of synchrotron radiation; spin diffusion and its suppression; spin matching. A second Section is dedicated to detailed solutions of these simulation exercises and includes tight comparisons of numerical outcomes and theoretical expectations from the lectures.

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Reggi, Valeria. "Chapter 7. Italy." In Voices of Supporters, 140–61. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.101.c7.

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The Italian Northern League (Lega Nord), now simply “Lega”, and its leader Matteo Salvini exemplify the tenets and discursive style of right-wing populism, in which polarised discourse is imbued with nationalistic overtones. The study focuses on the comments on Salvini’s posts on Twitter by his supporters in the last six weeks before the European elections of 2019. The aim is to foreground what motivations encouraged the support for populist parties, with a focus on the role played by national identity and by the strategies that were chosen to recontextualise the original posts. To achieve this purpose, the textual and visual components of sample comments are analysed qualitatively and quantitatively under the lens of multimodal discourse analysis in order to determine which populist themes they reproduced and, drawing on appraisal analysis, understand the evaluation most frequently associated with them.

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Pfirman, Stephanie, and Gisela Winckler. "Perspectives on Teaching Climate Change: Two Decades of Evolving Approaches." In Transforming Education for Sustainability, 325–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13536-1_19.

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AbstractSince 1996, Columbia University and Barnard College have required that undergraduate environmental majors take “Earth’s Environmental Systems: Climate.” The class is co-taught by 2–3 professors and is offered by different teams in fall and spring semesters. As one of the longest, continuously running, required classes on climate in the world, tracing changes in the content of this class, as well as the perspectives of its professors and students, provides insight into the evolution of climate change from a component of Earth’s system, to an international crisis. This chapter discusses the experiences of teaching undergraduate students - both science majors and non-majors - about Earth’s climate system and the risks facing the planet and society. Drawing on 845 student course evaluations and 20 survey responses from co-teachers and teaching assistants, we trace how the course, students, and faculty have evolved over two decades (1996–2018) as the earth warmed, environmental and ecosystems changed, projections of future impacts became more robust, demand for adaptation strategies and mitigation actions increased, and public discourse became polarized. We reflect on how, as we adjusted to these trends, we moved beyond our scientific training to discuss decision-making and actions within an increasingly charged national discourse.

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Tompkins, Harland G. "Optical Components and the Simple PCSA (Polarizer, Compensator, Sample, Analyzer) Ellipsometer." In Handbook of Ellipsometry, 299–328. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-081551499-2.50006-x.

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Pandya, Ankur, Vishal Sorathiya, and Sunil Lavadiya. "Graphene-Based Nanophotonic Devices." In Recent Advances in Nanophotonics - Fundamentals and Applications. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93853.

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Graphene is an ideal 2D material that breaks the fundamental properties of size and speed limits by photonics and electronics, respectively. Graphene is also an ideal material for bridging electronic and photonic devices. Graphene offers several functions of modulation, emission, signal transmission, and detection of wideband and short band infrared frequency spectrum. Graphene has improved human life in multiple ways of low-cost display devices and touchscreen structures, energy harvesting devices (solar cells), optical communication components (modulator, polarizer, detector, laser generation). There is numerous literature is available on graphene synthesis, properties, devices, and applications. However, the main interest among the scientist, researchers, and students to start with the numerical and computational process for the graphene-based nanophotonic devices. This chapter also includes the examples of graphene applications in optoelectronics devices, P-N junction diodes, photodiode structure which are fundamental devices for the solar cell and the optical modulation.

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"Mueller Matrices for Polarizing Components." In Polarized Light, Third Edition, 93–115. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10436-8.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "POLARIZER COMPONENTS"

Können, G. P., and J. Tinbergen. "Polarimetric Observations of a 22° Halo." In Light and Color in the Open Air. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lcoa.1990.thd4.

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It is known for about 15 years that the inner edge of refraction halos are strongly polarized1). This polarization is caused by the birefringence of ice crystals. This causes the halo to consist of two orthogonally polarized components, which are mutually shifted. In case of the 22° halo, this shift is 0.1°. This is five times larger than the resolving power of the human eye. Therefore, the shift of the halo (or the polarization of its inner edge) can be easily observed in Nature. This holds particularly for parhelia: seen through a polarizer, it shifts to and fro as the polarizer rotates.

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Chen, Rongsheng, Tong Yu, Shong H. Yan, and Man Xu. "1.5-um isolator with in-line fiber polarizer." In Fiber Optic Components and reliability, edited by Paul M. Kopera and Dilip K. Paul. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.135403.

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Schrader, K. N., S. R. Tuenge, and C. K. Carniglia. "Comparison of two types of ellipsometer with rotating polarizers." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.thv1.

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Ellipsometers having rotating polarizers are commonly used in cases where data are to be collected automatically. Two different configurations are frequently utilized. One type involves one fixed and one rotating polarizer. With this arrangement, a dc signal and a signal at twice the rotation frequency of the polarizer are generated. The data reduction involves these signals and thus is adversely affected by fluctuations in the dc illumination level. The second configuration involves two fixed polarizers and a rotating polarizer. The second fixed polarizer introduces an additional signal at four times the frequency of the rotating polarizer. In this case, the ellipsometric data can be reduced using only the phases of the ac components, without being influenced by the fluctuations in signal amplitude. However, the mathematical form of the data reduction makes this method extremely sensitive to errors in the phases in certain circumstances. A single ellipsometer was used to evaluate both of these configurations. The only variable in the system was the presence or absence of the second fixed polarizer; the same optics, detector, and electronics were used for both systems. The results of the comparison for measurements of uncoated silicon and single-layer films on fused silica are presented.

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Bloemer, Mark. "Localized surface plasmons for waveguide polarizers." In Integrated Photonics Research. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ipr.1991.tha6.

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Passive polarizers are standard components in bulk and guided-wave optical systems. Guided-wave polarizers include metal/dielectric overlays,1 anisotropic crystals,2 and proton-exchanged waveguides.3 Here we report experimental results of a passive guided-wave polarizer by using surface-plasmon modes localized in small Ag particles.

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Li, Li, and J. A. Dobrowolski. "New developments in thin film polarizing beam-splitters." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1998.tud.1.

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Polarizers and polarizing beam-splitters (PBS) are important optical components and are widely used in many applications. Several parameters are often used to characterize the performance of a polarizer or a PBS. These parameters include the wavelength range or bandwidth, the angular field of the incident beam, the extinction ratio and the transmittance and reflectance for the desired polarization.

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Chi, Nai-Chen, Ting-Yang Yu, Hsin-Cheng Tsai, Shiang-Yu Wang, Chih-Wei Luo, Yu-Tao Yang, and Kuan-Neng Chen. "High Transmittance Broadband THz Polarizer Using 3D-IC Technologies." In 2017 IEEE 67th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ectc.2017.57.

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Findakly, Talal, B. Dougfierty, and J. Moen. "Integrated-optic logic gates." In Integrated and Guided Wave Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/igwo.1986.thcc15.

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The use of integrated optics to perform logic and computation was proposed earlier by Taylor1 based on interconnected directional coupler switches and intensity Mach-Zehnder modulators. We apply the principle of polarization conversion and discrimination in integrated optical format to perform various logic functions. The principal components of the proposed logic gates are a polarization converter (TE ↔ TM) and polarizer. An illustration of the various logic gates that can be implemented by this concept is shown in Fig. 1. The logic input to these devices is an electrical voltage, equivalent to that which rotates the polarization by 90°, and the output is an optical intensity. The optical input is a linearly polarized light, and all waveguides are single mode in the TE and TM polarizations. From Fig. 1, it can be seen that logic gates such as AND, OR, NAND, NOR, EXCLUSIVE-OR, and NOT can be realized by properly arranging and cascading the polarization converters and polarizers along the waveguide pattern. Based on this concept, we report on the fabrication and demonstration of an integrated optical EXCLUSIVE-OR logic gate in Ti:LiNbO3. As shown in Fig. 2, the device consists of a single-mode straight channel waveguide along which two polarization converters are cascaded and followed by a polarizer. The principle of operation can be understood by tracking the light polarization and transmission on the application of voltages to the two converters. Consider the case where both inputs A and B are ON. Assuming that the input light is in the TE polarization, the light is converted into TM past converter A and back to TE past converter B. If the polarizer is designed to pass the TM and attenuate the TE, the output is zero consistent with the truth table requirement of an EXCLUSIVE-OR gate. Other input–output combinations can be verified following the same reasoning.

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Rynders, M. C., and L. N. Thibos. "Single Channel, Sinusoidally Modulated Signal Generator, with Variable Temporal Contrast." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1992.tue2.

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Frequently in visual science experiments a stimulus is needed for which the luminance varies sinusoidally with time2, 4, 5,6, 8 set of 2 linear polarizers, one of which rotates at a constant angular velocity, is a very simple and straightforward method for producing such a stimulus, although this method only gives 100% modulation. In order to vary the amplitude of modulation, while maintaining a constant mean, previous workers have used two-channel optical systems5, split beams3,4, or used extensive electronics6, 8. However, a simple modification of the single channel polaroid method allows independent control of amplitude and mean intensity. Figure 1 shows in more detail what happens to the light as it passes through the separate components. Light passes through polarizer P and subsequently passes through quarter wavelength plate L. Because of the bireffingent properties of L, the beam of light leaving L will be linearly, elliptically, or circularly polarized, depending on the angle α between the plane of polarization of P and the fast axis of L. In the following section it will be shown that the light leaving rotating analyzer A is modulated sinusoidally in intensity, with fixed mean and amplitude depending on α. The mean may be decreased by using ND-filters.

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Ikeda, Toru, Tomonori Mizutani, and Noriyuki Miyazaki. "Hygro-Mechanical Analysis of LCD Panels." In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89267.

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Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are getting larger, and the homogeneity of an LCD panel is becoming very important for the quality of the display. Inhomogeneity in an LCD panel can be caused by inhomogeneity of its materials and the defective production process, warpage of the panel due to changes in the temperature and humidity, and so on. In this study, we developed a scheme of hygro-mechanical analysis to reduce the warpage of an LCD. First, we measured the diffusion coefficients and Henry’s law coefficients of the respective components of an LCD using a thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) under controlled humidity. We then measured the coefficients of moisture expansion (CME) of the componenets using a humidity-controlled thermo-mechanical analyzer (TMA). We analyzed the hygro-mechanical deformations of the respective components, a polarizing plate and an LCD panel using the finite element method (FEM) with measured diffusion coefficients, Henry’s law coefficients and the CMEs of the respective components. The analyzed deformations of the respective components corresponded quantitatively with the deformations measured experimentally. However, the analyzed deformation of the polarizing plate did not correspond with the measured deformation perfectly. A polarizing plate is made by sandwiching a polarizer by two sheets of protective film; the effect of the thin boundary layer between the polarizer and its protecting film was ignored in this analysis. The effect of this boundary layer on the diffusion of moisture may have caused the difference between the analysis and the measurement. The expected warpage of the analyzed LCD corresponded qualitatively with the measured warpage. In LCD panels, glass plates and polarizing plates are bonded using pressure-sensitive adhesive. Slippage between the glass plates and the polarizing plates may occur during the deformation of an LCD. We investigated the warpage of LCDs with two types of protecting film and different directions of polarizing plates using the developed technique of FEM analysis.

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Kokubun, Yasuo, Tatsuhiko Watanabe, Kohei Morita, and Ryo Kawata. "Full mode analysis of vector components of degenerated LP modes in Few Mode Fibers from intensity profile through angled polarizer." In 2015 20th Microoptics Conference (MOC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/moc.2015.7416393.

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