Дисертації: "Point of Law"

1

MARTINS, GUILHERME MADEIRA. "THE INTERNAL POINT OF VIEW AND THE CONCEPT OF LAW." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=21217@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A presente dissertação é um estudo sobre o conceito do ponto de vista interno, elaborado e aplicado ao direito por H. L. A. Hart no livro O Conceito de Direito. Para tanto, é analisado a relação desse conceito com outros tópicos da teoria hartiana, como: a crítica às teorias baseadas em sanções, a existência de regras sociais, a norma de reconhecimento e a ideia de obrigação jurídica. Com isso, o objetivo é analisar o conceito do ponto de vista interno não de forma isolada, mas relacionada com o contexto geral da obra de Hart.
This dissertation is a study on the concept of the internal point of view, which was applied to the law by H. L. A. Hart in his book The Concept of Law. Therefore, it is analyzed the relationship of this concept with other topic in Hart´s theory, such as: a critique of sanction-centered theories of law, the existence of social rules, the rule of recognition and the idea of legal obligation. Thus, the objective is to analyze the concept of the internal point of view not in isolation, but related to the general context of the Hart´s work.

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2

Forsbacka, Kristina. "Climate Finance and the Point of Green Bonds." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Samhällsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-82363.

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The emergence of green bonds in 2008 has been perceived as an important means to move towards green and sustainable investments, and the green and sustainable bond markets have also grown exponentially. The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the green bond instrument and the role that it plays at climate finance. Notably, the role of the green bond and climate finance has changed over time. The Paris Agreement from 2015 was the first climate agreement to address the finance sector, and the sustainable finance markets are now moving forward at a swift pace, with new and innovative products developing and rewarding green and sustainable investments. The essence of the research is threefold. Firstly, an analysis based on an empirical study and analysis of the terms and conditions of the contracts between issuers and investors regulating green bonds on the Nordic market. Secondly, an analysis of the new innovative bond instruments – transition bonds and sustainability-linked bonds – following the green bond that have emerged starting in 2019. Thirdly, the green bond instrument is analysed in its historical context, describing the role of carbon pricing and comparing the green bond instrument to experience from early project-based climate finance, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). To conclude, an analysis is provided of the green bond instrument and the role that it plays at the transformation to a climate-resilient and sustainable society. The perspective in the analysis and the discussion is normative and forward looking (“de lege ferenda”), based on experience – “lessons learned” – from the development of early climate finance and the development that the green and sustainable bond market has undergone. The ultimate purpose is to analyse the role the of the green bond at climate finance. My analysis addresses the interplay between coercive and voluntary regulation of the green bond instrument. The theory and findings of the thesis are that flexibility should be provided to market participants to allow for the development of new innovative instruments, based on the tools and infrastructure developed at climate finance and green and sustainable bonds. Legal regulation should focus on information and disclosure of climate-related and sustainability risks, and providing clarification and codification of definitions and standards for this purpose. The tools and infrastructure created for green bonds, and further developed for other emerging innovative bonds, could be used to provide transparency at sustainability at all finance. As climate-related and sustainability risks are disclosed and addressed properly is provided and fiduciary duties are developed, the financial market can move from rewarding “green”, to penalising “brown” investments. When “green” is the new normal there will be no need for a specific green bond instrument. The point of green bonds is being part of this journey – not the solution.

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3

Richardson, Mary Golden. "Power law process models for nonhomogeneous poisson process change-points /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9840029.

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4

Marty, Hugues. "Legal aspects of space business from the point of view of manufacturers." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69531.

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This thesis analyses the legal consequences that space manufacturers face, should their items be defective or should they do not function as intended. The research is segmented in five parts starting with preliminary remarks and gradually focusing on specific issues, such as product liability for space activities, liability of the manufacturer in international programmes, risk management and space insurance.
To conclude, it recalls the importance of clear delimitation of liability, whether it is in international legal texts or in contracts, and its natural link with an efficient exploitation and use of outer space notably by private entities.

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5

Tsao, Lu-Ping. "Investigation of an aiming point guidance law for air-to-air missiles." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385769.

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6

Bouffartigue, Iris. "Les contrats sur l'internet : un point de vue international: les approches nord-americaine et française." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33470.

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The development of information technology has had a radical and worldwide effect on the way people communicate. This technological revolution is illustrated notably by the way in which more and more sectors of society increasingly make use of the Internet. The business sector has found enormous potential in electronic communication for improving and increasing commercial transactions.
This thesis studies the legal questions posed by the use of the Internet as a basis of contractual agreements and business relationships. The way in which on-line contracts are drawn up and agreed upon brings factors into play which are outside the scope of the established rules. Whereas traditional contracts derive their essential legality from written documents, this is not so in on-line transactions. In the same way, the on-line environment poses problems of contract security and confidentiality which do not exist in a traditional environment. The Internet is in essence a transnational virtual environment where there are no frontiers. The establishment of laws to govern contracts made on the Internet thus becomes an essential factor in determining the security and development of on-line transactions.
This thesis analyses the North-American and French approaches as well as international rules concerning the new legal questions posed by on-line transactions. On the one hand, it must be determined if business transactions are compatible with on-line environment and, on the other hand, if any parity exists or indeed should be sought.

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7

Hişil, Hüseyin. "Elliptic curves, group law, and efficient computation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/33233/1/H%C3%BCseyin_Hi%C5%9Fil_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis is about the derivation of the addition law on an arbitrary elliptic curve and efficiently adding points on this elliptic curve using the derived addition law. The outcomes of this research guarantee practical speedups in higher level operations which depend on point additions. In particular, the contributions immediately find applications in cryptology. Mastered by the 19th century mathematicians, the study of the theory of elliptic curves has been active for decades. Elliptic curves over finite fields made their way into public key cryptography in late 1980’s with independent proposals by Miller [Mil86] and Koblitz [Kob87]. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), following Miller’s and Koblitz’s proposals, employs the group of rational points on an elliptic curve in building discrete logarithm based public key cryptosystems. Starting from late 1990’s, the emergence of the ECC market has boosted the research in computational aspects of elliptic curves. This thesis falls into this same area of research where the main aim is to speed up the additions of rational points on an arbitrary elliptic curve (over a field of large characteristic). The outcomes of this work can be used to speed up applications which are based on elliptic curves, including cryptographic applications in ECC. The aforementioned goals of this thesis are achieved in five main steps. As the first step, this thesis brings together several algebraic tools in order to derive the unique group law of an elliptic curve. This step also includes an investigation of recent computer algebra packages relating to their capabilities. Although the group law is unique, its evaluation can be performed using abundant (in fact infinitely many) formulae. As the second step, this thesis progresses the finding of the best formulae for efficient addition of points. In the third step, the group law is stated explicitly by handling all possible summands. The fourth step presents the algorithms to be used for efficient point additions. In the fifth and final step, optimized software implementations of the proposed algorithms are presented in order to show that theoretical speedups of step four can be practically obtained. In each of the five steps, this thesis focuses on five forms of elliptic curves over finite fields of large characteristic. A list of these forms and their defining equations are given as follows: (a) Short Weierstrass form, y2 = x3 + ax + b, (b) Extended Jacobi quartic form, y2 = dx4 + 2ax2 + 1, (c) Twisted Hessian form, ax3 + y3 + 1 = dxy, (d) Twisted Edwards form, ax2 + y2 = 1 + dx2y2, (e) Twisted Jacobi intersection form, bs2 + c2 = 1, as2 + d2 = 1, These forms are the most promising candidates for efficient computations and thus considered in this work. Nevertheless, the methods employed in this thesis are capable of handling arbitrary elliptic curves. From a high level point of view, the following outcomes are achieved in this thesis. - Related literature results are brought together and further revisited. For most of the cases several missed formulae, algorithms, and efficient point representations are discovered. - Analogies are made among all studied forms. For instance, it is shown that two sets of affine addition formulae are sufficient to cover all possible affine inputs as long as the output is also an affine point in any of these forms. In the literature, many special cases, especially interactions with points at infinity were omitted from discussion. This thesis handles all of the possibilities. - Several new point doubling/addition formulae and algorithms are introduced, which are more efficient than the existing alternatives in the literature. Most notably, the speed of extended Jacobi quartic, twisted Edwards, and Jacobi intersection forms are improved. New unified addition formulae are proposed for short Weierstrass form. New coordinate systems are studied for the first time. - An optimized implementation is developed using a combination of generic x86-64 assembly instructions and the plain C language. The practical advantages of the proposed algorithms are supported by computer experiments. - All formulae, presented in the body of this thesis, are checked for correctness using computer algebra scripts together with details on register allocations.

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8

Schaffner, Tobias Gregor. "The search for the starting point of practical legal philosophy : the recovery of the political common good." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708414.

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9

Richmond, Sean. "At the vanishing point of law? : international law and the use of force by Britain and Canada in the Korean War and Afghanistan Conflict." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d290493c-3afd-4a51-8dea-27ea0bd9069a.

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This thesis examines important aspects of Canada and Britain’s participation in the Korean War of 1950-53 and the Afghanistan Conflict of 2001-present with a view to better understanding how international law influenced this participation, and whether key leaders and officials understood said law as a binding and distinct phenomenon. It draws on constructivist International Relations (IR) theory and “interactional” International Law (IL) theory, and employs a method of historical reconstruction and process tracing. I argue that, contrary to what realism might predict, international law helped define and shape each state’s possible course of action in the wars, and the justifications that could be made for their behaviour. More specifically, Canada and Britain’s involvement in the conflicts suggests that, when states use force, international law can play four broad roles: 1) it helps constitute the identities of the actors at issue; 2) it helps regulate the political and military practice of the actors at issue; 3) it permits and legitimates certain political and military practices that otherwise might not be permitted; and 4) it helps structure the process by which agents seek to develop and promote new legal rules and legitimate practice. However, I also contend that, contrary to what IL scholars might predict, the discourse and actions of Canadian and British leaders and officials during the Korean War and Afghanistan Conflict offer mixed support for the hypothesis that, when states use force, policy-makers understand international law as a binding and distinct set of legal rules, and the legal status of these rules impacts their decision-making. In sum, my findings suggest that international law can play important roles in world politics and the use of force by states, but it is unclear whether these effects are attributable to an obligatory quality in law.

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10

Isaksson, Emelie, and Martin Wikhall. "How is the Swedish manager perceived in an international perspective? A dissertation from a cultural point of view." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Business Administration, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-3993.

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There is a lack of literature in management and cross cultural theories from a Swedish perspective. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine how the Swedish manager is perceived by employees in other cultures.

The dissertation describes existing cultural theories such as Hofstede’s’ and Trompenaars’. It also describes leadership theories which can be connected to the Swedish manager’s characteristics.

The research data is collected by use of a web based questionnaire which were answered by employees in nine different countries, who have a Swedish manager.

The analysis describes an indication of how employees in different countries perceive the Swedish manager. Further, it describes specific characteristics of the Swedish manager.

The dissertation is concluded by a connection between our result and a modified version of “The cross cultural model of leadership”, which explains the overall perception of the Swedish manager. The employees’ perception of the Swedish manager does not differ significantly between the examined cultures. Still, the appreciation of the Swedish manager varies between the examined cultures. Further, we found the Swedish manager’s attitude towards the prevalent culture to be more essential for the employees’ perception than education and language skills.

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11

Lin, Chia-Fan. "Environmental discourse on ethics, society and law : an inquiry from the point of view of Jürgen Habermas's theory of modernity." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU483234.

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Environmental problems cause people to think and look for change. In this context, the so-called deep environmental discourse emerges in order to address the problem in 'deep' terms. Within it, there are two dominant approaches: the axiological and spiritual approaches. The former commits itself to arguing for an extension of our moral relations to the natural environment, while the latter stresses a need for a reopening for our communication with nature. However, both approaches are accused of naturalism and scientism. In addition, the axiological approach tends inevitably towards a metaphysical mode of thinking, while the spiritual approach is inclined to thinking in terms of myth. The results of these approaches is that the critical potential of the deep environmental discourse is lost. In this project, I apply Heberman's theory of modernity to restore and re-establish the critical potential of the deep environmental discourse. The green ideas of 'intrinsic value of nature' and 'unity with nature' can be reformulated as a postmetaphysical mode of thinking without metaphysical and spiritual implications. The idea of 'reconciliation with nature' can be defused since a comprehensive conception of rationality, i.e., communicative rationality, can replace a restricted conception of rationality, i.e. purposive rationality. Deep thinking is then directed towards a critique of the philosophy of the subject embodied in a form of simple modernity. The normative thrust of the deep environmental discourse is identified with reflexive modernity. Contrary to the spiritual approach, a reconstructed deep position is not opposed to modernity. In addition, in contrast to the axiological approach, a reconstructed position is not confined to simple modernity. Methodologically speaking, the limitation of simple modernity can be analysed in terms of a critique of the philosophy of consciousness by the philosophy of language. In terms of social theory, simple modernity is confined to a one-sided rationalisation resulting in the 'colonisation of systems over the lifeworld'. In terms of legal theory, simple modernity is exhibited in the limited understanding of law in both normative and descriptive perspectives.

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12

De, Vittorio Giancarlo. "Crack measurements in structural concrete with D.I.C. system and validation of a tensile constitutive law." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2048/.

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Compared with other mature engineering disciplines, fracture mechanics of concrete is still a developing field and very important for structures like bridges subject to dynamic loading. An historical point of view of what done in the field is provided and then the project is presented. The project presents an application of the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique for the detection of cracks at the surface of concrete prisms (500mmx100mmx100mm) subject to flexural loading conditions (Four Point Bending test). The technique provide displacement measurements of the region of interest and from this displacement field information about crack mouth opening (CMOD) are obtained and related to the applied load. The evolution of the fracture process is shown through graphs and graphical maps of the displacement at some step of the loading process. The study shows that it is possible with the DIC system to detect the appearance and evolution of cracks, even before the cracks become visually detectable.

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13

Lim, Wei Siang, and 林煒翔. "A comparative assessment of different legal systems and its impact on HIV/AIDS responses: a learning point for HongKong in the unabated fight against HIV/AIDS." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48424638.

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Aim. This paper reveals key considerations required to reform and enact public health legislation to reduce and maintain the low prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), in light of the growing global transmission of the epidemic. Background. There are a total of 33.3 million people living with HIV/AIDS globally, with 2.7 million becoming newly infected in 2010. Despite an overall global decline in HIV incidence of 19%, the number of newly infected people still exceeds the amount of people placed on antiretroviral drugs. HKSAR experienced a 0.5% increase in incidence in 2011, with 438 new cases reported to the Department of Health. There are currently no protective or punitive laws either for or against people living with HIV/AIDS, Men who have sex with men (MSM), sex workers or injecting drug users in HKSAR. Additionally, HIV/AIDS is not reportable under the notifiable disease act. Methods. The data used was collected between 1983 and 2012 and researched using electronic databases: MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Results. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. The themes identified from the literature are: (1) True prevalence not reflected due to unawareness of serostatus, (2) Low uptake of screening due to the fear of stigmatisation, discrimination and/or prosecution and (3) Protective laws encourage responsibility. The statistics of HIV/AIDS in HKSAR may not be reflective of the true prevalence given the current methods of data collection. Additionally, the legal system in HKSAR fails to protect against discrimination based on an individual’s sexual orientation, which can potentially exacerbate existing stigma and consequently fuel the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Hong Kong. Conclusion. The inclusion of HIV/AIDS under the notifiable disease act can provide a more accurate prevalence and incidence rate. It can also be used as a tool to evaluate ongoing prevention efforts. HIV/AIDS specific laws, with regard to transmission and exposure, are detrimental to public health efforts in managing the epidemic. Instead, protective laws, such as anti-discrimination laws and the furthering of women’s rights, would yield greater benefits.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health

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14

Li, Fan. "Interactions between fine particles." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/4494.

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Computer simulation using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) has emerged as a powerful tool in studying the behaviour of particulate systems during powder flow and compaction. Contact law between particles is the most important input to the Discrete Element simulation. However, most of the present simulations employ over-simplistic contact laws which cannot capture the real behaviour of particulate systems. For example, plastic yielding, material brittleness, sophisticated particle geometry, surface roughness, and particle adhesion are all vitally important factors affecting the behaviour of particle interactions, but have been largely ignored in most of the DEM simulations. This is because it is very difficult to consider these factors in an analytical contact law which has been the characteristic approach in DEM simulations. This thesis presents a strategy for obtaining the contact laws numerically and a comprehensive study of all these factors using the numerical approach. A numerical method, named as the Material Point Method (MPM) in the literature, is selected and shown to be ideal to study the particle interactions. The method is further developed in this work in order to take into account all the factors listed above. For example, to study the brittle failure during particle impact, Weibull’s theory is incorporated into the material point method; to study the effect of particle adhesion, inter-atomic forces are borrowed from the Molecular Dynamic model and incorporated into the method. These developments themselves represent a major progress in the numerical technique, enabling the method to be applied to a much wider range of problems. The focus of the thesis is however on the contact laws between extremely fine particles. Using the numerical technique as a tool, the entire existing theoretical framework for particle contact is re-examined. It is shown that, whilst the analytical framework is difficult to capture the real particle behaviour, numerical contact laws should be used in its place.

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15

Motiejūnaitė, Inga. "Mokinių požiūris į teisinį ugdymą bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080625_104451-89575.

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Darbo tema – mokinių požiūris į teisinį ugdymą bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje. Sistemingas ir nuoseklus teisinių žinių suteikimas mokiniams stiprina jų teisinę sąmonę. Teisės egzistavimas visuomenėje priverčia žmones daryti tai, ko kitaip jie nedarytų. Taigi teisinis ugdymas labai aktualus formuojant visuomenės sąmoningumą. Teigtina, kad teisinis ugdymas mokykloje vienas iš būdų paruošti žmogų gyvenimui visuomenėje. Mokykloje teisinis ugdymas padeda mokiniams įgyti žinias ir gebėjimus, reikiamus naudojantis savo teisėmis ir laisvėmis teisinėje sistemoje, ginant savo teises ir vykdant pareigas. Darbo tikslas - atskleisti mokinių požiūrį į teisinį ugdymą. Šiam tikslui pasiekti iškelti uždaviniai: išanalizuoti teisinio ugdymo bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje teorinius aspektus; apibūdinti mokinių požiūrio į teisinį ugdymą bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje tyrimo metodikos parinkimą; ištirti mokinių požiūrį į teisinį ugdymą. Teorinėje dalyje analizuojama teisės sąvoka, jos socialinė paskirtis bei aptarti du svarbiausi jos elementai – teisės ir pareigos. Taip pat, aptariami ugdymo teoriniai aspektai, apibrėžiamas ugdymo tikslas ir uždaviniai, be to, susietas ugdymas ir teisė kaip visuomenės formavimąsi sąlygojantys procesai. Remiantis mokymo/si programomis ir išsilavinimo standartais bei visuomenės teisinio švietimo programa aptariamos teisinio ugdymo prielaidos bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje. Iškelta hipotezė, kad teisinis ugdymas yra aktualus bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje, pasitvirtino... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Theme of the work: The attitude of schoolchildren towards law training in secondary schools. Systematic and consistent bestowal of juridical knowledge to schoolchildren strengthens their juridical consciousness. The existence of law in the society makes people do things which they would not do otherwise. Thus law training is very relevant in forming the consciousness of the society. It must be said that law training at school is one of the ways to prepare a person for life in the society. At school law training helps schoolchildren to gain knowledge and competence needed for using one’s rights and liberty in law system while defending one’s rights and meet one’s duties. The aim of the work is to reveal the attitude of schoolchildren towards law training. In order to achieve this aim such goals are raised: to analyze theoretical aspects of law training in secondary schools; to describe the selection of the methodology for studying of the attitude of schoolchildren towards law training in secondary schools; to research the attitude of schoolchildren towards law training. In the theoretical part of the work the concept of law and its social purpose is analyzed. The main elements of law – rights and duties – are also discussed. In addition to that theoretical aspects of education are discussed. The aim and goals of education are defined. Besides that education is linked to law as processes that determine the formation of the society. With reference to Education syllabus and... [to full text]

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16

Gramlich, Ludwig. "The European Unit – a Foreign Currency? : A West German Point of View." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200900545.

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The author sketches the development and legal status of the European Currency Unit (ECU), the predecessor of today's European single currency Euro, and asks whether from the perspective of (former) German monetary law, this currency unit had to be looked at not as a domestic currency ("Deutsche Mark"), but rather as a foreign one.

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17

Shannon-Flagg, Lisa. ""A Little Bit of Heaven": The Inception, Climax and Transformation of the East Washington Community in East Point, Georgia." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07012008-140348/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from file title page. Clifford Kuhn, committee chair; Jacqueline A. Rouse, committee member. Electronic text (104 [i.e. 103] p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Sept. 25, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-103).

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18

Debbiche, Hanene. "Sur des problèmes de lubrification stationnaires et instationnaires non isothermes." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES027/document.

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Анотація:

L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est d’étudier quelques problèmes elliptiques et paraboliques d’écoulement de fluides non Newtoniens incompressibles et non isothermes gouvernés par l’équation aux dérivées partielles de Stokes avec la condition de Tresca sur une partie du bord quand la viscosité dépend à la fois de la température, de la vitesse et du module du tenseur des taux de déformations. Dans le premier chapitre, on a fait une introduction générale. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous nous intéressons au couplage entre le système de Stokes et l’équation de la chaleur en régime stationnaire. On montre l’existence de la solution de l’inéquation variationnelle décrivant le système de Stokes pour une température donnée quand la viscosité dépend à la fois de la température, de la vitesse et du module du tenseur des taux de déformations en utilisant la méthode de monotonie pour la vitesse et le théorème de De Rham pour la pression. Dans un deuxième temps, on étudie l’existence et l’unicité de la température solution de l’équation de la chaleur avec un terme L1(Ω) au second membre quand la viscosité dépend à la fois de la température, de la vitesse et du module du tenseur des taux de déformations. On montre ensuite l’existence de la solution du problème variationnel couplé avec la viscosité dépend de la température et du module du tenseur des taux de déformations, en utilisant le théorème de point fixe de Schauder. Dans le troisième et le quatrième chapitre, on traite l’existence et l’unicité de la solution du système de Stokes en régime instationnaire quand la viscosité dépend de la température et du module du tenseur des taux de déformations dans les cas p = 2, p > 2 et 6 5 < p < 2 en utilisant la notion des semi-groupes et la méthode de monotonie pour la vitesse et le théorème de De Rham pour la pression. Par contre, lorsque la viscosité dépend de plus de la vitesse on obtient seulement l’existence par le théorème de point fixe de Schauder
The objective of this thesis is to study some elliptic and parabolic problems of the non-Newtonian flow of an incompressible and non isothermal fluid governed by partial differential equation of Stokes with Tresca’s condition on a part of the boundary when the fluid viscosity depends on temperature and also on the modulus of strain rate tensor and the velocity of the fluid. In the first chapter, we did a general introduction. In the second chapter, we consider the coupling between the Stokes systemand the heat equation in steady state. We prove the existence of a solution of the variational inequality describing the Stokes system when the fluid viscosity depends on temperature and also on the modulus of strain rate tensor and the velocity of the fluid of a given temperature by using the monotony methods for the velocity and De Rham’s theorem for the pressure. We study the existence and uniqueness of the temperature solution of the heat equation with L1 (Ω) term to the second member when the fluid viscosity depends on temperature and also on the modulus of strain rate tensor and the velocity of the fluid. We show the existence of a solution of the coupled variational problem when the fluid viscosity depends on temperature and also on the modulus of strain rate tensor by using Schauder fixed point theorem. In the third and the fourth chapter, we treate the existence and uniqueness of a solution of the Stokes system in unsteady state when the fluid viscosity depends only on temperature and on the modulus of strain rate tensor in the cases p = 2, p > 2 and 6 5 < p < 2 by using the notion of semigroup and monotony methods for the velocity and De Rham’s theorem for the pressure. However, when the fluid viscosity depends also on the velocity of the fluid we obtain only the existence by Schauder fixed point theorem

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19

Michalis, Ioannis. "L'intérêt à agir dans le contentieux de l'annulation des actes administratifs : étude comparée des droits français et allemand." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D048.

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L'objectif de cette thèse consiste à vériﬁer si, dans le cadre de la subjectivisation de l’intérêt à agir, de plus en plus évoquée par la doctrine, le contentieux administratif, traditionnellement présenté comme objectif n'est pas en train de se rapprocher du contentieux administratif allemand, présenté comme le contentieux subjectif par excellence. Les contentieux administratifs français et allemand ont adopté deux logiques divergentes au cours du XXe siècle après une longue période d'hésitations. Or, ces dernières années, des mutations se constatent, tant en France qu'en Allemagne, qui sont dues à deux facteurs : la multiplication, d’une part, des procès triangulaires et l’impulsion, d‘autre part, du droit de l‘Union européenne. Ainsi, le législateur et le juge administratif français ont apporté des restrictions à l'intérêt à agir, tandis que le droit allemand a été obligé de modifier la théorie classique des droits subjectifs et d'introduire des exceptions à la condition de lésion d’un droit public subjectif. Toutefois, ces convergences récentes entre les contentieux des deux Etats ne sont pas de nature, pour l‘instant, à altérer leur physionomie originelle
This dissertation aims to verify, if, because of the “subjectivisation” of the standing point, constantly raised in the literature, the French administrative procedural law. traditionally presented as an objective one, is getting closer to the German administrative procedural law. presented as the subjective procedural law par excellence. After a long period of hesitations and similarities, French and German administrative procedural laws adopted two diametrically different systems during the 20th century. However, in recent years various changes took place both in France and in Germany, which are due to two factors: the increase, on the one hand, of the number of triangular trials and the influence, on the other hand, of the European Union law. Thus. the legislator and the administrative judge restricted the standing point in France, whereas German law was led to modify the classic theory of subjective rights and to introduce some exceptions to the requirement of infringement of an individual right. Nevertheless, those similarities existing between the administrative procedural laws of the two countries do not achieve, for the time being, to alter their original structure

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20

Grimaud, Frédéric. "La scolarisation d’un élève en situation de handicap du point de vue de l’activité du professeur des écoles de classes ordinaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3016.

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Avec la loi de février 2005, des enseignants de plus en plus nombreux sont amenés à inclure, dans leur classe ordinaire, un élève en situation de handicap. Cette modification de leur situation de travail n'est pas sans conséquences sur leur activité, elle se présente comme une difficulté à surmonter avec une prescription qui apparaît comme déficitaire. En sciences de l'éducation, la question de l'inclusion est plutôt traitée du point de vue de l'élève. Notre recherche aborde quant à elle cette problématique du point de vue du travail enseignant. Empruntant nos concepts théoriques à l'ergonomie et à la clinique de l'activité, nous avons mis en place une recherche -intervention. Nous avons mené des types d'entretiens auprès de deux enseignantes du primaire scolarisant un élève en situation de handicap qui permettent une co-analyse de leur activité. La situation de travail extra-ordinaire résultant de la présence d'un élève en situation de handicap a crée un effet de loupe sur le travail de ces enseignantes. L'analyse du dialogue, au travers de cette loupe, rend possible une meilleure compréhension de l'activité réelle des enseignants. Nous montrons qu'elles surmontent les obstacles qui se présentent à elles en puisant dans le genre professionnel, dans des gestes de métier ordinaires qu'elles mobilisent pour faire preuve d'efficacité. A partir de ces résultats, nous proposons de réinterroger la prescription faite aux enseignants et questionnons alors la formation des professeurs et le syndicalisme enseignant
With the 2005 february law, more and more teachers are lead to include in their ordinary classroom disabled pupils. This institutional modification of the teacher's work conditions constitutes a difficulty to overcome whereas there is a defiticit as far as prescriptions are concerned. While many reasearches in educational sciences study inclusion from the point of view of the pupils, we focused on the teacher's activity seen as a work. Refering to the field and concepts of ergonomy, we set up a an intervention-research. Through interviews we have lead with two teachers who include disabled children, we have been able to co-analyse their activity. We have shown that this extra-ordinary situation creates a magnifying glass effect that enable the reasearcher to better understand the teacher's activity. The analysis of the interviews show that, in order to be efficient, the teachers overcome obstacles they face using ordinary professional gestures. Lying on those results, we propose to question: the institutional prescriptions adressed to the teachers, their Professional formation and syndicalism

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21

Jönsson, Lisa. "Qualified or not? : A case study about integration of people with intellectual disabilities on the labor market in Recife, PE – Brazil, using the “Quota Law” as a starting point." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-2377.

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People with intellectual disability, as a category, are an especially disadvantage group, as they often are in need of interventions from the society throughout the whole life. In Brazil, work is considered a human right and important for the construction of the social and personal identity. There is a law, called the Quota Law, which demands all companies with 100 employees or more, to employ between 2 – 5 % people with disabilities. This law aims to ensure this social right for the target group. However, several studies are pointing at the timid result the law has provided concerning employment for people with intellectual disabilities. This study intends to detect barriers, important aspects and possible solutions in order to facilitate for people with intellectual disabilities to enter the labor market using the Quota Law as a starting point. The study has an inductive and qualitative approach and the data is collected by semi-structured interviews. The respondents are all related to issues of people with intellectual disabilities and their integration on the labor market. Within the sample there are; persons with intellectual disabilities who have an employment on the labor market or have a desire to obtain a competitive employment; relatives to persons with intellectual disabilities; professionals working in two different non-government organizations (NGO´s) in Recife that provides vocational courses for the target group and finally; respondents working at public ministries who act in the area of integration of people with disabilities on the labor market. The result shows that the main barriers for people with intellectual disabilities in order to reach the labor market were considered; prejudices and discrimination of persons with intellectual disability; the lack of qualification of people with intellectual disability in combination of high qualification requirements by the employers; the lack of support in order to compensate for intellectual disabilities; that the work environments are not customized for the target group and; fear of loosing the Benefit of Continuous Support of Social Assistance (BPC). Theories of perspectives on intellectual disabilities are used to understand current interventions in order to integrate people with intellectual disabilities on the labor market. One conclusion is that there is a need for further efforts towards the target group in order to really obtain an effective integration for people with intellectual disability on the labor market.

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22

Birckholz, da silva Brenno. "Le point optimal de la fiscalité internationale et son impact économique dans l'internationalisation productive : une étude du rapport coût-bénéfice fiscal sous la perspective des régimes brésilien et français." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0054.

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Le présent travail a pour but une étude sur l’impact économique de la taxation des bénéfices perçus offshore dans la compétitivité de la classe d’affaires nationale, sous la perspective des régimes brésilien et français. Feront l’objet d’analyse les lois étrangères des pays suivants: l’Afrique du Sud, l’Allemagne, l’Argentine, l’Australie, le Brésil, le Canada, la Chine, la Corée du Sud, l’Espagne, les États-Unis, la France, l’Italie, le Japon, la Nouvelle-Zélande, la Norvège, le Portugal et le Royaume Uni. La distribution topique s’est produit en raison de lignes directrices géo-sociales, de racine des systèmes normatives (commonlaw et civil law) et aussi (et surtout) selon la prépondérance dans la participation, dans l’influence et dans le protagonisme décisionnel de l’orientation géopolitique mondiale. Le contenu cerne de la recherche fut orienté à partir de deux prémisses de base: i ) évaluer in concreto l’impact des normes juridiques sur la performance économique des entreprises nationales et leur compétitivité sur le marché international ; et ii) à partir de l’extraction des données statistiques empiriques sur le montant brut des bénéfices perçus offshore selon chacune des administrations fiscales paramètre, de l’impact de la charge fiscale sur ces éléments, et du contenu des indices de « collecte fiscale » et d’ « efficacité fiscale », établir parmi les politiques fiscales analysées celle qui présente la meilleure corrélation « coût-bénéfice », et par conséquent un point optimal à l’interface entre le droit fiscal international et le développement économique et productif national. Notre défi, dernièrement, sera de proposer une construction fiscale permettant de contribuer à l’amélioration des systèmes fiscaux analysés, en leur fournissant de l’efficacité et de la rationalité, de manière à ainsi contribuer au développement économique et social des deux pays-cible, la France et le Brésil
The scope of this Thesis is to study the economic impact of the taxation of offshore revenue on the competitiveness of the national business class under the Brazilian and French regimes. Foreign laws of the following Jurisdictions will be analyzed: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, South Korea, Spain, United States, France, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway,Portugal and the United Kingdom. Topical distribution has occurred based on geo-social guidelines, the root of normative systems (commonlaw and civil law) and also (and above all) as per the preponderance in participation and decision-making influence in global geopolitical orientation. The research content was based on two basic premises: i) assessing in concreto the impact of legal norms on the economic performance of national enterprises and their competitiveness on theinternational market; and ii) from the extraction of empirical statistical data on the gross amount of offshore revenue produced by each tax administration, the impact of the tax burden on these items and the content of the « tax collection » and « fiscal efficiency » indexes, to establish among the fiscal policies analyzed the one(s) with the best « cost-benefit ratio » correlation, and therefore an optimal point to the interface between international tax law and national economic and productive development. Our challenge, eventually, will be to propose a fiscal construction in order to contribute to the improvement of the tax systems analyzed, by providing them with efficiency and rationality, thus contributing to the economic and social development of the two target countries, France and Brazil

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23

Do, Van-Cuong. "Analyse statistique de processus stochastiques : application sur des données d’orages." Thesis, Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIS526/document.

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Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse concernent l'analyse statistique de cas particuliers du processus de Cox. Dans une première partie, nous proposons une synthèse des résultats existants sur le processus power-law (processus d'intensité puissance), synthèse qui ne peut être exhaustive étant donné la popularité de ce processus. Nous considérons une approche bayésienne pour l'inférence des paramètres de ce processus qui nous conduit à introduire et à étudier en détails une distribution que nous appelons loi H-B. Cette loi est une loi conjuguée. Nous proposons des stratégies d'élicitation des hyperparamètres et étudions le comportement des estimateurs de Bayes par des simulations. Dans un deuxième temps, nous étendons ces travaux au cas du processus d’intensité exponentielle (exponential-law process). De la même façon, nous définissons et étudions une loi conjuguée pour l'analyse bayésienne de ce dernier. Dans la dernière partie de la thèse, nous considérons un processus auto-excité qui intègre une covariable. Ce travail est motivé, à l'origine, par un problème de fiabilité qui concerne des données de défaillances de matériels exposés à des environnements sévères. Les résultats sont illustrés par des applications sur des données d'activités orageuses collectées dans deux départements français. Enfin, nous donnons quelques directions de travail et perspectives de futurs développements de l'ensemble de nos travaux
The work presented in this PhD dissertation concerns the statistical analysis of some particular cases of the Cox process. In a first part, we study the power-law process (PLP). Since the literature for the PLP is abundant, we suggest a state-of-art for the process. We consider the classical approach and recall some important properties of the maximum likelihood estimators. Then we investigate a Bayesian approach with noninformative priors and conjugate priors considering different parametrizations and scenarios of prior guesses. That leads us to define a family of distributions that we name H-B distribution as the natural conjugate priors for the PLP. Bayesian analysis with the conjugate priors are conducted via a simulation study and an application on real data. In a second part, we study the exponential-law process (ELP). We review the maximum likelihood techniques. For Bayesian analysis of the ELP, we define conjugate priors: the modified- Gumbel distribution and Gamma-modified-Gumbel distribution. We conduct a simulation study to compare maximum likelihood estimates and Bayesian estimates. In the third part, we investigate self-exciting point processes and we integrate a power-law covariate model to this intensity of this process. A maximum likelihood procedure for the model is proposed and the Bayesian approach is suggested. Lastly, we present an application on thunderstorm data collected in two French regions. We consider a strategy to define a thunderstorm as a temporal process associated with the charges in a particular location. Some selected thunderstorms are analyzed. We propose a reduced maximum likelihood procedure to estimate the parameters of the Hawkes process. Then we fit some thunderstorms to the power-law covariate self-exciting point process taking into account the associated charges. In conclusion, we give some perspectives for further work

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24

Karlsson, Linnea, and Aleksandra Banda. "Avtalstolkning i det digitala samhället med fokus på konsumentförhållanden." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-73003.

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I det digitala samhället pågår en ständig utveckling, och konsumenter ingår mer och mer avtal på internet. Lagen (1915:218) om avtal och andra rättshandlingar på förmögenhetsrättens område, (fortsättningsvis, avtalslagen eller AvtL) tilkom för mer än 100 år sedan. Det traditionella sättet att ingå avtal mellan avtalsparterna är i pappersform genom att ena parten lämnar ett anbud som följer av en accept av motparten. Idag har utvecklingen gått framåt och det är idag vanligare att konsumenter ingår avtal på internet genom att acceptera avtalsvillkor som är utformade som standardavtal. Anledningen till det är att standardiserade avtal gör det möjligt för näringsidkaren att nå ut till en större kundkrets och således inte behöver upprätta individuella avtal i varje avtalsförhållande. Det är därför förmånligt att tillämpa standardavtal mellan näringsidkare och konsument. Konsumenter accepterar och ingår dagligen avtal på internet genom att godkänna avtalsvillkor eller användarvillkor för att få tillgång till en hemsida, det sker främst genom clickwrap-avtal.1 En konsument kan även bli bunden av ett avtal utan att acceptera avtalsvillkor genom, s.k browsewrap-avtal. 2Det är vanligt att konsumenter godkänner villkor på internet utan vetskap om att de har ingått ett avtal. Konsumenter binder sig till avtal på internet genom ett enkelt knapptryck eller genom att enbart besöka hemsidan. Om villkoren som konsumenter accepterar anses oskäliga finns det möjlighet att tillämpa det tvingande ogiltighetsreglerna i avtalslagen för att jämka eller ogiltighetsförklara hela eller delar av avtalet. I uppsatsen analyseras frågan i vilka fall en konsument anses juridisk bunden av ett avtal på internet samt hur domstolen bör gå tillväga vid tolkning av elektroniska avtal med hjälp av avtalsrättsliga tolkningsprinciper. Slutligen analyseras vilka ogiltighetsgrunder i avtalslagen som kan tillämpas på elektroniska avtal som bedöms oskäliga. För att undersöka vilka avtal eller avtalsvillkor som kan bedömas oskäliga gentemot konsumenten tillämpas även lagen om avtal och andra rättshandlingar på förmögenhetsrättens område (1915:218) (AVLK) samt lagen (2005:59) om distansavtal och avtal utanför affärslokaler (distansavtalslagen eller DAvtL). Uppsatsen avslutas med en slutsats kring våra egna reflektioner på området där vi kommer fram till att det inte finns ett entydigt svar kring vilka avtalsrättsliga bestämmelser och principer som är tillämpbara på elektroniska avtal. Det har lett till att dagens digitala samhälle har skapat ett behov av en förnyad avtalslag som är mer anpassad för avtal som ingås på internet.

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25

Broseta, Daniel. "Demixtion dans les melanges de polymeres en solution." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066287.

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Анотація:

Dans les melanges de polymeres dissous dans un bon solvant, la disparite chimique n'introduit qu'une correction dans les interactions de volume exclu. La prise en compte de ces deux effets permet de decrire correctement la demixtion de melanges incompatibles. Analyse du cas de deux polymeres chimiquement identiques, en fonction du rapport de leurs poids moleculaires

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26

Galli, Giacomo. "Etude des décharges partielles dans une chambre à fission haute température." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC109/document.

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Le Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) a en charge la conception d'un réacteur à neutrons rapides de quatrième génération.L'instrumentation neutronique de ce futur réacteur s'appuiera sur des chambres à fission placées en cuve. Ces chambres à fission à haute température (CFHT) devront fonctionner à pleine puissance à une température comprise entre 400°C et 650°C.Un bilan récent de la technologie CFHT a révélé que certains points sont à améliorer afin d'en garantir une plus grande fiabilité.En particulier, on recherche une meilleure compréhension du phénomène de décharges partielles. Celles-ci engendrent des impulsions non discernables de celles produites par les fragments de fission du dépôt fissile.Par ailleurs, elles pourraient accélérer le vieillissement des isolants minéraux.En s'appuyant sur une démarche expérimentale et théorique, ce travail de thèse a apporté plusieurs résultats.Les tests sur les différentes chambres à fission ont permis de caractériser les signaux de DP, vis à vis des signaux neutroniques et de trouver une méthode efficace de discrimination DP-neutron. De la même manière, les signaux DP ont été localisés et une solution technologique a été proposée et mise en oeuvre avec succès pour les éliminer.Un outil de calcul pour la simulation des impulsions neutroniques a été conçu et testé avec succès.Une expérience sur l'effet de la température sur la courbe de Paschen, dans un volume de gaz fermé, a été conçue et réalisée en donnant les premiers résultats intéressants
The Commission for Atomic and Alternative Energy (CEA) is in charge of the fourth generation fast neutron reactor design. The instrumentation for neutron flux measurement of this future reactor will be based on fission chambers placed in-core. These high temperature fission chambers (HTFC) will have to operate at full reactor power, and thus at a temperature between 400°C and 650°C.A recent review of HTFC technology has revealed that some points need improvement to ensure greater reliability.In particular, a better understanding of the phenomenon of partial discharges (PD), which are observed in the fission chambers at high temperature, is needed. These PD pulses are indistinguishable from those produced by the products of fission caused by collision with neutrons with the fissile deposit within thechambers.In addition, they could accelerate aging of the ceramic insulators used in the chambers.Based on both experimental and theoretical approaches, this PhD work found several results.Tests on different fission chambers made it possible to characterize the DP signals vis-a-vis the neutron signals and to find an operational DP-neutron discrimination method. The DP signals were localized and a technological solution was proposed and successfully implemented to eliminate them.A calculation tool for neutron pulse simulation was also designed and tested successfully.An experiment on the effect of temperature on the Paschen curve, in a closed gas volume, was designed and carried out giving initial interesting results

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27

Chalard, Rémi. "Robustesse à la variabilité du comportement mécanique du point d'insertion en chirurgie mini-invasive robotisée. Application à la biopsie de prostate." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS591.

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La chirurgie mini-invasive (MIS) permet au chirurgien d'opérer un patient sans avoir à l'inciser entièrement. Cette chirurgie consiste à insérer des instruments chirurgicaux à travers des orifices artificiels ou naturels. Bien que très avantageux pour le patient, elle entraîne de nombreuses contraintes pour le chirurgien. Afin d'améliorer les conditions de chirurgie pour le praticien, des systèmes robotisés ont été développés. Ces solutions permettent de comanipuler ou télémanipuler l'outil chirurgical en se basant sur le modèle du bras de levier pour traduire le problème de contrôle d'un instrument à travers un orifice. Ces travaux montrent qu'une petite erreur de calibration dans le modèle de la littérature peut entraîner une grande erreur statique et une divergence lors de déplacements automatiques en MIS. Pour assurer une minimisation des efforts appliqués sur la zone d'insertion, la thèse se concentre sur les robots anthropomorphiques à poignet libre. Pour réaliser des déplacements automatiques précis, il faut pouvoir connaître à tout instant et le plus précisément possible l'interaction entre le poignet du robot et la pointe de l'instrument. Pour cela, deux estimateurs sont implémentés dans une commande sur un robot à poignet libre et testés sur un set-up expérimental simulant l'insertion d'un instrument chirurgical à travers un orifice. Après avoir démontré la nécessité de prendre en compte les déformations des tissus pour des opérations telles que la biopsie de la prostate, la commande est utilisée dans une boucle d'asservissement visuel. Cet asservissement visuel permet de contrôler le positionnement d'une sonde échographique pour des biopsies de prostate
Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) allows the surgeon to operate without cutting open the patient. This kind of surgery, which consists in the insertion of surgical tools through artificial or natural orifices, is spreading rapidly. Even though this technique presents numerous advantages for the patient, it presents many constraints for the surgeon. Many robotic devices have been developed to improve the working conditions of the surgeons. These solutions are based on a teleoperation or a co-manipulation of the surgical tool. The lever arm model has been used in the control of the instrument through an orifice. In this thesis, it is shown that a small calibration error in the lever arm problem can lead to a big static error and even to a divergence during automatic displacements in a Minimally Invasive Surgery context. To minimize the efforts applied to the insertion area, this thesis focuses on a free-wrist anthropomorphic robot. To automatically move with accuracy, the interaction between the robot wrist and the tool point needs to be known at every time step. Two estimators have been developed and implemented in a control law for a wrist free anthropomorphic robot. This control law has been tested on a experimental setup simulating the insertion of a surgical tool through an orifice. The need to take the tissues deformations into account once demonstrated for surgeries such as prostate or uterine biopsy, the control law has been used in a visual servoing loop based on ultrasound images. This visual servoing can be used to control the position of an ultrasound probe for prostate biopsies

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28

Castillo, Justine. "Les interprètes de la Convention de Genève du 28 juillet 1951 relative au statut des réfugiés : Étude du point de vue de la France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0062/document.

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Plus de soixante ans après son adoption, la Convention de Genève compte 145 États parties.Instrument juridique universel sur le statut des réfugiés, elle est la lex specialis du droit international desréfugiés. Qui est réfugié ? Quelle protection lui est accordée ? Ces deux questions se posent avec uneacuité certaine du fait de l’accroissement des flux migratoires, des crises multiples et de la lutte contre leterrorisme. Le contexte actuel de l’application de la Convention est différent de celui de son adoption.Rédigée par la voie de dispositions générales, elle doit être interprétée pour être appliquée. Cependant, iln’existe pas un interprète. Si les États, le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés et laCour internationale de justice sont les interprètes officiels, ils ne sont pas les seuls. L’Office français deprotection des réfugiés et apatrides et la Cour nationale du droit d’asile jouent un rôle important et la Coureuropéenne des droits de l’homme et la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne jouent un rôle grandissant.Cette multiplicité d’interprètes peut causer une diversité d’interprétations. Or, les interprétationsdivergentes nuisent à la lisibilité et la visibilité de la Convention en tant qu’instrument de définition et deprotection des réfugiés. La présente étude est une analyse de la contribution des interprètes aux évolutionsde la Convention. Dans cette perspective, la prolifération des instruments du droit européen etinternational des droits de l’homme et la complexification des déplacements contraints de personnes sontdes paramètres incontournables, pris en compte par les interprètes, pour éclairer le sens et la portée de laConvention
More than sixty years after its adoption, the Geneva Convention counts 145 States ascontracting Parties. This universal legal instrument on refugee’s status represents the lex specialis ofinternational refugee Law. Who can be a refugee? What can be his level of protection? These questionsare particularly relevant under the influence of the increasing population flows, the multiples crises andthe fight against terrorism. The current context of the Convention’s application is different than the one ofits adoption. And due to its general provisions, this Convention needs to be interpreted in order to beapplied. However, there is no sole interpreter. The States, the United Nations High Commissioner forRefugees and the International Court of Justice are indeed the official interpreters, but not the only onesensuring this mission. Not only the French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons andthe National Court of Asylum play an important role in this matter, but the European Court of HumanRights and the Court of Justice of the European Union also play an expanding role. This multiplicity ofinterpreters can induce a variety of interpretations. Nevertheless, a divergent interpretation can affect thereadability and the visibility of the Convention as a refugee defining and protective legal instrument. Thepresent study constitutes an analysis of the interpreters’ contribution to the Convention’s developments. Inthis perspective, the overgrowth of European and International Human Rights Law instrument and thecomplexity of forced migration are ineluctable feature, taken into account by the interpreters, to clarify themeaning and the scope of the Convention

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Forsberg, Bella, and Jenny Larsson. "Vad anses som en kritisk punkt där skadeståndsskyldighet enligt principen culpa in contrahendo aktualiseras?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42911.

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Mycket kan gå fel när en part, i ett sent skede, väljer att hoppa av avtalsförhandlingarna i samband med ett bostadsköp eller en bostadsförsäljning. I svensk rätt är fastighetsköpet ett formalavtal vilket innebär att inget är bindande förrän formkraven är uppfyllda. Detta möjliggör att en part illojalt kan föra avtalsförhandlingar utan avsikt att ingå avtal, medan motparten ådrar sig kostnader som senare visar sig utan mening. I denna uppsats undersöks rättsfiguren culpa in contrahendo som innebär att en part som av oaktsamhet orsakat en skada för motparten i anknytning till avtalsförhandlingarna, kan komma att bli ersättningsskyldig för den inträffade skadan. Inte nog med att det krävs ett oaktsamt agerande för att ett prekontraktuellt ansvar skall aktualiseras ställs det även krav, utifrån rättspraxis och doktrin, på att avtalsförhandlingarna uppnått en kritisk punkt där lojalitetsplikten träder in. Syftet med denna uppsats är att försöka bringa klarhet i vad som kan betraktas som en kritisk punkt där ett skadeståndsansvar enligt principen om culpa in contrahendo blir gällande. Studien är främst baserad på en rättsvetenskaplig metod, som komplement har också en kvantitativ metod applicerats i form av en enkätundersökning. Utifrån rättspraxis har det kunnat fastställas att en kritisk punkt går att jämföra med de situationer där parterna undertecknat ett föravtal. Resultatet från enkätundersökningen visar att den kritiska punkten möjligen har sitt inträdande i samband med att en av parterna undertecknar köpekontraktet. Viktigt att understryka är att respondenternas svar inte kan betraktas som gällande rätt.
A lot of things can go wrong when a part, at a late stage, exits during contract negotiations in connection with property conveyances. In Swedish law, the property purchase is a formal agreement, which means that nothing becomes binding until the formal requirements are met. This allows a part to disloyally negotiate agreements without intending to enter a contract, while the other part incurs costs that later prove meaningless. This essay investigates the legal figure culpa in contrahendo, which means that a part whose negligence causes an injury to the counterpart in connection with the contract negotiations may be liable for the damage. Not only is negligent behaviour required for a pre-contractual liability to be triggered, but there is also requirement, based on case law and jurisprudence, that the contract negotiations have reached a critical point where the duty of loyalty enters. The purpose of this essay is to try to clarify what can be considered a critical point where liability for damages according to the principle of culpa in contrahendo becomes valid. The study is mainly based on a legal method. As a complement, a quantitative method in the form of a study has been applied. Based on case law, it has been possible to establish that a critical point can be compared with the situations where the parties have signed a preliminary agreement. The results from the survey show that the critical point may have arisen when one of the parties signed the contract. It is important to emphasize that the respondent’s answers cannot be regarded as applicable law.

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30

Mah, Geoffrey. "The Warsaw Convention : points of controversy." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23917.

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The Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air of 1929 is a multilateral treaty that seeks to unify the legal regime the international carriage of passengers, baggage and cargo by air. One aspect of this regime is the regime of liability imposed on air carriers, which is characterised by a presumption of fault and liability on the carrier, thereby reversing the burden of proof, while at the same time imposing monetary limits to the damages for which the carrier is liable.
In the sixty-one years that the Convention has been in force, several points of controversy have arisen in the interpretation of the Convention. Of these, the main controversies are whether carriers are liable for mental injury under Article 17, whether punitive damages may be awarded to victims, and what is meant by willful misconduct under Article 25.
Since there are 126 States party to the Convention, the investigation of the above issues is necessarily multi-jurisdictional. The conclusion of the investigation is that in the course of judicial interpretation by the various courts, applying various approaches and guided by different policy considerations, the Convention has unfortunately become disunified.

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Haurinen, A. (Anu). "Living lab value creation:an ecosystem point of view." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201510072025.

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The growing costs of the healthcare sector are a severe problem that needs to be resolved in order to provide a good quality care for the ones needing it. New and innovative solutions can, for example, help to lower the costs without endangering the patient safety and provide new operation models which enable the development of beneficial cooperation between healthcare actors. Innovations can also enable the care of patients that could not be treated with existing solutions. Living labs are innovation platforms that aim to create innovative and user-centred solutions by supporting development work and enabling real-environment testing and cooperative processes. Living labs can also help to increase the amount of innovations. This thesis examines the living lab methodology and its value creation for the ecosystem using a living lab acting on a health and wellbeing field, the OuluHealth Labs, as a case example. The thesis is made as a part of the Business Ecosystems and Platforms project at the Industrial Engineering and Management research group in the University of Oulu. The aim is to find internal factors that affect the viability of the living lab and identify how the living lab creates value to the ecosystem actors. Study is done as a qualitative case study using the triangulation approach for the empirical data collection and analysis. Living labs are complex unities that have several influential factors. In case of the OuluHealth Labs, several factors affect its viability, namely, the bureaucracy, planned lifetime, the formation of communication barriers, scale, management, technical infrastructure, information control, ecosystem strategy, effective cooperation, the involvement of the public sector, trust creation, ownership, responding to the market needs, and the relation to the real environment. The living lab also needs to create value to the ecosystem around it. The OuluHealth Labs aims to create value via collaborative processes, offered spaces, expert services, and promotion of networking. The collaborative processes and the expert services can, for example, ease the bureaucratic processes linked to the health and wellbeing field solutions by offering standardised processes for the application and license processes. The received results can provide guidelines for a healthcare related the living lab in the design phase. However, the relation of the case example to the public sector and the special characteristics of the healthcare sector should be taken into consideration when assessing the suitability of the results in general use
Terveydenhuoltosektorin kasvavat kustannukset ovat ongelma, joka tulee ratkaista jotta laadukasta hoitoa kyetään jatkossakin tarjoamaan sitä tarvitseville. Uudenlaisten innovatiivisten ratkaisujen avulla on mahdollista saada kustannukset laskuun potilasturvallisuutta vaarantamatta ja kehittää uudenlaisia toimintamalleja jotka mahdollistavat hyödyllisen ja tehostavan yhteistyötoiminnan terveydenhuollon toimijoiden välillä. Innovaatioiden avulla voidaan myös löytää hoitomenetelmiä joiden avulla voidaan hoitaa potilaita, joille aiemmin ei ollut hoitoa tarjolla. Living labit ovat innovaatioalustoja, jotka pyrkivät luomaan innovatiivisia ja käyttäjäkeskeisiä ratkaisuja tukemalla kehitystyötä ja yhteistyöprosesseja sekä mahdollistamalla testauksen oikeassa käyttöympäristössä. Living lab menetelmällä voidaan myös lisätä syntyneiden innovaatioiden määrää. Tässä työssä tarkastellaan living lab menetelmää ja sen arvonluontia ekosysteemille käyttäen esimerkkinä terveyden- ja hyvinvointialaan liittyvää OuluHealth Labsia. Työ on tehty osana Business Ecosystems and Platforms for Innovations projektia Oulun yliopiston tuotantotalouden tutkimusryhmässä. Työn tavoitteena on tunnistaa sisäiset tekijät, jotka vaikuttavat living labin elinkelpoisuuteen ja löytää mekanismit, joilla OuluHealth Labs luo arvoa ympärillään olevalle ekosysteemille. Työ on tehty kvalitatiivisena tapaustutkimuksena käyttäen menetelmä- ja teoriatriangulaatiota. Living labit ovat monimutkaisia kokonaisuuksia joissa on useita vaikuttavia tekijöitä mukana. OuluHealth Labsin tapauksessa elinkelpoisuuteen vaikuttaviksi tekijöiksi tunnistettiin byrokratia, suunniteltu elinikä, kommunikaatio esteiden muodostuminen, laajuus, johtaminen, tekninen infrastruktuuri, informaatiovirtojen kontrolli, ekosysteemin strategia, tehokas yhteistyö, julkisen sektorin osallistuminen, luottamuksen muodostaminen, omistus, markkinoiden kysyntään vastaaminen ja yhteys todelliseen ympäristöön. Kyetäkseen toimimaan living labin tulee luoda arvoa ympärillään olevalle ekosysteemille. OuluHealth Labs luo arvoa yhteistyöprosessien, tilapalveluiden, asiantuntijapalveluiden ja verkostoitumisen edistämisen kautta. Yhteistyöprosessit ja asiantuntijapalvelut luovat arvoa esimerkiksi pyrkimällä vähentämään aikaa, joka asiakasyrityksillä kuluu terveydenhuoltoalalle ominaiseen byrokratiaan. Tämä voi tapahtua muun muassa kehittämällä valmiita prosesseja lupa- ja hakemusmenettelyjen tueksi. Suunnitteluvaiheessa olevat terveydenhoito- ja hyvinvointialaan liittyvät living labit voivat hyödyntää tämän tutkimuksen tuloksia. OuluHealth Labsin suhde julkiseen sektoriin ja terveysalaan liittyvät erikoispiirteet, kuten lait ja säännökset tulee ottaa huomioon arvioitaessa tulosten sopivuutta yleiseen käyttöön

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Boreš, Martin. "Kvantifikace dopadů zavedení jednoho inkasního místa." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197409.

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In this diploma thesis, "Quantifying the impacts of implementation of the second phase of the introduction of a Single Collection Point", the reader will become familiar with the impacts of the implementation of the second phase of a Single Collection Point - the law on public insurance and administration of income tax of individuals and some provisions of the Act to amend the Acts relating to the establishment of a Single Collection Point and other changes in tax and insurance laws. The first descriptive part is devoted to the development of the project "Single Collection Point" as a whole. The main goal of this work is to identify the impacts on different groups of taxpayers because of the full implementation of the second phase of a Single Collection Point. Processing of the obtained information, I come to the main conclusion that the full implementation of the second phase of a Single Collection Point entails a reduction in the tax burden for the self-employed people, increase the tax burden for the people without taxable income and then also shift the tax burden from the employer to the employee.

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Santos, Jaqueline Lucca. "A função primordial da regra jurídica : a construção do ponto de vista interno a partir das críticas às teorias de Holmes e Kelsen." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/147075.

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A pretensão do positivismo jurídico é o esclarecimento teórico para se realizar uma descrição correta do direito. A presente dissertação busca verificar qual a abordagem mais adequada para se alcançar a concretização da separação do direito da moral, sendo que o fio condutor é a obra de H.L.A. Hart, na qual se destaca o livro The Concept of Law. Dessa maneira, o problema a que se propõe o trabalho é evidenciar a complexidade da separação do direito da moral. Pretende-se demonstrar, principalmente através da teoria e obra de Herbert Hart, que Oliver Holmes e Hans Kelsen ao apresentarem seus projetos para separação do direito da moralidade, trataram o direito do ponto de vista descritivo, perdendo a caracterização do próprio direito. O primeiro capítulo é dedicado a apresentar e explicar o projeto positivista, já que condutas exigíveis por regras jurídicas não se confundem com as condutas exigidas por regras morais, ainda que conjuntamente possam existir. Ainda nesse capítulo apresentam-se algumas noções importantes para a compreensão e desenvolvimento do trabalho em relação à teoria de Hart, em especial no que tange ao ponto de vista interno e externo. No segundo capítulo é abordada a obra de Holmes, The Path of the Law, e as principais críticas construídas por Hart e discutidas por Stephen Perry e Scott Shapiro. Partindo-se da perspectiva do homem mau presente na teoria, pretende-se demonstrar que esta é insuficiente para compreender a teoria do direito, em especial nas razões pelas quais um cidadão segue o direito, já que nem todos estariam preocupados em qual é a sanção que receberão do Estado caso desobedeçam à regra. No terceiro e último capítulo demonstra-se quais os problemas da teoria de Kelsen apontadas por Hart. Especialmente no que se refere à ideia de Kelsen de que o direito é só forma, podendo ter qualquer conteúdo, enquanto que Hart acredita que o direito deve possuir conteúdo mínimo. Segundo Kelsen, a estrutura normativa é pressuposta, sendo que a regra funciona como esquema de interpretação e a principal função desta é a sanção. O objetivo final do trabalho é demonstrar que neste projeto de tentar salvar a autonomia do direito, Holmes e Kelsen descaracterizaram o fenômeno jurídico como uma prática social.
The claim of legal positivism is the theoretical clarification to perform a correct description of the law. This work aims to verify the most appropriate approach to achieving the implementation of the separation of law from morality, and the common thread is the work of H.L.A. Hart, which stresses the book The Concept of Law. Thus, the problem that is proposed work is to show the complexity of separating law from morals. We intend to show, especially through the theory and work of Herbert Hart, that Oliver Holmes and Hans Kelsen when presented their projects for separating the right of morality, they treated law of the descriptive point of view, losing the characterization of the law itself. The first chapter is dedicated to present and explain the positivist project, as required by legal conduct rules are not confused with the conduct required by moral rules, albeit jointly may exist. Although this chapter presents some important concepts for understanding and development work in relation to Hart's theory, especially with regard to internal and external point of view. The second chapter discussed the work of Holmes, The Path of the Law, and the main criticisms built by Hart and discussed by Stephen Perry and Scott Shapiro. Starting from the bad man present perspective in theory, intended to demonstrate that this is insufficient to understand the theory of law, in particular the reasons why a citizen follows the law, since not everyone would be worried about what is the sanction which receive if they disobey the rule. In the third and last chapter shows is that the problems of Kelsen's theory pointed out by Hart. Especially with regard to the idea of Kelsen that law is shaped and can have any content, while Hart believes that law should have a minimum content. According to Kelsen, the regulatory framework is presupposed, and the rule works as interpretation scheme and the main function of this is the sanction. The ultimate goal of the work is to demonstrate that this project of trying to save the autonomy of law, Holmes and Kelsen misrepresent the legal phenomenon as a social practice.

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Bjarnason, Stefan Jay. "Lawn and order : gated communities and social interaction in Dana Point, California /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9963441.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 328-349). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9963441.

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Ohlander, Anna. "Foil-based Lab-on-Chip technologies for advanced Point-of-Care molecular diagnostics." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Proteomik och nanobioteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-205933.

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Infectious diseases pose a serious threat to global health. Molecular diagnostics provide solutions for effective control and prevention of infections, however suffers from expensive laboratory equipment, and infrastructure to be fully implemented at point of care (POC), especially at low-resource settings. Lab-on-a-chip that aims to integrate complex biochemical analyses into automated systems is promising for POC analysis. A major challenge is the integration of a complete molecular diagnostic assay, generally translating into complex microfluidics, with the requirement of low fabrication cost. This thesis explores the use of flexible electronics, plastic foils and roll-to-roll manufacturing to enable low-cost microfluidic systems, for molecular diagnostic assays especially targeted towards infectious diseases. Many biochemical assays rely on heat; hence a first aspect in this thesis is the integration of a microheater into microfluidics. In a first project a system for SNP-genotyping is presented using solid phase melting curve analysis to discriminate mutations at a single base resolution. Starting with a glass based concept (paper I) which is further developed to a foil based system (paper II), detection of the polymorphism in the neuropeptide Y associated with increased risk of type II diabetes is demonstrated as a proof of principle. Further development and optimization of the microheater concept has enabled roll-to-roll manufacturing compatibility and multiplexing of targets (paper III). A bacterial sub-typing and multiresistance detection in clinical Staphylococcus Aureus samples is demonstrated for applications in infectious diseases diagnostics. Finally, the microheater concept is further developed to enable μPCR (paper IV). Detection of genomic HIV-1 is demonstrated and a portable detection setup based on an LED light source and low cost CMOS camera for detection was developed. A second aspect of this thesis is integration of light sources and optical detection (paper V-VI). A multilayer system integrating an electroluminescent light source, reactive sensor dyes and organic semiconductor transistor for detection is demonstrated. The system could be used for amine detection in gases (paper V). System was made further roll-to-roll compatible. The system uses an external LED light source and a photodetector processed in only one screen printing- and one dispensing step (paper VI). As a proof of principle, absorbance based DNA hybridization was detected. Collectively, roll-to-roll manufacturing compatible “lab on foil” systems have the potential to improve our ability to diagnose at POC especially at resource-limited settings.

QC 20170426

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36

Shen, Li. "PORTABLE MULTIPLEXED OPTICAL DETECTION FOR POINT-OF-CARE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367943692.

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Collerson, Rosemary Ruth Hordern. "The Penitential Psalms as a focus point for lay piety in late medieval England." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17996.

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During the late Middle Ages in England, the practice of religion was paramount in the lives of many of the laity. The Church taught that mankind was totally sinful and that penitence was essential. Salvation was obtained by calling on Christ and throwing oneself on His mercy. Recitation of the Penitential Psalms, which encapsulated the late medieval attitude towards penitence and piety, was one way to achieve this. Available at first in Latin (the language of the medieval Church), from about 1250 these Psalms started to appear in translations into Middle English, the vernacular of the people. These Psalms were part of Psalters, then later appeared as a discrete liturgical group in Books of Hours (also known as Primers); the people had knowledge of them at first in Latin, but then in their own everyday language. The Office of the Dead, containing three of these Psalms, was also part of the Book of Hours, and this formed an essential part of the acts of dying and burial, while there were frequent requests in wills for some or all of the Penitential Psalms to be said as part of a person’s obsequies. Commentaries, one written in the vernacular by Richard Rolle and one translated from French by Dame Eleanor Hull, focussed the attention of readers on Christ. The tone of these commentaries contained the penitential and affective spirit of the teachings of the Church, so would have enabled many to incorporate the Penitential Psalms into their daily devotions. In these Psalms, the voice of Christ Himself was evident, so that He spoke directly to any who heard or read them here. The final group of texts to be discussed here were written in verse as meditations on the Penitential Psalms. These meditations employed graphic descriptions of Christ’s sufferings for mankind, and encapsulated the Christian message within a framework of penitence. Access to these Penitential Psalms was both auditory and visual. People heard them as part of many church services, and read them in the Psalter and later in Books of Hours and Primers. When meditations on these Psalms became available in the vernacular, members of the laity could use them as a preparation before their annual confession or incorporate them into their daily devotional lives. The Penitential Psalms, because there were many points of access, gradually became embedded in late medieval affective piety.

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Anderson, Whitney Allison. "“You’re Not Part of the Family”: Understanding the Turning Points and Family System Consequences of High Conflict Mother-/Daughter-in-Law Relationships." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25667.

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Popular culture representations of in-law relationships are frequently negative, and research has affirmed the communication difficulties associated with these non-kin, nonvoluntary relationships. Mother-in-law/daughter-in-law (MIL/DIL) relationships face unique challenges, as these women compete for the position of “kinkeeper,” or the person who manages relationships throughout the family. When MIL/DIL relationships are characterized by conflict and negative feelings toward one another, the family system suffers. To better understand the implications of “high conflict” MIL/DIL relationships on entire families, 27 DILs were interviewed about the turning points they had experienced with their MILs and the repercussions of the MIL/DIL relationship throughout the family system. Nine turning point categories emerged inductively from the data, along with several consequences for relationships throughout the family system, including DIL/husband, MIL/grandchildren, and husband/mother. Findings indicate high conflict MIL/DIL relationships do not just lead to negative outcomes for the two women involved, but also for other members across the family system.

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Aquino, Theófilo Miguel de. "O espaço jurídico das religiões: o debate sobre secularização visto pelo direito." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24183.

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A dissertação mapeia parte do debate teórico sobre secularização para mostrar como os seus autores não analisam a prática jurídica em seus diagnósticos e como as suas conclusões são prejudicadas por essa desconsideração. A pesquisa argumenta três pontos principais nas ressalvas que direciona aos argumentos do debate. Primeiro, existe uma razão jurídica que permite a influência pública de religiões na vida social. Segundo, diferentes formas de experimentar a fé e modos de relação entre religião e vida social são constituídos também através de sentidos de valores jurídicos autônomos. Terceiro, uma prática jurídica secular constitui e regula os conflitos sociais de modo que se torna inescapável estudar o direito para que se entenda completamente como esses conflitos existem no mundo. Esses três pontos permitem afirmar que ocorreu um tipo específico de secularização, que é a independência do direito com relação ao ambiente institucional de um sistema religioso monopolizado. Assim, retoma-se o debate para mostrar especificamente para cada autor mapeado no debate como suas conclusões precisam ser condicionadas pelos achados da pesquisa. A dissertação não pretende argumentar que eles fazem um uso errado do conceito de secularização, mas apenas que seus diagnósticos não têm o alcance e tampouco a força que pretendem, porque eles não analisaram a concepção de secularização que diz respeito à prática jurídica. Para alguns autores, a dissertação imporá limitações significativas, enquanto que, para outros, será possível complementar os seus argumentos para incluir fatos novos trazidos pelo ponto de vista interno ao direito.
The research draws on part of the debate about secularization to show how its authors do not use the legal practice in their diagnosis and how their conclusions are hampered by this obliviousness. It argues three major points against those authors. First, it will show that there is a legal reason why religions might have public influence nowadays. Second, it puts evidence to how the law also constitutes different forms of experimenting faith and different relations between religion and social life. Third, it sheds light on how the legal practice constitutes and regulates social conflicts in a unique way, without which those conflicts would become incomprehensible. These points allow for the occurrence of secularization in a specific sense, that is, the independence of law from a religious institutional environment. The dissertation thus goes back to the debate on secularization to show how each specific author needs to have its conclusions limited by the findings of the research. It is not the purpose to argue that they use the concept of secularization in a wrong way, but to show that their diagnosis do not have neither the reach nor the strength they intend to, for they do not analyze the conception of secularization that has to do with law. For some authors the research will impose significant limits; as for others, it will be able to complement their arguments by including new facts brought by the internal legal point of view.

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40

Valera, Amy Elizabeth. "Towards novel lab-on-a-chip electrochemical detection of infectious disease biomarkers." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108269.

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Thesis advisor: Thomas C. Chiles
Rapid diagnosis of infectious disease at the site of the patient is critical for preventing the escalation of an outbreak into an epidemic. This is particularly true for cholera, a disease known to spread swiftly within resource-limited populations. A device suited to point-of- care (POC) diagnosis of cholera must not only demonstrate laboratory levels of sensitivity and specificity, but it must do so in a highly portable, low-cost manner, with a simplistic readout. Here, we report novel proof-of-concept lab-on-a-chip (LOC) electrochemical immunosensors for the detection of cholera toxin subunit B (CTX), based on two nanostructured architectures: the gold dendritic array, and the extended core coax (ECC). The dendritic array has an ~18x greater surface area than a planar gold counterpart, per electrochemical measurements, allowing for a higher level of diagnostic sensitivity. An electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) for CTX performed via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on the dendritic sensor demonstrated a limit-of detection of 1 ng/mL, per a signal-to-noise ratio of 2.6, which was more sensitive than a simple planar gold electrode (100 ng/mL). This sensitivity also matches a currently available diagnostic standard, the optical ELISA, but on a miniaturized platform with simple electrical readout. The ECC was optimized and explored, undergoing several changes in design to facilitate sensitive LOC electrochemical detection. The ECC matched the off-chip sensitivity towards CTX demonstrated by a previous non-extended core coaxial iteration, which was comparable to a standard optical ELISA. In contrast to the previous coaxial architecture, the ECC is amenable to functionalization of the gold core, allowing for LOC detection. ECCs were functionalized using a thiolated protein G, and CTX was detected via an electrochemical ELISA. While this work is ongoing, the ECC shows promise as a platform for LOC electrochemical ELISA. The ability to potentially meet POC demands makes biofunctionalized gold dendrites and ECCs promising architectures for further development as LOC sensors for the detection of infectious disease biomarkers
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Biology

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41

Anderson, Whitney Allison. "?You?re Not Part of the Family?: Understanding the Turning Points and Family System Consequences of High Conflict Mother-/Daughter-in-Law Relationships." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25667.

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Popular culture representations of in-law relationships are frequently negative, and research has affirmed the communication difficulties associated with these non-kin, nonvoluntary relationships. Mother-in-law/daughter-in-law (MIL/DIL) relationships face unique challenges, as these women compete for the position of ?kinkeeper,? or the person who manages relationships throughout the family. When MIL/DIL relationships are characterized by conflict and negative feelings toward one another, the family system suffers. To better understand the implications of ?high conflict? MIL/DIL relationships on entire families, 27 DILs were interviewed about the turning points they had experienced with their MILs and the repercussions of the MIL/DIL relationship throughout the family system. Nine turning point categories emerged inductively from the data, along with several consequences for relationships throughout the family system, including DIL/husband, MIL/grandchildren, and husband/mother. Findings indicate high conflict MIL/DIL relationships do not just lead to negative outcomes for the two women involved, but also for other members across the family system.

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42

Sundby, Anna. "Piercing the corporate veil in swedish law : points of view de lege lata and de lege ferenda." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-665.

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The basic principle for limited companies is that the owners are not liable for the debts of the company. To protect the creditors of the company, however, a theory of personal liability for the owners has evolved, the so called piercing the corporate veil theory. For decades there have been disagreements wether or not it would be motivated to legislate the theory of piercing the corporate veil, and what this legislation might look like. The basic problems in my essay are: Is there a need to legislate the theory of piercing the corporate veil in Sweden? What would such a legislation look like in Sweden? To answer these questions I analyzed cases regarding the piercing the corporate veil theory, examined the theory in the USA and Germany and described how authors would like to answer these questions. My results are that there is a need to increase the liability that a parent company has for the debts of its subsidiary companies. This should be done by changing the rule in 15:3 ABL.

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43

Tchéou, Jean-Marcel. "Analyse statistique multifractale en turbulence développée et application à la finance." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DENS0026.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude statistique (densité de probabilité et moments) des accroissements des variables d'état pour des systèmes présentant des lois d'échelle multifractales. A l'aide de la méthode du col, nous montrons qu'il existe dans ce cas une double relation asymptotique explicite et locale qui permet d'exprimer les densités de probabilité en fonction des moments et réciproquement. Les termes dominants (exponentiels) de la double asymptotique s'écrivent sous la forme d'une transformée de Legendre identique a celle du modèle de Parisi-Frisch. Cette asymptotique permet de reconstruire toute la famille de densités a partir du spectre des exposants multifractals et de la statistique des moments a grande échelle. Grace aux données de P. Tabeling en turbulence, nous avons pu montrer que les moments pouvaient être quantitativement représentés par des lois d'échelle multifractales et par une statistique quasi gaussienne a grande échelle. Cette grande échelle, déterminée a partir de données prises uniquement dans la zone inertielle, reste de l'ordre de l'échelle intégrale dans une gamme très large du nombre de Reynolds. Cette représentation des moments permet, a l'aide de la double relation asymptotique de reproduire quantitativement les distributions de probabilité. Nous avons également pu mettre à l'épreuve certaines expressions analytiques et théoriques de l'exposant multifractal. En utilisant les données financières du CAC 40 et du taux monétaire DEM/USD, nous avons pu montrer que ces données étaient susceptibles d'une modélisation semblable à celle effectuée en turbulence. En effet, les moments des accroissements présentent des lois d'échelle multifractales et une statistique gaussienne a grande échelle. La modélisation correspondante des densités de probabilité est en bien meilleur accord avec les données expérimentales que les modélisations usuelles monofractales du type gaussienne ou de Lévy.

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44

Popa, Nicolae Lucretiu. "Applications of thermodynamic laws to evaluation of steam cycle performance of Point Lepreau Generating Station." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0016/MQ54641.pdf.

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45

Scarth, Sarah L. "Analysis of seven leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) point mutations in the integrin #beta#2 subunit." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302071.

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46

Seceleanu, Irina. "Hypercyclic Operators and their Orbital Limit Points." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1280934433.

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47

Ereku, Luck Tosan. "Design of microfluidic multiplex cartridge for point of care diagnostics." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15331.

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A simple, but innovative microfluidic Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device which is broadly applicable in point of care diagnostics of biological pathogens was designed, fabricated and assembled utilising explicit microfluidic techniques. The purpose of this design was to develop a cartridge with the capability to perform multiplex DNA amplification reactions on a single device. To achieve this outcome, conventional laboratory protocols for sample preparation; involving DNA extraction, purification and elution were miniaturized to suit this lab-on-a-chip device of 75mm X 50mm cross-sectional area. The extraction process was carried out in a uniquely designed microchamber embedded with chitosan membrane that binds DNA at pH 5.0 and elutes when a different solution at pH 9.0 flows through. Likewise, purification protocol that occurs in the designed waste reservoir is very significant in biomedical field because it is concerned with waste treatment and cartridge disposability, was performed with a super absorbent powder that converts liquid to a gel like substance. This powder is known as sodium polyacrylate, which is also they treated with anti-bacterial chemicals to prevent environmental contamination. Furthermore, this process also employed the use of a passive valve for a precise fluid handling operation involving flow regulation from extraction to waste reservoir. In order to achieve the intended multiplexing function a multiplexer was created to distribute flow simultaneously through a bifurcated network of channels connected to six similar amplification microchambers. Prior to fabrication, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was utilized at flowrates less than 10μL/s as the means to test the effectiveness of each design components and also to specifically deduct empirical values that can be analyzed to improve or understand the relationship between the fluid and geometrical constraints of the microfluidic modular elements. The device produced was a hybrid cartridge composed of PDMS and glass which is the most widely used materials microfluidics research due to their low cost and simplicity of fabrication by soft lithography technique. The choice of material also took into account the various physical and chemical properties advantages and disadvantages in their bio-medical applications. Such properties include but not limited to surface energy that determines the wetting fluid characteristics, biocompatibility, optical transparency. Subsequently, after a prototype cartridge was developed fluid flow experimentation using liquid coloured dye was used on the fully fabricated cartridge to test the efficacy of its microfluidic functionalities before expensive DNA amplification reagents were utilised at similar flowrates to the CFD simulations. This gave rise to comparison between similar and dissimilar flow Peculiarities in the microfluidic circuit of both experiments. The final experiment was performed with the aid of a recent molecular technique in DNA amplification known as of RPA kit (recombinase polymerase amplification reaction). It involved performing two main reaction experiments; first, was the positive experiment that bears the sample DNA and the latter, negative that served as the control without DNA. In the end, quantitative analysis of results was done using an agarose gel that showed 143 base pairs, for the positive samples, thus validating the amplification experiment.

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48

Jothimuthu, Preetha. "Environmentally-friendly disposable Lab-on-a-chip Sensor for Point-of-Care Measurement of Heavy Metals." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1306518480.

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49

Beauparlant, Alain Marcel. "Climate change and its impact on the Inupiat of Point Lay, Alaska| A case study of resilience." Thesis, University of Alaska Anchorage, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1563534.

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This thesis examines resilience among the Point Lay Iñupiat in the context of climate change. Resilience is manifest in the ability of community members to maintain meaningful subsistence practices and activities despite ongoing changes in weather, ice, and resource conditions. Twenty-one Point Lay Iñupiat were interviewed for this thesis. Respondents were divided into three cohorts: youths (ages 18-29), adults (ages 30-49), and elders (ages 50-70+). Respondents shared changes in weather, ice, and resource conditions. Respondents also shared community concerns, including concerns not attributable to climate change. Received responses were sorted and compared by cohort to identify trends in weather, ice, and resource conditions, as well as to identify adaptive and maladaptive strategies for coping with climate change and other stressors impacting the community. Whether the community can maintain meaningful subsistence practices and activities if local changes in weather, ice, and resource conditions remain unchanged or intensify is also questioned.

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50

Lin, Shih-Fang, and 林詩舫. "Inverse Square Law from Optimal Point of View." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98075217263483061554.

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Дисертації з теми "Point of Law"

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