Дисертації з теми "Point de ruptures"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Point de ruptures".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
BROSSEAU, GERARD. "Mise au point actuelle sur les ruptures isthmiques aortiques." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU31039.
Повний текст джерелаTruong, Charles. "Détection de ruptures multiples – application aux signaux physiologiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN030/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work addresses the problem of detecting multiple change points in (univariate or multivariate) physiological signals. Well-known examples of such signals include electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), inertial measurements (acceleration, angular velocities, etc.). The objective of this thesis is to provide change point detection algorithms that (i) can handle long signals, (ii) can be applied on a wide range of real-world scenarios, and (iii) can incorporate the knowledge of medical experts. In particular, a greater emphasis is placed on fully automatic procedures which can be used in daily clinical practice. To that end, robust detection methods as well as supervised calibration strategies are described, and a documented open-source Python package is released.The first contribution of this thesis is a sub-optimal change point detection algorithm that can accommodate time complexity constraints while retaining most of the robustness of optimal procedures. This algorithm is sequential and alternates between the two following steps: a change point is estimated then its contribution to the signal is projected out. In the context of mean-shifts, asymptotic consistency of estimated change points is obtained. We prove that this greedy strategy can easily be extended to other types of changes, by using reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. Thanks this novel approach, physiological signals can be handled without making assumption of the generative model of the data. Experiments on real-world signals show that those approaches are more accurate than standard sub-optimal algorithms and faster than optimal algorithms.The second contribution of this thesis consists in two supervised algorithms for automatic calibration. Both rely on labeled examples, which in our context, consist in segmented signals. The first approach learns the smoothing parameter for the penalized detection of an unknown number of changes. The second procedure learns a non-parametric transformation of the representation space, that improves detection performance. Both supervised procedures yield finely tuned detection algorithms that are able to replicate the segmentation strategy of an expert. Results show that those supervised algorithms outperform unsupervised algorithms, especially in the case of physiological signals, where the notion of change heavily depends on the physiological phenomenon of interest.All algorithmic contributions of this thesis can be found in ``ruptures'', an open-source Python library, available online. Thoroughly documented, ``ruptures'' also comes with a consistent interface for all methods
Garreau, Damien. "Change-point detection and kernel methods." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE061/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we focus on a method for detecting abrupt changes in a sequence of independent observations belonging to an arbitrary set on which a positive semidefinite kernel is defined. That method, kernel changepoint detection, is a kernelized version of a penalized least-squares procedure. Our main contribution is to show that, for any kernel satisfying some reasonably mild hypotheses, this procedure outputs a segmentation close to the true segmentation with high probability. This result is obtained under a bounded assumption on the kernel for a linear penalty and for another penalty function, coming from model selection.The proofs rely on a concentration result for bounded random variables in Hilbert spaces and we prove a less powerful result under relaxed hypotheses—a finite variance assumption. In the asymptotic setting, we show that we recover the minimax rate for the change-point locations without additional hypothesis on the segment sizes. We provide empirical evidence supporting these claims. Another contribution of this thesis is the detailed presentation of the different notions of distances between segmentations. Additionally, we prove a result showing these different notions coincide for sufficiently close segmentations.From a practical point of view, we demonstrate how the so-called dimension jump heuristic can be a reasonable choice of penalty constant when using kernel changepoint detection with a linear penalty. We also show how a key quantity depending on the kernelthat appears in our theoretical results influences the performance of kernel change-point detection in the case of a single change-point. When the kernel is translationinvariant and parametric assumptions are made, it is possible to compute this quantity in closed-form. Thanks to these computations, some of them novel, we are able to study precisely the behavior of the maximal penalty constant. Finally, we study the median heuristic, a popular tool to set the bandwidth of radial basis function kernels. Fora large sample size, we show that it behaves approximately as the median of a distribution that we describe completely in the setting of kernel two-sample test and kernel change-point detection. More precisely, we show that the median heuristic is asymptotically normal around this value
Bellalouna, Faouzi. "Un point de vue linéaire sur la programmation dynamique : détecteur de ruptures dans le cadre des problèmes de fiabilité." Paris 9, 1992. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1992PA090030.
Повний текст джерелаFerfache, Anouar Abdeldjaoued. "Les M-estimateurs semiparamétriques et leurs applications pour les problèmes de ruptures." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2643.
Повний текст джерелаIn this dissertation we are concerned with semiparametric models. These models have success and impact in mathematical statistics due to their excellent scientific utility and intriguing theoretical complexity. In the first part of the thesis, we consider the problem of the estimation of a parameter θ, in Banach spaces, maximizing some criterion function which depends on an unknown nuisance parameter h, possibly infinite-dimensional. We show that the m out of n bootstrap, in a general setting, is weakly consistent under conditions similar to those required for weak convergence of the non smooth M-estimators. In this framework, delicate mathematical derivations will be required to cope with estimators of the nuisance parameters inside non-smooth criterion functions. We then investigate an exchangeable weighted bootstrap for function-valued estimators defined as a zero point of a function-valued random criterion function. The main ingredient is the use of a differential identity that applies when the random criterion function is linear in terms of the empirical measure. A large number of bootstrap resampling schemes emerge as special cases of our settings. Examples of applications from the literature are given to illustrate the generality and the usefulness of our results. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the statistical models with multiple change-points. The main purpose of this part is to investigate the asymptotic properties of semiparametric M-estimators with non-smooth criterion functions of the parameters of multiple change-points model for a general class of models in which the form of the distribution can change from segment to segment and in which, possibly, there are parameters that are common to all segments. Consistency of the semiparametric M-estimators of the change-points is established and the rate of convergence is determined. The asymptotic normality of the semiparametric M-estimators of the parameters of the within-segment distributions is established under quite general conditions. We finally extend our study to the censored data framework. We investigate the performance of our methodologies for small samples through simulation studies
Debbabi, Nehla. "Approche algébrique et théorie des valeurs extrêmes pour la détection de ruptures : Application aux signaux biomédicaux." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS025/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work develops non supervised techniques for on-line detection and location of change-points in noisy recorded signals. These techniques are based on the combination of an algebraic approach with the Extreme Value Theory (EVT). The algebraic approach offers an easy identification of the change-points. It characterizes them in terms of delayed Dirac distributions and their derivatives which are easily handled via operational calculus. This algebraic characterization, giving rise to an explicit expression of the change-points locations, is completed with a probabilistic interpretation in terms of extremes: a change point is seen as a rare and extreme event. Based on EVT, these events are modeled by a Generalized Pareto Distribution.Several hybrid multi-components models are proposed in this work, modeling at the same time the mean behavior (noise) and the extremes ones (change-points) of the signal after an algebraic processing. Non supervised algorithms are proposed to evaluate these hybrid models, avoiding the problems encountered with classical estimation methods which are graphical ad hoc ones. The change-points detection algorithms developed in this thesis are validated on generated data and then applied on real data, stemming from different phenomenons, where change-points represent the information to be extracted
Allab, Nedjmeddine. "Détection d'anomalies et de ruptures dans les séries temporelles. Applications à la gestion de production de l'électricité." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066658.
Повний текст джерелаContinental is the main tool that edf uses for the long-term management of electricity. It elaborates the strategy exploitation of the electrical parc made up by power plants distributed all over europe. the tool simulates for each zone and each scenario several variables, such as the electricity demand, the generated quantity as well as the related costs. our works aim to provide methods to analyse the data of electricity production in order to ease their discovery and synthesis. we get a set of problmatics from the users of continental that we tent to solve through techniques of outliers and changepoints detection in time series
Harlé, Flore. "Détection de ruptures multiples dans des séries temporelles multivariées : application à l'inférence de réseaux de dépendance." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT043/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents a method for the multiple change-points detection in multivariate time series, and exploits the results to estimate the relationships between the components of the system. The originality of the model, called the Bernoulli Detector, relies on the combination of a local statistics from a robust test, based on the computation of ranks, with a global Bayesian framework. This non parametric model does not require strong hypothesis on the distribution of the observations. It is applicable without modification on gaussian data as well as data corrupted by outliers. The detection of a single change-point is controlled even for small samples. In a multivariate context, a term is introduced to model the dependencies between the changes, assuming that if two components are connected, the events occurring in the first one tend to affect the second one instantaneously. Thanks to this flexible model, the segmentation is sensitive to common changes shared by several signals but also to isolated changes occurring in a single signal. The method is compared with other solutions of the literature, especially on real datasets of electrical household consumption and genomic measurements. These experiments enhance the interest of the model for the detection of change-points in independent, conditionally independent or fully connected signals. The synchronization of the change-points within the time series is finally exploited in order to estimate the relationships between the variables, with the Bayesian network formalism. By adapting the score function of a structure learning method, it is checked that the independency model that describes the system can be partly retrieved through the information given by the change-points, estimated by the Bernoulli Detector
Top, Alioune. "Estimation paramétriques et tests d'hypothèses pour des modèles avec plusieurs ruptures d'un processus de poisson." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1014/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is devoted to the parametric estimation, hypothesis testing and goodnessof-fit test problems for non homogenous Poisson processes. First we consider two models having two jumps located by an unknown parameter.For the first model the sum of jumps is positive. The second is a model of switching intensity, piecewise constant and the sum of jumps is zero. Thus, for each model, we studied the asymptotic properties of the Bayesian estimator (BE) andthe likelihood estimator (MLE). The consistency, the convergence in distribution and the convergence of moments are shown. In particular we show that the BE is asymptotically efficient. For the second model we also consider the problem of asimple hypothesis testing against a one- sided alternative. The asymptotic properties (choice of the threshold and power) of Wald test (WT) and the generalized likelihood ratio test (GRLT) are described.For the proofs we use the method of Ibragimov and Khasminskii. This method is based on the weak convergence of the normalized likelihood ratio in the Skorohod space under some tightness criterion of the corresponding families of measure.By numerical simulations, the limiting variances of estimators allows us to conclude that the BE outperforms the MLE. In the situation where the sum of jumps is zero, we developed a numerical approach to obtain the MLE.Then we consider the problem of construction of goodness-of-test for a model with scale parameter. We show that the Cram´er-von Mises type test is asymptotically parameter-free. It is also consistent
Bara, Richard J. "Rupture point movement in journal bearings." Link to electronic thesis, 2004. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0607104-105624/.
Повний текст джерелаLe, bars Batiste. "Event detection and structure inference for graph vectors." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASM003.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis addresses different problems around the analysis and the modeling of graph signals i.e. vector data that are observed over graphs. In particular, we are interested in two tasks. The rst one is the problem of event detection, i.e. anomaly or changepoint detection, in a set of graph vectors. The second task concerns the inference of the graph structure underlying the observed graph vectors contained in a data set. At first, our work takes an application oriented aspect in which we propose a method for detecting antenna failures or breakdowns in a telecommunication network. The proposed approach is designed to be eective for communication networks in a broad sense and it implicitly takes into account the underlying graph structure of the data. In a second time, a new method for graph structure inference within the framework of Graph Signal Processing is investigated. In this problem, notions of both local and globalsmoothness, with respect to the underlying graph, are imposed to the vectors.Finally, we propose to combine the graph learning task with the change-point detection problem. This time, a probabilistic framework is considered to model the vectors, assumed to be distributed from a specifc Markov Random Field. In the considered modeling, the graph underlying the data is allowed to evolve in time and a change-point is actually detected whenever this graph changes significantly
Allali, Sébastien. "Le freudo-marxisme : analyse des points de rupture." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC066.
Повний текст джерелаThe fathers of Freudo-marxism, Otto Gross and Wilhelin Reich, walked away from many of Freud's ideas ; this forced him to distance himself from his disciples, whom he now deemed undesirable. The breaking points concern the etiology of neuroses, the possibility of a « popular psychotherapy », the cure's modalities, the relationship between psychoanalysis and politics, family, education, religion, work, or artistic creation. However, Gross and Reich's thoughts have had a significant role, not only in the history of psychoanalysis, but also in the very construction of Freudian thought. They were the first to emphasise the fundamental part of both the economic misery and the sexual one in the origin of neuroses. The core of the theoretical and clinical disagreement is anthropological: Gross and Reich, who are both Rousseausist, think that man is intrinsically good, and that his aggressivity is the result of a social disharmony. Freud, on the contrary, believes in the existence of a death wish, the denial of which provides Freudo-marxism with its cornerstone
Fernique, Pierre. "A statistical modeling framework for analyzing tree-indexed data : application to plant development on microscopic and macroscopic scales." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20064/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe address statistical models for tree-indexed data.Tree-indexed data can be seen as a generalization of path-indexed data since directed path graphs are directed tree graphs where there is at most one child per vertex.In the context of the Virtual Plants team, host team of this thesis, applications of interest focus on plant development and its modulation by environmental and genetic factors.We thus focus on plant developmental applications, both at the microscopic level with the study of the cell lineage in the biological tissue responsible for the plant growth, and at the macroscopic level with the mechanism of production of branches. The catalog of models available for tree-indexed data is far less important than the one available for path-indexed data.This thesis therefore aims at proposing a statistical modeling framework for studying patterns in tree-indexed data.To this end, two different classes of statistical models, Markov and change-point models, are investigated
Ghorbanzadeh, Dariush. "Détection de rupture dans les modèles statistiques." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077246.
Повний текст джерелаLamouroux, Emmanuel. "Modélisation détaillée des soudures par point et laser pour simuler la rupture des assemblages automobiles." Valenciennes, 2007. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e4fba432-0b62-47fc-8bc6-dea422c4c10f.
Повний текст джерелаDue to their slowness and their high cost, the classical methods of experimental characterization about the welded joints’ stress carrying capacity are unsatisfying for industrial purposes. This work provides, for different materials and several sheet thicknesses, an alternative approach based on the construction and on the validation of a volumic numerical model of spot-welds and Laser welds using the finite element method. Firstly, two methods of welded joint’s mechanical properties’ characterization as well as damage and rupture parameters are presented. Secondly, using the material model of Gurson- Tvergaard-Needleman, the welds’ behaviour under quasi-static and dynamic load cases has been simulated and compared with the experimental results. This comparison showed a satisfying correlation not only for the rupture’s pattern but also for the “force vs. Displacement” curve characteristic of the weld. Finally, using the Laser-weld’s detailed model, two case studies have been realized to estimate respectively the consequence of geometrical and mechanical imperfections on the weld’ stress carrying capacity and to evaluate the “transferability” of mechanical data from a given Laser weld’s geometry to another one
Fhima, Mehdi. "Détection de ruptures et mouvement Brownien multifractionnaire." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF22197.
Повний текст джерелаThis Ph.D dissertation deals with "Off-line" detection of change points on parameters of time series of independent random variables, and in the Hurst parameter of multifrcational Brownian motion. It consists of three articles. In the first paper, published in Sequential Analysis, we set the cornerstones of the Filtered Derivative with p-Value method for the detection of change point on parameters of independent random variables. This method has linear time and memory complexities, with respect to the size of the series. It consists of two steps. The first step is based on Filtered Derivative method which detects the right change points as well as the false ones. We improve the Filtered Derivative method by adding a second step in which we compute the p-values associated to every single potential change point. Then we eliminate false alarms, i.e. the change points which have p-value smaller than a given critical level. We showed asymptotic properties needed for the calibration of the algorithm. The effectiveness of the method has been proved both on simulated data and on real data. Then we moved to the application of the method for the detection of change point on the Hurst parameter of multifractional Brownian motion. This was done in two phases. In the first phase, a paper is to be published in ESAIM P&S where we investigated the Central Limit Theorem of the Increment Ratio Statistic of a multifractional Brownian motion, leading to a CLT for the time varying Hurst index. The proofs are quite simple relying on Breuer-Major theorems and an original freezing of time strategy.The second phase relies on a new paper submitted for publication. We adapted the FDpV method to detect change points on the Hurst parameter of piecewise fractional Brownian motion. The underlying statistics of the FDpV technology is a new statistic estimator for Hurst index, so-called Increment Zero-Crossing Statistic (IZCS) which is a variation of IRS. Both FDpV and IZCS are methods with linear time and memory complexities, with respect to the size of the series
Lacroix, Rémi. "Caracterisation de la rupture interfaciale de points soudes d'aciers a tres haute resistance." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00638409.
Повний текст джерелаLacroix, Rémi. "Caracterisation de la rupture interfaciale de points soudes d’aciers a tres haute resistance." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EMSE0604/document.
Повний текст джерелаCharacterization of spot weld strength is a key industrial issue, particularly in the case of Advanced High Strength Steels. Today, the most widely used mechanical test evaluating this strength is the Cross Tensile Test. However, investigating the role of the different zones of one spot weld based on this test is difficult.A wedge test has been developed in order to characterize interfacial failures of spot welds. A cross section of one spot weld is observed while a wedge is inserted in between the two welded sheets. A CCD camera records the observation of the propagating crack. The limited sheet bending occurring during crack propagation allows the spot weld classification based on the total energy dissipated per unit fractured area to be efficient.Furthermore, the stable crack propagation is characterized by the in situ measurement of the crack opening angle. Finite element simulations of the test are carried out to estimate a relation between these measurements and the material resistance, approached by a cohesive zone model.Interfacial failures of spot welds of DP and TRIP steels have been investigated. The experimental measurements allow to estimate parameters of a cohesive zone model representative of the molten material failure, providing reliable and appropriate data for simulations of the mechanical behavior of the complete spot weld
Feld, Nicolas. "Vers un pont micro-méso de la rupture en compression des composites stratifiés." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652305.
Повний текст джерелаKorostelev, Felicie. "La lithosphère du point triple Aden - Afar - sud mer Rouge et du golfe d'Aden : magmatisme et rupture continentale." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066341/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Afar triple junction is a unique region that links the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Ethiopian rift, and where it is possible to study the different stages of continental breakup, from early rifting to seafloor spreading and development of continental passive margins. Extension and magmatic activity are generally thought to be restricted to the active volcanic segments of the rift or to oceanic ridges. However, magmatic activity is also present on the continental margins flanks of the Afar rift, southern Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. The ambient noise tomography and teleseismic body-wave tomography are complementary methods that allow imaging the crust and upper mantle, and help to reveal magmatic systems. Our tomographic studies of the Afar region provide evidence for the presence of complex magmatic systems under the Afar rift flanks, currently modifying the crust and linked with hydrothermal systems near the surface. The emplacement of intruded or under-plated dense magmatic material in the Afar lower crust accommodates the extension outside of the active magmatic segments. In addition, the Red Sea margin flanks in Yemen are affected by magmatism caused by localized small-scale upwellings of mantle material, from a broad abnormally hot mantle zone located beneath Afar and southwestern Yemen. We also suggest the presence of magmatic systems with or without a volcanic expression at the surface, beneath the passive margins shoulders of the eastern Gulf of Aden. We propose that these systems could be fed by small-scale convection caused by lithosphere thickness variations at the edge of the Arabian plate and near the Gulf of Aden main fracture zones
Azzouzi, Hamid. "Plasticité en pointe de fissure et transition fragile-ductile dans le silicium monocristallin." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL013N.
Повний текст джерелаBacharach, Lucien. "Caractérisation des limites fondamentales de l'erreur quadratique moyenne pour l'estimation de signaux comportant des points de rupture." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS322/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the study of estimators' performance in signal processing. The focus is the analysis of the lower bounds on the Mean Square Error (MSE) for abrupt change-point estimation. Such tools will help to characterize performance of maximum likelihood estimator in the frequentist context but also maximum a posteriori and conditional mean estimators in the Bayesian context. The main difficulty comes from the fact that, when dealing with sampled signals, the parameters of interest (i.e., the change points) lie on a discrete space. Consequently, the classical large sample theory results (e.g., asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator) or the Cramér-Rao bound do not apply. Some results concerning the asymptotic distribution of the maximum likelihood only are available in the mathematics literature but are currently of limited interest for practical signal processing problems. When the MSE of estimators is chosen as performance criterion, an important amount of work has been provided concerning lower bounds on the MSE in the last years. Then, several studies have proposed new inequalities leading to tighter lower bounds in comparison with the Cramér-Rao bound. These new lower bounds have less regularity conditions and are able to handle estimators’ MSE behavior in both asymptotic and non-asymptotic areas. The goal of this thesis is to complete previous results on lower bounds in the asymptotic area (i.e. when the number of samples and/or the signal-to-noise ratio is high) for change-point estimation but, also, to provide an analysis in the non-asymptotic region. The tools used here will be the lower bounds of the Weiss-Weinstein family which are already known in signal processing to outperform the Cramér-Rao bound for applications such as spectral analysis or array processing. A closed-form expression of this family is provided for a single and multiple change points and some extensions are given when the parameters of the distributions on each segment are unknown. An analysis in terms of robustness with respect to the prior influence on our models is also provided. Finally, we apply our results to specific problems such as: Gaussian data, Poisson data and exponentially distributed data
Hamrouni, Zouhir. "Inférence statistique par lissage linéaire local pour une fonction de régression présentant des dicontinuités." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004840.
Повний текст джерелаBakkali, Amin El. "Conception et mise au point d'un essai de courbe R sur des gaines d'éléments combustibles nucléaires." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ECAP0056.
Повний текст джерелаChtourou, Rim. "Tenue mécanique des assemblages soudés par point multi-tôles et acier multigrades : étude expérimentale, modélisation macroscopique et procédure d'identification." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0017/document.
Повний текст джерелаResistance spot welding (RSW) is widely used in the automotive industry. However, the prediction of their non-linear mechanical behavior and their failure in structural crashworthiness computations remains a challenge. The introduction of a new generation ofmulti-sheet multi-steel grade spot welded assemblies makes the prediction of their mechanical strength more complex.Despite the increasing use of these assemblies, the experimental study of their mechanical behavior is still very limited, while their macroscopic modeling has not yet been studied. An experimental device based on Arcan principle is thus proposed to characterize the mechanical strength and the failure of three-sheet spot welded assemblies, in pure and combined loads for different loading configurations. A macroscopic modeling approach is also proposed to simulate their mechanical behavior for structural applications. As a first step, a ’connector’ element is proposed, identified and validated for a two-sheet spot welded assembly. Then, a modeling approach using three connectors is proposed to simulate the mechanical behavior and the rupture of a three-sheet multi- steel grade spot welded assembly. An identification methodology is also presented to simplify the identification procedure of the model parameters. The model is identified and validated based on the experimental results of the Arcan tests carried out during this thesis
Diet, Stéphane. "Mécanismes de rupture des côtes et critères de tolérance thoracique en choc automobile." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00568920.
Повний текст джерелаIdlas, Sandrine. "Bachelard: l’objectivité scientifique d’un point de vue constructiviste, entre imagination et raison." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-14988.
Повний текст джерелаEn Suède, Bachelard est surtout connu pour ses travaux sur la poésie et la littérature, mais il a été tout aussi productif en épistémologie. Ayant étudié et enseigné les sciences physiques, ses principaux écrits dans ce domaine concernent la physique contemporaine. Il a développé le concept de « rupture épistémologique », lié à celui d’ « obstacle épistémologique ». La notion d’obstacle épistémologique montre la science dans son historicité ; elle est liée à l’idée de progrès : un progrès qui recherche non seulement une meilleure approximation de la réalité, mais qui peut aussi être compris comme un progrès de l’esprit scientifique lui-même. Ce progrès est accompli lors de ruptures épistémologiques, c’est-à-dire lorsqu’un obstacle épistémologique est vaincu : c’est à ce moment que ce qui empêche la pensée d’avancer devient visible, ce qui cause non seulement une connaissance plus précise, mais aussi une restructuration de l’esprit scientifique. De cette manière, le concept de rupture épistémologique ne réfère pas seulement à un processus historique, mais aussi à un processus psychologique. Dans La formation de l’esprit scientifique, Bachelard donne des exemples pris de l’histoire des sciences et montre, à travers elles, le cheminement que chaque « esprit scientifique » doit accomplir. Il analyse la science avec le but de trouver dans son histoire, une histoire de la pensée et de ses progrès : c’est pour cela que Bachelard, dans son livre La formation de l’esprit scientifique, compare le développement des sciences au niveau historique avec l’apprentissage des sciences au niveau individuel, et fait souvent référence aux erreurs des lycéens autant qu’aux bévues historiques. Ainsi, Bachelard met en lumière l’aspect construit des sciences : pour autant qu’il soit absurde d’essayer de comprendre une réponse sans connaître la question à laquelle celle-ci répond, il est impossible de couper la connaissance de son contexte d’émergence, ou d’essayer de comprendre un objet d’étude sans référer au sujet qui l’a constitué. Il ne s’agit pas pour autant faire de la science quelque chose de subjectif ou de tomber dans le psychologisme. La référence à l’esprit du savant ou à l’intersubjectivité scientifique n’est pas, pour Bachelard, un moyen de questionner la validité du discours scientifique ; au contraire, c’est en décrivant la science grâce à la psychologie du savant que Bachelard montre la science comme une pratique, comme un entrainement de l’esprit, comme un effort impliquant bien plus que la simple rationalité, détruisant de ce fait le mythe d’une raison universelle comme principe sous-jacent de la construction des sciences.
Jiang, Li. "Calcul en fatigue des ouvrages métalliques par la mécanique de la rupture (approche probabiliste)." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569145.
Повний текст джерелаChauvet, Christian. "Mise au point d'une méthodologie pour des essais de rupture a court terme en vue de la caractérisation des isolants synthétiques des cables haute-tension." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30073.
Повний текст джерелаAOUAD, NABIL. "Determination du comportement mecanique des profiles de menuiserie a rupture de pont thermique sous sollicitations thermiques, et sous chargement statique." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENPC9005.
Повний текст джерелаTaillebot, Virginie. "Contribition à l'étude de la rupture des alliages à mémoire de forme." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA2026/document.
Повний текст джерелаMajor player among functional materials, Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) may undergo verylarge reversible strain. SMA exhibit a Martensitic Phase Transformation (MPT) when they aresubmitted to mechanical or thermal actions, and that gives them some specific characteristics.The thermomechanical behavior of SMA is now well controlled. However, the knowledge of theSMA fracture behavior is a major challenge for their design and sizing for their sustainableindustrialization. This research project has focused on the understanding, describing and quantifyingof the phenomenon of localization at the crack tip due to stress-induced MPT. The study includestwo main aspects: the development of an analytical model and its experimental correlation bysimultaneous field’s measurements during tests on cracked NiTi specimens. Two analytical modelsbased on the linear fracture mechanics and those introduce the asymmetrical nature of the SMAbehavior in tension/compression, were developed for the prediction of transformation zones in thevicinity of the crack tip, taking into account the fracture mode (elementary and mixed ones)and the radii of curvature of the crack tip. A testbench with the measurement of simultaneouskinematic field with Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and thermal field with infrared thermographywas designed for mapping the experimental fields during fracture tests in mode I on pre-crackedspecimen. This good correlation of analytical models opens up many perspectives on the analysisof thermomechanical coupling associated with the MPT at the crack tip, the enrichment of the initialanalytical models, and comparison with experimental results for more complex failure modes (II andmixed I+II)
Leite, Pinto Rodrigo. "Caractérisation physique et thermo-mécanique et analyse de fiabilité des fibres optiques à base de silice." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S125.
Повний текст джерелаOptical fibers are being increasingly used today by internet providers in networks dedicated to telecommunications. By being low-cost, low attenuation and by providing an excellent quality of optical signal, optical fibers are quickly becoming the number one choice in data networks worldwide. Once installed in ducts or alongside power-lines, optical fibers might easily be subjected to thermal, mechanical or chemical strains that can damage their structural integrity and lower their reliability. This PhD is part of an academic-industrial cooperative project and is focused on studying the behavior of silica-based optical fibers once installed in networks, and defining an method for calculating their lifetime. Static fatigue test have been made in various environments. We thus analyzed the behavior of our optical fibers once subjected to distilled water heated at different temperatures, to environments where temperature and humidity were varied, and to plain air. We also looked into the corrosion parameter alongside the defects distribution in our fibers by dynamic fatigue testing using a two-point bending and a short-length tensile testing bench. Our results allowed us to study the reliability of our fibers using two theoretical models available in the literature: Mitsunaga’s reliability model and Arrhenius’ crack-growth model
Alaya, Elmokhtar Ezzahdi. "Segmentation de Processus de Comptage et modèles Dynamiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066062.
Повний текст джерелаIn the first part of this thesis, we deal with the problem of learning the inhomogeneous intensity of a counting process, under a sparse segmentation assumption. We introduce a weighted total-variation penalization, using data-driven weights that correctly scale the penalization along the observation interval. In the second part, we study the binarization technique of continuous features, for which we construct a specific regularization. This regularization is called “binarsity”, it computes the different values of a parameter. In the third part, we are interested in the dynamic regression models of Aalen and Cox with time-varying covariates and coefficients in high-dimensional settings. For each proposed estimation procedure, we give theoretical guaranties by proving non-asymptotic oracle inequalities in prediction. We finally present proximal algorithms to solve the underlying studied convex problems, and we illustrate our methods with simulated and real datasets
Ben, Souda Souad. "Etude du comportement à la rupture de points de soudure par résistance sur tôles en acier extra doux et en acier biphase." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375959509.
Повний текст джерелаBen, Souda Souad. "Étude du comportement à la rupture de points de soudure par résistance sur tôles en acier extra doux et en acier biphasé." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPE055.
Повний текст джерелаSauvage, Jean-Baptiste. "Caractérisation et modélisation de l’adhérence dans les assemblages collés." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH9553/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the development of a mechanical test for the characterization of the practical adhesion of an adhesive to a substrate. The aim is to study the different methods of characterization of the adhesive strength in bonded joints and to model the associated behaviour. The first part of the thesis consists of a bibliographic study of the mechanical tests to characterize this adhesive strength. These tests are classified by distinguishing them in propagation or in initiation of rupture. This state of the art demonstrates the advantage of using the 3-point bending and the butt joint tests for this study. The second part of the thesis presents the different materials and the various surface treatments used to vary the adhesion of adhesives to the substrate. The third part presents the core of this thesis work which is the 3-point bending test. The study shows that this 3-point bending test leads systematically to initiate a localizable adhesive rupture on the surface of the substrate, at least for the adhesives used in our study. An energy approach of the test allows to determine an adhesion criterion independent of the physical parameters of the materials and dimensions of the specimen. On the other hand, it has been shown that the thinner the substrate, the more precise the results of the adhesive strength. Finally, a fourth part is devoted to numerical modelling by the finite element method. The results obtained show that opening constraint in mode I is that which controls the rupture. In conclusion, the 3-point bending test clearly allows to measure the energy of the adhesive rupture initiation
Grimaldi, Antoine. "Etude par AFM de la condensation capillaire à la pointe de fissure dans un verre de silice." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20246.
Повний текст джерелаThe phenomenon of stress corrosion is responsible for the slow crack propagation in glasses below their breaking point. In applications where glass components such as windows, fiber optic cables or glass containers are subjected to stresses, failure always occurs by the extension of a crack originated near the surface of the glass. The stress corrosion mechanisms acting et the nanoscale are still debated. The experimental set-up allows us to track the propagation of the crack tip in pure mode I (opening mode) by means of optical and atomic force microscopes (AFM) in real time (in-situ) condition and in a carefully controlled atmosphere. This work focuses specially on the capillary condensation that occurs at the crack tip in silica glass. In a first part, we have shown by using AFM phase imaging the existence of a liquid phase at the crack tip. We have focused in identifying all the bias induced by the external parameters in our measurement. In a second part, we have studied the equilibrium properties of this liquid/vapour system, and shown the existence of a critical distance of condensation between the two lips of the crack that increases with the humidity. At last, we have studied the impact of the internal forces du to the capillary condensation on the crack opening profile. By studying the crack closure we have been able to correct our estimation on the critical distance and extract the value of the Laplace pressure of the liquid. This allowed us to quantify the aging if the condensed phase through the evolution of its wetting properties
Salloum, Zahraa. "Maximum de vraisemblance empirique pour la détection de changements dans un modèle avec un nombre faible ou très grand de variables." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1008/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this PHD thesis, we propose a nonparametric method based on the empirical likelihood for detecting the change in the parameters of nonlinear regression models and the change in the coefficient of linear regression models, when the number of model variables may increase as the sample size increases. Firstly, we test the null hypothesis of no-change against the alternative of one change in the regression parameters. Under null hypothesis, the consistency and the convergence rate of the regression parameter estimators are proved. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis is obtained, which allows to find the asymptotic critical value. On the other hand, we prove that the proposed test statistic has the asymptotic power equal to 1. The epidemic model, a particular case of model with two change-points, under the alternative hypothesis, is also studied. Afterwards, we use the empirical likelihood method for constructing the confidence regions for the difference between the parameters of a two-phases nonlinear model with random design. We show that the empirical likelihood ratio has an asymptotic χ2 distribu- tion. Empirical likelihood method is also used to construct the confidence regions for the difference between the parameters of a two-phases nonlinear model with response variables missing at randoms (MAR). In order to construct the confidence regions of the parameter in question, we propose three empirical likelihood statistics : empirical likelihood based on complete-case data, weighted empirical likelihood and empirical likelihood with imputed va- lues. We prove that all three empirical likelihood ratios have asymptotically χ2 distributions. An another aim for this thesis is to test the change in the coefficient of linear regres- sion models for high-dimensional model. This amounts to testing the null hypothesis of no change against the alternative of one change in the regression coefficients. Based on the theoretical asymptotic behaviour of the empirical likelihood ratio statistic, we propose, for a deterministic design, a simpler test statistic, easier to use in practice. The asymptotic normality of the proposed test statistic under the null hypothesis is proved, a result which is different from the χ2 law for a model with a fixed variable number. Under alternative hypothesis, the test statistic diverges
Cordova, Hinojosa Rogers Bill. "Modélisation de la rupture d'un milieu fragile soumis à l'injection d'un fluide visqueux : Analyse de la singularité en pression et du décollement en pointe de fissure." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLY016/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe crack evolution under a viscous fluid action is a complex phenomenon where the understanding of the mechanical phenomena near the crack tip is still largely limited. This is the case for the lag between the solid and the fluid front propagation which appears for some configurations of injection rate, fluid viscosity and material toughness. This thesis proposes a simplified model for this strongly coupled interaction problem.The first chapter studies a simplified one-dimensional model of a elastic film bonded to a rigid substrate. We consider a viscous fluid injection between the film and the substrate. The crack propagation is assumed to follow the Griffith's law. The existence of the lag is neglected and a non-linear behavior law is chosen for the viscous fluid. Using an asymptotic analysis, an approximate solution is established for the low viscosity case. It is shown that the pressure field diverges at the crack tip and that the kinetics of the crack is influenced by the injection rate. The second chapter proposes to take into account the existence of the lag by modifying the model formulation and rewriting it as a discrete time optimisation problem where the delamination zones are part of the unknowns of the problem. This formulation is validated for the analytical example of a drop crushed by a rigid bar. It is shown that this formulation and its implementation can manage the evolution of several drops of any shape and correctly captures the drops spreading and coalescence. This formulation is then extended to the case of a drop crushed by an elastic film. In the last chapter, the validity of the lubrication hypothesis is examinated. Using an asymptotic analysis, a regularized Reynolds equation is constructed with higher gradient terms taking into account the spatial variation of the walls height. A comparison between the pressure fields behaviour given by the classical and the regularized Reynolds equation is shown for different conducts
Murangira, Achille. "Nouvelles approches en filtrage particulaire : application au recalage de la navigation inertielle." Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0011/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the development of a mixture particle filtering algorithm for inertial navigation update via radar-altimeter measurements. This particle filter, the so-called MRPF (Mixture Regularized Particle Filter), combines mixture modelling of the posterior density, the regularized particle filter and the mean-shift clustering algorithm. A version adapted to the Rao-Blackwellized particle filter, the MRBPF (Mixture Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filter), is also presented. The main goal is to design a filter well suited to multimodal densities caused by terrain amibiguity. The use of mixture models enables us to introduce an alternative importance sampling procedure aimed at proposing samples in the high likelihood regions of the state space. A second research axis is concerned with the development of particle filtering integrity monitoring tools. A novel particle filter divergence sequential detector, based on change detection theory, is presented. The performances of the MRPF, MRBPF and the divergence detector are reported on several terrain navigation scenarios
Staub, Déborah. "Étude du comportement mécanique à rupture des alumines de forte porosité : Application aux supports de catalyseurs d'hydrotraitement des résidus." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0089/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, we study the mechanical behaviour of two types of catalysts supports produced by IFPEN and industrially used in residues hydrotreating. Those extruded supports are made of transition γ-alumina with about 70% of porous volume. The first material’s porosity is exclusively composed of mesopores (< 50 nm). The porosity of the second material is composed of both mesopores and macropores (up to 20 µm). Because of the limited knowledge of the stress fields in embedded catalysts supports in use in a reactor, this study aims at precisely and exhaustively describing the mechanical behaviour of those supports under a wide range of stresses, and identifying the possible damage mechanisms. The final objective is to better understand the influence of microstructural parameters on the mechanical properties of the supports in order to propose some leads about how to improve their mechanical strength. First, an adequate mechanical characterization methodology is set. On one hand, the tensile mechanical behaviour of the supports is studied with three-point bending and diametrical crushing tests. On the other hand, their compressive behaviour under various triaxiality rates is characterized in uniaxial and hydrostatic compression, and by spherical micro-indentation. The different damaging mechanisms are identified by imaging techniques such as scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray micro-tomography. Under tensile stresses, the supports exhibit a brittle behaviour and fracture initiates at a critical flaw. Under compressive stresses, a brittle/quasi-plastic transition is observed with increasing the triaxiality rate. The quasi-plasticity is mainly due to the densification of the macroporosity. The second part of the study consists in identifying, for each material, a fracture criterion able to represent every types of behaviour and physical phenomena observed on the same yield surface. This identification is achieved by coupling the spherical indentation tests to a numerical analysis. Fracture criteria involving hydrostatic pressure are well suited to describe the highly dissymmetric mechanical behaviour of the materials in tension and in compression. The last part of this work aims at studying the mechanical behaviour of a stack of supports under œdometric compression in order to produce stress fields more representative of those existing within the supports stacked in a reactor. This test is analysed by X-ray tomography, which allows us to determine/acknowledge the different damaging mechanisms involved in fragments and fines generation. The results illustrate the suitability of the bending and indentation tests to characterize the mechanical properties of a single support and relate them to its mechanical behaviour in a stack of supports under compression
Roudet, Francine. "Comportement en flexion trois points avec cisaillement prépondérant de composites verre-époxyde unidirectionnels : sous chargements monotone et cyclique." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-439.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLambert, Yvan. "Étude de l'endommagement en pointe de fissure dans le cas de la fissuration en plasticité non confinée." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI230.
Повний текст джерелаDurif, Emilien. "Caractérisation du couplage mécano-électrochimique en pointe de fissure lors de la fissuration assistée par corrosion sous contrainte : cas du Zircaloy-4 en milieu aqueux halogéné." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759340.
Повний текст джерелаArnaud, Busson. "Détermination des états limites des appuis et des isolateurs de ponts dans une approche basée sur la performance sismique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6027.
Повний текст джерелаDo, Van Long. "Sequential detection and isolation of cyber-physical attacks on SCADA systems." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0032/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis is registered in the framework of the project “SCALA” which received financial support through the program ANR-11-SECU-0005. Its ultimate objective involves the on-line monitoring of Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems against cyber-physical attacks. The problem is formulated as the sequential detection and isolation of transient signals in stochastic-dynamical systems in the presence of unknown system states and random noises. It is solved by using the analytical redundancy approach consisting of two steps: residual generation and residual evaluation. The residuals are firstly generated by both Kalman filter and parity space approaches. They are then evaluated by using sequential analysis techniques taking into account certain criteria of optimality. However, these classical criteria are not adequate for the surveillance of safety-critical infrastructures. For such applications, it is suggested to minimize the worst-case probability of missed detection subject to acceptable levels on the worst-case probability of false alarm and false isolation. For the detection task, the optimization problem is formulated and solved in both scenarios: exactly and partially known parameters. The sub-optimal tests are obtained and their statistical properties are investigated. Preliminary results for the isolation task are also obtained. The proposed algorithms are applied to the detection and isolation of malicious attacks on a simple SCADA water network
Roux, Stéphane. "Structures et désordres." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523045.
Повний текст джерелаRaid, Idir. "Développement de méthodes numériques et de caractérisations expérimentales pour l’étude des contraintes mécaniques et défaillances induites dans les dispositifs microélectroniques avancés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI084.
Повний текст джерелаThe trend in the microelectronics industry is towards miniaturisation, from transistors to the integrated circuit package. This constant desire of compactness is certainly motivated by economic reasons, but also by the perspectives to gain in performance, power and ergonomics. In early 90s, 0.8 µm was the transistors gate length at major semiconductor manufacturers. The length has been reduced to 6 nm with a density of integration of 125 million transistors per square millimetre. However, such a transition does not come without consequences, as far as it concerns fracture mechanisms, it is particularly true regarding the low-k dielectrics. This family of materials, although porous and fragile, is essential to ensure the insulation in the circuitry of an increasingly dense Back-End of Line (BEoL), with increasingly fine lithography. Besides, due to its porosity, it also has a hydrophilic behaviour which greatly reduces both its insulation quality and stress strength. For all these reasons, the seal ring, the copper interconnection structure that encircles the chip, was implemented to (i) ensure the mechanical integrity of its interior, containing the electrically active part of the die, and (ii) to protect it from moisture and other chemicals intrusions. Hence the interest of this work to address the thermomechanical stresses and cracking phenomena which are articulated around the BEoL. To do so, various paths revolving around the same line of research, mechanical integrity in microelectronics systems, are proposed. (i) Two ways of evaluating stress fields in active silicon and passive BEoL are investigated: by implementing sensor structures based on the principles of piezoresistance and extensometry respectively. (ii) The Four-Point Bending technique is benchmarked, and readapted to account for the crack length, for cracks advancing is homogeneous (decohesion) and heterogeneous (debonding) thin films structures. (iii) A Finite Elements approach, combined with Cohesive Zone Models under Small-Scale Yielding conditions, is proposed to analyse the influence of the arrangement and plasticity of copper in the interconnections in the resistance to crack advance
Flores, Salvador. "Problèmes d'optimisation globale en statistique robuste." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1227/.
Повний текст джерелаRobust statistics is a branch of statistics dealing with the analysis of data containing contaminated observations. The robustness of an estimator is measured notably by means of the breakdown point. High-breahdown point estimators are usuallly defined as global minima of a non-convex scale of the erros, hence their computation is a challenging global optimization problem. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate the potential distribution of modern global optimization methods to this class of problem. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the tau-estimator for linear regression, which is defined as a global minimum of a nonconvex differentiable function. We investigate the impact of incorporating clustering techniques and stopping conditions in existing stochastic algorithms. The consequences of some phenomena involving the nearest neighbor in high dimension on clustering global optimization algorithms is thoroughly discussed as well. The second part is devoted to deterministic algorithms for computing the least trimmed squares regression estimator, Which is defined through a nonlinear mixed-integer program. Due to the combinatorial nature of this problem, we concentrated on obtaining lower bounds to be used in a branch-and-bound algorithm. In particular, we propose a second-order cone relaxation that can be complemented with concavity cuts that we obtain explicitly. Global optimality conditions are also provided
Rossillon, Frédérique. "Influence des conditions de soudage sur le comportement en fatigue d'un acier THR Dual Phase soudé par point." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00279069.
Повний текст джерела