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1
Descotes, Raluca. "The valorization of export information and its impact upon the international performance of SMEs." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN22001/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La Capacité d'Absorption (CA) de l'information et la perspective « Knowledge Based View » (KBV) ont fait l'objet d'un intérêt académique significatif et croissant à travers un grand nombre de disciplines pendant la dernière décennie. En dépit de cet important intérêt académique, la littérature développée sur la CA et la perspective KBV a privilégié l'étude des entreprises à forte composante technologique, visant à modéliser principalement l'innovation sur la base de l'absorption de l'information technologique. En conséquence, la connaissance et l'information concernant l'environnement du marché international d'une organisation ont été principalement ignorées, malgré leur importance accrue pour le développement des activités d'exportation des entreprises, laquelle a été fréquemment soulignée dans la littérature portant sur l'internationalisation. Particulièrement dans le cas des PME, il est unanimement accepté qu'afin de mieux faire face à la turbulence de marchés internationaux, les PME doivent mieux gérer l'information et développer des niveaux supérieurs de connaissances et compétences de gestion des activités internationales (Kuivalainen et Bell 2004). Ce travail de thèse vise à répondre au moins en partie à ce manque dans la littérature et fournit deux principales contributions. En premier lieu, cette thèse propose une conceptualisation de la CA de l'information à l'export, adaptée dans le cas des PME, basée sur la réitération du concept de CA par Zahra et George (2002) en tant que capacité dynamique. En second lieu, des éléments de la littérature sur la CA, la KBV, l'orientation de marché (OM), le marketing et le management international ont été combinés pour développer un cadre conceptuel qui décrit l'évolution de l'état d'information à l'export des PME et son impact sur leur niveau de performance internationale. La nature causale de la problématique de recherche nous a mené à retenir une méthodologie quantitative. Néanmoins, tenant compte de la nature qualitative et multidimensionnelle de l'information, une première recherche préliminaire qualitative a été entreprise afin d'explorer si l'utilisation des éléments des perspectives KBV, AC et OM est appropriée pour décrire l'impact de l'évolution de l'état d'information à l'export dans les PME sur leur niveau de performance internationale. De plus, il nous a semblé important de vérifier si la mobilisation de ces éléments de la littérature est congruente avec les perceptions managériales. Ainsi, 24 entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés avec les dirigeants des entreprises exportatrices. Par la suite, sur la base de la revue de la littérature et de la recherche qualitative préliminaire, un questionnaire a été développé. Le questionnaire a été pré-testé et envoyé aux dirigeants des PME de l'industrie des métaux. 107 questionnaires exploitables ont été recueillis (taux de réponse de 19,1%). L'évaluation des relations causales de l'influence qui composent le modèle de recherche selon l'approche PLS a mené à la validation de neuf des dix propositions de recherche énoncées. Ainsi, les résultats suggèrent que la perspective de la CA de Zahra et de George (2002) constitue un cadre attrayant et efficace pour explorer l'impact de la dynamique liée au traitement de l'information à l'export sur le niveau de la performance internationale des PME. Les résultats suggèrent que la qualité de l'exposition aux sources d'information à l'export des PME (évaluée à travers la richesse des sources d'information à l'export) et la richesse des expériences internationales des employés export (évaluée en termes de variété, complémentarité et durée), ainsi que la réelle expérience internationale de PME apparaissent comme des causes déterminantes de la capacité des PME à acquérir efficacement de l'information à l'exportThe Absorptive Capacity (AC) and the Knowledge-Based View (KBV) perspectives have generated significant scholarly interest across a large number of disciplines over the last decade. Despite this important scholarly interest, both the AC and KBV literature streams have focused primarily on technology-intensive and dynamic industries, aiming to model innovation on the basis of technological and R&D knowledge absorption. As a result, knowledge and information relating to an organization's international market environment were mainly ignored, even though their utmost importance for foreign business development is overall emphasized within the international marketing literature. Especially in the case of SMEs, it is oftenly suggested that in order to handle the international market place turbulence, they shall better manage information and develop superior knowledge and capabilities relative to the management of foreign operations (Kuivalainen and Bell 2004). This dissertation aims to address this gap in the literature and provides two major contributions. First, a conceptualization of the AC of export information adapted in the case of SMEs is proposed, based on Zahra and George's (2002) re-lecture of the AC concept. Second, insights from the AC, marketing, international business, market orientation (MO) and knowledge management literature were combined to develop and test a research model for describing the export information state evolution in SMEs and its impact on their international performance. The causal nature of the research question led us to the retaining of a quantitative methodology. Nonetheless, taking into account the preponderant qualitative and multi-dimensional nature of information, a first qualitative preliminary research has been undertaken aiming to explore whether the use of insights from the KBV, MO and AC literature for describing the impact of the evolution of export information state in SMEs on their levels of international performance was consistent with the managerial perceptions. To this end, 24 semi-structured interviews were realized with French and Romanian SMEs' managers. Furthermore, based on the literature review and the preliminary qualitative investigation, a questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire was pre-tested and then sent to the managers of exporting SMEs from the steel industry. 107 usable questionnaires were gathered, yielding for a response rate of 19,1%. The estimation of the causal relationships of influence composing the research model with PLS path modeling (XLSTAT software) led to the validation of nine out of the ten research propositions composing the research model. The results suggest that the AC perspective of Zahra and George (2002) is an appealing and efficient framework for exploring the dynamics associated with export information processing in small firms and their impact upon SMEs' international performance levels. The results suggest that the richness of export information sources, the real export experience of SMEs, and the richness of the international experiences of export employees positively and significantly influence the efficiency of export information acquisition in small firms. Furthermore, the efficiency of export information acquisition and assimilation practices, namely knowledge transfer and integration and coordination efficiency, determine the export responsiveness capacity of SMEs. In turn, the export responsiveness capacity has a strong impact upon the SMEs' positional advantage in terms of international marketing competences. The results suggest that by means of responding and taking corrective action in order to better manage foreign market shifts, firms appear to build superior levels of positional advantage in terms of foreign market-related competences compared to their competitors
2
Gaines, Leonard T. "Trust and its ramifications for the DoD Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA382046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management and M.S. in Computer Science) Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2000.Thesis advisor(s): Michael, James Bret; Buddenberg, Rex. Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-141). Also available online.
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Pedersen, Carl M. "Trust and its ramification for the DoD public key infrastructure (PKI)." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA387375.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S. in Information Systems and Operations) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2001.Thesis advisor(s): Michael, James Bret ; Josang, Audun. "March 2001." Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-87). Also available in print.
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Apostolaki, Naomi. "The evolution of pneumaticity in Sauropodomorpha and its correlation to body size." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/4cc35625-8bf5-42c0-a414-af202d357488.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The superfamily Sauropodomorpha comprised some of the largest terrestrial herbivorous vertebrates that have ever walked on this planet. The study of these fascinating beings has been at the forefront of palaeontological research throughout the years. Especially in the last 20 years, due to the advent of modern techniques and technologies, significant steps have been made towards our understanding of their physiology. One of the sauropodomorphs’ central morphological characteristics is the expression of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity (PSP), a condition that is also expressed in the other superfamily of the order Saurischia, the Theropoda, as well as in their extant relatives, the Avians. This condition remodels the vertebrae and, occasionally the girdles and appendicular elements, producing perforations, depressions, excavations, cavities and internal chambers. This is a result of bone invasion and resorption from the development of the lung-air sac diverticula of the respiratory system. The various forms of this expression have been addressed across all subfamilies of sauropodomorphs mostly from an evolutionary aspect and, recently, from a developmental scope too. The resulting hypotheses state that PSP may have acted as a mechanism for weight reduction, allowing for sauropods to attain large sizes without having to suffer analogous gravitational constraints from equally attained masses. Any possible associations, though, between the expression of pneumaticity and body size have not been put under test. Through this study, a method of quantification and categorisation of PSP, and therefore, classification of the sauropodomorphs which express it, is created from the data retrieved from 61 taxa across all subfamilies, permitting us not only to trace any correlation between PSP and metric size data (body mass and body length) but also to visualise the evolution of PSP throughout Sauropodomorpha. This classification scheme from highest to lowest expression of PSP, ‘Alpha’, ‘Beta’, ‘Gamma’, ‘Delta’, and ‘Epsilon’ stems from the numerical estimate of pneumaticity in terms of a percentage, called the Pneumaticity Degree Index (PDI%). The revised scheme, Pneumaticity Degree Index (PDI%), takes account of the number of vertebral elements that are pneumatized in a single vertebra, the nature of pneumaticity traits, as well as the intensity of pneumatization in different body regions of interest (e.g. vertebral column), resulting in an integral and comprehensive measure of PSP. The proposed method ranks each pneumaticity trait with a value from 1 to 5 with 1 (100%) representing the most invasive unambiguous trait (e.g. camellae) and 5 (~ 10%) the least invasive and most ambiguous trait (i.e. fossa). By adding and dividing by their number all of the observed traits of every available vertebra of a region we retrieve a decimal numeric outcome and this outcome is translated to a percentage. The total average pneumatization of any taxon is calculated by retrieving the total average of the pneumaticity from all available body regions. In this study, only vertebral and pelvic elements were used for the retrieval of pneumaticity data since they are the most frequently exhibiting pneumatic traits in comparison to pectoral and appendicular elements. Results show that the total average PDI% range of basal Sauropodomorpha is 0%-59%, of the non-neosauropod Eusauropoda is 23%-90%, of Diplodocoidea is 45%-73%, of Macronaria is 45%-92% and of Somphospondyli is 46%-94%. The most pneumatized vertebral landmarks are the centrum, neural arch and neural spine. The vertebral regions most commonly pneumatized are the cervicals and dorsals. No genus or subfamily of sauropodomorphs ever reaches 100% pneumatization in all vertebral regions. Furthermore, PSP is not always positively correlated with mass, rather its expression is mostly correlated with length. Taxa with low or high masses may exhibit either low or high PDI’s. In addition, increasing progression of the extent and expression of PSP occurs mostly on a subfamilial level and less throughout the entire lineage. Finally, modelling calculations result in an Ornstein-Ulenbeck with an early burst progress of the expression of pneumatisation in sauropodomorphs. After that, the expression proceeds relatively steadily throughout the entire superfamily. The biotic causes of PSP are still unclear, as it could be an artefact of inheritance and genetic drift throughout speciation events. The pneumatization degree index (PDI%) is a means of quantifying and categorising pneumatization in any archosaurian taxon that is faster and cheaper, though less accurate, than CT scanning. It is more precise than the Pneumaticity Index since it integrates a wider selection of the qualities and osteological characteristics of pneumaticity we want to measure, provided that the bone under study is at least 50% free of matrix.
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Kelly, Amanda M., and Vanessa P. Ambers. "Installation, configuration and operational testing of a PKI certificate server and its supporting services." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1615.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedPublic key infrastructure (PKI) was created to provide the basic services of confidentiality, authenticity, integrity and non-repudiation for sensitive information that may traverse public (un-trusted) networks. This thesis provides a brief description of the background and functional components of a PKI, and then "builds" a PKI to be used for research at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS). Deficiencies of this PKI with respect to DoD PKI policy are delineated. The thesis addresses details of software selection, installation, configuration and operation; using Netscape's Certificate Management System as its Certificate Authority application of choice. The functionality of this PKI was validated by testing all major certificate lifecycle events (creation, archival, revocation, validation, etc.) All but two of these tests were successful-key escrow and revocation checking-and thus these two remain to be addressed by further work to make the NPS PKI fully functional.
First Lieutenant, United States Air Force
Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy
6
Laghari, Gul Mohammad. "Preparation and properties of polybenzodioxane PIM-1 and its copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/preparation-and-properties-of-polybenzodioxane-pim1-and-its-copolymers-with-polyethylene-glycol(1b728ac9-9362-415d-ae6a-61dd3ffde884).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis describes the synthesis of soluble Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1), fluoro-endcapped PIM-1 (F-PIM-1) and copolymers of F-PIM-1 with poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (MeOPEG). The main aim of the project was to alter the porosity of microporous PIM-1 in three ways: (a) synthesis of copolymers of F-PIM-1 with MeOPEG (b) blending of PIM-1 with MeOPEG in various proportions; and (c) adsorption of MeOPEG from aqueous solution byPIM-1. PIM-1 and F-PIM-1 were synthesized by step growth polymerization of tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (TFTPN) with 5,5',6,6'-tetrahydroxy-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1'-spirobisindane (THSB), using the conventional method and a newly reported high shear mixing method. F-PIM-1 oligomers were then coupled to poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (MeOPEG). The products were analyzed by NMR, IR, MALDI ToF MSS, TGA and polystyrene based GPC as well as multidetector GPC techniques. The high shear technique generally produced high molar mass products and yields. This method was also more successful for copolymerization.Blending of PIM-1 and MeOPEG in different proportions resulted in macrophase separation. Copolymer products were used to facilitate mixing of blends (as compatibilizers), however only 5% of MeOPEG could be solubilised into a PIM-1 phase. The effect of compatibilizer was found to be affected by interaction between PIM-1 and copolymer. However, N2 adsorption studies showed that after thermal removal of MeOPEG, PIM-1 regained stable porosity with significant BET surface area.Fluorescence studies were aimed at applications of PIM-1 and copolymers in sensors. PIM-1 and copolymers, spin-coated on the polyester-based substrate Melinex, were studied with and without methanol treatment in an environment of different solvent vapours. The effect of time and volume on wavelength shift and change in intensity was studied. Polar solvents tended to cause a red shift with decrease in intensity while less polar solvents behaved otherwise. Based on fluorescence experiments, solvent profiles for PIM-1 and copolymers were established.
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Ambers, Vanessa P. Kelly Amanda M. "Installation, configuration and operational testing of a PKI certificate server and its supporting services /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FAmbers.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004.Thesis advisor(s): J.D. Fulp, Dan C. Boger. Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-160). Also available online.
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Cheng, Chung-shan, and 鄭重山. "The project management stream (PMS) for public works projects: An analysis of its formulation andimplementation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965568.
Повний текст джерела
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Coëffin-Driol, Christine. "PMA - IVG, éthique et pratique des soignants face aux enjeux de la (dé)fabrication humaine." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse en psychologie clinique est issue d'une recherche qualitative plus large approchant conjointement l'activité de tous les soignants dans 2 centres de Procréation Médicalement Assistée et dans 2 centres d'Interruption Volontaire de Grossesse. L'investigation des savoirs-faire et sentiments mobilisés dans les deux types d'interventions au moyen de 122 observations non participantes et de 44 entretiens de recherche, a permis de sélectionner et de se concentrer plus spécifiquement ici sur l'éthique construite pour ces situations de travail au travers de la double analyse - Cognitivo-Discursive sous Tropes® et Clinique - des entretiens de recherche. Les résultats mettent en visibilité l'autonomie morale subjective et la responsabilité morale expansée des soignants, la métamorphose de la portée de l'agir dès lors qu'il s'agit de (dé)procréation humaine, ainsi que la nécessité de changer de paradigme pour les sciences humaines qui travaillent ces sujets. Au plus près de ce dont il est question, les soignants s'arrangent dans l'intimité de leur intervention, parce qu'il faut bien arbitrer, transiger, discerner, composer avec soi et avec les autres, quels qu'ils soient, pour faire en sorte que le sens de l'activité soit maintenu mais pas seulement : l'idée que l'on se fait de l'humanité, la survie de l'Espèce. En dernier ressort, cette recherche se constitue comme un plaidoyer pour l'analyse clinique des pratiques médicales et non médicales, en psychologieThis thesis in psychology emerge from a larger qualitative research conjunctively approaching all the nursing staff activity in 2 infertility clinics and 2 abortion clinics. The investigation of the abilities and feelings mobilized in the operations types by the way of 122 non participant observations and 44 research interviews, has allowed to select and put the focus more specifically on the ethic built up within work situations throughout the research interviews double analysis Cognitivo-Discursive under Tropes® and Clinical -. The results bring out the nursing staff subjective moral autonomy and expanded moral responsibility, behaving reaching metamorphosis since human (de)procreation is at stake, as well as the necessity for the human sciences which work out those subjects, to change their paradigms. At that close distance to what is all about, the nursing staff is adjusting in his intervention intimacy, because one has to arbitrate, compose, discern, compromise with oneself and with the others, whoever they are, to take steps to ensure that the activity sense would be maintained but not only : the idea of what is humanity, the Species survival. Finally, this research constitutes itself, in psychology, as an argument for clinical analysis of the medical and non medical practises
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Silvennoinen, L. (Laura). "ERp57—Characterization of its domains and determination of solution structures of the catalytic domains." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2006. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514280547.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract
The correct three dimensional structures of proteins are essential for their ability to function properly. Proteins start to fold as soon as they are synthesized in the ribosomes from activated amino acids. Many secreted, cell-surface, secretory pathway and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumenal proteins have in their amino acid sequence cysteine residues which form intra- and intermolecular disulfide bridges that stabilize the overall fold of the proteins and protein complexes. The formation of correct disulfide bonds is a complex process which takes place within the ER.
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is the key enzyme in the formation and rearrangement of correct disulfide bonds in the ER. It is an archetypal and the best studied member of the PDI family, i.e. a group of ER proteins that resemble thioredoxin (TRX), a protein reductase, in their structure. PDI has a four domain a-b-b'-a' structure the a and a' domains having the catalytic activity and amino acid sequence similarity to TRX. In addition to its function as a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase, PDI acts as the β subunit in two protein complexes: collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase (C-P4H) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP).
The closest homologue of PDI is the multifunctional enzyme and chaperone ERp57 that functions in concert with two lectins, calnexin (CNX) and calreticulin (CRT) specifically in the folding of proteins that have sugar moieties linked to them. ERp57 is 56% similar to PDI in its amino acid sequence and has also the four-domain architecture. Despite the high similarity in their structures ERp57 cannot substitute for PDI as the β subunit of C-P4H. The minimum requirement for the C-P4H tetramer assembly is fulfilled by domains b' and a' of PDI, while domains a and b enhance this function and can be substituted in part by those of ERp57.
Until very recently the structural information of any of the PDI family members, which contains the TRX active site was limited to solution structures of human PDI domains a and b. In this research the domain boundaries of the full length ERp57 were defined and the individual domains characterized. Furthermore the solution structures of the catalytically active domains a and a' of ERp57 were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
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Mistry, Anita Ramesh. "Formation of the PML-RAReÌ fusion and its role in the pathogenesis of acute promyelocytyc leukaemia." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413754.
Повний текст джерела
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Cheng, Chung-shan. "The project management stream (PMS) for public works projects : an analysis of its formulation and implementation /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19711372.
Повний текст джерела
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Pietas, Agnieszka. "Identification of the tumour-associated gene S100A14 and analysis of its regulation." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15196.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Durch Analyse der Subtraktion-cDNA Bibliothek einer humanen Lungentumor Zelllinie haben wir ein neues Mitglied der S100 Genfamilie identifiziert und charakterisiert, welches S100A14 benannt wurde. Die vollständige cDNA hat eine Länge von 1067 bp und kodiert für ein Protein von 104 Aminosäuren, welches die S100-spezifische Kalzium-bindende Domäne enthält. Das Gen wird in normalen humanen Epithelien ubiquitär exprimiert, zeigt jedoch Expressionsverluste in vielen Tumorzelllinien. Im Gegensatz zu Tumorzelllinien ist S100A14 auf mRNA- und Proteinebene in vielen humanen Primärtumoren stärker exprimiert, unter anderem in Lungen- und Brustkarzinomen. Um den Mechanismus der erhöhten S100A14 Expression in Lungen- und Brustkarzinomen zu verstehen, haben wir die Effekte des EGF (epidermal growth factor) und des TGF-alpha (transforming growth factor-alpha) untersucht. Beide Faktoren sind Liganden des ERBB Rezeptors und induzieren in der immortalisierten bronchialen Epithelzelllinie S100A14 Expression. Unter Verwendung spezifischer Inhibitoren konnte gezeigt werden, dass für die EGF-vermittelte transkriptionelle Induktion der ERK1/2 Signalweg (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) verantwortlich ist und eine de novo Proteinsynthese erfordert. Diese Ergebnisse unterstützend konnte immunhistologisch eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen der Überexpression von ERBB2 und S100A14 in primären Brustkarzinomen nachgewiesen werden. Phorbolester-12-Myristat-13-Acetat (PMA) verstärkte gleichfalls die S100A14 mRNA Expression in 9442 Zellen, was eine Regulation durch die Protein Kinase C (PKC) vermuten lässt. Die PMA-induzierte Expression von S100A14 wird ebenso wie die TGF-alpha/EGF-Induktion durch die Aktivierung des ERK1/2 Signalweges vermittelt. In Anbetracht der großen Bedeutung der ERK1/2 und PKC Signalwege in der Tumorentstehung und Tumorprogression ist zu vermuten, dass S100A14 über die aberrante Regulation dieser Signalwege an die maligne Transformation gekoppelt ist.By analysing a human lung tumour cell line subtraction cDNA library, we have identified and characterized a novel member of the human S100 gene family that we designated S100A14. The full-length cDNA is 1067 bp and encodes a putative protein of 104 amino acids. The predicted protein contains the S100-specific EF-hand calcium-binding domain. The gene is ubiquitously expressed in normal human tissues of epithelial origin. S100A14 transcript was found to be down-regulated in many immortalized and tumour cell lines from diverse tissues. In contrast to the tumour cell lines, S100A14 shows up-regulation at the mRNA and protein level in many human primary tumours, including lung and breast carcinomas. To elucidate mechanisms whereby S100A14 expression is enhanced in lung and breast tumours, we studied the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) on its expression. Both are ligands of ERBB receptor and induced S100A14 expression in the immortalized bronchial epithelial cells. By use of specific inhibitors, we found that EGF-mediated transcriptional induction of S100A14 involves extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signalling and requires de novo protein synthesis. In support of these findings, we demonstrated by immunohistochemistry a significant correlation between ERBB2 and S100A14 protein overexpression in primary breast carcinomas. Our studies showed that the phorbol ester 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increases S100A14 mRNA expression in immortalized bronchial epithelial cells suggesting regulation by protein kinase C (PKC). Similar to TGF-alpha/EGF induction, the PMA-induced S100A14 expression was also mediated by activation of the ERK1/2 signalling cascade. Considering the importance of the ERK1/2 and PKC signalling pathways in tumour development and progression we suggest that it is the aberrant regulation of these signalling cascades that couples S100A14 to malignant transformation.
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Kattekola, Rajiv. "Numerical Analysis of Thermal Characteristics of a Tablet Computer and its Internal Components." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1378113727.
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Zhu, Yiping [Verfasser]. "Epigenetic regulation of the pKi-67 gene promotor. DNA methylation analysis of its CpG island / Yiping Zhu." Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1010394193/34.
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Kopecký, Martin. "Aplikace pro monitorování multicastových relací." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218091.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work deals with a monitoring application for multicast sessions. The general aim is to develop the application for monitoring multicast sessions from network elements of a laboratory computer network. The first part describes possibilities of monitoring computer networks in terms of monitoring techniques and protocols. The second part contains a topology of the laboratory computer network and several basic commands for setting of the multicast in Cisco IOS. The third part is devoted to the developed application for monitoring the multicast in Java language. The last part describes the testing on an actual multicast network and an example of such testing is stated there.
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Rossi, Manuela. "Business process reengineering e project management: La creazione del sistema di gestione dei progetti in ICS Italia - Aspiag Service S.R.L." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6786/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’obiettivo dell’elaborato è mostrare come, partendo da una robusta base teorica nelle discipline del Project Management e del Business Process Reengineering, sia possibile ridefinire un sistema di gestione dei progetti (a livello singolo e di aggregato) e sviluppare, presso il personale coinvolto, le competenze necessarie a sostenere autonomamente ed a migliorare il sistema così creato.
La reingegnerizzazione della progettazione nell’azienda in esame si è sviluppata nell’arco di un quadriennio: nel 2010 è stata concretizzata la prima release dei processi di gestione del progetto singolo e dell’aggregato, nel 2011 è maturata la seconda release, mentre nel biennio 2012-2013 si sono “congelati” i risultati ottenuti e si è sviluppata l’autonomia dei Project Manager interni e del Project Management Office. Dall’analisi è emersa l’importanza di un solido approccio metodologico negli interventi di innovazione organizzativa.
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Marinello, Martina. "Ataxin-7 SUMOylation and its functional consequences in the spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) pathophysiology." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066266/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'ataxie spinocérébelleuse de type 7 (SCA7) est une maladie neurodégénerative due à une expansion de CAG traduit en polyQ dans la protéine ataxine-7. La SUMOylation, modification post-traductionnelle que nous avons identifiée moduler l'agrégation de la protéine mutante, est facilitée par une SUMO E3 ligase.Nous avons identifié RanBP2, une nucléoporine appartenant au complexe du pore nucléaire en tant que SUMO E3 ligase, via SUMO-1 de l'ataxine-7. En effet, le silencing de RanBP2 induit l'agrégation de l'ataxine-7 mutante, ce qui démontre l'implication de RanBP2 dans la physiopathologie de SCA7. Nous montrons également que l'ataxine-7 endogène est une cible modifiée par SUMO-1 et -2. L'ataxine-7 poly-SUMOylée, grâce à la présence de chaines SUMO2/3, est capable de recruter RNF4. Cette protéine conduit à la dégradation de l'ataxine-7 mutante par la voie du protéasome. La dégradation est abolie en présence d'un mutant de RNF4.Dans un modèle murin KI SCA7, nous avons quantifié l'expression des gènes impliqués dans la voie de la SUMOylation au niveau des régions les plus touchées du cerveau. Le niveau d'expression des ARNs messagers montre des altérations dépendantes des répétitions CAG du gène SCA7. A 6 mois (avant le début de la pathologie), les premières dérégulations sont observées; à 12 mois (à un stade avancé de la maladie), on note une diminution statistiquement significative de Sumo-1 dans le cervelet des souris Atxn7100Q/5Q. Ces résultats, alliés à l'observation de l'accumulation anormale des protéines SUMO-1 et RanBP2 dans le cervelet d'un patient SCA7, suggèrent que les voies de la SUMOylation in vivo peuvent être perturbées dans SCA7Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG expansion (polyQ) in the protein ataxin-7. SUMOylation, a post-translational modification that we identified to modulate mutant protein aggregation in a SCA7 cellular model, is facilitated by a SUMO E3 ligase. Here, we identified RanBP2 (Nup358), a nucleoporin belonging to the nuclear pore complex, as the major E3 enzyme implicated in ataxin-7 modification by SUMO-1. Indeed, RanBP2 silencing renders mutant ataxin-7 more prone to aggregation, thus demonstrating the implication of RanBP2 in SCA7 pathophysiology. We also show that endogenous ataxin-7 is a target for both SUMO-1 and -2 modification. Poly-SUMOylated ataxin-7 presents a docking site composed of SUMO2/3 chains for the recruitment of RNF4: this protein is a SUMO E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates degradation of mutant ataxin-7 by the proteasome pathway. The degradation is abolished in presence of a mutant form of RNF4. In a SCA7 knock-in mouse model we quantified expression of SUMO-pathway related genes in cerebellum and retina, the most affected regions using quantitative RT-PCR. SUMO-related genes show expanded repeat-dependent alterations in expression patterns. At 6 months (before onset), deregulations begin to occur; by 12 months (late stage of disease), there is a statistically significant impairment in Sumo-1 levels in Atxn7100Q/5Q cerebellum. These results, together with the observation that SUMO-1 and RanBP2 protein accumulate abnormally in the cerebellum of a SCA7 patient, suggest that in vivo SUMO-modifying pathways may be perturbed in SCA7
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Giorgi, Soubeyrand Ludivine. "Les facteurs métier du dirigeant de PME ont-ils une incidence sur ses pratiques alimentaires et par causalité sur sa santé ?" Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD011/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’état de santé des dirigeants de PME se dégrade. En effet, comme le soulignent certaines études (INRA, 2010; Observatoire AMAROK, 2012; MMA/Opinion Way, 2016), l’incertitude, les défaillances de trésorerie ou encore la surcharge de travail, seraient à l’origine du stress professionnel qui occasionnerait des maux chroniques. Cependant, seul un patron sur dix s’autoriserait un arrêt de travail. Dans ce contexte, Olivier TORRES en 2009 crée l’observatoire AMAROK et lance un vaste programme de recherches qui s’intéresse aux apports d’une démarche santé dans les sciences de gestion et, plus particulièrement, centré sur la personne même du dirigeant de PME. En effet, depuis quelques années, les démarches de prévention santé au travail suscitent un intérêt croissant de la part des pouvoirs publics et sont désormais inscrites au rang des devoirs du dirigeant envers ses salariés. Cependant, les études s’intéressant à la santé des dirigeants de PME restent aléatoires. S’inscrivant dans la lignée des développements d’auteurs comme RICHE (1998), TORRES et al. (2012), HERCBERG (2013), notre analyse invite ainsi à considérer la question de la santé du dirigeant de PME comme un outil de gestion responsable. Nous mobilisons les travaux sur les spécificités qui caractérisent le monde PME (MARCHESNAY, 1981, 1993; JULIEN, 1994; MAHE DE BOISLANDELLE, 1996; TORRES, 1997, 1998, 1999; FONROUGE, 2002), sur l’empreinte de l’environnement (DUVIGNAUD, 1977; FISCHER, 2011; TORRES 2012), le travail et la santé (LESAGE, 2012), ainsi que la modernité des pratiques alimentaires (FISCHLER, 1990; GAUDILLIERE 2001; POULAIN, 2002). Dans ce travail doctoral, nous cherchons d’une part à comprendre dans quelle mesure les déterminants caractérisant le métier de dirigeant de PME influent sur ses pratiques alimentaires, et, d’autre-part, à déterminer les causalités sur sa santé et celle de son entreprise. Sur le plan méthodologique, ce travail s’inscrit en premier lieu dans une étude exploratoire, s’appuyant sur les réponses apportées, à la suite d’une enquête par questionnaire, par l’échantillon de dirigeants de PME de la première cohorte de l’observatoire AMAROK. Les résultats de l’étude exploratoire mettent en exergue le rôle des marqueurs identitaires et nous conduisent à mener une étude qualitative compréhensive, en élaborant une deuxième grille de lecture considérant les notions de temps, de bien-être et de performance. Quatre principaux résultats émanent de notre recherche. En premier lieu, nous mettons en avant que suivant leurs marqueurs identitaires, les comportements alimentaires et de santé diffèrent. La proximité fonctionnelle du dirigeant place ce dernier dans une posture à la fois de sujet et d’objet, l’amenant à percevoir l’environnement et les autres d’une manière spécifique. Dans ce contexte, nous constatons que la taille de l’entreprise et l’entourage proche influencent ses pratiques alimentaires. Dans un deuxième temps, nous identifions que les pratiques alimentaires et compensatoires du dirigeant impactent sa santé et inversement. Il apparait que le dirigeant de PME est globalement sensible aux pressions exercées par la société civile et à la notion de risque. Troisième constat, les facteurs liés aux métiers de dirigeant de PME influencent sa santé. Nous pointons du doigt les effets délétères et « salutogènes » du travail sur la santé physique et psychique. Puis, nous identifions que les dirigeants ont une utilisation fonctionnelle de l’alimentation, qui dépendrait de leur surcharge de travail, de leur état d’esprit et de leur genre. Enfin, nous proposons une vision de la contribution d’une démarche unissant santé du dirigeant de PME etgestionThe health of the leaders of SME (Small and Medium-sized Entreprise) degrades. Indeed, as underline it certains studies (INRA, 2010; Monitoring center AMAROK, 2012; MMA/Opinion Way, 2016), the uncertainty, the failures of finance or still the working overload, would be at the origin of the professional stress which would cause chronic troubles. However, only a boss on ten would adduce a sick leave (work stoppage). In this context, Olivier TORRES in 2009 creates the AMAROK observatory and launches a vast research program which are interested in the contributions of an initiative health in the science of management and more particularly centered on the person of the leader of SME. Indeed, since a few years, the steps of prevention health in the work arouse an interest growing on behalf of public authorities and are registered from now on to the rank of the homework of the leader to his employees. However, the studies being interested in the health of the leaders of SME remain random. Joining the lineage of the developments of authors as RICH (1998), TORRES and al. (2012) HERCBERG (2013), our analysis so invites to consider the question of the health of the leader of SME one responsible management tool. We mobilize the works on the specificities which characterize the world SME (MARCHESNAY, on 1981, on 1993; JULIEN, on 1994; MAHE OF BOISLANDELLE, on 1996; TORRES, on 1997, on 1998, on 1999; FONROUGE, on 2002), on the imprint of the environment (DUVIGNAUD, on 1977; FISCHER, on 2011; TORRES on 2012), the work and the health (LESAGE, on 2012;), as well as the modernity of the food practices (FISCHLER, on 1990; GAUDILLIERE on 2001; FOAL, on 2002).In this doctoral work, we try on one hand to understand to what extent determiners caractérisants the job by leader of SME influential on its food practices, and on the other hand to determine the causalities on his health and that of his company.On the methodological plan, this work joins first of all in an exploratory study, leaning on the brought answers, following an investigation by questionnaires, by the sample of leaders of SME of the first cohort of the monitoring center AMAROK. The results of the exploratory study highlight the role of the identical markers and lead us to lead a comprehensive qualitative study, by developing the second key for reading considering the notions of time, well-being and performance.Four main results emanate from our search. First of all, we put forward that according to their identical markers, eating habits and of health different. The functional closeness of the leader places him in a posture at the same time of subject and object, bringing him to perceive the environment and the others in a specific way. In this context, we notice that the size of the company and the close entourage influence its food practices. Secondly, we identify that the food and compensatory practices of the leader impact on its health and vice versa. It seems that the leader of SME is globally sensitive to the pressures exercised by the civil society and the notion of risk. The third report, the factors bound to the jobs by leader of SME influence its health. We point at the noxious effects and "salutogènes" of the work on the physical and psychic health. Then, we identify that the leaders have a functional use of the food, which would adapt itself to the stoneware of their working overload, their state of mind and their kind. Finally, we propose a vision of the contribution of an approach uniting health of the leader of SME and management.Keywords: SME(SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISE), health of the leader, the food practices, the paradox well-being / performance
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Cui, Wencong [Verfasser]. "Using Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) to Study the PML-associated Daxx/ATRX Complex and Its Role in Pediatric Malignancies / Wencong Cui." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1229387455/34.
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Hägglöf, Peter. "Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 : structure-function studies and its use as a reference for intramolecular distance measurements." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Medical Biochemistry and Biophsyics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Inhibitors belonging to the serpin (serine protease inhibitor) family control proteases involved in various physiological processes. All serpins have a common tertiary structure based on the dominant b-sheet A, but they have different inhibitory specificity. The specificity of a serpin is determined by the Pl-Pl’ peptide bond acting as a bait for the target protease which is made up of an exposed reactive centre loop (RCL). The serpin plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is the main physiological inhibitor of urokinase-type and tissue-type plasminogen activators (uPA and tPA, respectively). Elevated plasma levels of PAI-l have been correlated with a higher risk of deep venous thrombosis, and PAI-1 is a risk factor for recurrent myocardial infarction. Furthermore, PAI-1 has a role in cell migration and has been suggested to regulate tumor growth and angiogenesis. PAI-1 is unique among the serpins in that it can spontaneously and rapidly convert into its latent form. This involves full insertion of the RCL into b-sheet A.
There were two partially overlapping goals for this thesis. The first was to use latent PAI-1 as model for development of a fluorescence-based method, Donor-Donor Energy Migration for intramolecular distance measurements. The second goal was to use DDEM, together with other biochemical methods, to reveal the structure of the PAI-1/uPA complex, the conformation of the RCL in active PAI-1, and molecular determinants responsible for the conversion of PAI-1 from the active to the latent form.
The use of molecular genetics for introduction of fluorescent molecules enables the use of DDEM to determine intramolecular distances in a variety of proteins. This approach can be applied to examin the overall molecular dimensions of proteins and to investigate structural changes upon interactions with specific target molecules. In this work, the accuracy of the DDEM method has been evaluated by experiments with the latent PAI-1 for which X-ray structure is known. Our data show that distances approximating the Förster radius (57±1 Å) obtained by DDEM are in good agreement (within 5.5 Å) with the distances obtained by X-ray crystallography.
The molecular details of the inhibitory mechanism of serpins and the structure of the serpin/protease complex have remained unclear. To obtain the structural insights required to discriminate between different models of serpin inhibition, we used fluorescence spectroscopy and cross-linking techniques to map sites of PAI-1/uPA interaction, and distance measurement by DDEM to triangulate the position of the uPA in the complex. The data have demonstrated clearly that in the covalent PAI-1/uPA complex, the uPA is located at the distal end of the PAI-1 molecule relative to the initial docking site. This indicates that serpin inhibition involves reactive center cleavage followed by full loop insertion, whereby the covalently linked protease is translocated from one pole of the inhibitor to the opposite one.
To search for molecular determinants that could be responsible for conversion of PAI-1 to the latent form, we studied the conformation of the RCL in active PAI-1 in solution. Intramolecular distance measurements by DDEM, the newly a developed method based on probe quenching and biochemical methods revealed that the RCL in PAI-1 is located much closer to the core of PAI-1 than has been suggested by the recently resolved X-ray structures of stable PAI-1 mutants, and it can be partially inserted. This possibly explains for the ability of PAI-1 to convert spontaneously to its latent form.
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Richmond, Patrick Henry. "The regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) and its role in chemoreception in the carotid body type-1 cell of the neonatal rat." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359506.
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Zhu, Yanmin. "The expression of a pectinmethylesterase (PME) gene in root tips of pea and its impact on border cell separation and plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288949.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plant exudates have been implicated as a driving force for rhizosphere interactions, the molecular mechanisms of root exudation and release of plant signal molecules remain unknown. Molecular dissection of the process of root exudation may eventually lead to the genetic engineering of plants to manage rhizosphere interactions. In this study, the release of microbial gene inducers was examined by manipulating border cell separation. Specifically, the hypothesis to be tested is whether border cell separation contributes to the release of nodulation (nod) gene inducers. The model system was pea and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae. The experimental approach was to identify gene that play a role in border cell separation, which can be used as a tool to manipulate the process experimentally. Molecular cloning and genetic manipulation by antisense mutagenesis of rcpme1 was carried out to test whether expression of rcpme1 in root tips of pea is required for border cell separation. The cDNA and genomic copy of rcpme1 were cloned and characterized. The rcpme1 promoter was isolated and analyzed by expression of a GUS reporter genes fused to the promoter. Using Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transgenic hairy roots, the effect of PME on border cell separation was examined by expressing antisense rcpme1 mRNA driven by its own promoter. Transgenic hairy roots of pea expressing antisense rcpme1 mRNA showed various phenotypes including incomplete separation of root border cells, decreased border cell number, abnormal root tip morphology, and stunted hairy root development. To test the hypothesis that the process of border cell separation plays a role in root-microbe interactions, pea and its symbiotic partner Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae were used. Results from this study indicated that transgenic hairy roots with reduced border cell separation resulted in reduced nod gene induction, while physiological treatments that increase border cell separation activity resulted in enhanced nod gene induction. Increased nod gene induction was correlated with increased nodulation on pea roots. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the process of border cell separation from root tips of pea is important in border cell separation and consequent release of root exudate-derived nod inducers.
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Peng, Wendi Surveying & Spatial Information Systems Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Roles of factors in simulation of parking guidance and information systems." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Surveying & Spatial Information Systems, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42788.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Parking Guidance and Information (PGI) system is an important application of Intelligent Transport System (ITS), which has been shown to be an effect service for traffic information and parking management. The roadside Variable Message Sign (VMS) board has been the usual media for the publication of parking information in early PGI systems, and its performance over the years has been studied via simulations and questionnaire surveys. However, survey results show significant discrepancies across various traffic networks in different areas. More recently, parking information services have become available on other media such as mobile and in-vehicle devices. In contrast to VMS-based systems, PGI systems based on new media, especially the in-vehicle class of devices, have not been studied separately. This thesis aims to conduct research into the performance of PGI systems based on invehicle devices, by simulating and comparing a VMS-based PGI system with a Vehicle On-Board Device (VOBD)-based PGI system. A specially designed simulator utilising a routing algorithm known as the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in computer networks, has been created in MATLAB. The simulation minimises the influence of specific structures of traffic networks that may be found in some networks, but not others. This is done by simulating a grid-based road network where the capacities of parking stations and their geographic distribution are randomly allocated within specific zones, and the parking demand in each run of simulations is variable load. The results of simulations, including the information reliability, reduction of travel time, demand on on-street parking and the utilisation rates of parking stations, are analysed for multiple scenarios where the compliance rate, the information update policy and the strategy of human behaviour are varied. The analyses reveal a significant advantage of VOBD-based PGI systems over VMS-based PGI systems in terms of the quality of information and the reduction of travel time. At the same time, the analyses highlight the limitations of a PGI system when the demand and supply of parking stations is not appropriately balanced.
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Marcelino, Eduardo Miguel Baptista Ferreira. "Protein disulfide isomerase as a target for besnoitiosis therapy : molecular characterization and studies of its role in infection and host immune response." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11693.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Veterinárias na especialidade de Sanidade Animalamedmarcelino@fmv.ulisboa.pt
Besnoitia besnoiti is an apicomplexan parasite responsible for bovine besnoitiosis, a disease with a high prevalence in tropical and subtropical regions and re-emerging in Europe. Despite the great economical losses associated with besnoitiosis, this disease has been underestimated and poorly studied, and neither an effective therapy nor a vaccine to be used in Europe is available. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an essential enzyme for the acquisition of the correct three-dimensional structure of proteins. Current evidence suggests that in Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii, which are closely related to B. besnoiti, PDI plays an important role in host cell invasion, is a relevant target for the host immune response, and represents a promising drug target and/or vaccine candidate. In this work, we presented the nucleotide sequence of the B. besnoiti PDI gene and a 3D theoretical model was built by comparative homology using Swiss-Model server. B. besnoiti expresses a PDI with 471 amino acids, structurally similar to human and yeast PDIs, with four thioredoxin-like domains a, b, b’, a’ and a C-terminal extension c. The a and a’ domains present the characteristic active site pattern CxxC, in this case CGHC and CGYC, respectively. Analysis of the phylogenetic tree for PDI within the phylum Apicomplexa reinforced the close relationship among B. besnoiti, N. caninum and T. gondii. Recombinant B. besnoiti PDI (recBbPDI) and truncated versions corresponding to domains a, b, b’ and a’c were expressed in a heterologous system. Mice were immunized with recBbPDI for the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by hybridoma technology and four mAbs were produced and characterized. RecBbPDI and domain a’c (recBb-a’c) were functionally active and exhibited a dose dependent cross-linking activity of insulin. In the presence of bacitracin, tocinoic acid, 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and 4-chloromercuribenzoic acid (pCMBA) activity of both enzymes was inhibited, in a dose dependent manner. The same happened with recBbPDI in the presence of mAbs (with the exception of T8a), but not with recBb-a’c, whose activity was not sensitive to the presence of mAbs. In vitro proliferation of B. besnoiti tachyzoites was diminished in the presence of PDI inhibitors and anti-PDI mAbs, indicating that this enzyme seems to intervene in the process of host cell adhesion/invasion. In this way, considering the inhibitions obtained, both in the host cell invasion ability and in the enzyme catalytic activity, PDI can represent a potential target for addressing the treatment and/or prevention of besnoitiosis. The panel of monoclonal antibodies here developed represents an important tool for future studies.
RESUMO - A enzima isomerase de dissulfureto como alvo terapêutico contra a besnoitiose bovina. Caracterização molecular e estudo do seu papel na infeção e na resposta imunitária - Besnoitia besnoiti, o agente etiológico da besnoitiose bovina, pertence ao filo Apicomplexa, família Sarcocystidae, subfamília Toxoplasmatinae, estando filogeneticamente próximo dos géneros Neospora e Toxoplasma. A besnoitiose bovina é uma doença severa mas geralmente não fatal, endémica em vastas áreas tropicais e subtropicais de África e responsável por elevadas perdas económicas. Na Europa, após as primeiras descrições há mais de um século, em França e Portugal, a doença recebeu pouca atenção até finais do século XX, altura em que a sua incidência começou a aumentar com relatos em Portugal, Espanha, Itália e França. Mais recentemente o avanço geográfico da doença é relatado com casos na Grécia, Suíça, Alemanha, Hungria, Croácia e Irlanda. A fase aguda da doença é marcada por alterações respiratórias, febre, anasarca, diarreia e, por vezes, aborto. Na fase crónica, o animal apresenta grande espessamento da pele (elefantíase) com soluções de continuidade, muitas vezes complicadas por infecções oportunistas, má condição corporal e, nos machos, orquite necrosante e aspermia. Apesar de ser conhecida há mais de um século, assim como a sua etiologia parasitária, a besnoitiose bovina mantém muitos aspectos da sua epidemiologia desconhecidos, incluindo o ciclo de vida do seu agente etiológico. Outras espécies do género Besnoitia têm um ciclo heteroxeno mantido por uma relação presa-predador entre pequenos mamíferos e o gato. Acredita-se que o ciclo de vida de B. besnoiti seja semelhante, mas até à data ainda não foi identificado um hospedeiro definitivo. A transmissão homoxena de bradizoítos e taquizoítos de B. besnoiti foi comprovada experimentalmente, em bovinos e em diversos animais de laboratório, e uma maior incidência da doença nos meses mais quentes do ano, quando existe maior actividade de insetos hematófagos, sugere um papel destes na transmissão de B besnoiti. No entanto, o verdadeiro modo de transmissão deste parasita na natureza mantém-se desconhecido. A doença pode atingir uma elevada taxa de morbilidade, o que, associado à gravidade das manifestações clínicas e à inexistência de vacina segura ou tratamento eficaz, justifica a necessidade de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a biologia deste parasita, tentando desenvolver novas abordagens à terapêutica e à formulação de vacinas. A enzima isomerase de dissulfureto (PDI, do inglês protein disulfide isomerase), uma das mais abundantes do retículo endoplasmático, catalisa a formação de pontes dissulfureto e o rearranjo de emparelhamentos dissulfureto incorrectos, permitindo que as proteínas adquiram a sua correta conformação tridimensional. As suas funções (ou disfunções) têm sido implicadas em doenças neurodegenerativas como Alzheimer ou Parkinson ou na capacidade proliferativa de células neoplásicas. Sabe-se hoje que, para além da sua localização maioritariamente reticular, a PDI está presente à superfície das células, onde participa em diversas funções biológicas, como a ativação e agregação plaquetária, a adesão leucocitária ou a internalização de agentes patogénicos como alguns vírus e clamídias. Em diversos parasitas do filo Apicomplexa, incluindo Neospora caninum e Toxoplasma gondii, foram já identificadas PDIs na superfície dos taquizoítos e foi demonstrado que a inibição desta proteína, através de drogas ou anticorpos específicos, tem um efeito negativo sobre a capacidade de proliferação dos parasitas, evidenciando o papel que esta parece desempenhar no processo de adesão/invasão da célula hospedeira. Por outro lado, a PDI parece ter um papel relevante na resposta imunitária do hospedeiro, uma vez que foi identificada como uma proteína imunodominante e que foi demonstrada a presença de anticorpos anti-T. gondii-PDI e anti-N. caninum-PDI no repertório inato do homem e da vaca, respetivamente. Em conjunto, estas evidências sublinham a importância da PDI no processo de invasão celular e na resposta imunitária do hospedeiro. Neste trabalho determinámos a sequência completa do gene da PDI em B. besnoiti, clonámos o respectivo cDNA e expressámos a proteína recombinante, assim como versões truncadas da mesma, num sistema heterólogo. A PDI de B. besnoiti (BbPDI) pertence à superfamília das tiorredoxinas (cluster 00388), estando incluída na família PDI_a (cluster defined cd02961) e subfamília PDI_a_PDI_a’_c (cd02995). Construímos um modelo tridimensional da BbPDI por homologia de comparação usando o software disponível no servidor Swiss-Model e tendo como modelo a estrutura cristalográfica da Tapasina-ERp57 (código do PDB: 3F8U chain C). Verificámos que B. besnoiti expressa uma PDI composta por 471 aminoácidos, com a organização típica descrita para a PDI humana e de levedura, ou seja os 4 domínios estruturalmente semelhantes à tiorredoxina, domínio a, b, b’, a’, com uma extensão C-terminal c. Os domínios activos a e a’ apresentam os característicos centros ativos CxxC, no caso de B. besnoiti com a sequência aminoacídica CGHC e CGYC, respectivamente. A análise filogenética para a PDI colocou a B. besnoiti no mesmo ramo que a N. caninum e T. gondii. Com a PDI recombinante de B. besnoiti (recBbPDI), imunizámos murganhos com o objetivo final de produzir anticorpos monoclonais (mAbs) anti-PDI, pela tecnologia de hibridomas. Obtivemos 4 mAbs, que foram caracterizados no reconhecimento das versões truncadas de PDI, correspondentes aos domínios a, b, b’ e a’c e na capacidade de reconhecerem cruzadamente a PDI de N. caninum e T. gondii. Todos os anticorpos produzidos, T8a, S4a, R60b e S16p, reconhecem a proteína recombinante e a natural de B. besnoiti, tanto em condições desnaturantes como em condições nativas. Dois mAbs (T8a e S4a) reconhecem o domínio a’c, um anticorpo reconhece o domínio b’ (R60b) e o outro (S16p) não reconhece nenhuma versão truncada da proteína. O anticorpo T8a é específico para a PDI de B. besnoiti, enquanto os restantes reagem cruzadamente com a PDI de N. caninum e T. gondii, quando testados por western blot e ELISA. Foi avaliada a actividade cinética da proteína recombinante pelo método da agregação da insulina. Este consiste na avaliação turbidimétrica da precipitação da insulina como resultado da formação de pontes dissulfureto, ação que é catalisada pela PDI. Foram avaliadas as versões truncadas dos domínios ativos (a e a’c) e a proteína integral, tendo-se verificado ausência de atividade para a versão truncada correspondente ao domínio a. Contudo, a versão truncada a’c (recBb-a’c) e recBbPDI mostraram-se funcionalmente ativas. Na presença de bacitracina, ácido tocinóico, ácido ditionitrobenzoico (DTNB) e ácido p-cloromercurobenzóico (pCMBA) a atividade destas enzimas foi, de uma forma geral, inibida de um modo dose-dependente. O mesmo aconteceu com a atividade catalítica da recBbPDI quando testada na presença dos mAbs produzidos (excepto mAb T8a), mas não na actividade de recBb-a’c, que não foi inibida por nenhum dos mAbs. Verificou-se a presença de PDI no produto de secreção/excreção de taquizoítos e, para avaliar o envolvimento desta no processo de invasão da célula hospedeira, foram colocados taquizoítos de B. besnoiti sobre um tapete confluente de células Vero na presença das drogas e dos mAbs acima mencionados. Após uma hora, removeram-se os inibidores e os taquizoítos em suspensão e as culturas foram incubadas por mais onze horas para permitir a fácil visualização dos vacúolos parasitóforos, por imunofluorescência indireta. A presença de inibidores da PDI e de mAbs anti-PDI permitiram diminuir a taxa de invasão de B. besnoiti, demonstrando a acção desta enzima no processo de adesão/invasão da célula hospedeira. Tendo em conta os resultados de inibição obtidos, quer na capacidade de invasão de célula hospedeira, quer na atividade cinética da enzima, a PDI pode de facto representar um alvo para o desenvolvimento de estratégias terapêuticas e/ou profilácticas contra a besnoitiose bovina. O painel de anticorpos monoclonais aqui desenvolvidos representa uma ferramenta importante para estudos futuros.
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Yeni, Filiz. "Determination Of Polymorphism Of Pgm, Hk, Pgi, And G6pd In Different Developmental Stages Of Honey Bee (apis Mellifera L.) And Its Relation With Pgm Activity And Glycogen Content." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611930/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, three subspecies of Apis mellifera L. (A. m. caucasica, A. m. carnica, and A. m. syriaca) from different climatic regions were evaluated electrophoretically at ontogenetic level by means of four enzymes, namely Phosphoglucomutase (PGM), Hexokinase (HK), Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) and Glukose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). It is determined that only Pgm and Hk loci were polymorphic. Allele and genotype frequencies at Pgm locus changes seasonally whereas Hk locus does not exhibit seasonal variation. Within the scope of this study we investigated at which developmental stage shifting to heterozygotes prior to winter occurs.
It is found that there is a seasonal fluctuation throughout the year in Pgm genotype frequencies at each developmental stage studied and correlated with enzyme activity and glycogen content. As the studied enzymes have crucial
v
roles in insect energy metabolism, results of this study provided further information about the relationship between carbohydrate metabolism and enzyme polymorphism of honey bees.
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Picawy, Maria Maira. "PDI - Plano de desenvolvimento institucional, PPI - projeto pedagógico institucional e PPC - projeto pedagógico de curso, entre o dito e o feito, uma análise da implementação em três IES/RS/Brasil." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/2743.
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Previous issue date: 2007University Education in Brazil, according to statistical data from INEO – The Anísio Teixeira National Institute of Studies and Educational Research – between 1995 and 2005 – presents a significant increase in the number of private institutions of higher learning (IES) and, as a consequence, of enrollments. This growth connects the realities of these institutions directly to the national need for parameters, which might inform the Ministry of Education on certain aspects of these realities. Our study PDI – Institutional Development Plan, PPI – Institutional Pedagogical Project and PPC – Course Pedagogical Project, between what has been said and what has been done, an analysis of implementation in three private Institutions/RS/Brazil brings a contribution on this field, as it makes a reflexive and critical analysis on the articulations among PDI, PPI and PPC/Pedagogic in three IES/RS/Brazil, with the purpose of characterizing interactive, effective, relevant and significant elements to the organizational trajectory and implementation of these documents in their academic and pedagogic reality, in their Environmental Scenery defined as “A”, “B” and “C” and, with these data to be able to organize thematic categories. The Multiple Cases Studies, as a research methodology, sought to qualify aspects related to changes and conceptual and paradigmatic challenges to the interactive processes and to their social dimensions. Having the legal orientations of MEC/INEP/SINAES/DCNs as a reference – which regulate the IES – the textures of these legal documents characterize how strongly these three documents demanded by present law, keep significant relationships between what is said and what is done.The characterizations and implementations presented demand a specificity which expresses the personality of the IES, the problematizations bring forth the practices which identify and delineate these limits and possibilities, understanding that to each new element of discovery, the research text may restructure itself looking for a construction “in course”. Some questionings have oriented our research: do the researched IES have the three documents demanded by the Ministry of Education as their legal mandatory references? How have these documents been constructed and by whom? How is the implementation of these documents done? What do they represent in the daily practice of students and masters? Do the legal demands of the Ministry of Education support the development of the IES or do they become a mere structural instrument to be presented officially on solemn occasions? Are the new demands of University Education in the documents implemented in everyday academic activities? Would it be possible to evaluate categorical evidence on the implications of these implemented actions in the IES that have been researched? The study brings reflections on: Brazilian University Education and its expansion, competitivity and evaluation; Legal Fundaments of Evaluation in University Education – SINAES – PDI, PPI, PPCPed; the Pedagogy Course – Professor’s Formation; Research Methodology in “Studies of Multiple Cases”; texts from each one of the Environmental Scenery, Comparative Analysis among the three cases studied and Conclusions. Consolidating the matters that have oriented the three study cases performed, the paper presents partial synoptic tables and another of final comparative analysis.As far as the three formalized divisions are concerned, Fundaments/ODI, Development/PPI and PPL, Sustainability/ PPCPed, besides the characterization of each scenery and analysis: both present the results achieved. The IES bring from their region of activity their strong institutional cultures. They exert their educational actions with Christian and regional references challenging, with their personalities, a multiple-offer market; they believe in a new meaning for Legal Documents, maintaining the orientation. However, they create alternate economical viabilities; invest in a pedagogical and administrative management bringing them to their curricular matrixes, within their own personalities, mixing ethics, faith, Christianity, national challenges, credibility and globalization. In the concluding pages of this paper, we have placed the core idea to which this thesis is the answer, abstracted from the path of data collecting in the study cases, articulating its formal and interpretative possibilities and management forms of Community and Contextualized Cultures of Universities, through dimensions such as, knowledge, Concepts, Attitudes and behavior and the possibilities of their being linked anew: Individual and Team Competence, Personal Dominion, Work, Team Teaching and Learning, Shared Visions, Mental Models, Inter and Transdisciplinarity.
A Educação Superior no Brasil, conforme dados estatísticos do INEP – Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira, entre 1995 e 2005, apresenta um aumento significativo no número de Instituições de Ensino Superior Privadas e, por conseguinte, de matrículas também. Esse crescimento coloca as realidades das IES em contato direto com a necessidade nacional de parâmetros que possam sinalizar ao Ministério da Educação sobre aspectos destas realidades. Nosso estudo “PDI – Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional, PPI – Projeto Pedagógico Institucional e PPC – Projeto Pedagógico de Curso, entre o dito e o feito, uma análise da implementação em Três IES/RS/Brasil” traz uma contribuição neste sentido, realizando uma análise reflexiva e crítica sobre as articulações havidas entre PDI, PPI e PPC/Pedagogia em três IES/RS/BRASIL, objetivando caracterizar elementos interagentes, efetivos, relevantes e significativos à trajetória de organização e implementação destes documentos nas suas realidades acadêmicas e pedagógicas, nos seus Cenários de Ambientação definidos como “A”, “B” e “C” e, com estes dados, organizar categorias temáticas. Os estudos de casos múltiplos, como metodologia de pesquisa, buscaram qualificar aspectos relativos às mudanças e desafios conceituais e de paradigmas, à qualidade dos processos interativos e às suas dimensões sociais. Tendo como referência as orientações legais do MEC/INEP/SINAES/DCNs, que regulam as Instituições de Ensino Superior, as tecituras dos textos caracterizam o quanto estes três documentos, exigidos pela Legislação vigente às IES, mantêm relações significativas entre o dito e o feito.As caracterizações e implementações apresentadas impõem especificidades que expressam a personalidade das IES, as problematizações trazem as práticas que identificam e delineiam estes limites e possibilidades, entendendo que, a cada novo elemento de descoberta, o texto da pesquisa pode reestruturar-se buscando uma construção “em navegação”. Algumas questões orientaram diretamente nossa Pesquisa: As IES pesquisadas possuem os três documentos, exigidos pelo MEC, como seus referenciais legais obrigatórios? Como foram construídos esses documentos e por quem? Como se dá a implementação desses documentos? O que eles representam na prática diária dos Alunos e Professores? A exigência legal do MEC apóia o desenvolvimento das IES ou se torna um mero instrumento de estrutura a ser apresentado oficialmente em ocasiões especiais? As novas demandas do Ensino Superior, colocadas nos documentos, são implementadas no cotidiano acadêmico? Haveria possibilidade de um levantamento de categorias que desse conta das implicações dessas ações de implementação,nas IES pesquisadas? O trabalho traz reflexões sobre: o Ensino Superior Brasileiro e sua expansão, competitividade e avaliação; Base Legal da Avaliação do Ensino Superior – SINAES - PDI, PPI, PPCPed; o Curso de Pedagogia – Formação Docente; a Metodologia de Pesquisa de “Estudos de Casos Múltiplos”; Textos de cada um dos Cenários de Ambientação; Análise Comparativa entre os três casos estudados e Conclusões.
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Shishido, Cesar Augusto de Oliveira. "O teatro e seu duplo de Antonin Artaud: uma outra cena do inconsciente." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8146/tde-29092015-154955/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Este trabalho tem como objetivo abordar uma das obras mais importantes do escritor francês Antonin Artaud, Le Théâtre et son double, explorando o universo artaudiano, a partir de conceitos, como a peste e a crueldade. O estudo procura abordar a proposta de Teatro da Crueldade e as críticas feitas por Artaud em relação aos espetáculos apresentados na França na década de 1930. Por meio de uma crítica ao chamado teatro psicológico, Artaud exalta um teatro constituído por diversas linguagens, não restrito à mera reprodução do texto. Sem a pretensão de abordar a extensa obra escrita por Artaud, a dissertação tem como objetivo tratar de aspectos revelantes dos conceitos tratados por Artaud, como a crueldade e a peste, tentando identificar em sua proposta de teatro, o desenvolvimento de conceitos ligados à psicanálise, como a pulsão de morte. Procuramos, ainda, discutir o processo de criação de Artaud, problematizando a figura do Pai em sua escrita e a chamada outra cena do inconsciente que seria aberta pelo teatro da crueldade.The purpose of this research is to analyse one of the most important works of Antonin Artaud, The Theater and its double (Le Théâtre et son double), exploring his universe from concepts like the pest and cruelty. The study seeks to analyse the proposal of the Theatre of Cruelty and the criticisms made by Artaud in relation to theatrical performances presented in France in the 1930s. By making a critique of the psychological theater, Artaud ideates a theater consisted of different languages, not restricted to the simple reproduction of the text. Without attempting to address the extensive work by Artaud, the dissertation aims to analyse some aspects of important concepts created by Artaud, as the cruelty and the pest, trying to identify in its proposal for the theater, as well as the development of concepts related to psychoanalysis, like the death drive. We also aim to discuss the creation process of Artaud, by analyzing the figure of the Father in his writing and the so called \"other unconscious scene\" that would be opened by the theater of cruelty.
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Picawy, Maria Maira. "PDI - Plano de desenvolvimento institucional, PPI - projeto pedag?gico institucional e PPC - projeto pedag?gico de curso, entre o dito e o feito, uma an?lise da implementa??o em tr?s IES/RS/Brasil." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2008. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3560.
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Previous issue date: 2008-01-17A Educa??o Superior no Brasil, conforme dados estat?sticos do INEP Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais An?sio Teixeira, entre 1995 e 2005, apresenta um aumento significativo no n?mero de Institui??es de Ensino Superior Privadas e, por conseguinte, de matr?culas tamb?m. Esse crescimento coloca as realidades das IES em contato direto com a necessidade nacional de par?metros que possam sinalizar ao Minist?rio da Educa??o sobre aspectos destas realidades. Nosso estudo PDI Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional, PPI Projeto Pedag?gico Institucional e PPC Projeto Pedag?gico de Curso, entre o dito e o feito, uma an?lise da implementa??o em Tr?s IES/RS/Brasil traz uma contribui??o neste sentido, realizando uma an?lise reflexiva e cr?tica sobre as articula??es havidas entre PDI, PPI e PPC/Pedagogia em tr?s IES/RS/BRASIL, objetivando caracterizar elementos interagentes, efetivos, relevantes e significativos ? trajet?ria de organiza??o e implementa??o destes documentos nas suas realidades acad?micas e pedag?gicas, nos seus Cen?rios de Ambienta??o definidos como A, B e C e, com estes dados, organizar categorias tem?ticas. Os estudos de casos m?ltiplos, como metodologia de pesquisa, buscaram qualificar aspectos relativos ?s mudan?as e desafios conceituais e de paradigmas, ? qualidade dos processos interativos e ?s suas dimens?es sociais. Tendo como refer?ncia as orienta??es legais do MEC/INEP/SINAES/DCNs, que regulam as Institui??es de Ensino Superior, as tecituras dos textos caracterizam o quanto estes tr?s documentos, exigidos pela Legisla??o vigente ?s IES, mant?m rela??es significativas entre o dito e o feito. As caracteriza??es e implementa??es apresentadas imp?em especificidades que expressam a personalidade das IES, as problematiza??es trazem as pr?ticas que identificam e delineiam estes limites e possibilidades, entendendo que, a cada novo elemento de descoberta, o texto da pesquisa pode reestruturar-se buscando uma constru??o em navega??o. Algumas quest?es orientaram diretamente nossa Pesquisa: As IES pesquisadas possuem os tr?s documentos, exigidos pelo MEC, como seus referenciais legais obrigat?rios? Como foram constru?dos esses documentos e por quem? Como se d? a implementa??o desses documentos? O que eles representam na pr?tica di?ria dos Alunos e Professores? A exig?ncia legal do MEC ap?ia o desenvolvimento das IES ou se torna um mero instrumento de estrutura a ser apresentado oficialmente em ocasi?es especiais? As novas demandas do Ensino Superior, colocadas nos documentos, s?o implementadas no cotidiano acad?mico? Haveria possibilidade de um levantamento de categorias que desse conta das implica??es dessas a??es de implementa??o,nas IES pesquisadas? O trabalho traz reflex?es sobre: o Ensino Superior Brasileiro e sua expans?o, competitividade e avalia??o; Base Legal da Avalia??o do Ensino Superior SINAES - PDI, PPI, PPCPed; o Curso de Pedagogia Forma??o Docente; a Metodologia de Pesquisa de Estudos de Casos M?ltiplos ; Textos de cada um dos Cen?rios de Ambienta??o; An?lise Comparativa entre os tr?s casos estudados e Conclus?es.
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Rachedi, Abderrezak. "Contributions à la sécurité dans les réseaux mobiles ad Hoc." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683602.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La thèse se focalise sur la sécurité dans les réseaux mobiles ad hoc (MANET : Mobile Ad hoc NETwork) [RFC 2501]. L'absence d'une gestion centrale des fonctionnalités du réseau rend ces réseaux beaucoup plus vulnérables aux attaques que les réseaux sans fil (WLAN) et filaires (LAN). Malheureusement, les protocoles de sécurité qui existent actuellement ne sont pas conçus pour un tel environnement (dynamique). Ils ne prennent pas la contrainte des ressources en considération car non seulement l'environnement est dynamique, mais les ressources sont aussi limitées (mémoire, capacité de calcul et surtout énergie), ce qui complique davantage la problématique, car on sait bien que les solutions de sécurité sont gourmandes en terme de ressources. Cependant, en raison de l'importance des domaines d'application des réseaux mobiles ad hoc comme les opérations militaires (communication entre les avions, les voitures et le personnel et opérations de secours, situations d'urgence en cas de sinistre, etc . . .), il faut relever le défi, car concevoir un mécanisme de sécurité infaillible pour les réseaux mobiles ad hoc est nécessaire. L'objectif principal de la thèse consiste à étudier les solutions susceptibles d'assurer la sécurité dans les réseaux mobiles ad hoc, en proposant une architecture hiérarchique distribuée qui permet d'établir une infrastructure dynamique à clé publique. Cette architecture doit supporter les différentes caractéristiques de ces réseaux (absence d'une unité centrale de gestion de réseau, topologie réseau dynamique, etc . . .). Dans ce but, un modèle de confiance adapté à l'environnement dynamique pour assurer l'évolution des niveaux de confiance des nœuds est établi. De plus, les vulnérabilités au niveau des autorités de certification sont prises en compte dans le nouveau concept de DDMZ (zone dynamique démilitarisée) que nous proposons. Dans le but de sécuriser les nœuds dont le rôle est crucial au sein du réseau, leur identité doit être cachée. C'est pourquoi le concept d'anonymat est introduit. Un protocole d'authentification anonyme est proposé. De plus, nous nous inspirons du modèle militaire pour mettre en place un mécanisme de camouflage qui cache le rôle des nœuds sensibles. Pour entretenir le modèle de confiance, un mécanisme de surveillance est indispensable. Il est adapté aux contraintes de l'environnement sans fil dynamique et réduit le taux de fausses alarmes (faux positifs). Il est fondé sur une approche inter-couches et un modèle probabiliste pour améliorer l'observation du nœud surveillant. Pour faire face aux attaques intelligentes de type inter-couches, une étude des vulnérabilités au niveau des couches inférieures comme la couche MAC est menée. Ensuite, des mécanismes de prévention et de détection sont analysés et évalués. La performance de ces mécanismes est évaluée avec la prise en compte des métriques primordiales pour les réseaux mobiles ad hoc, telles que la consommation d'énergie, la mobilité, la densité des nœuds et du trafic, etc . . .
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Li, Xuyuan. "Improving partial mutual information based input variable selection for data driven environmental and water resources models." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/100723.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Artificial neural networks (ANNs), as one of the most commonly used data driven models for environmental and water resources problems, have been applied successfully and extensively over the last two decades and are still gaining in popularity. Consideration of the methods used in the steps in the development of ANNs, which consist of data collection, data processing, input variable selection, data division, calibration and validation, are vitally important, as ANN model development is based on data, rather than understanding of the underlying physical processes. Among these methods, input variable selection (IVS) plays a significant role, as the performance of the developed model can be compromised if inputs having a pronounced relationship with the modelled output are omitted. In contrast, calibration becomes extremely challenging and modelling validation, as well as knowledge extraction, are problematic if redundant or superfluous inputs are included. Given the facts explained above, various techniques have been developed for the sake of more accurate IVS. Partial mutual information (PMI) is one of the most promising approaches to IVS, as it has a number of desirable properties, such as the ability to account for input relevance, the ability to cater to both linear and non-linear input-output relationships and the ability to check the redundancy of selected inputs. PMI is a stepwise input selection algorithm, which only selects one variable per iteration, as part of which the strength of the relationship between each potential input and the output is quantified using mutual information (MI) and input redundancy is accounted for by removing the influence of already selected inputs. This is achieved by developing models between the selected input and the output and assessing the strength of the relationship (in terms of MI) between the remaining potential inputs and the residuals of these models during the next iteration, which is referred to as PMI. Although PMI IVS has already been applied successfully to a number of studies in hydrological and water resource modelling, present implementations predominantly depend on the assumption that the data used to develop the model follow a Gaussian distribution. This assumption has the potential to affect two steps in the PMI process, including the estimation of MI/PMI and the estimation of the residuals. In terms of MI/PMI estimation, this requires kernel density estimates of the modelling data to be obtained for the estimation of marginal and joint probability density functions (PDFs), which rely on estimates of kernel bandwidths (or smoothing parameters) and in most studies, the Gaussian reference rule is used for this purpose, which only results in optimal bandwidth estimates if the modelling data follow a Gaussian distribution. However, this is unlikely to be the case when dealing with water resources and other environmental data. In terms of residual estimation (RE), this has generally been done using general regression neural networks (GRNNs), which also require estimates of kernel bandwidths to be obtained and therefore suffers from the same issues as MI/PMI estimation. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the impact the assumption that the data follow a Gaussian distribution has on the performance of PMI IVS and the efficacy of potential methods for overcoming any problems associated with this assumption. In order to achieve this, a large number of numerical tests are conducted on synthetic data with different degrees of normality and non-linearity, investigating the effectiveness of a range of options for (i) bandwidth estimation (caused by making Gaussian assumptions for non-Gaussian circumstances when adopting kernel based estimations in both MI/PMI and RE) and (ii) for dealing with boundary issues (caused by using a symmetrical kernel for bounded/unsymmetrical data when implementing kernel based estimations in both MI/PMI and RE), as well as methods for RE that do not require kernel density estimates. The results from these tests are used to develop preliminary guidelines for the selection of the most appropriate bandwidth and the most effective treatment of the boundary issue, which are then validated for two water resources case studies with different data properties and problem linearity, including forecasting of river salinity in the River Murray, Australia, and rainfall-runoff modelling in the Kentucky River, USA. The major research contributions are presented in three journal publications. The motivations underlying these publications include: 1) the development and testing of rigorous and novel analytical procedures for assessing if, and to what degree, the performances of residual and MI estimates are affected by bandwidth selection and boundary issues; 2) clear explanation of the inaccurate performance of conventional PMI IVS under the influence of bandwidth selection and boundary issues; 3) the development of effective preliminary guidelines based upon synthetic studies dealing with both bandwidth selection and boundary issues under different scenarios categorised by data normality and problem linearity; 4) the development of more robust and reliable PMI IVS software for realistic environmental and water resource problems. Overall, the research outcomes suggest that the performance of PMI IVS is significantly influenced by bandwidth selection and boundary issues and can be effectively improved by following the proposed empirical guidelines, although the findings of this work could be tested more broadly, including for data sets with a wider range of attributes, such as different degrees of noise, collinearity and interdependency, as well as incomplete information.Thesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, 2015.
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Chen, Yi-Chun, and 陳怡君. "Research on the Manufacturing PMI Relationships between Taiwan and Its Major Trading Partner Countries." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s4mjqf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
國際企業系碩士在職專班
103
Since Purchasing Manager’s index (PMI) was issued in 1980, it has been a leading role in predicting the economic performance of a country’s domestic market. Therefore, numerous countries began establishing their own PMI and applied it to analyze industries and evaluate investments. Taiwan is an export- oriented country, and its economic growth is heavily dependent on exports. According to the research conducted by Anderson et al (1999), when a country becomes more open to foreign trade, its economic cycle shows a similar trend with that of its major trading partner countries. This study collected Taiwan’s PMI data base and also the PMI data from Taiwan’s major trading partner countries, the United States, Eurozone, China, and Japan. Granger causality test is applied in this study to investigate the relationship of PMI influence between Taiwan and its major trading partner countries, and further to focus in top two major export partners- the United States and People’s Republic of China. We investigated the correlation between four diffusion indices－new orders, production, supplier deliveries and purchase price. The result is intended as a reference for procurement decision makers when considering PMI factors for developing business strategies. According to the results, there was no strong correlation when PMI composite is used to predict short-term economic boom between countries. However, Eurozone’s PMI composite index shows a short term Grange effect on Taiwan’s PMI. In the diffusion index PMI portion, the new orders of US can ahead forecast Taiwan's PMI new orders, the new orders of Taiwan can ahead forecast mainland China's PMI new orders, mainland China's production and supplier deliveries can be a leading in Taiwan purchase price forecast, Taiwan's production and supplier deliveries can be a leading in US purchase price forecast, this showed that Taiwan official PMI is a helpful reference value for the business market for the procurement strategy guidance of decision-makers.
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Figueiredo, Paulo Alexandre Rodrigues. "O regime fiscal de contabilidade: caixa em sede de IVA em Portugal: a perceção dos Técnicos Oficiais de Contas." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/13317.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A presente dissertação versa sobre a análise da adoção do regime fiscal de contabilidade – caixa, em sede de Imposto sobre o Valor Acrescentado (IVA), em Portugal, em especial, a perceção dos Técnicos Oficiais de Contas (TOC).
Este tema reveste particular importância por vários motivos. Em primeiro, porque o Regime de IVA de Caixa é dirigido às Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PME) e o tecido empresarial português é constituído maioritariamente por esta categoria de empresas. Mais ainda, tratando-se de um regime destinado a beneficiar estas empresas, em especial a sua tesouraria, interessa aferir quais os determinantes da opção pelo regime de IVA de Caixa. Em segundo, sendo um regime fiscal optativo, cuja decisão e opção compete aos TOC formalizar, é nossa convicção que é relevante analisar a sua perceção em relação aos determinantes da adoção deste regime.
Assim, foram inquiridos 664 TOC com o objetivo de aferir acerca dos fatores determinantes que conduziram à recomendação, ou não recomendação, do regime de IVA de Caixa. Concluímos, após a análise estatística, que a idade e a experiencia profissional dos TOC são os fatores que mais influenciam a decisão de opção pelo regime.
Palavras
34
Pontes, Daniela Pereira. "The IT project management office: a study about its benefits and drawbacks on ICT portuguese sector." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/97600.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Information Management, specialization in Information Systems and Technologies ManagementThe challenges and complexity on the execution of Information technology and digital transformation projects are increasing. Siloed organizations are preventing value creation and affecting the expected performance of a project. Recently, there is a considerable interest in industry about the potential of the Project Management Office (PMO) capabilities to effectively lead organizations in digital transformation. Several benefits might arise from the introduction of a PMO, however not all organizations have yet realized the PMO structure and potential. The assessment carried out on this research evaluates the current perception of the IT PMO in ITC companies in Portugal. The analysis aims to provide a holistic understanding of perceived value, benefits, drawbacks, and improvement points inside the IT sector from experienced professionals. The survey conducted has sentences with a score rate to support a structured analysis, as a Likert. A discussion on the findings and results concludes the research along with future work suggestions.
35
Yue, Zheng-Zheng, and 岳崢崢. "Problematic Entry Inspection (PEI) and Its Applications For OpenFlow-based SDN." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t57gv6.
Повний текст джерела
36
Taljaard, Petrus Cornelius. "The Pai language of Eastern Mpumalanga and its relationship to Swati." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16169.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is a comparative study of Pai and Swati. The Pai language is spoken
in the easten1 parts of the Mpumalanga Province of the Republic of South
Africa. The study concentrates on the correspondences and differences of the
speech sounds of these two languages and reference is also made to the
morphology.
The previous comprehensive work on Pai was by Ziervogel (1956) where he
classified the Pai language as one of the three dialects of Eastern Sotho. He also
considered the Swati elements present in Pai to be merely borrowings. The
present investigation into the history of the Pai people indicates that Pai may
have had links with languages other than those belonging to the Sotho group
and, from the evidence, an Nguni connection has become a distinct possibility.
The speech sounds of Pai are described in detail in chapter two and
corresponding speech sounds in Swati are included. The vowels of both
languages receive special attention because Pai apparently has a seven-vowel
system and Swati a five-vowel system. The corresponding consonants in these
two languages soon points towards a relationship that is based on more than just
borrowed items. In chapter three the Ur-Bantu sounds of Meinhof and their
reflexes in Swati and Pai are described and compared. The wide variety of
attestations in Pai and the instability of some phonemes are indicative of a
language that has been subjected to many outside influences and that is at the
moment in a state of flux.
In chapter four some aspects of the morphology are described in order to highlight
the peculiar characteristics of Pai as an individual language. The
relationship with Swati is again emphasized by the findings in this chapter. A
statistical analysis of the speech sounds of Pai and Swati in chapter five
indicates that an Nguni core of sounds exists that is shared by both these
languages. A re-classification of Pai within the language context of that area
may therefore be necessary.African Languages
D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)
37
Mahmoud, Abdel-Rahman. "FE-PML Modeling of Guided Elastic Waves and its Applications to Ultrasonic NDE." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis investigates the use of a combined finite element and perfectly matched layer approach in modeling guided elastic wave motion in infinite plates and cylinders and its potential applications to non-destructive evaluation. Underlying principles of the per-fectly-matched, absorbing layer are demonstrated on one-dimensional wave propagation in a semi-infinite elastic rod.
Feasibility of using the perfectly matched layer as absorbing boundary condition in the finite-element modeling of guided elastic wave propagation and scattering is studied for the canonical problem of shear horizontal wave motion in isotropic plates. Numerical re-sults in this study are validated against exact analytical solutions. Excellent agreement has motivated the endeavour to take the technique to the next level of pressure, shear-vertical wave motion in isotropic and transversely isotropic plates.
Time-domain, finite-element formulation of the perfectly matched layer for pressure, shear-vertical wave motion was validated through comparisons with semi-analytical lit-erature data and reciprocity checks. Numerical implementation of the model was em-ployed in studying the effect of crack presence on the time of arrival in a pitch-catch, non-destructive inspection arrangement. Predictions made confirmed previously-reported experimental findings.
Extensions into three-dimensional, Cartesian and cylindrical spaces were validated against reported data. Practical examples of wave scattering in damaged concrete beams, oil and gas pipelines, and composite shells demonstrated the potential use of the proposed model in simulating elastic-wave based non-destructive inspection. Up to 80 % of the computational time needed to run an extended-mesh, finite-element model can be saved by introducing the perfectly-matched, absorbing layer to the finite-element model as the current thesis proposes. This significant saving in computational time by the proposed FE-PML model can accelerate the production of artificial neural network training data or help tackle complicated non-destructive testing applications.
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Jung, Masany. "Us3 disrupts PML nuclear bodies through its interaction with KLHL21 to promote viral gene transcription in interferon-exposed cells." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/12126.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Us3, a serine/threonine kinase encoded by all alphaherpesviruses, plays diverse roles
during virus infection. Recently, work done in our laboratory determined that Us3 orthologues from herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) are capable of disrupting promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) protein nuclear bodies (-NBs). PML-NBs are discrete, dynamic nuclear bodies named for PML, their essential structural component and one that plays a key role in diverse cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and cellular antiviral defense. In infected cells, PML-NBs exert transcriptional silencing on the viral genome to prevent viral gene expression and virus replication.
Based on this finding, my studies were aimed to understand the mechanism and physiological function of Us3-mediated PML-NB disruption. The degradation of one or more cellular proteins seems necessary for this Us3 activity, as the proteasome inhibitor, MG132,
dramatically reduced Us3-mediated PML-NB disruption. The target of this proteasome activity is not likely PML protein, as Us3 expression did not lead to detectable PML protein degradation. Nonetheless, the involvement of proteasome activity suggests that Us3 may utilize the host ubiquitylation pathway to disrupt PML-NBs. Supporting this hypothesis, PRV and HSV-2 Us3 orthologues were shown to interact with KLHL21, a substrate adaptor protein for cullin-3 ubiquitin ligase. PRV and HSV-2 Us3 were re-localized to PML-NBs when co-expressed with KLHL21, and knock-down of KLHL21 prevented Us3-mediated PML-NB disruption. Taken together, these findings suggest that Us3-KLHL21 complex recruits the cullin-3 ubiquitin ligase to PML-NBs, where subsequent ubiquitylation of unknown target(s) leads to PML-NB disassembly.
Since it is well established that PML is an important antiviral effector induced by
interferon (IFN), Us3 may contribute to viral resistance to IFN by disrupting PML-NBs.
Favoring this hypothesis, virus yield and viral gene transcription were dramatically reduced in IFN-exposed cells in the absence of Us3. These reductions were associated with an increased number of PML-NBs in the absence of Us3, and were partially recovered in cells knocked down for PML. Therefore, by disrupting PML-NBs, Us3 may alleviate IFN-induced, host-mediated transcriptional silencing of the viral genome, allowing efficient viral gene transcription and replication in cells exposed to IFN.Thesis (Ph.D, Microbiology & Immunology) -- Queen's University, 2014-04-28 16:36:54.079
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熊曉瑩. "The analysis and study of Boulez’s piece《Improvisation I sur Mallarmé》 from《Pli selon pli》and its application to my music composition." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21960625856694694946.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
音樂學系
100
Pierre Boulez (b.1925) is an important contemporary composer and conductor in France. His compositional techniques are with rational and logical thoughts. Consequently, the uniqueness of his composition is produced with particular designed musical frame. His music presents varieties and contains different instrumentations. Pli selon pli (1957-1962) is regarded as a best example of musical and literal integration. The second movement of Pli selon pli, Improvisation I sur Mallarmé (1958), employs the poem written by symbolism poet, Stéphane Mallarmé (1842-1898) as the texts. Boulez applied the concept of symmetry as an essential idea and utilizes the conception sophisticatedly to provide a lot of surprise. In this thesis, the author would like to address the symbolic concept between the poet and poem, the analysis of the musical symmetry and the interaction between poem, text, and music entity. Furthermore, the author will transform the conceptions into my own compositions.
40
Radko, Sandi. "Analyzing the Biological Role of Human DREF and its Interaction with the Adenovirus E1A Protein." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30750.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Early region 1A (E1A) protein is the first protein expressed following viral infection. E1A proteins initiate the cell cycle in infected cell by altering cellular gene expression and also activate expression of other viral genes enabling viral replication. The C-terminus of E1A is the least-characterized region of the protein, with few known binding partners, however DREF has been identified as a novel binding partner. My studies have determined that DREF directly binds to E1A and has a role in the virus life cycle. DREF is a restriction factor for virus growth and is a component of viral replication centres. DREF is SUMOylated and SUMOylation appears to affect localization to viral replication centres. DREF co-localizes with PML bodies and subcellular distribution of DREF is altered by the presence of E1A. This work provides a platform to study the role of DREF in uninfected cells, and in HAdV biology and its possible role in antiviral response.October 2015
41
Lai, Sheng-chou, and 賴聲州. "Arbitrarily-oriented PEC/PMC-wall conforming boundary conditions for FD-FD method and its applications." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ej422v.
Повний текст джерела
42
CHEN, WEI-CHENG, and 陳韋成. "High temperature PEM fuel cells and its PBI membrane doped with phosphoric acid and antimony chloride." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24216054053970045614.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
101
In recent years, the high-temperature proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells have been developed to operate at 160 – 200?aC, such that its carbon monoxide tolerance can be improved and the fuel flexibility can be enhanced. Most of research efforts are focused on the membrane of phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) and its variants. For those PEM fuel cells based on phosphoric acid doped PBI, the operation temperature is usually set at 160?aC. Adoption of a hybrid organic- inorganic PBI membrane could further raise the operation temperature and enhance the fuel flexibility. In this study, we infiltrate the PBI membrane with antimony chloride and phosphoric acid sequentially and obtain the hybrid organic-inorganic PBI membrane, which exhibits stable ion conductivity in the temperature range of 180-260?aC, with the maximum ion conductivity of 8.08?e10-2 S cm-1 at 180?aC. In contrast, the phosphoric acid doped PBI membrane displays its maximum conductivity of 1.2×10-2 S cm-1 at 160?aC. The PEM fuel cell based on a hybrid PBI membrane outperforms the PEM fuel cell of phosphoric acid doped PBI membrane in power and stability. The peak power value of the former measures 512 mW/cm2, higher than that of the latter 388 mW/cm2. These peak power values are obtained after the activation process, which is executed in constant current mode at 0.2 mA cm-2 for 12 h. Activation process reduces the membrane resistance through generating water in the system. We further verify the carbon monoxide tolerance of the PEM fuel cell of hybrid PBI membrane in an alternating-fuel schedule, in which the pure hydrogen and the hydrogen containing 3% CO alternatively feed in the anode side for 1 h. The voltage at 0.1 mA cm-2 and 180?aC displays a significant drop in the first feed containing CO, but recover to its original value after the second feed containing CO.
43
OU，CHUAN-LING and 歐荃苓. "Ch’an Master Pai-yun’s “Calm-Insight-Meditation”: A Study on Its Application to Physical-Mental-Healing." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cv7hgy.
Повний текст джерела
44
Costa, Andreia Sofia Araújo da. "A aplicação do IVA nas PME : da realidade em vigor e propostas de alteração até à recém adotada Diretiva 2020/285, de 18 fevereiro 2020." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/30908.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O regime especial previsto para empresas de pequena e média dimensão no sistema comum do imposto sobre o valor acrescentado comunitário tem como objetivo principal facilitar a respetiva aplicação, bem como, reduzir os seus custos administrativos e de conformidade. Este regime vem a ser trabalhado desde a sua criação devido à crescente importância reconhecida às PME na economia europeia. Porém, a forma como estava configurado o regime revelou-se ineficaz para alcançar os objetivos para os quais foi concebido, já que as obrigações acabavam, ainda assim, por se revelarem particularmente onerosas, levando esses operadores económicos a suportar custos proporcionalmente mais elevados do que as grandes empresas, gerando potenciais efeitos de distorção da concorrência, tanto a nível nacional como intracomunitário. É neste contexto que surge a proposta de Diretiva do Conselho que altera a Diretiva 2006/112/CE no que respeita ao regime especial das pequenas empresas, COM (2018) 21 final - SWD (2018) 11 final e, subsequentemente, a Diretiva (UE) 2020/285 do Conselho de 18 de fevereiro de 2020.
A nossa dissertação procura analisar como surgiram, se desenvolveram e evoluíram os regimes especiais concebidos e postos em aplicação, as suas fragilidades, a importância das alterações que foram sendo propostas e adotadas para os melhorar. Concluímos que a alteração do regime se afigurava imperativa, fruto da falta de harmonização neste contexto existente entre os vários Estados-membros e da esperada passagem para um regime definitivo de tributação no comércio intracomunitário. Terminamos com uma reflexão crítica e conclusões.Small and medium enterprises (SME) special scheme related with value added tax community common system was created to further this tax application, as well as reduce SME administrative and compliance burden. Since its creation, the scheme has been successively updated, due to the larger significance that small enterprises got in the EU economy over the years. Nonetheless, this special scheme doesn’t seem effective enough to achieve the goals it was designed for. On one hand, small enterprises have proportionately higher VAT obligations compared to larger companies; on the other hand, national and intracommunity distortion of competition impair small enterprises. In this context, arose an amending proposal on the “Directive 2006/112/EC”, regarding small enterprises special scheme, “COM (2018) 21 final – SWD (2018) 11 final”, subsequently the 2020/285 Council Directive which was approved on the 18th February 2020. The main purpose of our dissertation is to analyze how did this special scheme emerged, developed and evolved, its weaknesses, as well as the importance of the proposed and approved changes over the years. We concluded that this special scheme alteration was imperative, not only due to the lack of harmonization between the various Member States, but also as a result of the possible shift to taxation at the destiny system. We end with a critical reflection and conclusions.
45
Guo, Chaoshe. "Generation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein 28 (ERp28) Knock Out Mice, and Structural and Functional Analysis of its Drosophila Homologue, Wind." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AD7A-9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Meine Arbeit umfasst zwei Teile: (1) die Erstellung von knock-out Mäusen für Erp28, ein Gen, welches für ein Chaperone des Endoplasmatischen Reticulums kodiert, (2) die strukturelle und funktionelle Analyse von Wind, das ERp28-Homolog von Drosophila. Um eine ERp28 Knock-out Maus zu erstellen, musste zuerst die Genstruktur (Exonverteilung) von ERp28 etabliert werden. Danach wurde eine genomische Bibliothek von Mäusen mit 32P-markierten cDNA-Fragmenten gescreent, und zwei positive Klone, die den Genlokus von ERp28 enthalten, isoliert. Eine Restriktions karte vom Genlokus wurde erstellt. Das Gen für ERp28 hat eine einfache Struktur mit nur drei Exons. Das erste Exon enthält das Start codon ATG und das dritte das Stopcodon TGA. Fast die gesamte D-Domäne, die einzigartig für die Unterfamilie von PDI-D Proteinen ist, wird vom dritten Exon kodiert. Bei der RT-PCR für die Klonierung der cDNA von ERp78, habe ich möglicherweise eine alternative splice form von ERp28 entdeckt, in welcher das zweite Exon ausgeschnitten ist. Diese cDNA konnte auch bei Mensch und Ratte gefunden werden, nicht aber bei Drosophila, was auf eine limitierte Verbreitung bei verschiedenen Species hindeutet. Weitere Studien müssen aber gemacht werden, um die Existenz dieser alternativen splice Form zu bestätigen und zu charakterisieren. Auf der Basis der Genstruktur und des Restriktionsverdaus des ERp28- Locus, wurde ein knock-out (KO) Vektor erstellt und in ES-Zellen transfiziert. Drei positive Rekombinanten wurden durch Selektion mit Antibiotika und PCR-Screening erhalten. Chimere Mäuse wurden nach Microinjektion von zwei dieser 3 Klone in Mausblastocysten generiert. Heterozygote Mäuse wurden dann durch Paarung von männliche Chimeren und weiblichen C57BL6N Wildtypmäusen erstellt.Homozygoten wurden dann durch erneute Kreuzung von Heterozygoten erstellt. Durch Genotypiserung in PCR-Analysen und/oder Southern Blot wurden Chimeren, Heterozygoten und Homozygoten charakterisiert. Zur Zeit habe ich auch keinen auffälligen Phenotyp von -/- Homozygoten entdeckt. Deswegen werden, um die Funktion von ERp28 zu klären, detailierte Analysen gemacht. Immunologische Studien zeigen, dass obwohl ERp28 in verschieden Geweben und Organen exprimiert wird, es in E12 embryos in einigen spezifischen Geweben und Zellen relativ stärkes exprimiert wird, zum Beispiel in Glialzellen im Gehirn, im plexüs choreoideüs der weiterer Ventrikel und im Heren. Diese Beobachtungen stellen wichtige Informationen für eine genaüere phänotypische Analyse dar.Im 2. Teil meiner Arbeit sollte das PDI-Dß-Protein Wind kristallisiert werden. Da eine Kristallisation von Erp28 bisher nicht möglich war, konzentrierte ich mich auf sein Homolog Wind. Wind spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der Dorsoventral-Entwicklung in Drosophila Embryonen. Kürzlich wurde gezeigt, dass es für die richtige Lokalisation von Pipe, einem Schlüsselfaktor in der Dorsoventral-Entwicklung, essentiell ist. Die Kristallisation dieses Proteins wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit der Abteilung für Strukturchemie der Universität Göttingen ( Prof. Dr. Sheldrick) durchgeführt. Das Wind-Protein konnte bei einer Auflösung von 1,9 Ả kristallisiert werden. Wie sich zeigte, liegt es als Homodimer vor. Jedes Monomer besteht aus 2 unterschiedlichen Domänen: einer N-terminalen Domäne mit Ähnlichkeit zu Thioredoxin und einer C-terminal gelegenen D-Domäne. Das Dimer wird allein durch die Beteiligung der Thioredoxin-ähnlichen Domäne gebildet. In der N-terminalen Domäne liegt ein charakteristisches Strukturelement vor bestehend aus ßaßaßaßßa, welches dem Thioredoxinfold zugeordnet wird. Die D-Domäne hingegen besteht nur aus 5 a-Helices. Durch die Homodimerisierung entsteht ein tiefer, negativ geladener Dimerspalt, in welchem kleiner Peptide gebunden werden könnten. Auf der Oberfläche von Wind gibt es konservierte Aminosäuren. Ergebnisse aus Strukturanalyse, biochemischen Experimenten sowie Mutagenesestudien lassen auf eine mögliche Substrat-Bindestelle um Y55 in der Thioredoxin-Domäne herum schliessen, (Ma et al., 2003).Durch Insulin Reduktionsexperimente und Mutagenese konnten wir zeigen, dass das vorhandene CTGC-Motiv in der N-terminalen Domäne von Wind redox-inaktiv und nicht für den Transport von Pipe vom ER zum Golgi erforderlich ist. Daraus kann man folgern, dass es sich bei Wind um ein redox-unabhängiges Chaperon/ Escortprotein handelt. Weiterhin konnten wir zeigen, dass obwohl die b- und die D-Domäne für die Funktion von Wind wichtig sind die D-Domäne von Wind durch die seines Maus-Homologs Erp28 ersetzt werden konnte, ohne den Transport von Pipe zu beeinflussen. Dieses lässt auf eine ähnliche oder sogar gleiche Funktion der D-Domäne schliessen.Die Ergebnisse aus den Wind-Studien gaben wichtige Informationen zur Funktion von Erp28. Weiterhin sei betont, dass es sich bei der Kristallisierung von Wind um die erste Kristallstruktur eines PDI-verwandten Proteins im ER handelt. Die Struktur und die mögliche Substrat-Bindestelle, die in dieser Arbeit aufgeklärt wurden, können wichtige Hinweise geben für die Funktionen anderer PDI-Proteine.
46
Lin, Chia Ching, and 林佳靖. "The Construction and Its Development of Concepts of Neo-Confucianism: A Study of Ch''en Ch''un’s Pei-hsi tzu-i." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84256585883709002587.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士臺灣大學
中國文學研究所
95
Chu Hsi was the important Neo-Congfucianism Master of the Southern Song Dynasty. As one of the students of old age Chu Hsi, Ch’en Ch’un only saw Chu Hsi personally twice in his life, but he finally had inherited in a direct line from his teacher. Among Chu Hsi’s disciples, Ch’en Ch’un wrote his dictionary or glossary in order to give a clear explanation of the disputed points about the terminology of Chu Hsi’s philosophy. On account of Chu Hsi’s influence, His school prevailed in Sounthern Song Dynasty. Ch’en Ch’un, Chu Hsi’s successors played an important role in it. He not only developed his teacher’s thoughts, but also safeguarded it. He gave lectures and defended against such philosophers as Lu Chiu-yuan disciples, so he promoted Chu Hsi’s educational thoughts such as “Seek the original reason推究道理根原”, “My studies lie low, and my penetration rises high下學上達”, “Pursuing scholarship of Neo-Confucianism道問學”. Ch’en Ch’un has brought forth quite a few innovations in concepts of Chu Hsi’s philosophy. From his series of theses “Principle and material force flock together, and hard to say which precedes”, “Hsing性is the principle of hsin心; Ch’ing情is the function of the hsin心; Hsin心is the director of ch’ing情and hsing性“, “Yin陰and yang陽are just the fluctuations of ch’i氣; one advance, one contraction, one dispersion, and one extension.” This paper expounds the explaining and amplying to Chu Hsi’s thought and the chief characteristics of Neo-Confucian of Ch’en Ch’un’s. Moreover, it brings to light his great contributions to terminology in the field of. Chu Hsi’s philosophy. Confucian education had undergone high development period in Song and Yuan Dynasties. Chu Hsi school education was the most representative and developed than any other schools. Chu Hsi’s disciples transmited their teacher’s hsing-li-hsueh through primary education. A typical teaching material was Ch’en Ch’un’s Pei-hsi tzu-i. His work gained profound attention at that time and was commonly called “Hsing-li Beginners guide”. To diferrent degree, both private and official educationion Ming and Ching Dynasties was impacted by Ch''en Ch''un''s work. Since Chu Hsi school’s Neo-Confucian became the imperial examination, more and more examinations books of hsing-li were published. Obviously, Ch''en Ch''un''s Pei-hsi tzu-i pioneer discussed model and writing style for hsing-li-hsueh性理學.
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Ferreira, Ana Luísa Paiva Gomes. "A Tributação das PME: Em especial o Regime Simplificado de Determinação da Matéria Coletável em sede de IRC e o IVA de Caixa." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/97555.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de DireitoAs Micro, Pequenas e Médias Empresas (doravante, PME), pela relevância económica, política e social que têm no contexto global, assumem capital importância no direito fiscal do nosso tempo. No entanto, estas entidades são amiúde confrontadas com um denso conjunto de obrigações fiscais e contabilísticas e bem assim com lacunas estruturais que não só comprometem o seu desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade, como também colocam em causa a sua sobrevivência num mercado cada vez mais competitivo. O Estado não tem sido indiferente à importância que as PME assumem no tecido empresarial português, pelo contrário, tem lançado mão de um conjunto de políticas – nomeadamente, fiscais – que visam auxiliar, beneficiar e fomentar aquela que representa a maior fatia do tecido empresarial português. Sendo vasto o leque de instrumentos de incentivo e apoio às PME a fim de concretizar o desiderato constante do artigo 86.º CRP, a aposta, no âmbito jurídico-fiscal, tem recaído sobretudo em regimes – impropriamente designados de – simplificados e na consagração de um extenso rol de benefícios fiscais. Sem embargo, e apesar do que acabámos de afirmar, as PME – principalmente, as micro e pequenas empresas – continuam a revelar índices de competitividade e desenvolvimento muito abaixo do esperado. Situação que, a nosso ver, encontra também justificação nas diversas patologias de que padecem as políticas fiscais adotadas. Desde logo, sustentamos que o próprio conceito de PME atualmente em vigor carece de aperfeiçoamento por não revelar preocupação com as especificidades próprias do setor de atividade em que opera cada entidade. Outrossim, o legislador parece ignorar a heterogeneidade das entidades empresariais que compõem o conceito de PME, em determinados regimes jurídico-fiscais em vigor. Por outro lado, os próprios “regimes fiscais especiais” que visam as PME encontram-se marcados por uma assinalável complexidade interpretativa e aplicativa, à semelhança do próprio conceito de PME, são alheios ao setor de atividade em que a empresa opera – tudo isto compromete a efetividade das vantagens aclamadas pelos ditos “regimes fiscais especiais”. Ao longo desta investigação, procuraremos analisar crítico-reflexivamente dois dos “regimes especiais” que visam as PME, mais concretamente a específica categoria empresarial das microempresas: o regime simplificado de determinação da matéria coletável (em sede de IRC) e o regime do IVA de Caixa. Debruçar-nos-emos sobre as condições de enquadramento e o próprio modus operandi do(s) regime(s) a fim de averiguar quais, a existirem, as efetivas vantagens que os potenciais aderentes podem aspirar extrair de uma eventual adesão. Mais à frente, procuraremos aferir se o extenso rol de vantagens – rectius, benefícios fiscais – de que são destinatárias as PME, em sede fiscal, as favorecem ou se, e pelo contrário, somente as compensam pela importância que assumem no mapa económico e pelo conjunto de tarefas e papéis que desempenham.Em seguida, teceremos breves considerações acerca da tão necessária simplificação fiscal – instrumento que, a nosso ver, descomplica e, efetivamente, a vida às entidades empresariais. Por fim, dedicaremos breves linhas à tendência refletida nas medidas que têm vindo a ser apresentadas pelo Governo a fim de fazer frente à crise económica provocada pelas medidas de controlo da crise pandémica que assola o mundo desde o transato ano de 2020.
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (from now on, SMEs), due to their economic, political and social relevance in the global context, assume a capital importance in nowadays Tax Law. However, these entities are often faced with a dense set of tax and accounting obligations, as well as structural gaps that not only compromise their development and sustainability, but also jeopardize their survival in an increasingly competitive market.The State has not been indifferent to the importance that SMEs assume in the Portuguese business fabric; on the contrary, it has resorted to a set of – namely, tax – policies that aim to assist, benefit and promote the group of enterprises which represents the largest slice of the Portuguese business fabric.As the range of instruments to incentive and support SMEs is vast – essentially, to fulfil the desideratum contained in article 86 of the Portuguese Constitution –, the bet, in the legal-fiscal scope, has fallen mainly on – improperly designated as – simplified schemes and on the consecration of an extensive list of tax benefits.However, and despite what we have just said, SMEs – mainly micro and small companies – continue to show competitiveness and development indices far below expectations. This situation, in our opinion, is also justified by the various pathologies from which the adopted fiscal policies suffer.In the one hand, we defend that the very concept of SME currently in force needs to be improved as it does not consider the specificities of the sector of activity in which each entity operates. Furthermore, the legislator seems to ignore the heterogeneity of the entities that constitute the concept of SMEs, in certain legal and tax regimes in force.On the other hand, “special tax regimes” aimed at SMEs are imbued with a remarkable interpretative and applicative complexity, similarly to the very concept of SMEs, and fail to take into account the sector of activity in which the company operates - what compromises the effectiveness of the advantages acclaimed by the so-called “special tax regimes”.Throughout this investigation, we will seek to critically analyse two of the "special regimes" aimed at SMEs, specifically micro-enterprises: the simplified regime for determining the taxable income (in terms of IRC) and the accounting of VAT on a cash basis. We will focus on the framework conditions and the modus operandi of this/these regime(s) in order to find out what are the effective advantages that potential beneficiaries can aspire to extract from an eventual adhesion.Further on, we will seek to assess whether the extensive list of advantages - rectius, tax benefits - to which SMEs are entitled, in tax matters, favour them or if, on the contrary, they only compensate them for the importance they assume in the economic map and for the set of tasks and roles they play.Then, we will make brief remarks on the much-needed tax simplification – an instrument that, in our opinion, makes life easier for businesses.Finally, we will devote brief lines to the trend reflected in the measures that have been presented by the Government in order to face the economic crisis caused by the measures to control the pandemic crisis that has plagued the world since the last year of 2020.
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Shih, Hsin-Der, and 石信德. "Control of Crop Diseases with Streptomyces padanus PMS-702 and Identification of Fungichromin as Its Major Antifungal Metabolite Related to Suppress Plant Pathogens." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16284521265539229273.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
博士國立中興大學
植物病理學系
91
More than 200 strains of Actinomycetes were isolated from farmland soils and agriculture wastes in Taiwan. Among those, 98% of the strains were identified as Streptomyces spp. The other 2 % strains belonged to the genus Actinomadura, Herbidospora, Microbispora, and Streptosporangium. Thirty isolates of plant fungal pathogens and nine strains of plant bacterial pathogens were used to bioassay the antagonistic ability of Streptomyces sp. PMS-702 on potato dextrose agar plates. Acremonium diospyri, A. lactucum, Alternaria brassicicola, Athelia rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii), Botrytis cinerea, B. elliptica, Colletotrichum dematium, C. higginsianum, C. gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans, F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucum, F. oxysporum f. sp. lilii, F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum, F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani, F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum, F. solani, Mycosphaerella pinodes, Phellinus noxius, Penicillium digitatum, Pestalotiopsis eriobotryfolia, Phytophthora capsici, Ph. citrophthora, Ph. infestans, Ph. palmivora, Ph. parasitica, Pythium aphanidermatum, P. myriotylum, and Rhizoctonia solani AG-4. were inhibited by PMS-702 with varying degrees. However, the PMS-702 was not able to inhibit Scleroium rolfsii and nine plant bacterial pathogens. The results of spore morphology, cell wall chemotype, cultural and physiological characterization and the molecular characteristics suggested that the strain PMS-702 is identified as Streptomyces padanus Baldacci, et al. Six media, Glucose-Molasses medium (GMM), Glucose-Soybean meal-Glycerol Broth (GSG), Modified Chitin Broth (MCB), Soybean meal-Fish meal-Chitin Broth (SFC), Soybean meal-Glucose Broth (SMG) and Tryptone-Yeast extract-Glucose Broth (TYG), were evaluated for culturing Streptomyces padanus PMS-702 in shaking flasks. Higher biomasses of S. padanus PMS-702 mycelia were harvested from GSG, GMM, and SMG. Among them, the SMG broth was much more suitable for growth of S. padanus PMS-702. The culture filtrate of PMS-702 grown in SMG for 7 days was able to completely inhibit spore germination of indicator fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. In the scale-up production, S. padanus PMS-702 was grown in a 5L fermentor containing 3 L of SMG for 4 days. Then whole plants, fruits or detached leaves were used to bioassay its suppressive ability. The culture broth of S. padanus PMS-702 was effective in controlling lettuce brown spot caused by Acremonium lactucum, mango anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Chinese cabbage anthracnose caused by C. higginsianum, peach fruit rot caused by Phytophthora citrophthora, orange green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum, cabbage downy mildew caused by Peronospora brassicae. These results suggested that S. padanus PMS-702 is a potential agent for developing a bioprotectant for controlling plant fungal diseases. Streptomyces padanus strain PMS-702 was an antagonist of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4, the causal agent of damping-off of cabbage. Treatment of cabbage seeds with the culture filtrate of S. padanus strain PMS-702 was effective in reducing incidence of damping-off of cabbage. The major active ingredient from the culture filtrate of S. padanus strain PMS-702 was purified by silica gel column chromatography and identified as the polyene macrolide, fungichromin, by one dimentional (1H NMR, 13C NMR) and two dimentional (HMQC, HMBC) nuclear magnetic resonance and Mass (FAB-MS) spectral data. Bioassay studies showed that fungichromin had a strong antifungal activity against R. solani AG-4, and its minimum inhibitory concentration (over 90% inhibition) was found to be 72 g/ml. This is the first report of fungichromin from S. padanus as an active ingredient for the control of Rhizoctonia damping-off of cabbage. Streptomyces padanus strain PMS-702 was a potential biocontrol agent of tomato late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans. Laboratory and field tests indicated that Streptomyces PMS-702 formulation was effective in reducing tomato late blight. Four compounds, sterol glycoside, daidzein, fungichromin and unknown compound 4 were obtained from culture filtrate of S. padanus PMS-702. Among them , fungichromin was completely effective in reducing sporangial sporulation and zoospores released from zoosporangia. The advanced experiments proved that broth culture filtrate and fungichromin were significantly effective in inhibiting sporangial sporulation, sporangial germination, zoospores released from zoosporangia and cytospore germination of Ph. infestans, respectively. These effects were negatively related with the dilution rate of culture filtrate and fungichromin. The phenomena under observations of light microscope and scanning electron microscope indicated that fungichromin was able to incite substantial plasma agglutination, cell malformation and cell collapse of the treated sporangia and zoospores of Ph. infestans. It did also cause zoospore membrane rupture and plasma leakage. The minimum inhibitory concentration of fungichromin against zoospore release (over 90% inhibition) was at 5 ppm. These results suggested that fungichromin played an important role in the mode of action of PMS-702 formulation for controlling tomato late blight.
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Nikolov, Nikolay. "Corporate Network : Security Aspects." Thesis, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-8924.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Every corporation using IT technologies needs a good and carefully secured network design. The IT security is a key factor of a normal functional of the whole corporation and all its sections. There different methods and concepts for providing different level of IT security. Some of them are very important and should be implemented in every corporate network. There are a lot of services providing inside and outside the corporation network. Increasing the number of services like web services, mail services, file services and other, the number of eventual security issues is rising. The security methods of each of provided services are different and it is required a professional with deep knowledge about this service functionality if it is needed to be good applied. Operation system and application hardering are methods which are not so hard for applying, like configuring proxy server or firewalls, but they could increase the security drastic. In a combination with simple configured security devices, the results could be very impressive. Choosing the right methodology and framework of designing a secured network is important part of entire process. With the right methodology designing could be easier and more effective.
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Lin, Yu-Ting, and 林鈺婷. "Inhibition effect of fruit gum produced by Wentan and Pai-pomelo on growth of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and analysis of its antibacterial components." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39148550796510120474.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
植物醫學系所
99
Citrus bacterial canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac) could cause damage to leaves, branches and fruits of citrus. It was the severest and destructive bacterial disease on the international citrus cultivation. Citrus was a very important commercial fruit trees in Taiwan, Wentan-pomelo and Pai-pomelo were tolerant varieties to citrus bacterial canker. But previous study indicated that Wentan-pomelo and Pai-pomelo leaves were infected by citrus bacterial canker after typhoon invasion. The Asiatic canker pathogen were isolated from infected tissues of different citrus cultivars, and identified by PCR. During the investigation, it was found that the fruits of Wentan-pomelo and Pai-pomelo were scarcely infected by citrus bacterial canker, and in the meantime the gum was found around the wound that caused by injury or puncture treatment on fruits. The inhibition effects of the fruit gum solution of Wentan-pomelo and Pai-pomelo to X. citri subsp. citri, X. campestris pv. campestris, X. axonopzodis pv. vesicatoria and X. oryzae pv. oryzae were observed in the concentration 20,000 ppm. In order to confirm the relationship between the fruit gum and fruit resistance to citrus bacterial canker, the fruit gum collected from different age fruits of Wentan-pomelo and Pai-pomelo from Taitung and Tainan in March to August 2008, were tested and shared the inhibition effect to citrus bacterial canker pathogen (Xac) with the concentration of 20,000 ppm obviously. All the healthy, Xac-infected and symptomless fruits collected from diseased Wentan-pomelo plant could produce the gum around wound after puncture treatment, and also showed the inhibition effect to citrus bacterial canker pathogen (Xac) with 22.9%, 52.1% and 14.6% respectively. The previous result showing the fruit infection by citrus bacterial canker was not due to the loss of fruit gum producing ability or the resistance to fruit gum by citrus bacterial canker pathogen (Xac). The fruit gum was inactive after treatment with proteinase K, indicated that the antimicrobial component might be a protein. Water was the best extraction solvent for fruit gum, and the inhibition activity to Xac was still best worked under pH2 – pH11. One cation (CF1) and three anion (AF1, AF2 and AF3) fractions were isolated by DEAE sepharose ion exchange chromatography from the fruit gum of Wentan-pomelo, and the CF1 fraction sample showed the best inhibition effect with 12.5±2.07 mm inhibition range at concentration of 1 g/ml. Two fraction, CF1-1 and CF1-2, were isolated from CF1 fraction by SepharoseTM CL-6B gel filtration chromatography, and showed the inhibition range of 9.67±0.82 and 10.00±0.63 mm respectively. Though it was not significantly different in Tukey test; but the colonies were not completely inhibited by CF1-2 on soft agar plates. One component with 30 kDa in molecular weight was detected in CF1-1 by SDS-PAGE analysis, and the component could be a protein and was possibly the major active antimicrobial component of fruit gum. The protein GL22_ORYSJ (Accession NO. Q6K5P9) matched with the fruit gum antimicrobial protein that showed 7% identity of amino acid sequence and an amino acids sequence with 16 aa was confirmed by mass spectrometer analysis and protein database comparison. In conclusion the antimicrobial protein of fruit gum was possibly related to or could be a member of germin-like protein.