Статті в журналах: "Plutellidae Control"

1

Huang, Xuan, Xiaoyu Quan, Xia Wang, Yueli Yun, and Yu Peng. "Is the spider a good biological control agent for Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)?" Zoologia 35 (August 10, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e23481.

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Spiders, as predators of insects and other invertebrates, are an important part of the natural enemies, and they are recognized as an important biological control agent. Plutellaxylostella (Linnaeus, 1758), the diamondback moth (DBM), is a well-known and destructive insect pest of brassicaceous crops worldwide. Here, we analyzed the functional responses of four spiders (Araneae) – Ebrechtellatricuspidata (Fabricius, 1775) (Thomisidae), Pardosalaura (Karsch, 1879) (Lycosidae), Pardosaastrigera (Koch, 1878) (Lycosidae), and Pardosapseudoannulata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Lycosidae) – on P.xylostella larvae. We also analyzed intraspecific disturbances in the predation reaction and the intensity of scrambling competition of the spiders to P.xylostella larvae. Our results demonstrated that the functional responses of four spiders of different genera were in line with the Holling II model. Two Lycosidae spiders (P.astrigera and P.pseudoannulata) had the potential to control P.xylostella, and female and male spiders that belonged to the same species had different functional responses to P.xylostella. The functional responses of female predation of P.astrigena, P.laura, and P.pseudoannulata was stronger than the males, but male E.tricuspidatus had stronger functional responses to predation than females. We used the Hassell model to describe the intraspecific disturbance experiments of four spiders. There were intraspecific disturbances in the predation reactions of spiders, indicating that the predation ratio of spiders decreased in relation to the increase of its density, and with the increase of spider density, the intensity of scrambling competition of the spider increased.

2

Karimzadeh, Javad, and Mohammad Hassan Besharatnejad. "Ecological control of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae) using trap cropping and Bt applications." Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 52, no. 19-20 (December 14, 2019): 1326–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2019.1707930.

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3

Andreeva*, I. V., E. I. Shatalova, and A. V. Khodakova. "The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella: ecological and biological aspects, harmfulness, population control." PLANT PROTECTION NEWS 104, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-1-14947.

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Data on prevalence, biological and physiological characteristics of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) are presented. Pest damage is described. Reasons causing increase in harmfulness and economic importance of the insect are noted. An increase in the number of generations able to develop during growing season and earlier pest emergence are recorded under conditions of Siberian region. Factors contributing to the insect density dynamics, including plant species and variety, entomophagous arthropods and entomopathogenic microorganisms, have been considered. Range of chemical insecticides recommended for diamondback moth management in Russian Federation has been indicated. An increase in resistance to chemicals and certain entomopathogens in P. xylostella populations in different regions of the world has been recorded. Possibility of pheromone traps exploitation for efficient pest detection and monitoring has been established. Perspectives of novel efficient and safe means of pest density regulation have been defined.

4

Silva-Torres, Christian S. A., Jorge B. Torres, and Reginaldo Barros. "Can cruciferous agroecosystems grown under variable conditions influence biological control ofPlutella xylostella(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)?" Biocontrol Science and Technology 21, no. 6 (June 2011): 625–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2011.568112.

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5

Vandenberg, J. D., A. M. Shelton, W. T. Wilsey, and M. Ramos. "Assessment of Beauveria bassiana Sprays for Control of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on Crucifers." Journal of Economic Entomology 91, no. 3 (June 1, 1998): 624–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/91.3.624.

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6

Santos, Tárcio S., Camila de Souza Varize, Elena Sanchez-Lopez, Sona A. Jain, Eliana B. Souto, Patrícia Severino, and Marcelo da Costa Mendonça. "Entomopathogenic Fungi-Mediated AgNPs: Synthesis and Insecticidal Effect against Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)." Materials 15, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 7596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217596.

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The insect Plutella xylostella is known worldwide to cause severe damage to brassica plantations because of its resistance against several groups of chemicals and pesticides. Efforts have been conducted to overcome the barrier of P. xylostella genetic resistance. Because of their easy production and effective insecticidal activity against different insect orders, silver nanoparticles are proposed as an alternative for agricultural pest control. The use of entomopathogenic fungi for nanoparticle production may offer additional advantages since fungal biomolecules may synergistically improve the nanoparticle’s effectiveness. The present study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles using aqueous extracts of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea isolates and to evaluate their insecticidal activity against P. xylostella, as innovative nano-ecofriendly pest control. The produced silver nanoparticles were evaluated by measuring the UV–vis spectrum and the mean particle size by dynamic light scattering (DLS). I. fumosorosea aqueous extract with 3-mM silver nitrate solution showed the most promising results (86-nm mean diameter and 0.37 of polydispersity). Scanning electron microscopy showed spherical nanoparticles and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy revealed the presence of amine and amide groups, possibly responsible for nanoparticles’ reduction and stabilization. The CL50 value of 0.691 mg mL−1 was determined at 72-h for the second-instar larvae of the P. xylostella, promoting a 78% of cumulative mortality rate after the entire larval stage. From our results, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated by entomopathogenic fungi was successful in obtaining an efficient product for insect pest control. The I. fumosorosea was the most suitable isolate for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles contributing to the development of a green nanoproduct and the potential control of P. xylostella.

7

Mahmoudvand, Mohammad, Saeid Moharramipour, and Mehrdad Iranshahi. "Effects of Pyriproxyfen on Life Table Indices ofPlutella xylostellain Multigenerations." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/453701.

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The diamondback moth (DBM),Plutella xylostella(L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a major pest of Brassicaceae family in Iran. This study investigated the sublethal effects of pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analogue, on DBM, for two subsequent generations. The leaf dip bioassay method was adopted in conducting this experiment. Sublethal concentrations resulted in a significant decrease in fecundity, oviposition period, and pupal weight of parents and offspring generations. Also, the development time of DBM was prolonged after exposure to pyriproxyfen. The biological parameters such as net reproductive rate (R0) and intrinsic (rm) and finite (λ) rate of increase were lower than control in treatment groups, significantly. From our investigations, pyriproxyfen is a good choice for control of the diamondback moth population through continuous generations.

8

Agboyi, L. K., G. K. Ketoh, T. Martin, I. A. Glitho, and M. Tamò. "Pesticide resistance in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) populations from Togo and Benin." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 36, no. 04 (August 17, 2016): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758416000138.

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AbstractThe diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella(L.) is the major insect pest of cabbage crops in Togo and Benin. For control, farmers very often resort to spraying chemical insecticides at high dosages with frequent applications. Bioassays were carried out on three populations ofP. xylostella, two from Togo (Kara and Dapaong) and one from Benin (Cotonou), to assess their level of susceptibility to currently used insecticides. A reference strain ofP. xylostellafrom Matuu in Kenya was used as a control. In the laboratory, three insecticide representatives of different chemical families (deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl and spinosad) were assayed against third instar larvae ofP. xylostella. Results revealed thatP. xylostellapopulations from Dapaong, Kara and Cotonou were more resistant to deltamethrin (13 to 59-fold at LC50level, 149 to 1772-fold at LC90level) and chlorpyrifos ethyl (5 to 15-fold at LC50level, 9 to 885-fold at LC90level) than the reference strain. Spinosad was more toxic toP. xylostellapopulations than the other insecticides with LC50and LC90values less than 1 µg/ml and 15 µg/ml, respectively. However, the population from Cotonou appeared significantly more resistant to spinosad compared to the reference strain. These results are discussed in the light of developing an integrated pest management strategy for reducing the selection pressure of spinosad.

9

ERTÜRK, Ömer. "Insecticidal effects of selected biological control agents on the larvae of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)." Entomological Research 37, no. 2 (June 2007): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5967.2007.00056.x.

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10

Ferreira, Eliana Aparecida, Silvana Aparecida de Souza, Alberto Domingues, Matheus Moreno Mareco Da Silva, Isabella Maria Pompeu Monteiro Padial, Emerson Machado de Carvalho, Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso, Sandra Verza da Silva, and Rosilda Mara Mussury. "Phytochemical Screening and Bioactivity of Ludwigia spp. in the Control of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)." Insects 11, no. 9 (September 3, 2020): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090596.

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We tested the bioactivity of aqueous extracts of Ludwigia spp. (Myrtales: Onagraceae) on the biological cycle of Plutella xylostella. We assessed the duration of and viability during the larval, pupal and adult phases, as well as the influence of the extracts on the fecundity and hatching of P. xylostella eggs. Subsequently, we phytochemically screened the extracts. The extracts of L. tomentosa and L. longifolia reduced the pupal weight instead of prolonging the larval stage of P. xylostella. The L. tomentosa effect caused higher larval mortality and reduced the fecundity and hatching of P. xylostella eggs, and L. sericea reduced the egg survival. The phenolic compounds—flavonoids, condensed tannins and alkaloids—were more abundant in L. nervosa, L. tomentosa, L. sericea and L. longifolia. The L. tomentosa, L. longifolia and L. sericea extracts were bioactive, and these species showed the best results regarding their ability to control P. xylostella populations, because these plants produce substances able to inhibit food consumption and interfere with the morphological and physiological transformations of the offspring and the oviposition of adults.

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Long, Khuat Dang, and Dang Thi Dzung. "Synopsis of Cotesia species, biological agents for pest control on vegetables in Vietnam, with description of one new species." Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 157, no. 2-3 (2014): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002042.

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The biology of four allied species of the genus Cotesia Cameron is reviewed. All these species were reared from larvae of pest insects mainly belonging to the families Lymantriidae, Noctuidae, Pieridae and Plutellidae. They are larval endoparasitoids and considered as important agents for biological control of pest insects infesting different vegetable crops in Vietnam, such as cabbage, kohlrabi, small colza, cauliflower, peanut, soybeans, and various other legumes. Of those four species, Cotesia clethrogynae Long sp. n., is described as new and illustrated; the biology and distribution of the other three allied species are given, they are illustrated and compared, and a key to four species is provided. This paper resulted from the identification of a new species of Cotesia reared from limantrid larvae of Clethrogynae turbata Butler and the necessity to compare related species. The host is an important pest infestant on soybean, different beans, peas and peanut in Vietnam.

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Rocha, Aline do Nascimento, Silvana Aparecida de Souza, Claudemir Antonio Garcia Fioratti, Juliana Rosa Carrijo Mauad, Munir Mauad, and Rosilda Mara Mussury. "Tradescantia pallida (Commelinaceae) Promotes Reductions in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Populations." Agronomy 12, no. 11 (October 27, 2022): 2646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112646.

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The feeding activity of Plutella xylostella in brassica crops can lead to large losses; thus, pesticides that prevent feeding during the larval stage or prevent the metamorphosis of this insect can be used for its control. In this study, the effects of two types of aqueous extracts of Tradescantia pallida on the different life stage of P. xylostella cycle were tested; neither of the two aqueous extracts, which were obtained by infusion and maceration, had been tested against P. xylostella. The biological variables evaluated were larval and pupal duration and viability, pupal weight, sex ratio, longevity of females, fecundity, fertility and oviposition period. There was no significant difference in the duration of the larval phase of P. xylostella between the bioassay treatments; however, larval viability was lower when the individuals were exposed to both types of T. pallida extracts. Reduced pupal viability was observed among the individuals treated with the application of the extracts. Treatment with the aqueous extract obtained by infusion caused the lowest pupal weight, fecundity, and fertility and longevity among females. The results obtained in this study allow us to propose the bioextract as an alternative for pest management, emphasizing the technique for small producers and/or organic.

13

Ferreira, Eliana Aparecida, Eduardo Carvalho Faca, Silvana Aparecida de Souza, Claudemir Antonio Garcia Fioratti, Juliana Rosa Carrijo Mauad, Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso, Munir Mauad, and Rosilda Mara Mussury. "Antifeeding and Oviposition Deterrent Effect of Ludwigia spp. (Onagraceae) against Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)." Plants 11, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 2656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11192656.

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Plants produce a wide variety of bioactive compounds with insecticidal properties, such as secondary metabolites capable of interfering with the nutrition and reproduction of pest species such as Plutella xylostella. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ludwigia spp. (Onagraceae) on the feeding and oviposition of P. xylostella. Choice bioassays were performed using aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The aqueous extract of L. tomentosa resulted in an approximately 81% reduction in larval feeding compared to that in the control, with an antifeedant index (AI) of 52%. The aqueous and ethanolic extract of L. nervosa acted by stimulating larval feeding. The oviposition was significantly reduced in the kale leaves treated with aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ludwigia spp. The aqueous extracts promoted an average 90% reduction in oviposition when compared to that in the control, and an oviposition deterrent index (ODI) above 61% was classified as an oviposition deterrent. In addition, ethanolic extracts affected 81% of oviposition, with an ODI above 41%. Bioassays should be performed to clarify the use of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of L. nervosa as they acted as phagostimulants in the feeding tests and as deterrents in the oviposition tests. The phenolic compounds—flavonoids, condensed tannins, and alkaloids—were more abundant in L. nervosa, L. tomentosa, L. sericea, and L. longifolia. The extracts of L. longifolia and L. tomentosa showed the best results, interfering with the host choice for feeding and oviposition in P. xylostella and representing an alternative for the control of diamondback moths.

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Moraes, Carla Pedroso de, and Luis Amilton Foerster. "Toxicity and residual control of Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and insecticides." Ciência Rural 42, no. 8 (August 2012): 1335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782012000800001.

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Plutella xylostella L. is the most important worldwide pest of cruciferous plants and indiscriminate use of insecticides has led to the resistance of the species to different groups. This research was conducted to compare the toxicity and persistence of two strains of Bacillus thuringiensis to P. xylostella larvae. Concentrations between 125 and 500g 100L-1 of water of the commercial products were evaluated and compared to the insect growth inhibitor diflubenzuron and to the neurotoxic pyrethroid deltamethrin. The efficacy of the insecticides was compared between treated plants kept indoor greenhouse and outdoor. Third instar larvae were more susceptible to B. thuringiensis than first instar ones. Agree and Dipel showed similar control rates of third instars until 10 days after treatment, but on the 15th day, Agree was significantly more efficient than Dipel. Both B. thuringiensis formulations showed a reduction in mortality after 10 days when the treated plants were exposed to natural weather conditions in comparison to the same treatments kept inside greenhouse. Dimilin (100g 100L-1 of water) and deltamethrin (30ml of commercial product 100L-1 of water) were not efficient to control third instar larvae of P. xylostella. This inefficiency cannot be attributed to a resistant population of P. xylostella since the larval population used in the experiments was not subjected to insecticide pressure, once the crop was organically cultivated all year round. The results showed that both formulations of B. thuringiensis are sound alternatives for the control of the diamondback moth in organically conducted cruciferous crops, considering the high residual control provided under subtropical weather conditions.

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Wührer, B. G., and S. A. Hassan. "Selection of effective species/strains ofTrichogramma(Hym., Trichogrammatidae) to control the diamondback mothPlutella xylostellaL. (Lep., Plutellidae)." Journal of Applied Entomology 116, no. 1-5 (January 12, 1993): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1993.tb01170.x.

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16

Kariuki, C. W., and A. H. McIntosh. "Infectivity Studies of a New Baculovirus Isolate for the Control of the Diamondback Moth (Plutellidae: Lepidoptera)." Journal of Economic Entomology 92, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 1093–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/92.5.1093.

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17

Sherbrooke, S., Y. Carrière, and J. C. Palumbo. "Evaluation of Trap Cropping for Control of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in a Broccoli Production System." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 4 (April 23, 2020): 1864–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa073.

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Abstract Trap cropping, in which a trap crop is planted near a cash crop, has been used successfully for reducing pest damage in some agricultural systems. We used a meta-analysis of extensive data on two trap cropping systems, diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), exploiting cabbage and Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) exploiting maize, to show that oviposition preference for, and high larval mortality on trap crops are important indicators of effectiveness of trap cropping systems. We then evaluated Indian mustard (Brassica juncea var. juncea L. Czern.) (Capparidales: Brassicaceae) and yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris W. T. Aiton) (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) as trap crops for protecting broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) (Capparidales: Brassicaceae) against diamondback moth in Yuma, AZ, using planting configurations compatible with current practices for commercial production and without use of insecticides. In oviposition choice tests, both yellow rocket and Indian mustard were highly preferred over broccoli in the field. Furthermore, the number of larvae and pupae was significantly lower on yellow rocket and Indian mustard compared to broccoli, indicating relatively high mortality on these trap crops. Nevertheless, during the fall and spring growing seasons, no significant differences in the number of individuals on broccoli or proportion of broccoli crowns infested at harvest occurred between plots with trap crops relative to plots exclusively planted to broccoli. Thus, with the plant density and planting patterns used and without use of insecticides, there was no evidence that trap cropping was effective for reducing diamondback moth infestation of broccoli.

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Wang, Jing, Xiaobin Zheng, Jiangjiang Yuan, Shuaiyu Wang, Baoyun Xu, Shaoli Wang, Youjun Zhang, and Qingjun Wu. "Insecticide Resistance Monitoring of the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Populations in China." Journal of Economic Entomology 114, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 1282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab027.

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Abstract The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., is a worldwide crop pest that is difficult to control because of its ability to develop resistance to many insecticides. To provide a reference for resistance management of P. xylostella in China, the present study used a leaf-dip bioassay to monitor the resistance of P. xylostella to nine insecticides in eight regions of China. The results showed that P. xylostella had developed a high level of resistance to beta-cypermethrin (resistance ratio [RR] > 112), and moderate (RR < 40) to high levels of resistance to indoxacarb, abamectin, and chlorfluazuron. For chlorantraniliprole, RRs > 100 were found in Midu (Yunnan Province) and Jinghai (Tianjin). In most regions, the resistance to spinetoram and chlorfenapyr and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was low. No resistance was detected to diafenthiuron. Overall, P. xylostella resistance to insecticides was higher in Midu than in other regions. The data in this study should help guide the selection of insecticides for management of P. xylostella in China.

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Riley, David, Hugh Smith, John Bennett, Philip Torrance, Evan Huffman, Alton Sparks, Charles Gruver, Thomas Dunn, and Donald Champagne. "Regional Survey of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Response to Maximum Dosages of Insecticides in Georgia and Florida." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 5 (June 19, 2020): 2458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa125.

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Abstract We conducted maximum dose bioassays of insecticide for the control of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), in cole crops, from 2016 to 2019 at several commercial locations in Georgia and Florida. The nominal maximum dose was defined as the highest labeled rate of an insecticide at the beginning of the survey in the equivalent of 935 liters/ha dilution. The results indicated low insecticide efficacy for high labeled rates of the following insecticides by common name (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee group number in parentheses). Our 4-yr survey identified very low levels of DBM larval control (<47%) by lambda-cyhalothrin (3), methoxyfenozide (18), pyriproxyfen (7C), novaluron (15), bifenthrin (3), chlorantraniliprole (28), indoxacarb (22A), and methomyl (1A). The best products for DBM control (>74%) listed in decreasing average levels of efficacy were naled (1B), cyclaniliprole (28), tolfenpyrad (21A), emamectin benzoate (6), and cyantraniliprole (28). Intermediate levels of control (61–71%) were obtained with Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai (11A), Bacillus thuringiensis, subsp. kurstaki, strain ABTS-351 (11A), and spinetoram (5). This rapid bioassay provided the grower with a ranking of insecticide efficacy for the control the DBM population for that farm site. These data allowed growers to make an informed decision on control quickly and plan for resistance management rotations for DBM that season.

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Shelton, A. M., J. D. Vandenberg, M. Ramos, and W. T. Wilsey. "Efficacy and Persistence of Beauveria bassiana and Other Fungi for Control of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on Cabbage Seedlings1." Journal of Entomological Science 33, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-33.2.142.

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The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is a key pest of crucifers worldwide. Resistance by diamondback moths to chemical insecticides and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner toxins highlights the need for alternative controls. Crucifer growers often depend on seedlings produced in screenhouses and later transplanted to the field. Commercial seedlings can be contaminated with pesticide-resistant P. xylostella, leading to control problems in the field. We evaluated the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin applied as conidia in Mycotrol ® WP in three experiments by evaluating insect control, damage reduction, and fungus persistence on treated leaves of cabbage seedlings. In one experiment, we also evaluated Metarhizium anisopliae Metschnikoff (Sorokin) applied as conidia in Bio-blast® and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith applied as freshly-cultivated unformulated blastospores. We observed significant reductions, compared to controls, in insect populations and damage ratings when Mycotrol was applied once- or twice-weekly. Mycotrol treatments were as effective as a B. thuringiensis product in preventing damage when three spray nozzles were used to insure adequate pesticide coverage. Mycotrol persisted on treated leaves in screen-houses for more than 2 wks, and mycosis of larvae reared on these leaves was >50% 7 d after a single application of fungus. Treatment with either M. anisopliae or P. fumosoroseus resulted in no significant reduction in insect numbers or damage, but each fungus persisted on leaves and caused mycosis in lab-reared larvae more than 2 wks after treatment. Mycotrol can provide an option for control of P. xylostella larvae on seedlings, and may be especially useful in a resistance management program.

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Rocha, Aline Nascimento, Emerson Machado de Carvalho, Juliana Rosa Carrijo Mauad, and Rosilda Mara Mussury. "Tradescantia pallida L. (Commelinaceae) influences the activity of oviposition and feeding of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 8 (July 18, 2021): e57610817583. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.17583.

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Diamondback moth represents one of the major Brassicaceae plagues and the main current control method relies on the agrotoxins use. The search for alternative phytosanitary control methods demonstrates that the vegetal extracts have broadly studied and now represent a relevant option to control insects-plagues in small cultivation areas. Was evaluated the effect of the aqueous extract Tradescantia pallida 10% in oviposition and the feeding preference of Plutella xylostella, in laboratory conditions. That plant does not present herbivory reports, which raises the hypothesis of representing an efficient control alternative. P. xylostella couples introduced in experimentation cages for 10 days, to assess the activity of oviposition, being exposed to the botanic extract in the feeding and the oviposition substrate, with the eggs average number per day and fertility being assessed. To assess feeding, two tests developed: free choice and no choice of food source during 48 hours of evaluation. The results indicate that the aqueous T. pallida extract changes the oviposition activity of P. xylostella, reducing the average number of eggs per day and the fertility. It was also possible to observe the non-preference, regarding feeding, for substrates that were treated with the extract. The results observed in the study can contribute to amplify the small producers decision-making processes and the involved sectors regarding the choice of supplies that respect environmental and human health.

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Hasibuan, Rosma, Nilly Christalia, F. X. Susilo, and Nur Yasin. "POTENTIAL IMPACT OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE ON THE DIAMONDBACK MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE) AND ITS PARASITOID DIADEGMA SEMICLAUSUM (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 9, no. 2 (July 25, 2009): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.2999-108.

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Potential Impact of Metarhizium anisopliae on the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and Its Parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of the Metarhizium anisopliae against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella and its parasitoid, Diadegma semiclausum. A completely randomized design consisted of 5 treatments (4 concentrations of conidial suspension: 5 x 104, 3.5 x 105, 2.5 x 106, 1.2 x 107 conidia/ml and control) was used. The results indicated that the mortality of P. xylostella larvae were significantly induced by the fungal treatments. A significant reduction in pupation and adult emergence of P. xylostella was also detected in all treatments when compared with that in the control. The fungus might also result in a male-biased sex ratio of the surviving P. xylostella. When applied at a concentration of 1.2 x 107 conidia/ml, M. anisopliae might significantly reduce the survival of the parasitoid, D. semiclausum. Thus, despite its potential as a biological control agent against P. xylostella, the entomomogenous fungus M. anisopliae was also detrimental to the larvae parasitoid D. semiclausum.

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Chen, Ruo-Xia, Feng Zhang, Wei-Guo Huangfu, Hong-Yan Yao, Jin-Bo Zhou, and Ulrich Kuhlmann. "Reproductive attributes of the eulophidOomyzus sokolowskii, a biological control agent of diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)." Biocontrol Science and Technology 18, no. 8 (October 2008): 753–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583150802334515.

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Godonou, I., B. James, C. Atcha-Ahowé, S. Vodouhè, C. Kooyman, A. Ahanchédé, and S. Korie. "Potential of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae isolates from Benin to control Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)." Crop Protection 28, no. 3 (March 2009): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2008.10.009.

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Charleston, D. S., R. Kfir, L. E. M. Vet, and M. Dicke. "Behavioural responses of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to extracts derived from Melia azedarach and Azadirachta indica." Bulletin of Entomological Research 95, no. 5 (October 2005): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ber2005377.

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AbstractThe impact of three different doses of botanical insecticide derived from the syringa tree, Melia azedarach and the neem tree, Azadirachta indica was tested on the behaviour of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus). Both botanical insecticides had a significant impact on larval behaviour. At higher doses the extracts showed feeding deterrent activity, with larvae preferring the untreated sides of cabbage leaves and consuming less of the treated half of cabbage leaves. The botanical insecticides had less of an effect on the oviposition behaviour of P. xylostella moths. In laboratory and glasshouse trials, significantly fewer eggs were oviposited on the plants that had been treated with syringa extracts. Therefore, the syringa extracts appear to have a repellent effect. In contrast, when exposed to the neem extracts the moths did not discriminate between control plants and treated plants. Behavioural observation indicated that, despite the lower number of eggs oviposited on cabbage treated with syringa extracts, the moths chose cabbage treated with the highest dose of syringa more often than they chose control cabbage plants. Similar observations were found in cabbage plants treated with neem, moths chose the medium dose more often than they chose the control. Oviposition and feeding deterrent properties are important factors in pest control, and results from this study indicate that botanical insecticides have the potential to be incorporated into control programmes for P. xylostella in South Africa.

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Thuler, Robson Thomaz, Fernando Henrique Iost Filho, Hamilton César De Oliveira Charlo, and Sergio Antônio De Bortoli. "Effects of rhizobacteria on the biology and behavior of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)." Revista Colombiana de Entomología 43, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v43i2.5943.

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Plant induced resistance is a tool for integrated pest management, aimed at increasing plant defense against stress, which is compatible with other techniques. Rhizobacteria act in the plant through metabolic changes and may have direct effects on plant-feeding insects. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cabbage plants inoculated with rhizobacteria on the biology and behavior of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Cabbage seeds inoculated with 12 rhizobacteria strains were sowed in polystyrene trays and later transplanted into the greenhouse. The cabbage plants with sufficient size to support stress were then infested with diamondback moth caterpillars. Later, healthy leaves suffering injuries were collected and taken to the laboratory to feed P. xylostella second instar caterpillars that were evaluated for larval and pupal viability and duration, pupal weight, and sex ratio. The reduction of leaf area was then calculated as a measure of the amount of larval feeding. Non-preference for feeding and oviposition assays were also performed, by comparing the control treatment and plants inoculated with different rhizobacterial strains. Plants inoculated with the strains EN4 of Kluyvera ascorbata and HPF14 of Bacillus thuringiensis negatively affected the biological characteristics of P. xylostella when such traits were evaluated together, without directly affecting the insect behavior.

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Rodriguez Rodriguez, Jose Francisco, Ernesto Cerna Chavez, Yisa Maria Ochoa Fuentes, Mariana Beltran Beache, Jeronimo Landeros Flores, and Luis Patricio Guevara Acevedo. "Efectos subletales en el desarrollo de Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) asociados a la resistencia a fipronil." ACTA ZOOLÓGICA MEXICANA (N.S.) 36, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/azm.2020.3612214.

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Plutella xylostella (L.) es la principal plaga de los cultivos de la familia Brassicaceae generando grandes pérdidas económicas. Su control se basa principalmente en la aplicación de insecticidas de químicos, el uso excesivo de estos plaguicidas ha ayudado al desarrollo de resistencia hacia estos ingredientes activos. La implementación de dosis subletales de insecticidas afecta la fisiología y comportamiento de los insectos. Se determinó las concentraciones letales (CL20 y CL50) de fipronil sobre una línea resistente y una línea susceptible a este compuesto y posteriormente estas se aplicaron a larvas de tercer instar para evaluar el porcentaje de pupación, peso de pupas, emergencia de adultos en dos generaciones (progenitores y descendientes), así como los tiempos de desarrollo de cada estadio de P. xylostella. Se observó un efecto importante en la aplicación de CL20 de fipronil al verse alargado el tiempo de desarrollo por más de tres días y una disminución de la fecundidad en más de un 20% en la línea resistente a fipronil, lo que puede ser un factor importante para el manejo y control de esta plaga cuando se presenten problemas de resistencia a fipronil.

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Duarte, R. T., K. C. Gonçalves, D. J. L. Espinosa, L. F. Moreira, S. A. De Bortoli, R. A. Humber, and R. A. Polanczyk. "Potential of Entomopathogenic Fungi as Biological Control Agents of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and Compatibility With Chemical Insecticides." Journal of Economic Entomology 109, no. 2 (February 5, 2016): 594–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/tow008.

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Paudel, Asmita, Pankaj Kumar Yadav, and Priya Karna. "Diamondback Moth Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae); A Real Menace To Crucifers And Its Integrated Management Tactics." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, no. 12 (December 20, 2022): 2504–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i12.2504-2515.5231.

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The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a severe and most destructive pest of cruciferous vegetables in many parts of the world, including Nepal. The natural history and ecology of the diamondback moth are summarized here, along with appropriate management options. Caterpillar is the most devastating stage of DBM that matures and causes “windowing” damage, leaving only the epidermis. Biological control, cultural practices, effective chemical control, botanical pesticides, and host plant resistance are the most viable options. Insecticide abuse and resistance concerns are likely to persist, as numerous research-based outcomes have proven that none of these measures will suffice independently. However, these techniques can complement each other and result in a better long-term management system when combined. This review highlights the integrated eco-friendly management strategies for DBM and other cruciferous insect pests. Integrated Pest Management (IPM), which focuses on sustainable production, has shown promising results. Modern management techniques include genetic modification, use of parasitoids, modified cultural methods, the precautionary application of chemicals, resistant cultivars, fungal, bacterial (Bt. based biopesticides), and viral entomopathogens, etc., which are found to be more effective and eco-friendlier.

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Ribeiro, L. M. S., V. Wanderley-Teixeira, H. N. Ferreira, Á. A. C. Teixeira, and H. A. A. Siqueira. "Fitness costs associated with field-evolved resistance to chlorantraniliprole inPlutella xylostella(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 104, no. 1 (November 8, 2013): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485313000576.

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AbstractPlutella xylostella(L.) is the most important pest of Brassicaceae worldwide, with a recent estimate of US$ 4–5 billion expenditure for the control of this insect. A case of very high resistance of this pest to chlorantraniliprole was recently associated with reduced efficacy in a Brazilian field ofBrassicaspp. Although diamide resistance has been characterized, the fitness of insects due to such resistance has yet to be examined. Therefore, in this study, biological parameters were assessed in both susceptible and resistant strains ofP. xylostellasubjected to sublethal chlorantraniliprole concentrations. The field strain showed high resistance to chlorantraniliprole (RR50=27,793-fold), although resistance rapidly decreased in the first generations, showing instability. The exposure of susceptible and resistant larvae to their respective LC1, LC10, and LC25values led to an increased duration of the larval and pupae phases and reduced weight in both strains; however, no significant differences in pupal viability across the treatments were observed. The resistant insects presented significantly lower larval weight and fecundity and higher larval and pupal periods, hatchability, and male longevity when not exposed to chlorantraniliprole, suggesting a fitness cost associated with resistance. In addition, resistant females showed a significantly higher egg-laying period and longevity at LC25, whereas the males lived longer at LC1. Chlorantraniliprole negatively impacted the biological parameters of both strains tested, although these effects were more relevant to the resistant insects. ResistantP. xylostellashowed negative and positive biological trade-offs when compared with the susceptible individuals in both the absence and presence of chlorantraniliprole. Despite the important role that these trade-offs may play in the evolution of resistance to chlorantraniliprole, practical applications still depend on such information as the dominance of fitness costs and resistance.

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Peres, Lucas, Ana Sobreiro, Irys Couto, Rosicléia Silva, Fabricio Pereira, Silvia Heredia-Vieira, Claudia Cardoso, et al. "Chemical Compounds and Bioactivity of Aqueous Extracts of Alibertia spp. in the Control of Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)." Insects 8, no. 4 (November 22, 2017): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects8040125.

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Nunes, Gilmar da S., Caio C. Truzi, Joacir do Nascimento, Flávia F. de Paula, Sidnéia T. S. de Matos, Ricardo A. Polanczyk, and Sergio A. De Bortoli. "Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales)–treated Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Larvae Mediate the Preference and Functional Response of Euborellia annulipes (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae) Nymphs." Journal of Economic Entomology 112, no. 6 (July 29, 2019): 2614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz207.

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Abstract Biological control is one of the strategies to reduce populations of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), the major pest of brassica. Entomopathogen-based biopesticides are recommended and used for its control, reducing the constant use of chemical pesticides. Predators and/or fungal entomopathogens have an increasing interest to be used against diamondback moth, and the compatibility of these control agents in the field is important for pest management. Here we experimentally investigate the effects of diamondback moth larvae treated with a biopesticidal formulation of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin in the feeding preference and functional response of the ring-legged earwig. We used untreated and B. bassiana-treated diamondback moth fourth instars (over a 24-h period of exposure) and Euborellia annulipes (Lucas) fifth instars. The nymphs were included in choice condition tests and different larval densities to the analysis of feeding preference and functional responses, respectively. Euborellia annulipes nymphs exhibited no feeding preference under choice conditions but presented different types of functional response: Type II on untreated and type III on fungus-treated diamondback moth larvae. The interaction between E. annulipes and B. bassiana observed in our study contributes to the understanding of the predator–prey–pathogen relationships with implications for P. xylostella integrated management strategies.

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Rugholm Simonsen, Marie-Louise, Annie Enkegaard, Camilla Nordborg Bang, and Lene Sigsgaard. "Anthocoris nemorum (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) as predator of cabbage pests – voracity and prey preference." Entomologica Fennica 21, no. 1 (August 14, 2019): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.84494.

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Laboratory experimentswere performed with adult female Anthocoris nemorum (Linnaeus) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) at 20°C ± 1°C, L16:D8, 60–70% RH to determine voracity and preference on cabbage aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), diamondback moth larvae (Plutella xylostella L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (model species for cabbage thrips (Thrips angusticeps Uzel) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)). When offered individually, A. nemorum readily accepted all three species with no significant differences in consumption. When aphids and moth larvae were offered simultaneously, A. nemorum showed preference for the latter (numbers eaten and biomass consumed). When aphids and thrips were offered together, A. nemorum preferred thrips in terms of numbers eaten but preferred aphids in terms of biomass consumed. The results showed that A. nemorum is a voracious predator of B. brassicae, P. xylostella and F. occidentalis and can therefore be considered as a potential candidate for biological control in cabbage.

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LIMA NETO, JACONIAS ESCÓCIO, and HERBERT ÁLVARO ABREU DE SIQUEIRA. "SELECTION OF Plutella xylostella (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE) TO CHLORFENAPYR RESISTANCE: HERITABILITY AND THE NUMBER OF GENES INVOLVED." Revista Caatinga 30, no. 4 (December 2017): 1067–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252017v30n428rc.

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ABSTRACT The Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is a worldwide pest of Brassicaceae. Resistance has evolved against various insecticides including chlorfenapyr one of the most recently registered molecules to control this pest. The failure of chlorfenapyr to control this pest could be related to resistance in P. xylostella in the state of Pernambuco (Brazil), but there is currently no information on its heritability. Here, we estimated the heritability of resistance of P. xylostella to chlorfenapyr and the number of genes involved in the resistance in a field-derived population (PxClf-SEL). A field population was selected in the laboratory with increasing doses of chlorfenapyr (for five generations), and the LC50s were estimated for every generation using the leaf dip bioassay. The selection increased resistance to chlorfenapyr in the PxClf-SEL as the LC50 shifted from 27.6 (F1) to 256.5 (F5) mg chlorfenapyr/L. As a result, the resistance ratio (RR) increased from 33-fold (F1) to 310-fold (F5). The heritability of resistance of P. xylostella to chlorfenapyr was 0.90 (h2), and the number of generations needed for a 10-fold increase in the resistance to chlorfenapyr was 5.20 (G). Other methods have shown different numbers of genes (0.64 and 1.88) involved in resistance of P. xylostella to chlorfenapyr. There was sufficient variation regarding resistance in the field population to account for a high realized heritability influenced mainly by additive genetic factors. Therefore, there is a high risk of chlorfenapyr resistance in the field.

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Yusoff, Norazila, Idris Abd Ghani, Nurul Wahida Othman, Wan Mohd Aizat, and Maizom Hassan. "Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Farnesyl Acetate on Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)." Insects 12, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12020109.

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The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the most important pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the properties of selected farnesyl derivative compounds against P. xylostella. The toxicity and sublethal concentration (LC50) of farnesyl acetate, farnesyl acetone, farnesyl bromide, farnesyl chloride, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone were investigated for 96 h. The leaf-dip bioassays showed that farnesyl acetate had a high level of toxicity against P. xylostella compared to other tested farnesyl derivatives. The LC50 value was 56.41 mg/L on the second-instar larvae of P. xylostella. Then, the sublethal effects of farnesyl acetate on biological parameters of P. xylostella were assessed. Compared to the control group, the sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate decreased pupation and emergence rates, pupal weight, fecundity, egg hatching rate, female ratio, and oviposition period. Furthermore, the developmental time of P. xylostella was extended after being exposed to farnesyl acetate. Moreover, the application of farnesyl acetate on P. xylostella induced morphogenetic abnormalities in larval–pupal intermediates, adults that emerged with twisted wings, or complete adults that could not emerge from the cocoon. These results suggested that farnesyl acetate was highly effective against P. xylostella. The sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate could reduce the population of P. xylostella by increasing abnormal pupal and adults, and by delaying its development period.

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Chilcutt, Charles F., and Bruce E. Tabashnik. "Simulation of Integration ofBacillus thuringiensisand the ParasitoidCotesia plutellae(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for Control of Susceptible and Resistant Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)." Environmental Entomology 28, no. 3 (June 1, 1999): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/28.3.505.

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Abro, G. H., T. S. Syed, A. N. Kalhoro, G. H. Sheikh, M. S. Awan, R. D. Jessar, and A. M. Shelton. "Insecticides for control of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in Pakistan and factors that affect their toxicity." Crop Protection 52 (October 2013): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2013.05.017.

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Mu, Fang, Lijuan Sun, Sifang Wang, Fangmeng Duan, Songdong Gu, Shujian Sun, Yanzhou Zhang, and Changpeng Shen. "The cumulative damage index method: a new method for evaluating the effectiveness of control measures for Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)." Pest Management Science 71, no. 4 (November 21, 2014): 632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.3923.

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Telles, Camila C., Luciana M. de Freitas, Ana Maria R. Junqueira, and Renata S. de Mendonça. "Silicon application as an auxiliary method to control diamondback moth in cabbage plants." Horticultura Brasileira 37, no. 4 (October 2019): 390–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620190405.

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ABSTRACT Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are among the factors promoting plant resistance to pests, and silicon application may increase this resistance. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the control of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae) through foliar application of silicon in cabbage crops. The experiment was conducted in the vegetable producing area of Água Limpa Farm, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with nine treatments and four replicates, totaling 36 plots. The applied treatments consisted of Agrosilicon® (10.5% Si) (T1), Sifol® (12% Si) (T2), deltamethrin 25 g L-1 (Decis® 25 EC) (T3), Bacillus thuringiensis, 33.60 g L-1 (Dipel® SC) (T4), Agrosilicon® + deltamethrin 25 g L-1(Decis® 25 EC) (T5), Agrosilicon® + Bacillus thuringiensis, 33.60 g L-1 (Dipel® SC) (T6), Sifol® + deltamethrin 25 g L-1 (Decis® 25 EC) (T7), Sifol® + Bacillus thuringiensis, 33.60 g L-1 (Dipel® SC) (T8) and control (T9). Agrosilicon® and Sifol® were applied weekly and the products deltamethrin and Bacillus thuringiensis were applied according to the damage level established for DBM in cabbage crops. Foliar application of silicon, alone or in combination with chemical and biological insecticides - T2, T7 and T8, were the best strategy to control DBM in cabbage crops, resulting in the lowest number of caterpillars per plant, lowest leaf damages and best aesthetic value of plants. Silicon foliar application can be considered as an auxiliary method of DBM management in cabbage crops, followed by the doses recommended by the manufacturers.

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Ali, Farhad, Muhammad Tariq, Farid Asif Shaheen, Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani, Tayyaba Zainab, and Asim Gulzar. "TOXICITY OF DIFFERENT PLANT EXTRACTS AND GREEN SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDA)." Plant Protection 3, no. 3 (December 29, 2019): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33804/pp.003.03.3112.

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The diamondback moth, Plutellaxylostella (Lepidoptera; Plutellidae) is one of the most notorious and cosmopolitan insect pests of brassica crops around the world. P. xylostella may causes 90% yield losses in brassica crops. Various control measures have been adopted to manage this pest; however, the most effective control method is the use of synthetic chemical insecticides. Overuse of insecticides have many adverse effects including insecticide resistance, hazardous to environment, long persistency, interfere with food chain. There is an urgent need for alternative control measures which should be effective, environmental friendly and economically safer. Bio pesticides include plant extracts and green synthesized nano-based insecticides are among these measures, which can be useful for the management of P. xylostella. Less work has been carried out on the use of green synthesized plant products against P. xylostella. Therefore, current study has been planned to evaluate the toxicity of plant extracts and green synthesized nano-based plant products against P. xylostella. Eight plants extract (neem, bakain, bitter-gourd, clove, eucalyptus, dathura, garlic and ginger) and their nano-based products (green synthesis silver nanoparticles) were applied in different concentrations against 3rd larval instars of P. xylostella. Mortality were recorded after 24, 48 and 72 hours of application of treatments. Corrected mortality was calculated using Abbot’s formula and LC50 values were calculated.

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SÁENZ-A., ADRIANA. "Susceptibilidad de Plutella xylostella a Heterorhabditis sp. SL0708 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae)." Revista Colombiana de Entomología 38, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v38i1.8928.

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Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) conocida como polilla dorso de diamante (DDM) es una de las plagas más importantes en cultivos de crucíferas en Colombia. La estrategia de control más utilizada ha sido el uso de insecticidas de síntesis química como piretroides, carbamatos, organofosforados y reguladores de crecimiento. Como una alternativa de control, se evalúa la susceptibilidad del tercer instar de DDM al nemátodo entomopatógeno Heterorhabditis sp. SL0708 en condiciones de laboratorio. Se probaron cinco dosis de juveniles infectivos (JI) (0, 100, 300, 600, 1200 JI/ml/5 larvas) y se evaluó cada 24 horas la sintomatología, mortalidad y recuperación de JI. Las larvas afectadas por Heterorhabditis sp. SL0708 presentaron cambios de coloración de verde a marrón claro, se mostraron poco móviles y con cuerpo flácido. Algunas larvas alcanzaron a mudar a pupa y se observó el desarrollo de adultos de primera generación. El porcentaje promedio de mortalidad fue de 95,6%, con un tiempo de mortalidad entre las 48 y 72 horas. La dosis que mostró diferencias significativas fue 100 JI. De las larvas infectadas por tratamiento se recuperó en promedio diariamente 2.743 JI en cinco días. Las larvas de P. xylostella fueron susceptibles a los JI de Heterorhabditis sp. SL0708, indicando que se debe continuar evaluando su capacidad patogénica en invernadero y campo.

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Shelton, A. M., M. K. Kroening, S. D. Eigenbrode, C. Petzold, M. P. Hoffmann, J. A. Wyman, W. T. Wilsey, R. J. Cooley, and L. H. Pedersen. "Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Contamination of Cabbage Transplants and the Potential for Insecticide Resistance Problems." Journal of Entomological Science 31, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-31.3.347.

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Samples collected from 1989 to 1992 document that the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) was introduced into New York in early spring on cabbage, Brassica oleracea capitata (L.), transplants grown in the southern United States. During 1989, transplant shipments from five transplant companies in Florida, Georgia and Maryland were sampled for P. xylostella. In 1989, average seasonal infestations per transplant company ranged from 1.3 to 3.5 P. xylostella per 100 transplants. During June, when the majority of transplants arrived in New York, P. xylostella infestations were as high as 12.8 insects per 100 transplants on an individual shipment. Infestations by cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), imported cabbageworm, Artogeia (=Pieris) rapae (L.), and cabbage webworm, Hellula rogatalis (Hulst), on an individual shipment were as high as 19.7 insects per 100 transplants. Compared with a standard susceptible field population, the P. xylostella which were collected from transplants demonstrated moderate to high (> than 100-fold in one case) levels of resistance to permethrin or methomyl. In 1990, average seasonal infestations per transplant company varied from 0.3 to 12.0 P. xylostella per 100 plants, but an individual shipment from Florida had 30.4 P. xylostella per 100 transplants. A population of P. xylostella collected in 1990 from Florida transplants had >200-fold resistance to methomyl. Despite intensive treatments, a New York grower who used the transplants with high contamination of resistant P. xylostella was unable to achieve acceptable control in his field. Samples collected from 1989 to 1992 from a transplant grower in Maryland indicate that better management in the field can reduce contamination levels to < 0.5%. The introduction of P. xylostella, especially those resistant to insecticides, on transplants poses a serious threat to cabbage growers and interregional management strategies should be adopted.

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Baideng, Eva Lienneke. "UJI DAYA BUNUH EKSTRAK BIJI SIRSAK (Annona muricata) TERHADAP LARVA KUBIS Plutella xylostella (Linn.) (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE)." JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS 16, no. 2 (February 9, 2017): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jis.16.2.2016.15058.

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UJI DAYA BUNUH EKSTRAK BIJI SIRSAK (Annona muricata) TERHADAP LARVA KUBIS Plutella xylostella (Linn.) (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE) ABSTRAK Penelitian terhadap uji daya bunuh ekstrak biji sirsak (Annona muricata) terhadap larva kubis Plutella xylostella dilakukan untuk mengetahui uji daya bunuh beberapa konsentrasi ekstrak biji sirsak terhadap larva Plutella xylostella. Manfaat penelitian adalah untuk memberikan informasi daya bunuh dari ekstrak biji sirsak terhadap larva P. xylostella sehingga dapat digunakan dalam pengendalian hama tersebut. Penelitian dilaksanakan di desa Rurukan Kota Tomohon, yang berlangsung selama 3 bulan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dan tiap perlakuan terdiri dari tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase kematian larva meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi ekstrak biji sirsak yang disemprotkan yaitu 10 g/l, 20 g/l, 30 g/l, 40 g/l dan 50 g/l. Beberapa larva yang belum mati pada stadia ini dan masih hidup hingga pada stadia pupa, persentase mortalitasnya tidak meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi ekstrak biji sirsak yang diaplikasikan, yakni secara berurutan 30g/l (11,11%), 10g/l (13,33%), 50g/l (14,44%), 20g/l (16,67%) dan 40g/l(16,67%). Total persentase mortalitas larva dan pupa meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi ekstrak biji sirsak yang disemprotkan. Konsentrasi ekstrak biji sirsak sebesar 50g/l sudah cukup baik digunakan sebagai insektisida botani dalam mengendalikan populasi hama P. xylostella, karena pada konsentrasi ini efektif mematikan sebesar 96,78% populasi serangga yang diuji. Kata kunci: biji sirsak, Plutella xylostella, kubis TEST POWER KILL THE SEED EXTRACT SOURSOP (Annona muricata) ON CABBAGE LARVAE Plutella xylostella (Linn.) (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE) ABSTRACT Research on the test of the power to kill the seed extract of soursop (Annona muricata) to larvae of the cabbage Plutella xylostella test is performed to determine the power to kill some seed extract concentration of soursop against Plutella xylostella larvae. Benefits of the research is to provide information on the killing power of soursop seed extract against P. xylostella larvae so that it can be used. In the pest control. Research conducted at the village Rurukan Tomohon, which lasted for three months. The method used is Completely Random Design (CRD), which consists of 6 treatments and each treatment consisted of three replication. The results showed that the percentage of larval mortality increases with increasing concentration of soursop seed extract that is sprayed is 10 g / l, 20 g / l, 30 g / l, 40 g / l and 50 g / l. Some larvae are not dead at this stage and still live up to the pupal stage, the percentage of mortality was not increased with increasing concentration of soursop seed extract is applied, ie sequentially 30g / l (11.11%), 10g / l (13.33 %), 50g / l (14.44%), 20g / l (16.67%) and 40g / l (16.67%). Total percentage mortality of larvae and pupae increased with increasing concentration of soursop seed extract is sprayed. Concentration of soursop seed extract of 50g / l is good enough to use as a botanical insecticide to control the pest population of P. xylostella, because at this concentration amounted to 96.78% effective lethal insect populations tested. Keywords: soursop seed, Plutella xylostella, cabbage.

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Batista, Philip D., B. Andrew Keddie, Lloyd M. Dosdall, and Harriet L. Harris. "Phylogenetic placement and evidence for horizontal transfer of Wolbachia in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and its parasitoid, Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." Canadian Entomologist 142, no. 1 (February 2010): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n09-801.

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AbstractThe diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is a global pest of cruciferous crops (Brassicaceae). It has developed resistance to virtually all known insecticides, and biological control has become an important management tool. In North America the parasitoid Diadegma insulare (Cresson) has been used successfully to reduce diamondback moth populations. We document the presence of the α-proteobacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia and its associated bacteriophage WO in P. xylostella and D. insulare and examine the phylogenetic relationships of Wolbachia and WO in both host species. Our results suggest that Wolbachia and WO have been horizontally transferred in this insect–parasitoid system in recent evolutionary history. Knowledge of the dynamics of Wolbachia in P. xylostella and D. insulare may be an important factor in future control of this pest in the field.

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Kotta, Noldy R. E., Y. Andi Trisyono, and Arman Wijonarko. "Resistance Level of Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on Cypermethrin in the Regency of Kupang." Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 22, no. 2 (November 15, 2018): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.24750.

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The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is one of the major pests of the Brassicaceae family. Presently, farmers mostly use insecticide to control this pest. The improper use of insecticide, however, may lead to target pest resistance. Resistance to pyrethroid (cypermethrin) insecticide cases have been widely reported. This research aimed to know whether the farmers use cypermethrin based on the recommended practices and to determine the resistance level of P. xylostella collected from Tarus, Noelbaki, Oesao and Pukdale Villages collected from the Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara, which were then compared to the population of Cangkringan (Sleman, Yogyakarta) as a susceptible population. The survey showed that these four locations in Kupang, used insecticides intensively and did the mixing of two or three insecticides. Insecticide application in these four locations was mostly not scheduled as recommended on the label of insecticides. The susceptibility test showed that the RR (resistance ratio) value from Kupang (Tarus = 9.2, Noelbaki = 7.2, Oesao 7.3, and Pukdale = 3.8, respecively) was higher than susceptible population (Cangkringan = 1.0). Therefore, P. xylostella larvae collected from Kupang has been resistant to cypermethrin. IntisariPlutella xylostella L. merupakan salah satu hama utama pada tanaman Famili Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). Pengendalian dengan insektisida masih menjadi andalan petani di lapangan. Dampak negatif dari insektisida seperti resistensi, resurgensi dan munculnya hama sekunder tidak membuat efek jera karena minimnya pengetahuan tentang dampak negatif tersebut. Resistensi terhadap golongan piretroid sudah banyak dilaporkan. Salah satunya sipermetrin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melihat cara penggunaan insektisida oleh petani dan tingkat kepekaan dari populasi lapang asal Tarus, Noelbaki, Oesao, dan Pukdale (Kupang, NTT) dibandingkan dengan populasi Cangkringan (Sleman, DIY) terhadap insektisida sipermetrin. Data survei tentang cara penggunaan insektisida oleh petani diketahui bahwa penggunaan insektisida di keempat lokasi tersebut cukup intensif dan terjadi pencampuran insektisida yang tidak kompatibel. Penyemprotan dilakukan secara rutin di Desa Tarus; di Desa Noelbaki dan Oesao ada yang secara rutin dan ada yang kondisional; sedangkan penyemprotan secara kondisional di Desa Pukdale. Data uji kepekaan menunjukkan bahwa P. xylostella asal Kupang telah resisten terhadap sipermetrin dengan nilai RR (rasio resistensisi) tertinggi dari populasi Tarus (9,2), Noelbaki (7,2), Oesao (7,3), Pukdale (3,8) dibandingkan dengan populasi peka asal Cangkringan.

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Bilal, Muhammad, Muhammad Umair Sial, Lidong Cao, and Qiliang Huang. "Effects of Methoxyfenozide-Loaded Fluorescent Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Mortality and Detoxification Enzyme Levels Activities." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (May 21, 2022): 5790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105790.

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The diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella, causes severe damage at all crop stages, beside its rising resistance to all insecticides. The objective of this study was to look for a new control strategy such as application of insecticide-loaded carbon dot-embedded fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles (FL-SiO2 NPs). Two different-sized methoxyfenozide-loaded nanoparticles (Me@FL-SiO2 NPs-70 nm, Me@FL-SiO2 NPs-150 nm) were prepared, with loading content 15% and 16%. Methoxyfenozide was released constantly from Me@FL-SiO2 NPs only at specific optimum pH 7.5. The release of methoxyfenozide from Me@FL-SiO2 NPs was not observed other than this optimum pH, and therefore, we checked and controlled a single release condition to look out for the different particle sizes of insecticide-loaded NPs. This pH-responsive release pattern can find potential application in sustainable plant protection. Moreover, the lethal concentration of the LC50 value was 24 mg/L for methoxyfenozide (TC), 14 mg/L for Me@FL-SiO2 NPs-70 nm, and 15 mg/L for Me@FL-SiO2 NPs-150 nm after 72 h exposure, respectively. After calculating the LC50, the results predicted that Me@FL-SiO2 NPs-70 nm and Me@FL-SiO2 NPs-150 nm exhibited better insecticidal activity against P. xylostella than methoxyfenozide under the same concentrations of active ingredient applied. Moreover, the activities of detoxification enzymes of P. xylostella were suppressed by treatment with insecticide-loaded NPs, which showed that NPs could also be involved in reduction of enzymes. Furthermore, the entering of FL-SiO2 NPs into the midgut of P. xylostella was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). For comparison, P. xylostella under treatment with water as control was also observed under CLSM. The control exhibited no fluorescent signal, while the larvae treated with FL-SiO2 NPs showed strong fluorescence under a laser excitation wavelength of 448 nm. The reduced enzyme activities as well as higher cuticular penetration in insects indicate that the nano-based delivery system of insecticide could be potentially applied in insecticide resistance management.

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Santos, Renata C., Jhersyka S. Paes, Arthur V. Ribeiro, Abraão A. Santos, and Marcelo C. Picanço. "Toxicity of Corymbia citriodora essential oil compounds against Ascia monuste (Linnaeus, 1764) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)." Entomological Communications 2 (July 28, 2020): ec02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.37486/2675-1305.ec02013.

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Essential oils (EO’s) have been investigated as a safe alternative to pest management. The toxicity of an EO can vary due to abiotic and biotic factors. The individual compounds of different EO’s have shown promise to insect control and they may present toxicity similar to or greater than the EO’s. In this study, we determined the toxicity of Corymbia citriodora EO compounds against Ascia monuste (Linnaeus, 1764) and Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758). Citronellal, trans-caryophyllene, and citronellol (LD50 = 23.24, 24.17 and 27.84 μg/mg, respectively) were the most toxic compounds to A. monuste. On the other hand, α-pinene and β-pinene presented low toxicity to this pest. For P. xylostella, citronellol and citronellal were the most toxic compounds (LD50 = 22.36 and 25.53 μg/mg, respectively). The other compounds presented lower toxicity with similar doses. Thus, the individual compounds of C. citriodora EO can be an alternative for A. monuste and P. xylostella control.

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Zhang, Peiwen, You Zhou, Deqiang Qin, Jianjun Chen, and Zhixiang Zhang. "Metabolic Changes in Larvae of Predator Chrysopa sinica Fed on Azadirachtin-Treated Plutella xylostella Larvae." Metabolites 12, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12020158.

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Biological control is a key component of integrated pest management (IPM). To suppress pests in a certain threshold, chemical control is used in combination with biological and other control methods. An essential premise for using pesticides in IPM is to ascertain their compatibility with beneficial insects. Chrysopa sinica (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is an important predator of various pests and used for pest management. This study was intended to analyze metabolic changes in C. sinica larvae after feeding on azadirachtin-treated Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae) larvae through a non-targeted LC–MS (Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry) based metabolomics analysis. Results showed that C. sinica larvae did not die after consuming P. xylostella larvae treated with azadirachtin. However, their pupation and eclosion were adversely affected, resulting in an impairment in the completion of their life cycle. Feeding C. sinica larvae with azadirachtin-treated P. xylostella larvae affected over 10,000 metabolites across more than 20 pathways, including the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipid, cofactors, and vitamins in C. sinica larvae, of which changes in amnio acid metabolism were particularly pronounced. A working model was proposed to illustrate differential changes in 20 metabolites related to some amino acid metabolisms. Among them, 15 were markedly reduced and only five were elevated. Our results suggest that azadirachtin application may not be exclusively compatible with the use of the predator C. sinica for control of P. xylostella. It is recommended that the compatibility should be evaluated not only based on the survival of the predatory insects but also by the metabolic changes and the resultant detrimental effects on their development.

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Farrar, Robert R., and Richard L. Ridgway. "Enhancement of Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner Against Four Lepidopterous Insect Pests by Nutrient-Based Phagostimulants1." Journal of Entomological Science 30, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-30.1.29.

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To help improve control of insect pests with microbial insecticides, we investigated the interactions of four commercial, nutrient-based phagostimulants (Pheast [AgriSense], Coax [CCT Corp.], Gusto [Atochem North America, Inc.], and Entice [Custom Chemicides] with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and four lepidopterous insect pests (gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar [L.] [Lymantriidae]; corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea [Boddie] [Noctuidae]; European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis [Hübner] [Pyralidae]; and diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella [L.] [Plutellidae]). Comparisons were made of treated foliage in Petri dishes in the laboratory and of sprayed whole plants in a greenhouse. In general, phagostimulants increased mortality of all species tested, but no consistent differences among phagostimulants were found for any species. Food consumption was generally lower on the treatments that contained phagostimulants causing the highest rates of mortality, possibly as a result of more rapid ingestion of a lethal dose on these treatments. Reduced rates of feeding by insects on treatments with B. thuringiensis alone were seen, probably due in part to intoxication and, possibly, to behavioral effects as well. Indications of potentially significant interactions between host plants and both B. thuringiensis and phagostimulants also were seen.

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Uefune, Masayoshi, Junichiro Abe, Kaori Shiojiri, Satoru Urano, Koukichi Nagasaka, and Junji Takabayashi. "Targeting diamondback moths in greenhouses by attracting specific native parasitoids with herbivory-induced plant volatiles." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 11 (November 2020): 201592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201592.

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We investigated the recruitment of specific parasitoids using a specific blend of synthetic herbivory-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) as a novel method of pest control in greenhouses. In the Miyama rural area in Kyoto, Japan, diamondback moth (DBM) ( Plutella xylostella , Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) larvae are an important pest of cruciferous crops in greenhouses, and Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a larval parasitoid of DBM, is found in the surrounding areas. Dispensers of HIPVs that attracted C. vestalis and honey feeders were set inside greenhouses (treated greenhouses). The monthly incidence of DBMs in the treated greenhouses was significantly lower than that in the untreated greenhouses over a 2-year period. The monthly incidences of C. vestalis and DBMs were not significantly different in the untreated greenhouses, whereas monthly C. vestalis incidence was significantly higher than monthly DBM incidence in the treated greenhouses. Poisson regression analyses showed that, in both years, a significantly higher number of C. vestalis was recorded in the treated greenhouses than in the untreated greenhouses when the number of DBM adults increased. We concluded that DBMs were suppressed more effectively by C. vestalis in the treated greenhouses than in the untreated greenhouses.

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