Готові списки джерел за темами / Plug Flow Modelling

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Plug Flow Modelling"

Wodołażski, Artur, and Adam Smoliński. "Bio-Hydrogen Production in Packed Bed Continuous Plug Flow Reactor—CFD-Multiphase Modelling." Processes 10, no. 10 (September 20, 2022): 1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10101907.

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This research study investigates the modelling and simulation of biomass anaerobic dark fermentation in bio-hydrogen production in a continuous plug flow reactor. A CFD multiphase full transient model in long-term horizons was adopted to model dark fermentation biohydrogen production in continuous mode. Both the continuous discharge of biomass, which prevents the accumulation of solid parts, and the recirculation of the liquid phase ensure constant access to the nutrient solution. The effect of the hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH and the feed rate on the bio-hydrogen yield and production rates were examined in the simulation stage. Metabolite proportions (VFA: acetic, propionic, butyric) constitute important parameters influencing the bio-hydrogen production efficiency. The model of substrate inhibition on bio-hydrogen production from glucose by attached cells of the microorganism T. neapolitana applied to the modelling of the kinetics of bio-hydrogen production was used. The modelling and simulation of a continuous plug flow (bio)reactor in biohydrogen production is an important part of the process design, modelling and optimization of the biological H2 production pathway.

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Veluchamy, C., Ajay S. Kalamdhad, and Brandon H. Gilroyed. "Evaluating and modelling of plug flow reactor digesting lignocellulosic corn silage." Fuel 287 (March 2021): 119498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119498.

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Yeung, Hoi. "Modelling of service reservoirs." Journal of Hydroinformatics 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2001.0016.

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Service reservoirs were built to provide the dual function of balancing supply with demand and provision of adequate head to maintain pressure throughout the distribution network. Changing demographics in the UK and reducing leakage have led to significant increases in water age and hence increased risk of poor water quality. Computational fluid mechanics has been used to study the behaviour of a range of service reservoirs with a rectangular plan form. Detailed analysis of flow distribution and water age suggests that tanks with horizontal inlets are better mixed when compared with vertical top water level inlets. With increasing length to width ratio, the flow characteristics of tanks with vertical inlets increasingly resemble plug flow. A new multi-channel reactor model was developed to model the recirculations in service reservoirs. This simple model can be used to characterise the flow characteristics of service reservoirs from tracer test results.

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Ivanov, E. A., A. S. Klyuyev, A. A. Zharkovskii, and I. O. Borshchev. "Numerical Simulation of Multiphase Flow Structures in Openfoam Software Package." E3S Web of Conferences 320 (2021): 04016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132004016.

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Numerical simulation of various structures of multiphase flow in the pipe was performed using the OpenFOAM software package. A visual comparison of multiphase flow design structures for separated stratified-wave, plug and annular flow modes with experimental data is presented. For multiphase flow modelling the solver compressibleInterFoam was used. From the results of numerical modelling, it follows that the OpenFOAM software package allows correct prediction of multiphase flow modes in the pipe depending on Reynolds numbers for gas and liquid phases of the flow.

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Dócs, Roland, and Krisztián Mátyás Baracza. "A new method of pressure drop modelling in sandstone rocks." Multidiszciplináris tudományok 12, no. 3 (2022): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2022.3.24.

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Production capacity of any hydrocarbon reservoir is the most important question that needs to be answered. This depends on both the obtainable drawdown between the well and reservoir and the petrophysical properties (pore size distribution, wettability properties, saturations etc.) of the porous rock material. Permeability, introduced by Darcy is the parameter describing restrictions present during fluid flow in porous media. Although this method is the one currently accepted and implemented in the industry it has a major flaw because it considers flow in the geometric (total) rather than the effective volume, where it truly develops. During this study a new approach of flow restriction modelling was found, where flow restrictions, measured from sandstone plug samples were compared with the theoretic flow volumes which are equal to the total pore volumes, constructed of steel capillaries of equal diameter. Results show that flow restrictions of incompressible fluids in sandstone can be demonstrated by the new model.

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Juanico, Marcelo. "Should Waste Stabilization Ponds be Designed for Perfect-Mixing or Plug-Flow?" Water Science and Technology 23, no. 7-9 (April 1, 1991): 1495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0602.

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The effect of the hydraulic flow pattern on the performance of Waste Stabilization Ponds is analyzed by modelling. The analysis is made on two parameters with different removal constants (Bacteria and BOD) and for the cases of steady hydraulic loading and when hydraulic loading changes on weekends. Plug-flow ponds perform much better than perfect mixed ones for removal of parameters with high removal constants such as bacteria. Plug-flow and perfect mixed ponds perform very similarly when the removal constant is low as for BOD. Changes in the hydraulic loading regime due to weekend effect do not modify the variability of outflow quality from plug-flow ponds. These changes do affect the variability of outflow quality from perfect mixed ponds only in the case of parameters with high removal constants such as bacteria. Polishing ponds Intended for bacterial removal should be designed for plug-flow. Facultative ponds intended for BOD removal may be designed for perfect mixed, partial mixed or plug-flow. Several small ponds with short residence time located In series, or the parcellation of a single big pond with widely spaced baffles, would avoid short circuiting of effluents between inlet and outlet. However, this design does not assure a plug-flow pattern, and it may lead to the formation of dead areas and the reduction of the actual residence time of effluents within the system.

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Johannsen, Ib, Björn Kilsgaard, Viktor Milkevych, and Dale Moore. "Design, Modelling, and Experimental Validation of a Scalable Continuous-Flow Hydrothermal Liquefaction Pilot Plant." Processes 9, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020234.

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In this study, the design and practical implementation of a novel, scalable plug-flow pilot plant for hydrothermal liquefaction of organic feedstock is presented. The overall discussion comprises the system’s design, process modelling, and simulation, as well as results for an experimental validation of the proposed design with a focus on fluid dynamics and heat transfer. The design criteria take into account the scalability of the plug-flow processing system, optimized non-isothermal flow conditions of highly viscous liquids in a tubular system at harsh process conditions, specifically high pressure and medium temperatures, and overall maintenance suitability. A novel forced flow oscillation system as well as unique heat exchange design to reduce the energy consumption during system operation, maximize local flow mixing, and minimize plugging are proposed and experimentally tested. To achieve a better understanding and optimization of Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) (and other) processing systems, a mathematical model of heat transfer coupled with non-isothermal fluid flow was also developed and implemented.

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BULLOUGH, W. A., J. R. KINSELLA, D. J. PEEL, and U. S. URANG. "COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS MODELLING OF ELECTRO-STRUCTURED FLOWS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2001): 731–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201005210.

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The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software for modelling the flow of electro-structured fluids is introduced. A non-Newtonian fluids package written specifically to model Bingham plastics is validated for several flow rates between stationary parallel plates for varying yield stresses, plate separations and lengths. The computing procedure is rationalised in terms of grid fitting of the 'plug' edge. The programme is modified to include an analytical expression which relates delectro-rheological fluid parameters. This approach is then used to predict valve flow rates from small sample, Couette viscometer produced data: its output compares with experimental results.

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Liotta, Flavia, Patrice Chatellier, Giovanni Esposito, Massimiliano Fabbricino, Eric D. Van Hullebusch, and Piet N. L. Lens. "Hydrodynamic Mathematical Modelling of Aerobic Plug Flow and Nonideal Flow Reactors: A Critical and Historical Review." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 44, no. 23 (September 2, 2014): 2642–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2013.829768.

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Lapicque, F., and A. Storck. "Modelling of a continuous parallel plate plug flow electrochemical reactor: electrowinning of copper." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 15, no. 6 (November 1985): 925–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00614369.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Plug Flow Modelling"

Hedkvist, Måns. "Expansion av Fjärrvärmeproduktion ur ett Ekonomiskt Perspektiv : En Numeriskt Modellerad Fallstudie." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-183869.

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Fjärrvärme i dagens Sverige är ett väletablerat sätt att leverera värme för både industriell och privat användning. Med nästa generations fjärrvärmesystem vid horisonten kan förändringar av existerande fjärrvärmenät komma att bli vanligt förekommande. Trots att det inte är fullt aktuellt med den typen av renoveringar ännu så måste fjärrvärmenät ibland byggas ut för att hantera nya situationer som kan uppstå. För att få en god uppskattning om vad de nya situationerna kommer kräva, och potentiellt kosta, så är simuleringsmodeller ett användbart verktyg. Den här studien har granskat en kommande ökning av effektbehovet och en konsekvent ökning av den producerade värmen angående fjärrvärmesystemet lokaliserat i Malå. Granskningen genomfördes via etablering av en simuleringsmodell som baserats på metoder från tillgänglig litteratur. Empiriska värden användes både som indata till modellen och för feluppskattning. Två hypotetiska scenarier undersöktes där effektbehovet hos en industrikund antas dubbleras, ett som systemet ser ut idag och det andra med ett termiskt energilager i form av en ackumulatortank inkluderat. Simuleringssvaren gav en uppskattning av hur mycket effekt en ny produktionsenhet behöver kunna producera för att nå ett eftersökt mål. Dessa visade på att en ny produktionsenhet med en effekt av minst 10.50 MW är nödvändigt. Vidare så indikerade resultaten att installation av ett sådant energilager med den valda styrningen inte reducerar effektmagnituden hos en ny produktionsenhet. De visade dock på att införande av energilagret kan medföra en reduktion i antalet effektsvängningar som förekommer i systemet. Beroende på övrig konfiguration så minskades förekomsten av antalet effektsvängningar mellan 0.2 till 25.5 procent med ett energilager av den minsta undersökta volymen infört.
District heating in Sweden is a well established way of delivering heat for both industrial and private applications. With the next generation of district heating on the doorstep, changes of existing district heating networks may become a regular occurrence. Despite the fact that these kinds of reconstructions are not quite applicable yet, refurbishments of existing district heating networks are still sometimes necessary in order to deal with new prerequisites that may appear. In order to achieve a good estimation of what these new prerequisites will require and possibly cost, the usage of tools such as models for simulation are valuable. This study has evaluated a future increase of power demand and the subsequent expansion of the produced heat concerning the district heating network located in the city of Malå. The evaluation was carried forth by establishment of a simulation model which was based on present literature. Empirical data was used both as input and for error estimation. Two hypothetical scenarios were examined in which the power demand of an industrial customer is assumed to be doubled. The first represented the system as it is defined presently, while the other introduced a tank thermal energy storage to the system. The results of the simulation yielded an estimate of how much heat a new plant needs to produce in order to attain a set goal. These suggested that the necessary heat production in the new plant needs to be at least 10.50 MW. Furthermore, the results indicated that the inclusion of a thermal energy storage of this kind and with the defined priorities will not reduce the required size of a new production plant. However, they did indicate that the defined thermal energy storage may contribute to a reduction in the number of power fluctuations occurring in the system. Depending on other configurations, the frequency of the power fluctuations were reduced between 0.2 to 25.5 percent with the inlcusion of the smallest examined thermal energy storage.

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Kelly, Liam. "Probabilistic modelling of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle impacts on distribution networks in British Columbia." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1702.

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Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) represent a promising future direction for the personal transportation sector in terms of decreasing the reliance on fossil fuels while simultaneously decreasing emissions. Energy used for driving is fully or partially shifted to electricity leading to lower emission rates, especially in a low carbon intensive generation mixture such as that of British Columbia’s. Despite the benefits of PHEVs for vehicle owners, care will need to be taken when integrating PHEVs into existing electrical grids. For example, there is a natural coincidence between peak electricity demand and the hours during which the majority of vehicles are parked at a residence after a daily commute. This research aims to investigate the incremental impacts to distribution networks in British Columbia imposed by the charging of PHEVs. A probabilistic model based on Monte Carlo Simulations is used to investigate the impacts of uncontrolled PHEV charging on three phase networks in the BC electricity system. A model simulating daily electricity demand is used to estimate the residential and commercial demand on a network. A PHEV operator model simulates the actions of drivers throughout a typical day in order to estimate the demand for vehicle charging imposed on networks. A load flow algorithm is used to solve three phase networks for voltage, current and line losses. Representative three phase networks are investigated typical of suburban, urban and rural networks. Scenarios of increasing PHEV penetration on the network and technological advancement are considered in the absence of vehicle charging control. The results are analyzed in terms of three main categories of impacts: network demands, network voltage levels and secondary transformer overloading. In all of the networks, the PHEV charging adds a large amount of demand to the daily peak period. The increase in peak demand due to PHEV charging increases at a higher rate than the increase in energy supplied to the network as a result of vehicles charging at 240V outlets. No significant voltage drop or voltage unbalance problems occur on any of the networks investigated. Secondary transformer overloading rates are highest on the suburban network. PHEVs can also contribute to loss of transformer life specifically for transformers that are overloaded in the absence of PHEV charging. For the majority of feeders, uncontrolled PHEV charging should not pose significant problems in the near term. Recommendations are made for future studies and possible methods for mitigating the impacts.

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Книги з теми "Plug Flow Modelling"

Ramsay, J. An investigation into the efficacy of the modelling of chemical reaction engineering systems in plug flow tubular reactorsby the use of reaction extents as compared with the conventional method based on species concentrations. Bradford: School of Control Engineering, 1988.

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EURASAP International Workshop on Wind and Water Tunnel Modelling of Atmospheric Flow and Dispersion (6th 1993 Aso, Japan). 6th EURASAP International Workshop on Wind and Water Tunnel Modelling of Atmospheric Flow and Dispersion: Aso, Japan, 25-27 August 1993, plus regular papers. Oxford: Pergamon, 1996.

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Частини книг з теми "Plug Flow Modelling"

Larrarte, Frédérique, Mathieu Lepot, Francois H. L. R. Clemens-Meyer, Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski, Damjan Ivetić, Dusan Prodanović, and Bram Stegeman. "Water level and discharge measurements." In Metrology in Urban Drainage and Stormwater Management: Plug and Pray, 35–104. IWA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789060119_0035.

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Abstract The knowledge of water levels and discharges in urban drainage and stormwater management (UDSM) systems is of key importance to understand their functioning and processes, to evaluate their performance, and to provide data for modelling. In this chapter, devoted mainly to underground combined and separate sewer pipe systems, various methods and technologies are described and discussed. After an introduction to important aspects to deal with when measuring discharges in sewer systems, the following parts are presented successively: (i) measurement of water level with rulers, and pressure, ultrasonic and radar sensors, (ii) measurement of flow velocity with ultrasonic, Doppler, velocity profiler, free surface, and electromagnetic sensors, (iii) direct measurement of discharge with pre-calibrated devices, physical scale models, computational fluid dynamics modelling and use of pumping stations, and (iv) detection and/or measurement of infiltration into and exfiltration from sewers, with flow or pressure measurements, tracer experiments, distributed temperature sensing and geophysical methods.

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Gogulancea, Valentina, and Vasile Lavric. "Plug Flow vs. Discontinuous Modelling Approaches for Plasma – Based Depollution of Exhausts." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 469–74. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63456-6.50079-x.

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Xu, Xun. "Integration Based on STEP Standards." In Integrating Advanced Computer-Aided Design, Manufacturing, and Numerical Control, 246–65. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-714-0.ch011.

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The integration model (Model B) as discussed in the previous chapter makes use of exchangeable neutral data formats such as IGES (1980). Neutral data formats provide a middle tier to connect CAD and CAM systems. Thus, Model B can create a collaborative manufacturing environment and make the design data exchange possible for large projects at the international level. Yet, some problems still remain. IGES was designed to exchange geometrical information only, so additional design or manufacturing information (such as feature information) within a proprietary model is ignored. During data exchange, some information may become astray during data transfer; geometry stitching or model repair is often needed. Plus, IGES is not an international standard. As previously discussed, there are also problems common to both Models A and B (Figure 10.1). Different data formats (e.g. IGES and ISO 6983-1, 1982) are used in the designto- manufacturing chain. Data loss occurs in the transaction from design to manufacturing because only low-level, step-by-step sequential machining commands are passed onto the CNC controllers, leaving the complete product model behind. Of particular significance has been the endeavour made by the International Organization for Standardization to introduce the STEP Standard (i.e. ISO 10303-1 [1994]). Major aerospace and automotive companies have proven the value of STEP through production implementations resulting in savings of US $150 million per year (Gallaher, O’Connor & Phelps, 2002, PDES, Inc. 2006). Moreover, STEP has recently been extended to cater to manufacturing data modelling and execution with an aim to fill the information gap between CAD/CAPP/CAM and CNC. The standard is informally known as STEP-compliant Numerical Control, or otherwise STEP-NC for short. It was given an ISO name of “ISO 14649: Data model for Computerized Numerical Controllers (ISO 14649-1, 2003)”, which defines the STEP-NC Application Reference Model. With STEP being extended to model manufacturing information, a new paradigm of integrated CAD/CAPP/CAM/CNC is emerging. This is illustrated in Figure 11.1. The key to this paradigm is that no data conversion is required and the data throughout the design and manufacturing chain are preserved. This chapter focuses on the use of STEP standards to support data exchange between CAD systems as well as facilitate data flow between CAD, CAPP, CAM, and CNC systems. Also discussed are the specific integration issues between CAD and CAPP, CAPP and CAM, and CAM and CNC using STEP standards. STEP-NC data model is a relatively new member in the STEP family, but it completes the entire suite of STEP standards from design to NC machining. Both Physical File Implementation Method (ISO 10303-21, 1994) and XML Implementation Method (ISO/TS 10303-18, 2004) are presented as the two popular ways of implementing STEP and STEP-NC.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Plug Flow Modelling"

Puthuparampil, Jobin, Henry Pong, and Pierre Sullivan. "Modelling and Optimization of Plug Flow Mufflers in Emission Control Systems." In Noise and Vibration Conference and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-1782.

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Vojtesek, Jiri, Lubos Spacek, and Frantisek Gazdos. "Control Of Temperature Inside Plug-Flow Tubular Chemical Reactor Using 1DOF And 2DOF Adaptive Controllers." In 32nd Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2018-0239.

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Zambrano, Jesús, Bengt Carlsson, Stefan Diehl, and Emma Nehrenheim. "A Simpli?ed Model of an Activated Sludge Process with a Plug-Flow Reactor." In Proceedings of The 9th EUROSIM Congress on Modelling and Simulation, EUROSIM 2016, The 57th SIMS Conference on Simulation and Modelling SIMS 2016. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp17142824.

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Vogl, Anastasia, Nile Waldal, Parisa Sarmadi, Adam Fershtman, Rodrigo S. Mitishita, and Ian A. Frigaard. "Plug Cementing Stability." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-79290.

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Abstract Off bottom plugs are set in both well drilling (kick-off plugs) and in well decommissioning (abandonment plugs). In both cases a dense fluid (cement slurry) is placed over less dense well-bore fluids. In the case of kick-off plugs, viscous pills are commonly used, which can help stabilize this mechanically unstable situation. Abandonment plugs however are often set on top of the freshwater that is used to clean the well prior to abandonment. This is the current practice for many wells in Northwestern Canada. It is a mystery how such cement plugs are able to stay in place for a time sufficient for the cement to thicken and hydrate, but field evidence suggests they do. In this paper we explore the mechanically unstable scenario of a heavy yield-stress fluid placed on top of a less dense Newtonian fluid in a cylindrical pipe, dimensionally scaled to represent an off-bottom plug. We present details of the experimental setup and its calibration. We then explore the buoyancy-driven exchange flows that occur in transitional parametric regimes between flow and no-flow states, by using both computer modelling and physical experimentation. 3D numerical simulation, using a Volume of fluid method, is carried out to capture the interface between the fluids. The 3D model provides us with a more detailed analysis of the concentration and velocity profiles, along with comparisons to snapshots of the experimental results. The aim is to explore the phenomenology of these unstable flows and be able to estimate timescales of the destabilization. Preliminary results are presented.

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Westgate, Z. J., L. Tapper, B. M. Lehane, and C. Gaudin. "Modelling the Installation of Stiffened Caissons in Overconsolidated Clay." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79125.

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Design of suction caissons for installation in overconsolidated clay presents several geotechnical engineering challenges. These include (i) predicting the installation resistance and required ‘suction’ pressure, (ii) ensuring adequate skirt length to account for vertical plug heave, and (iii) accommodating the structural engineering stiffening requirements and their effects on the penetration resistance and plug heave. A suite of centrifuge tests in overconsolidated kaolin clay was carried out to investigate the effects of stiffener geometry on penetration resistance during direct jacking and suction installation. Three caisson geometries were compared: caissons with (i) no stiffeners, (ii) horizontal stiffeners only and (iii) both vertical and horizontal stiffeners. Results show negligible differences in penetration resistance between jacked and suction installation for each caisson type. The magnitude of soil heave within the caisson is seen to be highly dependent on the level of applied suction as well as on the volume of the stiffeners. Observations during and following testing indicated that minimal flow-round of the overconsolidated clay occurred for skirts with horizontal stiffeners. These included (i) linear penetration resistance profiles following penetration of the lowest horizontal stiffener, (ii) a wedge of clay observed only below the lowest horizontal stiffener following extraction, and (iii) unsupported plug heave heights following penetration. A comparison of measured data with back-calculated resistance factors suggests that current design methods adequately predict the measured penetration resistance assuming zero flow-round conditions, implying additional end bearing of the upper horizontal stiffener during penetration was negligible.

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Kumar, Ashwin, Blaine Hugger, and Joseph W. Meadows. "Modelling of High-Pressure Combustion Rig with After-Burner and Supersonic Nozzle using Plug Flow Reactor Network Model." In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3893.

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Adilov, Ravan, Ravana Karimova, and Javid Aliyev. "Interventions in High Cross-Flow / Auto Gas Lift Well in Chirag Field, Caspian Region." In SPE/ICoTA Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212929-ms.

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Abstract This paper presents the intervention activities performed under high crossflow conditions in Chirag Auto Gas Lift (In-situ GL/Natural GL) completion design where crossflow between the reservoir zones posed a major challenge. Auto Gas Lift design was installed on a few selected wells of the Chirag field due to a lack of conventional gas-lift equipment, compressors, and pipelines. When Auto gas lift wells are shut in, crossflow occurs between the high-pressure gas-bearing zone used to lift the oil and the lower- pressured oil-bearing reservoir zone. The amount of crossflow is controlled by installing a choke (gas lift valve) across the gas bearing zone. On well A completed in August 2020, an oversize Gas Lift Valve was installed which created suboptimal flowing conditions, production deferrals and severe crossflow during shut-in. An intervention activity was carried out to replace the oversized valve in this severe crossflow condition. Installation of a plug was necessary to stop the cross-flow during the valve change-out operation but proved to be very challenging because the force from the crossflow - a rushing mixture of gas/sand - would be pushing against the cross-sectional area of any tool that is to be RIH. This paper describes the multiple options that can be worked out via modelling to define the optimal approach for successful intervention operations in high crossflow environments. The rate of cross-flow in the well can limit well intervention options. Due to piston force created by cross- flow, conventional methods of reservoir isolation are not always feasible, hence deployment method needs to be thoroughly analyzed during job planning. Several ways of reservoir isolation methods – utilizing slickline or e-line methodology have been cross-checked through rigorous modelling and collaboration with the contractors. This modelling revealed that well A crossflow conditions exceeded the safe operating limits of the Slickline wire and would introduce significant damages to the e-line wire due to the build-up piston force on the plug as it expands. After a few iterations, the optimized solution was identified as having an anchor that would be set before the plug and allow the passage of the gas flow through it. This intervention activity was carried out successfully on Well A as a result of the mutual efforts of all partners. The article also discusses the option of killing the well as a last resort to proceed with a required intervention job.

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O’Loughlin, Conleth, Christophe Gaudin, Matthew Quah, and Michael Perry. "Centrifuge Modelling of a Novel Skirted Spudcan for Penetration in Layered Soil." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96541.

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Abstract This paper reports on a series of centrifuge tests to investigate the feasibility and performance of a novel spudcan foundation design featuring a peripheral skirt with side openings. The ‘skirted spudcan’, designed and patented by Keppel, is particularly beneficial in layered seabeds with a clay layer overlaying sand. The purpose of the side openings is to enable the clay trapped within the spudcan skirt to flow outside the skirt, so the skirt can penetrate into the sand and develop the required fixities against combined vertical, horizontal and moment loading. The centrifuge tests considered different skirted spudcan designs, each 10 m in diameter, but with a skirt length of either 1.38 m or 2.76 m, two spudcan invert shapes and various configurations of side and top openings. The model skirted spudcans were penetrated into a soil sample featuring a clay layer 6 m thick (in prototype scale) with an average undrained shear strength of about 15 kPa, overlaying a silica sand layer with a relative density of about 40%. The skirted spudcan embedded the sand layer by more than the skirt height at the maximum penetration resistance of about 4 MPa. However, examination of the model after retrieval demonstrated that a clay layer remained inside the skirt, despite the openings on the side of the skirt. The comparison between the eight tests demonstrated that the thickness of the clay plug reduces with the strength of the soil and with the size of the openings. Large horizontal openings located at the top of the skirt were shown to generate the lowest plug thickness and the largest skirt embedment into the sand. Somehow surprisingly, the addition of top openings (in addition of side openings) does not have beneficial effects. In general, the results demonstrated the efficiency of the skirted spudcan with side openings concept. Although the clay plug inside the skirt compartment was only partially expelled, significant skirt embedment into the sand layer (and hence high fixities) could be achieved. The high compressive stresses within the residual clay plug should limit concerns about potential rocking of the spudcan when clay remains trapped within the skirt compartment.

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Chen, Ming, and Karen Schirmer. "A Modelling Approach to the Design Optimization of Catalytic Converters of I.C. Engines." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine and Rail Transportation Divisions Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2003-0729.

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In this paper, a modelling approach to the design optimization of catalytic converters is presented. The first step of the optimization is the model-assisted sizing of catalysts. For a given inlet exhaust condition, a semi-empirical, experimentally calibrated, 0-D steady state catalyst model is employed to sort through a data base of catalysts under given restraints, yielding few successful candidates. Following this screening process, a 1-D transient plug-flow catalyst model is used to analyze the species concentrations and the temperature variation across the catalyst. The second step deals with the flow optimization of the catalyst converter under the given geometric restraints. A commercially available CFD package is employed to simulate isothermal flow and to evaluate flow uniformity characteristics in the catalytic converter. The substrate is modelled as porous media, where viscous and initial resistances are specified via empirical formula. With the help of the CFD tool, the flow in the converter can be optimized using appropriate boundary layer control methods. In a specific example, the effects of perforated plate on the flow separation in a wide-angle diffuser are demonstrated. This paper also addresses the issue of flow resistance of perforated plates.

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Le Toux, Vincent, Stéphanie Harchambois, Geoffrey Guindeuil, Romain Vivet, François-Xavier Pasquet, Guillaume Tosi, Thierry Palermo, Gilbert Herrera, and Christophe T'Joen. "CFD Modelling of an Electrically Trace Heated Blanket." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95493.

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Abstract The Electrically Trace Heated Blanket (ETH-Blanket) is a new offshore intervention/remediation system currently in development by TechnipFMC for the efficient remediation of plugs due to hydrates or wax in subsea production and injection flowlines. The ETH-Blanket consists of a network of heating cables placed underneath an insulation layer which is laid onto the seabed above the plugged flowline. By applying electrical power to the cables, heat is generated by Joule effect which warms up the flowline content until hydrate dissociation or wax plug remediation through softening or complete melting. As part of a Joint Industry Project (JIP) between TechnipFMC, Shell and Total, full-scale thermal testing of an ETH-Blanket prototype was carried out in Artelia facilities (Grenoble, France). This testing was performed to verify the capability of the ETH-Blanket system to increase the temperature of the fluid inside a pipe sample above a target temperature (hydrate dissociation temperature or wax disappearance temperature) for various conditions. The impact of lateral misalignment of the ETH-blanket on the pipe and of the pipe burial depth were studied. Moreover, the tests were carried out on two pipe samples, with different designs and insulation properties. CFD models of the test set-up have been built to replicate the thermal behaviour of the ETH-Blanket prototype. Once validated against the test results, the final aim of CFD modelling is to be able to calculate the performances of the system in real subsea conditions. The modelling of the prototype includes a 3D geometry of the system including the soil, natural convection of water between the ETH-blanket and the pipe sample and natural convection of fluid in the pipe sample. The present paper focuses on the CFD work performed to match the full-scale thermal test results and to predict the ETH-Blanket performances for real subsea operating conditions. It will describe the various CFD models used, the sensitivities and findings in terms of local and global heat transfer and flow effects and the comparison to the experimental data.

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Bédard, K., A. Marsh, M. Hillier, and Y. Music. 3D geological model of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in Saskatchewan, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331747.

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The Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) covers a large part of southern Saskatchewan and hosts many resources such as critical mineral deposits (i.e. potash, helium and lithium) as well as oil and gas reservoirs and is also targeted for deep CO2 storage projects. There is also growing interest in the groundwater resources, the geothermal potential and hydrogen recovery potential. These applications require knowledge of the subsurface geology such as formation thickness and depth, relationships with adjacent formations or unconformities and ultimately, distribution of physical properties within the basin. 3D geological models can provide this knowledge since they characterize the geometry of subsurface geological features. In addition, they can be used as a framework for fluid flow simulation and estimating the distribution a variety of properties. The 3D geological model presented in this report consists of 51 geological units of which, 49 are stratigraphic units spanning from Cambrian Deadwood Formation at the base of the sequence to Upper Cretaceous Belly River Formation at the top, plus the undivided Precambrian and a preliminary Quaternary unit. The model is cut by 7 major regional unconformities, including the base of the Quaternary sediments. The regional model was constrained using oil and gas well data interpretations, provincial scale bedrock geology maps and knowledge from the previously interpreted areal extent of the Phanerozoic strata. A hybrid explicit-implicit modelling approach was employed to produce the 3D geological model of the WCSB in Saskatchewan using Gocad/SKUATM geomodelling software.

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