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1
Ravaja, Niklas, Timo Saari, Marko Turpeinen, Jari Laarni, Mikko Salminen, and Matias Kivikangas. "Spatial Presence and Emotions during Video Game Playing: Does It Matter with Whom You Play?" Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 15, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.15.4.381.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The authors examined whether the nature of the opponent (computer, friend, or stranger) influences spatial presence, emotional responses, and threat and challenge appraisals when playing video games. In a within-subjects design, participants played two different video games against a computer, a friend, and a stranger. In addition to self-report ratings, cardiac interbeat intervals (IBIs) and facial electromyography (EMG) were measured to index physiological arousal and emotional valence. When compared to playing against a computer, playing against another human elicited higher spatial presence, engagement, anticipated threat, post-game challenge appraisals, and physiological arousal, as well as more positively valenced emotional responses. In addition, playing against a friend elicited greater spatial presence, engagement, and self-reported and physiological arousal, as well as more positively valenced facial EMG responses, compared to playing against a stranger. The nature of the opponent influences spatial presence when playing video games, possibly through the mediating influence on arousal and attentional processes.
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Ordóñez, Lucía Martínez, and Jörg Schimmelpfennig. "The War against the Taliban." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 6, no. 3 (July 2015): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2015070102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Operation Enduring Freedom was hampered by a chronic shortage of attack helicopters available to ISAF forces in Afghanistan. Tactical operations into Taliban-held territory were launched even though close air support capable of dealing with “danger close” situations could not be assigned in advance. It led to significant ISAF casualties if the Taliban decided to fight back rather than withdraw. Departing from a Clausewitz-style, i.e. second-mover advantage, mixed-strategy equilibrium and taking account of the “Irregular Warfare” nature of the pay-offs, the paper looks into the existence of strategic moves. In particular, as playing a mixed strategy if rotary wing air support is unavailable merely incentivises a more aggressive Taliban response to any kind of operation due to the information asymmetry, it is argued that by moving away from the mixed-strategy equilibrium ISAF casualties in properly supported operations could be reduced, thus handing a first-mover advantage to ISAF.
3
Nybakken, Tone, and Coral Falco. "Activity Level and Nature of Practice and Play in Children’s Football." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 4598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084598.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study analyzes the activity level and nature of organized football training (deliberate practice, DPR), compared with when children play football on their own (deliberate play, DPL), in a sample of selected (YT) and non-selected (BT) talents. A total of 29 observations were analyzed over 2650 min, focusing on the kind of activity, variability, and intensity of the training. In DPL, there are more finishing on goal, involvement, and challenges in 1:1 situation, and more ball touches and ball transport in games, compared with DPR. Additionally, DPL has more activity time (68% vs. 56%) and fewer breaks overall (32% vs. 44%). In DPL, children spend more time playing against each other (92% vs. 36%), and most of the time there are games or finishing on goal. In DPR, children spend more time playing together with someone (2% vs. 44%) and in passing and receiving the ball. DPR training contains more standardized exercises and protected situations. DPR-YT training differs from DPR-BT training with less activity time, ball touches, attempts on goal, and 1:1 situations. In conclusion, the results support DPL providing more football-specific activity. More DPR training at the expense of DPL might reduce practice time for skill development.
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Lebacqz, Karen. "Cult books revisited." Theology 120, no. 6 (October 19, 2017): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x17719655.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Fabricated Man, Paul Ramsey railed against humans ‘playing God’, argued that our embodied nature sets limits on what we may ethically do and established covenant fidelity as a basis for bioethics. Subsequent works in the field have been constrained to respond to his challenges and perspective. This essay notes seven major themes that continue to influence the field of bioethics.
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RABEY, DAVID IAN. "Two Against Nature: Rehearsing and Performing Howard Barker's Production of his Play The Twelfth Battle of Isonzo." Theatre Research International 30, no. 2 (July 2005): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883305001173.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The English dramatist/director Howard Barker has, through a unique combination of style, content, theoretical argument and mise-en-scène, persistently countered conventional presumptions and propositions of the supposedly ‘natural’ diminutions or ‘inevitable’ restrictions whereby one might think, feel, speak, act, love and exist. His work offers a purposefully anti-naturalistic expansion of vocabulary: of language, terms of experience, scenic and physical expression, and being. This article presents an actor's account of preparing and playing a role, under Barker's direction, in a two-hander play, and offers a reading of the play's strategic dynamics based on these experiences, and of the characters' uses of self-conscious performances in order to sustain and subvert artifice, with references to Greenblatt's theories of theatrical charisma and eroticism, and Baudrillard's theories of seduction.
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Soares de Melo, Itamar, Angela Maria Montes Peral Valente, Vanessa Nessner Kavamura, Elke Simoni Dias Vilela, and Jane Louise Faull. "Mycoparasitic nature of Bionectria sp. strain 6.21." Journal of Plant Protection Research 54, no. 4 (December 30, 2014): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2014-0049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In this study, a Bionectria sp. strain isolated from citrus rhizosphere was evaluated for its potential in inhibiting the growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum. It was demonstrated that Bionectria sp. 6.21 inhibited the growth of P. aphanidermatum and R. solani. In dual cultures, however, the antagonist only parasitised R. solani. Regarding the assay involving P. aphanidermatum, a lack of mycoparasitic ability was demonstrated. Crude extract of Bionectria completely inhibited the mycelial growth of both fungi. It appears that the main mechanism involved in the antagonism of Pythium by Bionectria is through antibiotic production. The antagonistic fungus released extracellular secondary metabolites. The metabolites were found to be inhibitory to both plant pathogenic fungi. From the crude extract, eleven fractions were obtained and tested for their antifungal properties. Two of them showed very strong activity against P. aphanidermatum. The obtained results indicated that this biocontrol agent has both antibiotic and mycoparasitic properties. On the other hand, evidence obtained from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) suggests the involvement of an enzymatic process, with enzymatic digestion playing a major role in the parasitism of Bionectria sp. 6.21. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that mainly due to mycoparasitism, this strain has the potential to become a good candidate for biological control.
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Fassone, Ricardo. "This is video game play: video games, authority and metacommunication." Comunicação e Sociedade 27 (June 29, 2015): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.27(2015).2088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gregory Bateson claims that all play acts should be primarily understood as meta-communicative. In other words, playing a game implies being able to transmit and receive the meta-message ‘this is play’, which establishes a psychological frame among the players. I will propose a radical reading of Bateson’s theory in the context of video games; specifically, I will attempt at analysing the characteristics, specificities and implications of the message ‘this is video game play’. I will contend that the specific language through which video games convey this message is that of their rules, the inescapable limitations posed by their computational and digital nature. In other words, playing a video game is always, at least to a degree, playing a game of meta-communication with, against and around a video game’s hard-coded rules. Finally, I will propose a close reading of the game Papers, Please and contend that Pope’s work engages in a significant reading of the inherent reflexivity of video games, deliberately portraying their authoritative nature and communicative potential.
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Green, Andrew, and Roger Dalrymple. "Playing at Murder: The Collaborative Works of the Detection Club." Crime Fiction Studies 2, no. 1 (March 2021): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cfs.2021.0034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper explores the inter-war collaborative works of the Detection Club as a source of commentary and insight on the ludic and dialogic nature of Golden Age detective fiction. Less well known than the single-authored works of Detection Club members, the multi-authored Behind the Screen, The Scoop, The Floating Admiral, Ask a Policeman and Six Against the Yard capitalise upon the genre's capacity for intertextual play and self-conscious engagements with literary formula and convention. By adopting a range of collaborative approaches and working in different combinations, the joint authors (including Berkeley, Christie, Crofts, and Sayers) construct playful textual ‘spaces’ that foreground gameplay and dialogism as key dynamics in the writing and reception of detection fiction. The discussion deals with the texts and their games in two groupings, showing the appositeness of Barthes' notion of the ‘writerly text’ and Bruner's concept of subjunctivity to the first grouping, and of Bakhtinian dialogism and ‘carnival’ to the second. Attention is thus drawn to the richness of these texts as a source of commentary and illustration of the signature playful dynamic of Golden Age detective fiction.
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Williams, D. D. R., and Jane Garner. "The case against ‘the evidence’: A different perspective on evidence-based medicine." British Journal of Psychiatry 180, no. 1 (January 2002): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.180.1.8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundAn evidenced-based approach to psychiatry is playing an increasingly prominent role in treatment decision-making for individual patients and for populations. Many doctors are now critical of the emphasis being placed on ‘the evidence’ and concerned that clinical practice will become more constrained.AimsTo demonstrate that evidence-based medicine is not new, sources of evidence are limited and psychosocial aspects of medicine are neglected in this process.MethodSome of the literature is reviewed. Ideas and arguments are synthesised into a critical commentary.ResultsThese are considered under four headings: evidence-based medicine is not new; what evidence is acceptable; the doctor as therapist; and the emergence of a new utilitarian orthodoxy.ConclusionsIt is agreed that a degree of professional consensus is necessary. However, too great an emphasis on evidence-based medicine oversimplifies the complex and interpersonal nature of clinical care.
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O’Brien, Julia. "The Equity of Levelling the Playing Field in the Climate Change Context." Journal of World Trade 43, Issue 5 (October 1, 2009): 1093–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2009043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most countries contemplating the introduction or maintenance of domestic carbon reduction policies in response to the climate change challenge are facing considerable political pressure to offset the economic burden of such action on their domestic constituencies. This paper examines the World Trade Organization (WTO) consistency of a potential unilateral introduction of a carbon tax on imports to address perceived trade competitiveness concerns. The nature of the tax examined would aim to charge imported goods the equivalent of what their producers would have had to pay if the goods had been produced in the importing country. This paper argues that attempting to ‘level the playing field’ by imposing a carbon tax on imports from countries with less stringent multilateral carbon reduction obligations would be contrary to the international recognition of ‘common but differentiated responsibility’ for climate change. By taking into account this principle in particular, reflected in the UN Climate Change Convention, a WTO panel may find in favour of a complainant against such a carbon tax under Article III of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994 and also find that the measure is not justified under Article XX.
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Kutluieva, D. V. "Under the sign of playing: C. M. Weber’s Piano Quartet." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 56, no. 56 (July 10, 2020): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-56.07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. A play principle is one of the essential properties of the artistic worldview and creative thinking of C. M. Weber. Declaring itself in works of different genres, it takes on many different shades, speaking in the form of comic, ironic, characteristic and carnival. In the instrumental opuses by the composer, the play aspect appears in complex of texture, articulation, intonation and thematic, dynamic and formative techniques that lead to immediate visual and theatrical associations. Expression of play principles in this genre sphere can be considered, on the one hand, as various types of ensemble dialogue, and on the other hand, as virtuosity, producing aesthetic pleasure and sincere joy. The Piano Quartet by the composer, a typical example of the instrumental and play beginnings in the work by C. M. Weber, is a part of repertoires of many ensembles, but it has not yet become an object of serious scientific interest. The question of the historical and stylistic affiliation of C. M. Weber is debatable, as evidenced by significant differences in the views of scientists on this issue. Some of them, as La Mara (1886), R. Teryokhin (1983), R. Mizitova (1999), see him as the custodian of the Viennese classical tradition, focusing on “mozartianism” of C. M. Weber, others, as J. Warrack (1976) and B. Smallman (1994), considered him as one of the pioneers of romanticism. The former notes the improvisational nature of the emergence of the quartet cycle, the latter ‒ the elegance of writing and the unusual form of the last part, which served as a model for creating the finale of instrumental opuses for subsequent romantic composers. The pianistic texture by C. M. Weber as reflection of the virtuosoromantic direction is described in the works of N. Kashkadamova (2006) and O. Skorbyaschenskaya (1993). The aforementioned works also note the unusual form-making of the composer and the fantasy nature of his Minuets-Scherzo, that anticipate the experiments of F. Mendelssohn and other romantic composers. I. Karachevtseva (2015: 24) takes a special position toward the work by C. M. Weber acknowledging it as “the quintessence of a new artistic and stylistic quality that defines the boundary between two historical eras”. Objectives. The purpose of this article is to identify the genre, dramatic and the shaping characteristics of the Piano Quartet by C. M. Weber as a manifestation of play logic. Results. The play principle is manifested at all levels of the text of Weber’s work: genre, compositional, dramatic, thematic. C. M. Weber does not resort to the typical of classical piano ensembles three-part cycle, but to the four-part, placing Minuet between Adagio and the Finale. In our opinion, the inclusion of the Minuet in the sonata cycle is due to the theatrical and playful mindset of C. M. Weber. This assumption is corroborated by the nature of the dramatic logic of the Piano Quartet cycle, where in each part the listener (including the performer) something unusual, captivating and witty lies in wait. Playful interest in the movement’s intrigue extends even to Adagio, which by its nature is less likely to surprise. The entire first section of this part is built of short statements, changes in the types of movement, rhythmic pulsation, contradicting dynamic shades, and ultimately figurative details, as a result of which instead of a holistic meditative theme, a dynamic, instrumental “mise-en-scene” arises. Equally fractional is the main part of the sonata Allegro, where the delicate phrase of the solo piano is suddenly interrupted by the irritated intonation of the sf and ff trills, and the exhorting statement of the string trio makes the piano to have second thoughts. We observe the play logic of the event canvas as the piano and string trio are endowed with their own thematicism, “personified”. The Minuet is unexpected in a minor modus (g-moll) in the context of a major composition (B-dur), the rapid change of textural-thematic units, and the simplicity of the trio theme ‒ in the spirit of rural German dances, contrasting the blasting extreme parts. The final rondo (Presto) plunges into a whirlpool of refrains and episodes, creating the impression of carnival fuss and kindling the listener’s “interest in continuation”, and the multipart composition turns into a comparison of musical “scenes”, anticipating the principles of constructing miniature cycles of R. Schumann. Conclusions. The thematic plethora of the Piano Quartet by C. M. Weber, a totally dynamic character, the violation of the classical linearity and predictability of the plot provide the author with a gargantuan opportunity of ensemble dispositions. The composer follows to the parity of communicants achieved by W. A. Mozart in his piano quartets, grouping them into various combinations. Among them, there are a dialogue of the piano and string trio, a melodic communication of the strings against the background of the figured movement of the piano, the solo of the string instrument against the background of keyboard chords, as well as the pianos’ solo in the context of dialogue at the composition level. Thus, assigning primary importance to the play principle, C. M. Weber signifies a universal factor in creating stylistic harmony, which covers figurativelythematic, compositional, ensemble spheres. In structuring of the cycle and its individual parts, in the course of the music-event process, in the art of ensemble writing, the composer showed his mastery creating the “second reality” that merges with play in its intrinsic value.
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Abdullah, Mukrimah, Mohd Parid Mamat, Abang Ahmad Abang Morni, Thanlany Kamri, and Lim Hin Fui. "THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF REHABILITATION OF SELABAT MUDFLATS NATURE RESERVE, KUCHING, SARAWAK." Malaysian Journal of Geosciences 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/mjg.01.2020.19.21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Coastal erosion is a concern to coastline management, and it affects the socio-economic well-being of local communities. The rehabilitation of Selabat Mudflats Nature Reserve (SMNR) in Sarawak is one of the most impressive achievements of the “Mangrove and Suitable Tree Species Planting at the National Coastline Program” implemented by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (NRE). The rehabilitation efforts began in 2009, where 20 hectares of Rhizophora mucronata were planted and followed by an additional 1.7 hectares of Casuarina equisetifolia. Previously, this area was a sandy coastline where coastal erosion occurred every year causing local loss of land and properties. However, through conservation and rehabilitation efforts, this area was restored and is now able to generate more income for local communities as well as playing a protective role against coastal erosion caused by coastal waves and strong winds. In 2016, this study was conducted to assess the economic impacts of SMNR rehabilitation. The findings from a sample of 42 households showed that the income generated for local communities around SMNR amounted to RM250, 320 per month or RM3, 003,840 per year. A non-user survey of 401 samples was also conducted, using Contingent Valuation Method to estimate the economic value of SMNR rehabilitation. The result showed the economic value of rehabilitation of SMNR was RM39 million for the year 2016 or RM195, 980 per hectare. These findings showed that the function of rehabilitation and conservation of mangroves forests against coastal erosion brings positive economic impacts. Rehabilitation and conservation of mangrove areas in Malaysia should be given more attention as global warming and rising sea level are going to have negative impacts on coastal settlements. Wise decision-making in the utilisation and allocation of limited resources is important particularly in the context of conflict between conservation and other development that led to its destruction.
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Shahen, Md Abu. "The Prevalence of Child Vulnerability and Its Nature: An Analytical Study on Bangladesh Perspective." International Journal of Qualitative Research 1, no. 1 (July 14, 2021): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijqr.v1i1.294.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Child vulnerability refers to the conditions where children have not the ability to protect themselves from harassment, maltreatment, and malnutrition which could weaken. This study has tried to reveal the prevalence and the nature of child vulnerability in Bangladesh, and the root causes of child vulnerability have also been explored and debated and discussed throughout the article. However, the study is narrative and qualitative in the manner and secondary data have been used to develop and support the arguments for the study. As findings, the study has also found that children are at great risks due to some notable reasons, such as excessive academic pressure, the worst form of child labor in the working place, disability, child trafficking, and natural disasters which led them to be victimized with maltreatment and malnutrition which is more prevalent in the rural and urban slum areas. Moreover, climate change and disasters have been playing an adverse role to increase the prevalence of children's vulnerability in Bangladesh. In conclusion, the study suggests that decision-makers and policymakers need to be more conscious and responsible to revise the existing legal frameworks and their effective implementation for the protection of children against vulnerability.
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Shahen, Md Abu. "The Prevalence of Child Vulnerability and Its Nature: An Analytical Study on Bangladesh Perspective." Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS) 1, no. 3 (October 26, 2021): 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijias.v1i3.289.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Child vulnerability refers to the conditions where children have not the ability to protect them from harassment, maltreatment, and malnutrition which could them weakens. This study has tried to reveal the prevalence and the nature of child vulnerability in Bangladesh, and the root causes of child vulnerability have also been explored and debated, and discussed throughout the article. However, the study is narrative and qualitative in the manner and secondary data have been used to develop and support the arguments for the study. As findings, the study has also found that children are at great risks due to some notable reasons, such as excessive academic pressure, the worst form of child labor in the working place, disability, child trafficking, and natural disasters which led them to be victimized with maltreatment and malnutrition which is more prevalent in the rural and urban slum areas. Moreover, climate change and disasters have been playing an adverse role to increase the prevalence of children's vulnerability in Bangladesh. In conclusion, the study suggests that decision-makers and policymakers need to be more conscious and responsible to revise the existing legal frameworks and their effective implementation for the protection of children against vulnerability.
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Nielsen, Carsten Fogh. "Kant and the Practical Man." Danish Yearbook of Philosophy 50, no. 1 (November 2, 2017): 132–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24689300-05001008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Appendix to Kant’s Toward Perpetual Peace is commonly viewed as an explication of the systematic relations between political practice and normative political theory. This paper provides an alternative interpretation of Kant’s main aim in the Appendix which is to provide an argument against the so-called “practical man.” The practical man believes that human nature precludes normative political ideals from ever playing a significant role within political practice. Drawing on the 1793 text “On the common saying: That may be correct in theory, but is of no use in practice,” the paper argues that Kant’s argument against the practical man is based on a proto-phenomenological analysis of moral experience. The practical man’s attempt to describe political practice in purely non-normative terms is, Kant believes, necessarily self-undermining because it denies one of the most basic aspects of human life; the inherent and inescapable normativity of practical reason.
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Galbraith, E. C. "Kant and Erasmus." Scottish Journal of Theology 46, no. 2 (January 1993): 191–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600037686.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In a previous paper I have argued against the assumption made by much German literature at the beginning of the twentieth century, that Luther is the religious forerunner of Kant. Even though it is the Lutheran mythology that Kant is demythologizing, Luther still cannot be considered as the religious forerunner of Kant. There are two main reasons for this. First, Kant has an entirely different conception of the religious life in terms of freewill and salvation. Kant affirms freewill, Luther denies it. Kant considers good works as a prerequisite to salvation, Luther rules outworks as playing any part in the quest for salvation, since justification is by faith alone. Secondly, Kant's view of evil and human nature in general is far removed from the Lutheran conception of human depravity. Luther claims that human beings are totally corrupt, and in need of God's grace in order to become good. Kant argues that although human beings have a disposition towards evil, their underlying nature is good.
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Muralidharan, Abenaya, and St Patrick Reid. "Complex Roles of Neutrophils during Arboviral Infections." Cells 10, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061324.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Arboviruses are known to cause large-scale epidemics in many parts of the world. These arthropod-borne viruses are a large group consisting of viruses from a wide range of families. The ability of their vector to enhance viral pathogenesis and transmission makes the development of treatments against these viruses challenging. Neutrophils are generally the first leukocytes to be recruited to a site of infection, playing a major role in regulating inflammation and, as a result, viral replication and dissemination. However, the underlying mechanisms through which neutrophils control the progression of inflammation and disease remain to be fully understood. In this review, we highlight the major findings from recent years regarding the role of neutrophils during arboviral infections. We discuss the complex nature of neutrophils in mediating not only protection, but also augmenting disease pathology. Better understanding of neutrophil pathways involved in effective protection against arboviral infections can help identify potential targets for therapeutics.
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Kulesza, Monika. "Le théâtre de Madame de Maintenon: outil de soumission ou lieu d’affrontement social?" Romanica Wratislaviensia 67 (July 23, 2020): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0557-2665.67.10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conversations and Proverbes dramatiques are texts written by Madame de Maintenon with the thought of raising the girls at Saint-Cyr (moral and social education). Conversations resemble a role-playing game, while Proverbes dramatiques are short plays made up of only a few scenes. After a brief presentation of both works, I analyse the way the author presented womensʼ duty of submission and the role of plays in shaping obedient wives and mothers. Theatre is an effective means of communication of the author’s convictions, but dialogues presenting other views — even if only to argue against them — the varied nature of the plays and comical elements made the theatre of Madame de Maintenon a tool for teaching both submission and freedom.
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Ali, Asif, Hira Tahir, Barira Shafiq, Urooj Afzal Chughtai, Zohaib Hassan Khan, Zoha Ashraf, Mawra Arif, Komal Razzaq, and Bisma Arshad. "Biologically Active Compounds and Use of Medicinal Plants in Treatment of Microbial Infections, Sources, Biological Action and Cellular Action." Haya: The Saudi Journal of Life Sciences 7, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjls.2022.v07i02.007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Medicinal plants have been used with practical implementation of certain herbal great source of plant based flavonoids, antioxidants compounds. Medicinal plants were traditionally used for health care and serve as the bases for the emergence of modern medicine. They have possess the high quality of the extracts to evaluate their therapeutic efficacy for their pharmacological action. Large variety of medicinal plants have been used as aromatic purposes and hence valuate for aroma and pharmacological sectors. Medicinal plants snowed stronger binding to the proteins secreted by the parasitic worms thus inhibiting them to proliferate in the cellular tissues thus acting as main source of immunity booster to the living tissues against the dyspepsia, gastritis, hyperacidity, menorrhagia, diabetes. Saraca asoca also used as source of medicinal pant due to its to antibacterial activity because of its potential against the of multiple bacterial strains. Some of the medicinal plants acting as dual nature such as targeting the microbial proteins and peptides playing important role in the development of natural therapies. Nanoparticles based therapies can be utilized for treatment of infectious diseases.
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Brayshaw, Emily. "An ‘armour’ against anguish: Costume design considerations around protecting actors in emotionally distressing roles." Studies in Costume & Performance 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/scp_00027_7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Actors and singers frequently portray characters who experience distressing events, yet this may cause anguish for the performers themselves and require them to perform personal emotional management to cope with their own feelings during a production. This case study discusses and documents my costume design ethos and processes for the Sydney 2018 production of Clare Barron’s play, You Got Older (2015), which required the two lead actors to play characters who were experiencing profound fear, grief and loss. The design approach drew on Monks’s work on the relationship that actors have with their costumes and d’Anjou’s interpretation of Sartrean ethics within the context of a design practice. Once I had determined that the nature of my role as designer for this production would be to offer the actors emotional support through costume, I applied Woodward’s notion of comfort in everyday dress to the context of performance costume to ascertain how costume might contain a talisman and/or function as a form of psychological, ‘soft armour’ within the context of the play. Finally, this report uses Tonkinwise’s writing on ethical design alongside a semi-structured interview with the lead actor in You Got Older, Harriet Gordon-Anderson, to examine the forms that such protections took within my designs for the play and offers methodological considerations regarding designing costumes to protect and comfort performers playing emotionally distressing roles, should the actors require it.
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Schaeffer, Céline, Olivier Devuyst, and Luca Rampoldi. "Uromodulin: Roles in Health and Disease." Annual Review of Physiology 83, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 477–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-092817.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Uromodulin, a protein exclusively produced by the kidney, is the most abundant urinary protein in physiological conditions. Already described several decades ago, uromodulin has gained the spotlight in recent years, since the discovery that mutations in its encoding gene UMOD cause a renal Mendelian disease (autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease) and that common polymorphisms are associated with multifactorial disorders, such as chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, variations in uromodulin levels in urine and/or blood reflect kidney functioning mass and are of prognostic value for renal function, cardiovascular events, and overall mortality. The clinical relevance of uromodulin reflects its multifunctional nature, playing a role in renal ion transport and immunomodulation, in protection against urinary tract infections and renal stones, and possibly as a systemic antioxidant. Here, we discuss the multifaceted roles of this protein in kidney physiology and its translational relevance.
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Euler, Dimitrij. "Transparency Rules and the Mauritius Convention: A Favourable Haircut of the States Sovereignty in Investment Arbitration?" ASA Bulletin 34, Issue 2 (June 1, 2016): 355–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/asab2016030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper investigates whether the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Transparency Rules on treaty-based investor-state arbitration (Transparency Rules) increases transparency in investment arbitration fairly for all the participants. The hypothesis is that the Transparency Rules and the United Nations Convention on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-State Arbitration (Mauritius Convention), work together as a mechanism that is more favourable for the host states than for the investor, and thereby anticipate the different roles of all participants in treaty-based arbitration. Transparency brings pressure for a level playing field among disputing parties. In Detroit International Bridge Company v Government of Canada, UNCITRAL, PCA Case 2012-25, the tribunal accepted the prevalence of the in camera obligation in the procedural rules upon a general treaty obligation, and against the state’s arguments. In Philip Morris Asia Limited v The Commonwealth of Australia, UNCITRAL, PCA Case 2012-12, the tribunal accepted Australia’s need to disclose certain information under their national laws, but to exclude confidential business information as determined by the arbitral tribunal. Other decisions exist in which tribunals decide similarly. This paper explores the actual principle of equality as applied by arbitral tribunals. Thereafter, it considers the legal nature of transparency under the Transparency Rules, standing alone and in combination with the Mauritius Convention. It concludes by determining how this discretion affects the level playing field of all the participants.
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Hallaceli, Hasan. "Injuries in Wheelchair Basketball Players." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Advances in Pure and Applied Sciences, no. 8 (December 9, 2017): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjapas.v0i8.2785.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the literature, information about injury patterns, risk factors and management strategies is limited for wheelchair athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and nature of injuries in wheelchair sports participants. Demographic data, sport history, type, area, cause and story of the injury and barriers of collecting this sport information were recorded. A total of 15 individuals were included in the study. The biggest barrier to play the sport was the cost of the wheelchair. 26.6% of them had injury in the past one year and 75% of them had injuries because of muscle tears. Injuries while playing wheelchair sports are common, and mostly occurred while driving the wheelchair. Mostly their fingers are squeezed and stuck to the wheelchair. Education for prevention of injuries should be given to all the players. Protective equipment for hands should be considered to protect against injuries. Keywords: Injury, wheelchair, basketball players, wheelchair athletes
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Copeland, Lyndsey. "The anxiety of blowing: experiences of breath and brass instruments in Benin." Africa 89, no. 2 (May 2019): 353–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972019000123.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractWithin amateur musical circles in Benin, one is told that if a male blows too hard into a brass instrument his testicles might swell up, fall off, or even run away. Concerned parents warn their children against ‘blowing’ brass instruments, telling stories of inguinal hernias and infertility, and many maintain that male brass players must take preventative measures. Accompanying this unease about blowing out is a complementary concern with breathing in, and the possible inhalation of micro-organisms or poison through the mouth. Engaging with this anxiety of blowing, this article takes seriously my interlocutors’ concern with the consequences of playing brass instruments on their bodies. My main argument is that understandings of the precarious nature of breath are at the core of musicians’ experiences of anxiety. My exploration of the relation between breath, anxiety and the body supports a common phenomenology of breathing across cultures, and serves to advance breath as an important site of meaning making.
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Kidd, Stephen E. "How to Gamble in Greek: The Meaning of Kubeia." Journal of Hellenic Studies 137 (2017): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007542691700009x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractKubeia and its congeners are often translated as ‘playing dice’ or ‘dicing’ because kuboi are ‘dice’. But sometimes kubeia has nothing to do with ‘dice’ (kuboi) at all, and so ought often to be translated simply as ‘gambling’. Pollux explains the nature of the word clearly in book 7, and his position is supported by earlier authors such as Theopompus, Diphilus, Isocrates, Xenophon and Aeschines. Not only is it possible to ‘gamble’ (kubeuein) with knucklebones (astragaloi) as well as cubic dice (kuboi), it is also possible to ‘gamble’ (kubeuein) by folding leather straps, by spinning coins and by guessing about small objects hidden in the hand; it is even possible to ‘gamble’ (kubeuein) during a cock-fight. The mistaken belief that the word means ‘dicing’ has affected not only centuries of translations and interpretations, but also the editing of texts since at least the early 19th century, as is shown regarding a crux in Aeschines’ Against Timarchus.
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Maguire, Joseph. "Preliminary Observations on Globalisation and the Migration of Sport Labour." Sociological Review 42, no. 3 (August 1994): 452–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1994.tb00097.x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Focusing on sport labour migration, several broader issues regarding labour migration and globalisation are highlighted. The observations made, and the connections drawn, will be somewhat preliminary in nature. Several dimensions and issues of sport labour migration and globalisation are examined. A range of sports in different societies and across continents are also considered. This migration must be viewed as part of other global cultural flows. Discussion of these flows precedes the case study that focuses on the role of, and the resistance to, American sport labour migrants in the commodification of English basketball over the past two decades, the paper concludes by drawing together the strands of sport migration and global sport development. It's still England against Scotland, no matter who's playing, but the rivalry is born into the British lads. The Canadians tell you they're British when they get a British passport. That might be so but it doesn't make them English or Scottish. The Guardian, 29th January 1993, p. 15.
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J. Balachandran, M., and P. Sujatha. "Performance Analysis of Aes and 3des for Implementing Multi Level Authentication in Cloud Through Rest Api." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (December 9, 2018): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.24241.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Last couple of decades, internet usage has been changed each and every technology domain. This has lead to implementation and accommodation of cloud computing. As the Cloud has the nature of sharing the data, it led to various types of security attacks. Hence security mechanisms which has various features/types are needed and hence security breaches can be prevented. Authentication is one of the vital techniques playing a major role in security part. Cloud Computing verifies the identification of a user during the process of accessing the services from cloud servers. Different authentication techniques are used to verify the user’s identity before granting the access to them. This paper analyze the performance of AES and 3DES algorithms and find out the best suit for implementing multi level authentication in cloud. Based on execution time, request and response time against the concurrent user load and file size, AES is faster, more secure and safer than 3DES.
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Su, Huei-Chun, and David Colander. "THE ECONOMIST AS SCIENTIST, ENGINEER, OR PLUMBER?" Journal of the History of Economic Thought 43, no. 2 (June 2021): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837220000231.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Some well-known economists suggest that a good economist should act like an engineer, a surgeon, a dentist, or even a plumber. These metaphors are useful in helping economists reflect the nature of economics and their role in society. But which is the most sensible one? This paper argues that economists should be playing all these roles and more, because economics is not a single entity, and each entity has separate goals, methods, and boundaries. To take this multiplicity of roles into account, this paper argues that in addition to the traditional boundary that delineates the disciplinary domain of economics against other sciences, an overarching boundary between economic science and applied policy needs to be recognized. It then examines Esther Duflo’s “economist as plumber” metaphor and suggests that a better metaphor for Duflo’s purpose would be “general contractor,” a metaphor that, if accepted, would suggest radical change in training applied policy economists.
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Heath, J. Benton, Ina Popova, Justin Jacinto, Samaa Haridi, Tafadzwa Pasipanodya, and Sabina Sacco. "Litigating Health and Security Exceptions in Investment Treaties: A Simulation." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 115 (2021): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2021.138.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
J. Benton Heath introduced the topic. Essential security interests clauses have been invoked in a handful of cases, including several cases arising out of the Argentine debt crisis and the twin cases brought by Deutsche Bank and CC/Devas against India relating to satellite frequencies, with mixed outcomes and reasoning. In several treaties, these clauses also refer to public health measures, but there is little guidance on how such clauses should be interpreted or applied. Using a fictional but realistic scenario, the advocates and tribunal members—playing assigned roles—were asked to consider whether public health exceptions are self-judging, whether they deprive a tribunal of jurisdiction or go to the merits, and what showing is required for the clause to apply. The scenario also raised broader doctrinal questions about the nature of exceptions in investment treaties, their relationship with the treaty's primary obligations, and the interrelationship between security clauses and the customary international law defense of necessity.
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Kozikowska, Joanna. "Speelgoed van de slager: slachtdieren en kinderspel in de vroegmoderne Nederlandse literatuur." Neerlandica Wratislaviensia 26 (May 18, 2017): 33–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/8060-0716.26.2.
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Toys of the Butcher: Slaughter Animals and Children’s Play in Early Mod-ern Dutch LiteratureThis article discusses cultural representations of slaughter animals from the early modern period, setting them against the post-modern approach to animals. The point of departure constitutes a contemporary story about a girl eating the heart of a deer, which she has shot. Then the author moves on to a discussion of the poem ‘Kinder-spel’ 1618/1625 by the seventeenth-century Dutch poet Jacob Cats and focuses on the socio-cultural notions of humans and animals which these two texts present. When discussing the poem, the author elaborates on the symbolic meaning of two situations where children play with animal body parts — a game of knucklebones and playing with an inflated bladder. The interpretation of Cats’ text shows that the stereotypical social perceptions of slaughter animals which can be found in the early modern Dutch literature are in fact meant to offer a certain view on humans, by which their domination over the natural world and exploitation of animals is justified. The methodologies applied in this study involve the so-called ‘activist ecocriticism’ and the New Historicism, both being the reading methods, which emphasize the topicality of historical research. By placing Cats’ texts in a broad context, it is shown that the motif of children playing with animal body parts refers to early modern polemics about such issues as the relationship between the human and animal, the tension between culture and nature, as well as children and upbringing models.
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Olanrewaju Adebisi, Rufus, and Hammed Gbenga Adewale. "All-inclusiveness: The place of assistive devices for persons with disabilities in the Covid-19 pandemic era." International Journal of Childhood, Counselling and Special Education 2, no. 1 (March 2021): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31559/ccse2021.2.1.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An efficacious confrontation to the blowing-out of Covid-19 known as coronavirus have emanated to rely comprehensively on the innovation of assistive devices to flow the indispensable information about the bearing waves of a plague inducted as “Covid-19 or Corona virus”; bridge the social gap flanked by special need condition in the midst of social separation; safeguard the robustness of persons with disabilities (across the ages) during Covid-19 pandemic and ensure the “stay safe” crusade is not epitomized with ostracism. In that case, the immersion of assistive device for swiftness of all-encompassing healthy society particularly that of persons with disabilities is preordained. Whereas handling dynamism nature of persons with disabilities on the ground of equal right with their ‘abled’ counterparts calls for assistive devices. This paper explores the effect of assistive devices in making persons with disabilities evolve with their essence and existence as well as playing own quota in the fight against Covid-19 pandemic. It also describes Covid-19 in relation to persons with disabilities to set a scale of balance on multiplicity nature of human using assistive devices as mechanism for inclusion of all and sundry particularly that of persons with disabilities. Therefore, saving and securing lives and livelihoods of persons with disabilities during Covid-19 era is only achievable through uncompromising influence of assistive devices.
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Wang, Hui, Qian Xu, Chanyuan Zhao, Ziqi Zhu, Xiaoqing Zhu, Junjie Zhou, Shuming Zhang, et al. "An immune evasion mechanism with IgG4 playing an essential role in cancer and implication for immunotherapy." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, no. 2 (August 2020): e000661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-000661.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundRecent impressive advances in cancer immunotherapy have been largely derived from cellular immunity. The role of humoral immunity in carcinogenesis has been less understood. Based on our previous observations we hypothesize that an immunoglobulin subtype IgG4 plays an essential role in cancer immune evasion.MethodsThe distribution, abundance, actions, properties and possible mechanisms of IgG4 were investigated with human cancer samples and animal tumor models with an extensive array of techniques both in vitro and in vivo.ResultsIn a cohort of patients with esophageal cancer we found that IgG4-containing B lymphocytes and IgG4 concentration were significantly increased in cancer tissue and IgG4 concentrations increased in serum of patients with cancer. Both were positively related to increased cancer malignancy and poor prognoses, that is, more IgG4 appeared to associate with more aggressive cancer growth. We further found that IgG4, regardless of its antigen specificity, inhibited the classic immune reactions of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and complement-dependent cytotoxicity against cancer cells in vitro, and these effects were obtained through its Fc fragment reacting to the Fc fragments of cancer-specific IgG1 that has been bound to cancer antigens. We also found that IgG4 competed with IgG1 in reacting to Fc receptors of immune effector cells. Therefore, locally increased IgG4 in cancer microenvironment should inhibit antibody-mediated anticancer responses and help cancer to evade local immune attack and indirectly promote cancer growth. This hypothesis was verified in three different immune potent mouse models. We found that local application of IgG4 significantly accelerated growth of inoculated breast and colorectal cancers and carcinogen-induced skin papilloma. We also tested the antibody drug for cancer immunotherapy nivolumab, which was IgG4 in nature with a stabilizing S228P mutation, and found that it significantly promoted cancer growth in mice. This may provide an explanation to the newly appeared hyperprogressive disease sometimes associated with cancer immunotherapy.ConclusionThere appears to be a previously unrecognized immune evasion mechanism with IgG4 playing an essential role in cancer microenvironment with implications in cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy.
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Tzouvala, Ntina. "Chronicle of a Death Foretold? Thinking About Sovereignty, Expertise and Neoliberalism in the Light of Brexit." German Law Journal 17, S1 (July 1, 2016): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200021817.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
“The true nature of the international system under which we were living was not realised until it failed.”Karl PolanyiThe Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time (1944)There is a certain degree of irony in writing about Brexit for a law journal- a read put together, hosted and read mostly, if not exclusively, by ‘experts’. The irony lies in the fact that the outcome of the UK referendum on the EU was, amongst other things, a rejection of experts; or rather, of current mobilizations of expertize and the political allegiances of a large number of experts. Despite this irony, or precisely because of it, I will reflect on three interrelated questions that, in my mind, determined the content and outcome of this historic referendum. First, I will discuss the discourse of ‘sovereignty’ and ‘control’ at the centre of the Leave campaign. Secondly, I will focus on the role of expertize and (technocratic) knowledge both in the construction of the European project and in the revolt against it. Finally, I will argue that given neoliberal hegemony and its heavily unequal distributive outcomes, revolts against contemporary structures of power, both national and inter/supranational are to be expected. Therefore, the question for progressive lawyers is how to mobilize our expertise so that these revolts do not become the exclusive playing terrain of the extreme right with unforeseen consequences.
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Rutz, Dominik, David Frasson, Martin Sievers, Jochen Blom, Fabio Rezzonico, Joël F. Pothier, and Theo H. M. Smits. "Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Biotechnological Potential of the Novel Species Pseudomonas wadenswilerensis CCOS 864T and Pseudomonas reidholzensis CCOS 865T." Diversity 11, no. 11 (October 28, 2019): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11110204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, the use of whole-cell biocatalysts and biocatalytic enzymes in biotechnological applications originating from the genus Pseudomonas has greatly increased. In 2014, two new species within the Pseudomonas putida group were isolated from Swiss forest soil. In this study, the high quality draft genome sequences of Pseudomonas wadenswilerensis CCOS 864T and Pseudomonas reidholzensis CCOS 865T were used in a comparative genomics approach to identify genomic features that either differed between these two new species or to selected members of the P. putida group. The genomes of P. wadenswilerensis CCOS 864T and P. reidholzensis CCOS 865T were found to share genomic features for the degradation of aromatic compounds or the synthesis of secondary metabolites. In particular, genes encoding for biocatalytic relevant enzymes belonging to the class of oxidoreductases, proteases and isomerases were found, that could yield potential applications in biotechnology. Ecologically relevant features revealed that both species are probably playing an important role in the degradation of soil organic material, the accumulation of phosphate and biocontrol against plant pathogens.
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Barbosa, Alcino, Fábio A. O. Fernandes, Ricardo J. Alves de Sousa, Mariusz Ptak, and Johannes Wilhelm. "Computational Modeling of Skull Bone Structures and Simulation of Skull Fractures Using the YEAHM Head Model." Biology 9, no. 9 (September 4, 2020): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9090267.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The human head is a complex multi-layered structure of hard and soft tissues, governed by complex materials laws and interactions. Computational models of the human head have been developed over the years, reaching high levels of detail, complexity, and precision. However, most of the attention has been devoted to the brain and other intracranial structures. The skull, despite playing a major role in direct head impacts, is often overlooked and simplified. In this work, a new skull model is developed for the authors’ head model, the YEAHM, based on the original outer geometry, but segmenting it with sutures, diploë, and cortical bone, having variable thickness across different head sections and based on medical craniometric data. These structures are modeled with constitutive models that consider the non-linear behavior of skull bones and also the nature of their failure. Several validations are performed, comparing the simulation results with experimental results available in the literature at several levels: (i) local material validation; (ii) blunt trauma from direct impact against stationary skull; (iii) three impacts at different velocities simulating falls; (iv) blunt ballistic temporoparietal head impacts. Accelerations, impact forces, and fracture patterns are used to validate the skull model.
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Spiegler, Andreas, Javad Karimi Abadchi, Majid Mohajerani, and Viktor K. Jirsa. "In silico exploration of mouse brain dynamics by focal stimulation reflects the organization of functional networks and sensory processing." Network Neuroscience 4, no. 3 (January 2020): 807–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/netn_a_00152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Resting-state functional networks such as the default mode network (DMN) dominate spontaneous brain dynamics. To date, the mechanisms linking brain structure and brain dynamics and functions in cognition, perception, and action remain unknown, mainly due to the uncontrolled and erratic nature of the resting state. Here we used a stimulation paradigm to probe the brain’s resting behavior, providing insights on state-space stability and multiplicity of network trajectories after stimulation. We performed explorations on a mouse model to map spatiotemporal brain dynamics as a function of the stimulation site. We demonstrated the emergence of known functional networks in brain responses. Several responses heavily relied on the DMN and were suggestive of the DMN playing a mechanistic role between functional networks. We probed the simulated brain responses to the stimulation of regions along the information processing chains of sensory systems from periphery up to primary sensory cortices. Moreover, we compared simulated dynamics against in vivo brain responses to optogenetic stimulation. Our results underwrite the importance of anatomical connectivity in the functional organization of brain networks and demonstrate how functionally differentiated information processing chains arise from the same system.
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Федоришин, Галина. "Gender stereotypes as a driver of domestic violence." Збірник наукових праць: психологія, no. 22 (December 10, 2018): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/psp.22.26-32.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Society pressures men and women into playing certain roles, prescribed by the community and passed down from generation to generation. Gender stereotypes are the most persistent among all social stereotypes. They are a set of conventional generally accepted rules and attitudes in respect to male and female status, codes of conduct, motives behind their actions and need patterns. They consolidate prevailing gender differences and relations. Destructive impact of gender stereotypes can be observed at the family level in various forms of violence against men or women, especially in rural regions. It is mostly women who fall victims to spousal abuse. The range of violations of women's rights is fairly broad, including female trafficking, rape, marital violence, child sexual abuse, cultural practices and traditions directed against female reproductive and sexual health.
Studies of both domestic and foreign researchers give grounds for arguing that it is patriarchal attitudes and beliefs concerning the functional and role structure of the family imposed on Ukrainians over the past centuries that account for gender-based violence in the family. However, not all men with such attitudes commit violence in intergender relations. Economic factor seems rather significant in this regard, that is unemployment, wages (victims usually earn less), family budget allocation and some other victimologic character traits (dependent, psychasthenic personality traits, learned helplessness syndrome, etc.), as well as lower education, unhealthy and immoral lifestyle. Biological causes of such violence can be handicaps, health problems or disability.
This paper analyses the nature of gender stereotypes, their components and varieties. We explore particular impact of gender stereotypes on acts of domestic violence against men and women and suggest ways to challenge gender stereotypes.
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Jouvenet, Morgan. "Contexts and Temporalities in Andrew Abbott's Processual Sociology." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 71, no. 03 (September 2016): 361–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398568218000067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the 1970s, Andrew Abbott has promoted an original and ambitious project for the social sciences. In particular, he has argued for the development of a “processual sociology” based on precepts first articulated by the Chicago tradition of sociology and in his view somewhat forgotten. Against functionalism, against the “variables paradigm,” he has emphasized the Chicago tradition's focus on patterns of interaction and their contexts, and has deepened our analysis of the local and ever-particular dimensions of social entities by considering their inscription in successive sequences. As well as seeking to formalize these sequences, this vision aims to link processes playing out at different rhythms and levels. As a project it is based on a conception of social life as a “world of events,” where “change is the normal nature of things” and “not something that happens occasionally to stable social actors.” This makes it possible to explain the emergence and durability of social entities (for example, professions and disciplines) in the flow of events. The originality of this approach consists in founding a new institutionalist analysis of social realities on this ontology of perpetual movement.Marked by American pragmatism but also traversed by the question of order and social structures, Abbott's oeuvre offers an original approach to the diversity of contexts and temporalities in processes that, through the intermingling of various “lineages,” constitute social traditions and entities. This article presents Abbott's contextualist theses and the intellectual background against which they emerged. It also considers the place that the processual approach accords to contingency and personhood, factors that enable Abbot to work toward a synthesis of history and sociology.
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VILELA, JOSÉ RICARDO DE PAULA XAVIER, and ANTONIO CARVALHO NETO. "IS LEADERSHIP AN IDEOLOGY? A RESEARCH PROJECT INSPIRED BY T. W. ADORNO." RAM. Revista de Administração Mackenzie 18, no. 1 (February 2017): 15–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-69712017/administracao.v18n1p15-39.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Purpose: On the assumption that leadership is a social construction driven by interests, this article presents the results of an empirical research designed with the purpose of investigating the concept of leadership. Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The originality is the use of empirical procedures inspired by the work of an author often quoted in studies of theoretical and essayistic nature, but whose work in empirical research is little known among us. Key methodological aspects: The methodological procedures were chosen inspired by those used by T. W. Adorno in F scale production, which was oriented to identify contradictions, opposing views and unusual aspects not usually found in general literature on this subject. Summary of key results: It was identified that the exercise of leadership is motivated by interests - not those of one class against another, but those within the same social class - which are presented from different points of view, depending on whether the individual is or is not playing this role; there is a tendency to hide the relationship between the leadership and the exercise of power, and also that leaders that were in activity tend to hide the interests related to the exercise of this social role (such as the financial ones), as well as trying to characterize leadership as something extraordinary - characterization not recognized by many of the individuals who were no longer playing that role; and finally, that interests may be also related to the opportunity to offer training programs for the development of "leadership skills". Key considerations/conclusions: The results allow a deconstruction of some of the speeches involving aspects usually presented as characterizing this construct and suggests new research ways to seek the understanding of this object.
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Vashchenko, Nataliia. "Sphere of Concepts that Represents Impact-Generating Issues in Terms of Consciental War as a Component of Russia’s Hybrid Aggression against Ukraine." Current Issues of Mass Communication, no. 22 (2017): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2312-5160.2017.22.19-39.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite the fact that the hybrid war in the east of Ukraine has been going on for more than three years, the support of the aggressor by Ukrainian citizens not only in the Donbas and Crimea, but in other regions of Ukraine remains significant. This means that in today’s hybrid aggression of Russia against Ukraine, the consciental war continues playing a leading role aimed at maintaining and contagion of pro-Russian sentiments among the Ukrainian citizens. This research proposes the sphere of concepts that represents impact-generating issues in terms of consciental war as a component of Russia’s hybrid aggression against Ukraine. To achieve this objective, namely to create this sphere of concepts, we applied the following research methods and implemented the following tasks: using the empiric method and the method of scientific generalization we determined the purpose and tasks of Russia’s consciental war against Ukraine and its risks and consequences for Ukraine; we outlined how through archetypes as transmitters of national identity in terms of a consciental war the distinction of clear separation between “friend-enemy”, destruction of spiritual values and the ability of a person to free self-identification and, as a result, a confrontation between citizens who represent the Ukrainian and the Soviet identities take place. Using the logical methods of induction, deduction and generalization we defined the concepts of impact-generating issues on the basis of Anti-Maidan neologisms, which, having archetypal nature, evoke Enemy Image, form an image of identity alien to Ukraine and pander to conflicts in public consciousness. We proved that the chosen concepts belong to unreal (mythical) sphere and correspond to the key myth of Russian propaganda – “Russia won a victory over fascism” and therefore they have the most powerful potential impacting on subconscious in terms of a consciental war. Given that division over the basic political issues still remains in the society, the sphere of concepts that provides insight into impact-generating issues as the main result of this study is in special focus, as it provides an opportunity to understand a mechanism of mind control through archetypes in terms of the contemporary consciental war of Russia against Ukraine, and also to understand the nature of challenges which Ukraine is facing to and as a result – to cope with these challenges and to be able to sweep in this hybrid war.
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Dorigatti, Lisa, Anna Mori, and Stefano Neri. "Public, private or hybrid? Providing care services under austerity: the case of Italy." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 40, no. 11/12 (June 8, 2020): 1279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-02-2019-0037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeThe paper examines the different trajectories of externalisation and the development of different kinds of welfare mix in three different sub-sectors of socio-educational services: long-term care for the elderly, early childhood services and kindergartens. By integrating the industrial relations and comparative public administration literatures, it analyses the different rationales underpinning contracting-out decisions of Italian local governments.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts a multi-method, multi-level approach: quantitative data on the provision of socio-educational services and the nature of the providers are combined with the analysis of 12 case studies of municipalities through 80 semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis.FindingsThe paper argues that differentials in labour regulation across the public/private divide and the consequent possibility to access labour markets characterised by cheaper labour and higher organisational flexibility are a key explanation in local governments' decisions to outsource. Despite labour market factors playing a prominent role, their relevance is significantly tempered by political and social factors and particularly by the strong opposition of citizens, personnel and trade unions to pure market solutions in the provision of such services. However, the centrality of these factors depends on the nature of the services: political sensibility against privatisation proved to be stronger in kindergartens, while services for the elderly were more frequently and less contentiously privatised.Originality/valueThe main contribution is the integration of the two research traditions to analyse patterns of outsourcing in the socio-educational services in Italy, showing that neither of them is able, alone, to explain the different private/public mix characterising different social and educational services.
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Davies, Gail. "The Sacred and the Profane: Biotechnology, Rationality, and Public Debate." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 38, no. 3 (March 2006): 423–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37387.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper explores the forms of argumentation employed by participants in a recent public engagement process in the United Kingdom around new technologies for organ transplantation, with specific reference to xenotransplantation and stem-cell research. Two forms of reasoning recur throughout participants' deliberations which challenge specialist framing of this issue. First, an often scatological humour and sense of the profane are evident in the ways in which participants discuss the bodily transformations that such technologies demand. Second, a sense of the sacred, in which new biotechnologies are viewed as against nature or in which commercial companies are ‘playing god’, is a repetitive and well-recognised concern. Such forms of reasoning are frequently dismissed by policymakers as ‘uninformed gut reactions’. Yet they also form a significant part of the repertoire of scientists themselves as they proclaim the hope of new medical breakthroughs, or seek to reconstruct ideas of the body to facilitate new biotechnological transformations. Through questioning of assumptions in Habermas's notion of discourse ethics, and exploring the importance of hybridity and corporeality as concepts in ethical thinking, the author suggests that, far from being ill-formed opinions, such reasonings perform an important function for thinking through the ontological significance of the corporealisation of these proposed new forms of human and animal bodies.
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Khan, Hashmat Ullah, and Shamsuz Zaman. "Prospects and Implications of Students Politics in Educational Institutions of Pakistan." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 4, no. 1 (November 19, 2020): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.1.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this study is to critically analyse the problems of students politics in the educational institutions and know about its prospects and implications. This is an important phenomenon playing crucial role in a democratic states like Pakistan. Students politics is an important research problem. There are many underlying questions like what is the importance and prospects of student politics? What are its implications? Why it leads to violence how it can be overcome and more result oriented? Students are the leaders of tomorrow therefore student politics in educational institution of a democratic state like Pakistan is very important phenomenon. It has many prospects like most of the mainstream top seed politicians are the product of student politics, providing educated and well-trained political leaders and workers, strengthen political participation, increase turnout, helpful to address the issues of students and create sense of political awareness, but at the same time it has also many implications like student unions are working as pressure groups, organize strikes, marches, using force against opponent groups, wasting student’s precious time in off-campus activities, intoxication and developed weapon culture. This research is a qualitative in nature and based on critical discourse analysis, descriptive and analytical approaches.
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Hollin, Gregory. "Consider the woodpecker: The contested more-than-human ethics of biomimetic technology and traumatic brain injury." Social Studies of Science 52, no. 2 (October 18, 2021): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03063127211052513.
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Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, or CTE, is a neurodegenerative disease caused by traumatic brain injury and most frequently associated with contact sports such as American Football. Perhaps surprisingly, the woodpecker – an animal apparently immune to the effects of head impacts – has increasingly figured into debates surrounding CTE. On the one hand, the woodpecker is described as being contra-human and used to underscore the radical inappropriateness of humans playing football. On the other, there have been attempts to mitigate against the risk of CTE through the creation of biomimetic technologies inspired by woodpeckers. In this article I examine the highly politicized encounters between humans and woodpeckers and discuss how the politics of re-/dis-/en-tanglement during these interspecies relations is rendered meaningful. I show here, first, that those who seek to keep the human and the woodpecker apart envisage social overhaul while biomimetic technologies are put to work for the status quo. Second, I stress that different forms of entanglement have diverse sociopolitical consequences. I conclude by suggesting that the case of the woodpecker troubles a strand of contemporary scholarship in Science and Technology Studies that argues that biotechnologies are inherently transformatory and that foregrounding entanglement and interspecies relations is ethically generative. Instead, a discursive separation of nature and culture may be innovative.
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Mangurkar, Isha, and Nimmi Rangaswamy. "Controlled empowerment of women: intersections of feminism, HCI and political communication in India." Feminist Theory 23, no. 2 (March 22, 2022): 171–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14647001221082296.
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Twitter played a dominant role during the 2014 general elections in India, ushering a right-wing party into power. Political leaders employed Twitter to augment their public image and push right-wing campaign agendas to millions of followers. A prominent and strategic use of Twitter was credited to Prime Ministerial candidate Narendra Modi, portrayed as a visionary leader supporting economic development, social empowerment and good governance. Within this narrative, women's empowerment debates underwent multiple transformations. Through this article, we aim to establish the nature of discussions lying at the intersections of feminist thinking and internet technology. We study the discursive trajectory of women's empowerment against the backdrop of a right-wing political (Hindutva) ideology playing out on Twitter. Utilising the qualitative methods of Thematic Analysis and Feminist Relational Discourse Analysis, we study two cases highlighting feminist campaigns beginning in 2014: instant triple talaq, and the Sabarimala verdict. We analyse tweets in relation to these incidents and highlight the rhetorical inconsistency of right-wing leaders and supporters. We further discuss the implications of this inconsistency for the simultaneous suppression of voices demanding empowerment and amplification of those justifying religious tradition. Finally, we conclude by introducing the idea of the ‘controlled empowerment’ of women in support of our analysis.
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Gürkaynak, Gönenç, Ç. Olgu Kama, and Ceren Özkanli. "A Comparative Analysis of the Perception Differences between Competition Law and Anti-corruption Law." Business Law Review 37, Issue 3 (June 1, 2016): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2016019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Both anti-corruption law and anti-trust law aim to create a level playing field and they are complementary to each other in support of this aim. Given the indispensable nature of both fields in terms of reaching social welfare, it is striking how differently society reacts to the breaching behaviour of each field. On the one hand, if a company engages in corrupt behaviour, the perpetrator will be shunned from society, its behaviour generating strong moral reactions. Civil society organizations, both global and local, will publicize this corruption. The private and public sector, along with civil society organizations, will come together to find ways to eradicate it. The mood of such collaboration will dictate that the good are fighting the bad when fighting corruption. On the other hand, the fight against anti-competitive behaviour may not always be as outrageous as fighting corruption. As for technocrats, when they encounter anti-competitive behaviour, they will fight such acts, enforce fines on the perpetrators and order them to stop violations. Corporations would attempt to do their best to be careful not to engage in anti-competitive behaviour the next time and the story would generally end there. Because preventing or stopping anti-competitive behaviour may not always demonstrate a direct, immediate and visible effect in the consumers’ eyes in most of the cases, the cries from society, if any, are not as loud as the cries against corruption. Thus these two regulatory areas, convergent in their aims, are perceived in divergent fashions by society. This essay delves into the reasons behind such divergence and suggests that among the reasons for this differentiation are the premises that these fields also differ in their consequences, in their enforcement styles, leading to different moral perceptions, and in the visibility of their consequences.
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Ure, Odd B. "Learning outcomes between learner centredness and institutionalisation of qualification frameworks." Policy Futures in Education 17, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478210318774689.
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This article investigates what is claimed to be a shift towards national and European education systems based on Learning Outcomes (LO). We propose to delineate LO into three instruments (pedagogical, policy and organisational). When LO are related to a pedagogical debate, they can easily be positioned to constructivist learning theories in which the centredness of the learner is brought to the fore. This perspective is often emphasised by EU institutions and agencies when outlining implications for education and training practices. At the same time, LO are inscribed in a package of policies playing out at a national and cross-national level whose success lies in their political and organisational ramification. Of particular importance is how these policies change rules and procedures of educational institutions, notably curricula and the awarding of qualifications. Within this picture of learner centredness and institutionalisation, LO in the existing literature are analysed as pedagogical and policy instruments. This article proposes to add a third perspective, that of considering LO as an organisational instrument. This implies studying the work organisation of educational institutions, as well as the bodies and agencies (‘quangos’) of importance for bringing about LO. Another aspect which the notion organisational instrument can shed light on is the continuing efforts to improve the performance of education systems by means of quality control and auditing procedures. The article concludes that policy-making for education and training will benefit from studies able to accurately determine the nature of the instruments deployed in the ongoing discourse on LO. Against this background, some implications for future studies and analyses in the field of education and training are drawn.
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Verma, Jaya, and Amar Shankar Mishra. "COVID-19 infection: Disease detection and mobile technology." PeerJ 8 (November 9, 2020): e10345. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10345.
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Background A pneumonia outbreak of unknown etiology took place in Wuhan, Hubei province, China and spread quickly worldwide in December 2019. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention identified a novel beta-coronavirus called 2019-nCoV, now officially known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) that is responsible for the pandemic. The coronavirus COVID-19 affected 215 countries and territories around the world and more than 99 hundred thousand people at present (Nature Nanotechnology, 2020). At present, there are no specific vaccines or treatments available for COVID-19. However, there are many ongoing clinical trials evaluating potential treatments. At this time the experts recommend precautions such as social distancing, hand washing, and wearing face masks to reduce disease transmission. This review article aims to improve the readers’ awareness towards the important role of mobile technology for SARS-CoV-2. Methodology To achieve this objective, we performed a COVID-19 literature review from various sources that include data from the published articles as well as World Health Organization reports on coronavirus disease and how mobile technology is useful to fight against this disease. Results Mobile technology can be helpful in mapping disease spread and provides an easy way to provide awareness that promotes safety and adoption of necessary precautions to mitigate and stop community transmission. Conclusion The spread rate of COVID-19 is very high and until now no vaccines are available to control this disease. To this end we should leverage other avenues such as digital technologies to protect ourselves from this disease. Mobile technology such as smartphones are playing an important role in this pandemic, by launching apps to track coronavirus infected people. These apps are very easy to use and provide self-isolation guidelines as well as other safety tips.
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Nkollo, Mikołaj, and Alexandra Fiéis. "The não interpolation in Classical and early Modern European Portuguese and the mapping between syntactic and phonological structures: An empirical study." Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 13, no. 1 (May 27, 2020): 115–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/shll-2020-2023.
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AbstractThe central topic of the paper is clitic-verb non-adjacency (interpolation) in Classical and early Modern European Portuguese (EP). Throughout that period, the negative marker não was the only expression likely to disrupt the continuity of clitic-verb sequences. The aims of the study are twofold. First, previous assumptions on the syntax of this pattern are matched against data retrieved from the texts stored in the Biblioteca Nacional Digital. The present analysis demonstrates, first, that clitic-verb adjacency and non-adjacency had divergent distributions depending on whether they occurred in obligatory proclisis contexts or in X-V-cl/X-cl-V variation ones. Whereas interpolation was the default choice in the former, clitic-verb adjacency was prevailing in the latter in the period under discussion. The second aim is to account for the overrepresentation, underpinned by corpus data, of 3rd person accusative pronouns in clauses with interpolation. In previous works, the origin of clitic-verb non-adjacency was couched either in semantic terms (the contribution of não to the meaning of the VP) or in terms of clitic movement and increasing constraints on the status of Neg (Neg and clitic are both assumed to be affixes). In the present paper, interpolation is shown to have had an interface nature, with phonological factors playing a central role. The discontinuity of clitic-Verb sequences is thought to have helped speakers to get rid of the affixal attachment of the o, a, os, as series to the preceding non-verbal sound material (nasal diphthongs in não, quem, ninguém, etc, coercing preverbal pronouns into taking a nasal onset quem no, não no, etc.). As a consequence, in present day standard EP, clitic-specific allomorphy has become earmarked for enclisis.
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Leah, Okenwa-Emegwa. "Doctoral Theses as a Source of Knowledge Production for IPV Prevention: A Literature Review of Doctoral Theses at a Swedish University." Open Public Health Journal 12, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501912010145.
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Background: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a pervasive form of Violence Against Women (VAW). IPV has been acknowledged as a human rights violation and a public health problem. Years of research and advocacy have led to a better understanding of the problem including the development of the ecological model for explaining IPV. Although diverse international policies and global advances in women’s rights have contributed to addressing IPV, the problem still persists. IPV is associated with adverse health outcomes, therefore, its prevention is an important aspect of population health promotion. Objective: Considering that doctoral research and theses form an integral aspect of knowledge production, the present study aims to provide a review of doctoral theses on IPV at a Swedish university in order to identify areas of unmet need for future IPV prevention studies. Methods: A search was conducted to identify IPV related thesis stored in the Karolinska Institutet (KI), which is a database where all publications produced at KI are stored. A total of thirteen PhD theses (the earliest published in 2004 and the latest in 2017) met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Results: Through their wide range of contexts and contents, these theses provide a global insight into IPV. Findings show that prevalence estimates and risk factors at the individual and relationship levels are well researched. Potential areas of unmet needs include the under-researched nature of risk factors and interventions at the community and societal level as well as underlying issues preventing the healthcare sector from actively playing its role in addressing IPV. Conclusion: Capacity building for the health sector and addressing community and societal level risk factors of IPV are modifiable factors to address IPV and improve population health.