Дисертації: "Plato. Republic"

1

Townsend, Joe. "Philosophical citizenship in the Apology and the Republic." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/705.

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Spencer, Albert R. Rosenbaum Stuart E. "Reconstructing the Republic Dewey's back to Plato movement /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5090.

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3

BAPTISTA, ALEXANDRE JORDAO. "MATHEMATICS AND KNOWLEDGE IN THE PLATO S REPUBLIC." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10066@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A proximidade entre matemática e filosofia em Platão é algo historicamente estabelecido e que pode ser constatado desde o primeiro contato com a sua obra e com as linhas gerais de seu pensamento. Nesse sentido, encontramos em alguns dos seus principais Diálogos, particularmente em A República, concepções sobre a natureza da matemática relacionadas, sobretudo, à metodologia matemática. Na República Platão aborda criticamente aspectos referentes ao método e ao status epistemológico das disciplinas matemáticas em dois momentos. O primeiro no Livro VI, na célebre passagem da Linha Dividida (509d - 511e), e o segundo no Livro VII, por ocasião da descrição do programa de estudos preparatórios à dialética (521c-534e) e, em ambos, considerando-se o que Platão diz em outras oportunidades, o teor da crítica platônica surpreende. Na Linha, as disciplinas matemáticas são descritas como formas de conhecimento intermediárias entre a opinião e a dialética, a única a merecer o título de ciência legítima. No Livro VII para ilustrar a distinção entre o conhecimento alcançado pelas disciplinas matemáticas, de um lado, e pela dialética, de outro, é dito que apesar de apreender alguma coisa da essência o matemático estaria para o dialético como aquele que dorme e sonha está para aquele que está acordado e vivendo a realidade (533b - 534e). O objetivo desse trabalho, portanto, é investigar por que Platão considera as matemáticas ciências intermediárias e qual a noção de conhecimento que serve de critério para essa classificação.
The proximity between mathematics and philosophy in Plato is something historically acknowledged and that can be verified from the first contact with his work and with the general lines of his thought. Thus, one can find in some of his main Dialogues, particularly in the Republic, conceptions on the nature of mathematics mainly related to the mathematical methodology. In the Republic Plato approaches critically aspects regarding the method and the epistemological status of the mathematical disciplines in two moments. The first in Book VI, in the famous fragment of the Divided Line (509d - 511e), and the second in Book VII, while describing the program of preparatory studies to dialectics (521c-534e) and, in both cases, considering what Plato says in other fragments, the character of Plato s criticism surprises. In the Line, the disciplines of mathematics are described as a way of knowledge in-between opinion and dialectics, the last being the only one entitled to be considered a legitimate science. In Book VII, in order to show the distinction between the knowledge reached by mathematical disciplines, on one side, and the dialectics, on another, it is stated that despite learning some of the essence, the mathematician is for the dialectical as one who sleeps and dreams is for those who are awake and living reality itself (533b 534e). Therefore, the aim of this work is to investigate why Plato considers the disciplines of mathematics in-between sciences and what notion of knowledge was used as the criteria for that classification.

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Araujo, Junior Anastacio Borges de. "O não-ser na ontologia de Platão : um estudo da Republica, V(475 d1 - 480 a13) ao Timeu (47 e3 - 52 d4)." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280134.

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Orientador: Alcides Hector Rodriguez Benoit
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho trata do problema do não-ser na ontologia de Platão, a partir dos diálogos 'República', V (475 dI - 480 a13) e 'Timeu' (47 e3 - 52 d4). Com relação ao trecho da 'República', apresenta um exame do seu sentido ético-político - caracterizar o filósofo como aquele apto para governar a cidade fundada em argumentos racionais - assim como o seu sentido epistemológico - discriminar o ser e o parecer, ou seja, determinar a ciência e a opinião. Mas, o sentido ontológico da realidade do não-ser, estabelecido nessa passagem, não parece evidente. A pesquisa mostra, então, que há uma aporia ontológica contida na suposição da realidade do nãoser e que, esta paradoxal realidade aponta, a partir do testemunho de Aristóteles, para o diálogo 'Timeu', no qual Platão parece avançar nessa mesma aporia, ao estabelecer o não-ser como algo, originariamente, indeterminado, um ser noutro sentido, uma espécie de receptáculo que abriga em si todas as coisas que vem a ser, dando-Ihes morada temporária. Dessa perspectiva, o suposto dogmatismo platônico estaria acolhendo a possibilidade de algo impensável no ser, enquanto totalidade do que é. No extremo, a pesquisa sugere que Platão, no 'Timeu', reconhece que a inteligência tenha sido forçada a admitir, através do conceito de chôra, o ininteligível, o mistério do ser
Abstract: This work deals with the problem of non-being in Plato's ontology based on the dialogues in the 'Republie', V (475dl-480a13) and the 'Timaeus' (47 e3 - 52 d4). In relation to the passage in the 'Republie', it presents an examination of the ethie-politieal meaning - eharaeterizes the philosopher as the one able to govern the eity that was funded in rational arguments - as well as the its epistemologieal meaning -deseribe the being and the appearance, that is to say, to determine the science and the opinion. However, the ontologieal meaning of the reality of the non-being, whieh is established in this passage, doesn't seem evident. The researeh shows that there is an ontologieal aporia in the supposition of the reality of the non-being and that this paradoxal reality, based on Aristotle, points to the dialogue 'Timaeus' in whieh Plato seems to advanee in the same aporia when he identifies the non-being as something originally undetermined, a being in other sense, a sort of reeeiver that shelters in itself all the things that are be, giving them temporary residenee. In this perspeetive, the supposed platonie dogmatism would be aeeepting the possibility of something unthinkable about on the being, while totality of what is. In an extreme, this researeh suggest that Plato, in the 'Timaeus', reeognizes that the intelligenee might have been foreed to admit, through the eoneept of chôra, the unintelligible, the mystery of the being
Doutorado
Historia da Filosofia Antiga
Doutor em Filosofia

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5

Fossati, Manlio. "Myth and argument in Plato's Phaedrus, Republic, and Phaedo." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14175.

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Myth and Argument in Plato's Phaedrus, Republic, and Phaedo investigates the role played by eschatological myth in the arguments of Plato's Phaedrus, Republic and Phaedo. It argues that a reconsideration of the agenda followed by Socrates in each of these dialogues brings into view the contribution made by the mythological narrative to their argumentative line. Each of the three chapters of my thesis analyses the nature of this contribution. The first chapter argues that the myth occupying the central pages of the Phaedrus contributes to developing one of the themes addressed in the dialogue, namely a link between the divine realm and the activities thought by Phaedrus to be unrelated to the religious sphere. By showing that Eros fosters imitation of the gods, the palinode makes an important contribution to this topic. The second chapter proposes that the myth of Er and passage 608c2-621d3 in which it is included are an essential part of the line of argument of the Republic. I analyse the aims Socrates sets in Book 2 for his investigation into justice, and show that they include the description of the positive consequences of justice along with the benefits it causes in and by itself. By listing the rewards just people will receive from other people and the gods, passage 608c2-621d3 gives a description of the positive consequences of justice. The third chapter argues that the argumentative line followed in the Phaedo finds its culmination in the eschatological myth. Socrates expresses a hope for post-mortem justice in his defence of the philosophical life. To render it plausible to his interlocutors he needs to show that the soul is both immortal and intrinsically intelligent. After vindicating these notions, Socrates presents in the concluding myth the image of an afterlife governed by ethical principles.

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Lorenzon, Anallú Guimarães Firme. "Imagem e Imitação na Educação dos Guardiões da República." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/3654.

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Pretendemos com nosso estudo propor uma aproximação entre a arte e o pensamento antigo a partir das considerações platônicas sobre a mímesis, presentes nos Livros II e III, do diálogo a República, mais especificamente, nas passagens sobre a parte inicial da educação dos guardiões. Abordaremos o princípio da proposta paidêutica platônica procurando assinalar o seu caráter estético, calcado na dimensão sensível da pólis. Analisaremos a importância atribuída aos mitos, enquanto imagens privilegiadas da formação, e o lugar da mímesis nesta etapa do processo, que visa em última instância o amor ao belo.
We pretend in our study to propose a link between art and the ancient thinking through Plato’s considerations about mimesis, which are described on the Books II and III of the Republic dialogue. We will approach the principle of the platonic paideutic proposal highlighting its esthetic features, based on the sensible dimension of the Polis. We will analyze the importance given to the myths, as privileged images of the formation, and the position of mimesis on this process, which aims ultimately the love to the beauty.

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Stamatikos, Asterios. "FIGHTING THE GOOD FIGHT: THUMOS IN THE REPUBLIC." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1659.

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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF ASTERIOS STAMATIKOS, for the Master of Philosophy degree in Philosophy, presented on October 14, 2014, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. "FIGHTING THE GOOD FIGHT: ΘΎΜΟϚ IN THE REPUBLIC" MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Thomas Alexander This paper shows that the spirted part of the soul should be ranked above the appetitive part of the soul, according to the standards Plato set forth in The Republic. Plato exalted the rational part of the soul, but he likened the spirited part of the soul to the rational part in various ways. The moral goodness of the spirited part of the soul can be shown through the ways it is similar to the rational part. These ways include the similarities between the regimes based on the rational and spirited part of the soul, as well as the characteristics of the spirited part of the soul, which make it auxiliary to the rational part of the soul. The spirited part of the soul fights against injustice within the soul, allying itself with the rational part against the desirous part; spiritedness also rises up when it perceives evil external to the soul. The way in which Plato exalted the rational part of the soul allows for an argument like this to be made. One way he shows the superiority of the rational part of the soul is by condemning the other two parts. Plato praised the spirited part of the soul for the most part though, and some of the characteristics he attributed to the spiritedness were in accord with the virtues and social order of classical Athens.

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Anderson, Linda Viktoria. "Plato's political imagination." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99570.

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Traditional interpretations of Plato see him either as an enemy of the imagination in his views of philosophic discussion, or as a purveyor of imaginative lies in his authoritarian and anti-democratic view of politics. Instead this thesis challenges both these interpretations by showing how the imagination is both philosophical and democratically political. In the Republic images and stories balance and enrich rational argumentation. I first analyze the imaginary aspects of Plato's ideal city. Secondly, I look more closely to the role of images in education and poetry by focusing on Plato's distinction between good and bad images. Thirdly, I discuss the role of images in relation to notions of the ideal and democracy. I propose that images are crucial in crafting and acquiring a vision of the ideal in speech. Finally, I end by stressing that philosophic discussion, and its use of images, not only contains democratic elements but that it also is more likely to thrive in a democratic space and context, marked by freedom of speech and pluralism.

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Nery, Louise Walmsley. "Liberdade democrática versus liberdade filosófica: um estudo dos usos do conceito de eleuthería na República de Platão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-25102016-120807/.

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O presente trabalho tem por objeto de estudo os usos do conceito de eleuthería na República de Platão. Tem-se por ponto de partida uma gama de conceitos relativos à noção de liberdade na antiguidade, propondo-se a analisar o diálogo segundo duas concepções antagônicas de eleuthería. A primeira delas é a mais comum na abordagem dos diálogos platônicos, trata-se da ideia de fazer o que se quer e esse sentido é encontrado, sobretudo, no exame da forma de governo democrática e do homem que corresponde a esse regime político. Para uma compreensão adequada desse sentido, propõe-se que se entenda o que está em jogo quando se tece uma crítica ao regime democrático. Esse sentido é tido como essencialmente negativo, pois traz consequências indesejáveis dentro do contexto em que é apresentado. Supõe-se que haja um outro sentido de eleuthería presente no diálogo, o qual não é tratado sistematicamente e que é apenas sugerido nas entrelinhas da mais bela cidade, a kallípolis. Diante da necessidade de mostrar que esse sentido pode integrar a economia da obra, parte-se de indícios textuais nos quais a liberdade não está associada à forma de governo democrática para mostrar que a caracterização de uma liberdade positiva parece ser possível. Esse sentido positivo estaria associado a um certo ideal de excelência. Por fim, sugere-se que de acordo com esse sentido positivo a expressão fazer o que se quer possa ser interpretada de uma forma completamente diversa da encontrada no contexto democrático.
The present work has as object of study the uses of the concept of eleuthería in Plato\'s Republic. As starting point we have a wide range of concepts related to the notion of freedom in antiquity, it is proposed the analysis of the dialogue according to two antagonical concepts of eleuthería. The first is the most common in Plato\'s dialogues, it is the idea of \"to do whatever one wants\" and this meaning is found, above all, when examining the democratic government and the corresponding man to this political regime. For an adequate comprehension of this meaning, it is proposed the understanding of what is at stake when a critique of the democratic regime is made. This meaning is held essentially as negative because it brings undesirable consequences in the context in which it is presented. It is supposed that there is other meaning of eleuthería present in the dialogue which is not sistematically addressed and is only suggested between the lines of the most beautiful city, the kallípolis. Facing the necessity of showing that this meaning can integrate the economy of the work, starting from textual indications in which freedom is not associated to the democratic way of government to show that the characterization of a positive freedom seems possible. This positive meaning could be associated to a certain ideal of excellency. In the end it is suggested that, according to this meaning the expression \"to do whatever one wants\" could be interpreted in a completely diverse way of the meaning found in the democratic context.

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Silva, Bruno Drumond Mello. "ΤΗΣ ΜΟΥΣΙΚΗΣ ΤΟΠΟΣ ΤΗΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΕΙΑΙ: sobre a educação elementar através da música na República de Platão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-29032010-172740/.

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O objetivo deste trabalho pode ser resumido na tarefa de expor a análise que Platão faz da μονσικη nos Livros II e III da República, demonstrando o papel central que desempenha na educação dos jovens e, por conseguinte, na constituição da πολιτειι , quais seus objetivos, e de que modo serve à relativização dos argumentos dirigidos contra a poesia no Livro X.
The aim of this work may be reduced to the task of presenting Platos analysis of μονσικη in Republic II and III, demonstrating the central role it plays on the education of the young and thus, on the constitution of the πολιτειι , which are its objectives, and how it can mitigate Books X claims against poetry

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Rauhut, Nils Christian. "In search of Thrasymachus : the role of Thrasymachus in the ethical argument of Plato's 'Republic' /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5709.

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Smallcomb, Peter. "The problem of imagination in Plato's Republic and Rousseau's Emile." Thesis, Boston University, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27775.

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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02

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Labriola, Daniele. "On Plato's conception of philosophy in the Republic and certain post-Republic dialogues." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4497.

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This dissertation is generally concerned with Plato's conception of philosophy, as the conception is ascertainable from the Republic and certain ‘post-Republic' dialogues. It argues that philosophy, according to Plato, is multi-disciplinary; that ‘philosophy' does not mark off just one art or science; that there are various philosophers corresponding to various philosophical sciences, all of which come together under a common aim: betterment of self through intellectual activity. A major part of this dissertation is concerned with Plato's science par excellence, ‘the science of dialectic' (he epistêmê dialektikê). The science of dialectic is distinguished in Plato by being concerned with Forms or Kinds as such; the science of dialectic, alone amongst the philosophical sciences, fully understands what it means for Form X to be a Form. I track the science of dialectic, from its showcase in Republic VI and VII, and analyze its place in relation to the other philosophical sciences in certain post-Republic dialogues. Ultimately, I show that, whilst it is not the only science constituting philosophy, Plato's science of dialectic represents the intellectual zenith obtainable by man; the expert of this science is the topmost philosopher. In this dissertation I also argue that Socrates, as variously depicted in these dialogues, always falls short of being identified as the philosopher par excellence, as that expert with positive knowledge of Forms as such. Yet I also show that, far from being in conflict, the elenctic Socrates and the philosopher par excellence form a complementary relationship: the elenctic philosopher gets pupils to think about certain things in the right way prior to sending them off to work with the philosopher par excellence.

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Culp, Jonathan Frederick. "Plato's critique of injustice in the Gorgias and the Republic." Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/972.

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Thesis advisor: Christopher Bruell
No rational decision can be made concerning how to live without confronting the problem of justice—both what it is and whether it is good to be just. In this essay I examine Plato’s articulation of these problems in the Gorgias and the Republic. Through detailed analyses of Socrates’ exchanges with several interlocutors, I establish, first, that despite some real and apparent differences, all the interlocutors share the same fundamental conception of justice, which could be called justice as fairness or reciprocal equality (to ison). The core of justice lies in refraining from pleonexia (seeking to benefit oneself at the expense of another). Second, according to this view, the practice of justice is not intrinsically profitable; it is valuable only as a means to the acquisition or enjoyment of other, material goods. This conception thus implies that committing successful injustice is often more profitable than being just. Third, the critics of justice recognize and openly acknowledge this fact; hence, their position is more coherent than common opinion. Fourth, the core of the Socratic defense of justice lies in the claims that the practice of pleonexia is incompatible with the possession of a well-ordered soul and that the possession of a well-ordered soul is necessary for happiness. Thus, despite appearances to the contrary, Socrates does not argue that justice, as it is commonly conceived, is intrinsically profitable. He is able to refute the critics of justice because the latter lack a coherent understanding of the human good. Finally, Socrates’ defense of justice nonetheless remains incomplete because he deliberately refrains from giving a sufficient account of the nature of the soul and its good
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2008
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science

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Issler, Daniel William. "The role of afterlife myths in Plato's moral arguments." unrestricted, 2009. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05112009-121410/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2009.
Title from file title page. Tim O'Keefe, committee chair ; Andrew I. Cohen, Jessica Berry, committee members. Electronic text (53 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed October 24, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53).

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Silva, André Luiz Braga da. "Platão, o Bem, e a fragilidade da jangada humana: um estudo sobre o símile do Sol da República." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-18072017-160906/.

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A tese é uma análise interpretativa do trecho conhecido como símile do Sol na obra República de Platão (508b-509b). Esta análise tem por base dois vieses: i) aquele das questões de relação entre autor e seus personagens, e das questões da relação dos personagens com o próprio drama vigente no diálogo; e ii) aquele das questões relativas à argumentação metafísica apresentada nesta parte do debate, seja quanto aos seus conteúdos, seja quanto aos métodos nela empregados. Estas duas perspectivas de abordagem do símile são atravessadas tendo como fio condutor da exegese o elemento dramático que o próprio autor Platão fez questão que se seguisse à exposição de Sócrates da analogia solar: a reação do personagem Glauco, sobretudo a seguinte passagem: E Glauco muito humorosamente falou: Ah, Apolo, mas que exagero extraordinário! (República VI 509c1-2). O símile do Sol assim é analisado segundo os seus possíveis aspectos de autoria, drama, comicidade e religiosidade, de um lado, e, do outro, segundo os aspectos de sua relação com alguns pontos filosóficos apresentados pelo próprio personagem Sócrates platônico no diálogo e alhures, como a assim chamada Teoria das Ideias, o chamado caminho mais longo, e alguns aludidos métodos de investigação. A partir disso, o presente estudo pretende discutir com, e lançar dúvidas sobre, algumas posições que a tradição da filosofia ocidental construiu nos séculos XX e XXI a respeito da Ideia de Bem dentro do texto da República.
This thesis is an interpretative analysis of the analogy known as simile of the Sun in Plato\'s Republic(508b-509b). The analysis is based on two perspectives: i) that of issues about relationship between author and his characters, and about relationship between the characters and own living drama in the dialogue; and ii) that of issues related to metaphysical argumentation presented in this part of work, whether about its contents or about its methods. In both these approach perspectives of the simile the exegesis\' leitmotiv is the dramatic element that author Plato himself decided put after Socrates\' exposition of analogy of sun: the reaction of character Glaucon, mainly this passage: And Glaucon very comically said: Oh, Apollo, what an extraordinary exaggeration! (RepublicVI 509c1-2). Therefore simile of Sun is analyzed according to its possible features of authorship, drama, comicality and religiosity, on one hand, and, on the other, according to its features about relationship between it and some points made by character Socrates himself in the dialogue and elsewhere, as so called Theory of Ideas, so called longer way, and some alluded to methods of inquiry. With these bases, this study intends discuss with, and cast doubts on, some positions developed at XX and XXI centuries by Western Philosophy tradition about Idea of Good within Republic\'s text.

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Levy, David Foster. "Socrates' Praise and Blame of Eros." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2219.

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Thesis advisor: Christopher Bruell
It is only in "erotic matters" that Plato's Socrates is wise, or so he claims at least on several occasions, and since his Socrates makes this claim, it is necessary for Plato's readers to investigate the content of Socrates' wisdom about eros. This dissertation undertakes such an investigation. Plato does not, however, make Socrates' view of eros easy to grasp. So diverse are Socrates' treatments of eros in different dialogues and even within the same dialogue that doubt may arise as to whether he has a consistent view of eros; Socrates subjects eros to relentless criticism throughout the Republic and his first speech in the Phaedrus, and then offers eros his highest praise in his second speech in the Phaedrus and a somewhat lesser praise in the Symposium. This dissertation takes the question of why Socrates treats eros in such divergent ways as its guiding thread and offers an account of the ambiguity in eros' character that renders it both blameworthy and praiseworthy in Socrates' estimation. The investigation is primarily of eros in its ordinary sense of romantic love for another human being, for Socrates' most extensive discussions of eros, those of the Phaedrus and Symposium, are primarily about romantic love. Furthermore, as this investigation makes clear, despite his references to other kinds of eros, Socrates distinguishes a precise meaning of eros, according to which eros is always love of another human being. Socrates' view of romantic love is then assessed through studies of the Republic, Phaedrus, and Symposium. These studies present a unified Socratic understanding of eros; despite their apparent differences, Socrates' treatment of eros in each dialogue confirms and supplements that of the others, each providing further insight into Socrates' complete view. In the Republic, Socrates' opposition to eros, as displayed in both his discussion of the communism of the family in book five and his account of the tyrannic soul in book nine, is traced to irrational religious beliefs to which he suggests eros is connected. Socrates then explains this connection by presenting romantic love as a source of such beliefs in the Phaedrus and Symposium. Because eros is such a source, this dissertation argues that philosophy is incompatible with eros in its precise sense, as Socrates subtly indicates even within his laudatory treatments of eros in the Phaedrus and Symposium. Thus, as a source of irrational beliefs, eros is blameworthy. Yet eros is also praiseworthy. Despite his indication that the philosopher would be free of eros in the precise sense, Socrates also argues that the experience of eros can be of great benefit in the education of a potential philosopher. Precisely as a source of irrational religious belief, the erotic experience includes a greater awareness of the longing for immortality and hence the concern with mortality that Socrates believes is characteristic of human beings, and by bringing lovers to a greater awareness of this concern, eros provides a first step towards the self-knowledge characteristic of the philosophic life
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science

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Hjelm, Mattias. "Wings of Harmony : An analysis of the conflict of the soul in Plato’s Phaedrus." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-416101.

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In Plato's Phaedrus, the conflict between the rational and non-rational parts of the soul plays a central role. While the best life, according to Plato, is the rational pursuit of philosophical contemplation, the soul can nevertheless not rid itself from its non-rational parts. In the Phaedrus, Plato presents this tension by likening the soul to a winged chariot with a charioteer and two horses. In this essay, I lean on the account of the soul in the Republic to argue that a solution to the conflict can be found by taking the wings of the chariot to symbolise inner harmony. In this way, I show that the non-rational parts of the soul are not a hindrance to the rational pursuit of philosophy, but, in fact, necessary for it.

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Meulder, Marcel. "République VIII-IX, 580 b: une "archéologie" d'un texte platonicien." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213577.

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Siqueira, Sávio Lima. "Mousikê concepção de conhecimento da república V-VII." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8350.

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We analyzed the mousikê (Mουσικὴ) in analogy of the line of platonic knowledge from book VI of the Republic, and in which the intelligible region is located: in Dianoia (διάνοια) or Noesis (νόησις). We talk about the mousikê in the construction of pólis, the confirmation of the insuficience of its teaching on defining justice until its didactic role, which causes to maintain it in education. We also point the critic at the mimésis and all poetic arts, for its distance from the intelligible domain, and the censorship of poets and their representations and the need for their surveillance. We evaluated the mimesis in the mousikê, summarizing the representations that are mimetic arts; the reception to this mimesis, imitation and representation, arguing against the amadores de espetáculos, in book V of the Republic. We found the location of mousikê in intelligible, in the analogy of the line, in Book VI of the República, to the assessment of four cognitive operations presented by Plato. We observed the mousikê as knowledge in Book VII of the Republic, and its role among the other propaedeutic science of dialectics, without realizing what we consider a Pythagorean interpretation of mousikê. The focus of this work is to draw attention to the four cognitive operations of the soul (Rep.511d): Intelligence, Noesis (νόησις), Understanding, Dianoia (διάνοια), Belief, Pistis (pίstis) and Assumption, in the Imaginário (eἰkasίa). We traveled the analyzes by expert researchers as a way to confront our thesis, based on what is written in the Republic. In our interpretation, which is not performed in a Pythagorean way, Plato speaks only of two cognitive operations, not two songs. The only possible location of the mousikê in the Analogy of the Line is in Dianoia, along with other propaedeutical subjects of the Dialectic. In Noesis can only be the dialectic as the summit of science, according to the República. The mousikê cannot find at the apex of the filósofo-rei studies.
Analisamos a mousikê (Mουσικὴ) na analogia da linha do conhecimento platônico do livro VI da República, e em qual região do inteligível está localizada: na Dianoia (διάνοια) ou Noesis (νόησις). Dissertamos sobre a mousikê na construção da pólis, da confirmação da insuficiência do seu ensino na definição da justiça até o seu papel didático, que faz com que se mantenha na educação. Também apontamos à crítica a mimésis e todas as artes poéticas, por sua distância do domínio inteligível, e a censura aos poetas e suas representações e a necessidade da vigilância. Avaliamos a mimesis na mousikê, sintetizando as representações que as artes miméticas fazem; a recepção dessa mimesis, imitação e representação com o argumento contra os amadores de espetáculos presentes no livro V da República. Constatamos a localização no inteligivel da mousikê na analogia da linha no livro VI da República, com a apreciação das quatros operações cognitivas apresentadas por Platão e, observamos a mousikê como conhecimento no livro VII da República, e o seu papel junto às demais ciências propedêuticas da dialética, sem realizar o que consideramos uma interpretação pitagórica da mousikê. O ponto central deste trabalho consiste em chamar a atenção para as quatro operações cognitivas da alma (Rep.511d): Inteligência na Noesis (νόησις), Entendimento na Dianoia (διάνοια), Crença na Pistis (pίstij) e Suposição na Imagem (eἰkasίa). Percorremos a análise feita pelos pesquisadores especializados, como forma de confrontar com a nossa tese, baseada no que está escrito na República. Na nossa interpretação, a qual não é realizada de maneira Pitagórica, Platão apenas fala de duas operações cognitivas, não de duas músicas. A única localização possível da mousikê na Analogia da Linha é na Dianoia, junto com as demais disciplinas propedêuticas da Dialética. Na Noesis só pode haver a dialética como a cúpula das ciências, segundo a própria República. A mousikê não pode se encontrar no ápice dos estudos do filósofo-rei.

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MANGINI, FLORA DE CARVALHO. "DESIRE AND DECIPHERING : PROMISES OF COLLECTIVE AND INDIVIDUAL HAPPINESS IN BOOK IV OF PLATO S REPUBLIC." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=27495@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A cadência argumentativa da República de Platão é organizada principalmente em torno de um único recurso formal, a analogia alma-cidade. Para entendermos melhor como ela funciona e que uso Platão poderia esperar dela, procuramos entender, nesta dissertação, os sentidos de proporção e elementos empregados neste contexto, tendo por instrumento a explicitação de uma comparação que o próprio Platão faz por meio de Sócrates: aquela entre o ordenamento das letras em palavras e o de partes que compõem conjuntos unitários (sejam eles indivíduos ou cidades). A partir desta estrutura podemos entender mais qualificadamente as tripartições da cidade e da alma sugeridas pelo diálogo, a teoria do desejo contida nelas e a possível harmonização das nossas motivações conflitantes, que levam a um conceito coletivo de felicidade.
The course of the argument in Plato s Republic is primarily organized around a single formal engine, the city-soul analogy. To better understand its procedure and the use that Plato might have expected from it, we will seek to understand, in this dissertation, the meanings of proportion and elements employed therein by making more explicit the comparison that Plato himself makes through Socrates: the one between the order of letters in words and the sets of parts that make up units (either in the case of individuals or cities). From this understanding we can address more throughly the tripartions of the city and the soul the dialogue suggests, the theory of desire contained therein and the possible harmonization of our conflicting motivations, which lead to a collective concept of happiness.

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PINHEIRO, VICTOR SALES. "SUN, LINE AND CAVE: THE DIALECTICS OF THE IMAGE OF THE GOOD IN THE REPUBLIC OF PLATO." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=15372@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Esta dissertação examina a idéia do bem na República de Platão, nas famosas imagens do Sol (505a-509b), da Linha (509d-511e) e da Caverna (514a- 521b; 531c-535a). Após uma introdução que justifica a importância do tema e traz as hipóteses centrais deste estudo, é descrito o contexto em que é apresentada a idéia do bem, como fundamento da principal proposição do diálogo, o governo dos filósofos. No capítulo seguinte, o terceiro, é analisado o uso de imagens, didaticamente conduzido por Sócrates a fim de convencer seus interlocutores da necessidade deste conhecimento máximo e do modo de conhecê-lo, a dialética que renuncia às imagens. Neste capítulo terceiro, são estudadas, ainda, a metáfora e a analogia, relacionadas à teoria das idéias, a fim de entender o aparente paradoxo de condenar as imagens usando-as. O objetivo do quarto capítulo é entender a analogia do Sol, que representa a função causal do bem e indica a sua condição ontológica e epistemológica, além do ser e da essência. O quinto capítulo estuda a imagem da Linha, a fim de identificar a posição do bem, como princípio não hipotético de tudo, na estrutura geral da realidade, indicando o estado da alma que o conhece, a noesis. O sexto capítulo estuda a alegoria da Caverna, seu aspecto pedagógico e a forma de conhecimento dialético capaz de alcançar a idéia do bem, demonstrando a conseqüência prática, ética e política, deste saber.
This dissertation examines the idea of the good in the Republic of Plato, in the famous images of the sun (505a-509b), the line (509d-511e) and the cave (514a-521b; 531c-535a). After an introduction that justifies the importance of the subject and brings the central hypothesis of this study, it is described the context in which it is presented the idea of the good, as the fundament of the capital proposition of the dialogue, the philosophers’ government. In the following chapter, the third one, it is analyzed the use of images, conducted by Socrates to convince his interlocutors of the necessity of this maximum knowledge and the way of knowing it, the dialects that renounce images. In this third chapter, it is yet studied the metaphor and the analogy related to the theory of ideas, to understand the apparent paradox of condemning images using them. The aim of the fourth chapter is to comprehend the analogy of the sun, which represents the causal function of the good and indicates its ontological and epistemological condition, beyond being and essence. The fifth chapter studies the image of the line, to identify the position of the good, as the non hypothetical first principle of everything, in the general structure of reality, indicating the state of soul that knows it, the noesis. The sixth chapter studies the allegory of the cave, its pedagogical aspect and the form of dialectical knowledge able to achieve the idea of the good, demonstrating the practical consequence, ethical and political, of this knowledge.

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Carneiro, Gabriela Carvalho. "A relação entre a noção de justiça (dikaiosūnē)e a teoria das Formas na República de Platão." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7773.

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The main objective of this research is to relate the definition of dikaiosūnē in Plato’s Republic to the Theory of Forms. In order to do that, an analysis of the various areas of knowledge in Plato is necessary, since he does not separate the areas of knowledge as the modern scholars usually do. The main theme in the Plato’s Republic is dikaiosūnē (justice). In pursuing a definition of justice that refutes, in a satisfactory way, the definition of Thrasymachus, Plato develops one of his most daring theories. Arguing against Thrasymachus, and answering fundamental questions proposed in the course of this dialogue (what justice is and if justice is more advantageous than injustice), Socrates proposes a new model of polis education. This model of education is based on a theory of psūchē formation, a metaphysics, a morality and an epistemology. In the Republic, one can note that Plato is interested in producing a theory and also a definition of dikaiosūnē that covers different situations. Since the construction of the definition of dikaiosūnē must be present in something that is fair in any situation, it can be said that the only means for this is to suppose a notion of Form of justice that can be applied in different cases, time and objects/individuals. It is important to note that one of the main theses of the Republic is the proposition that ethics and political theory require members of the polis to think and act on the basis of correct ethical judgments. Such judgments should have entities that are sufficiently fixed, stable and determined, which means, for Plato, that it should have Forms as their base. So, we can affirm that even if there is no instance of justice in the world, the Form of justice will be theret. This Justice, however, will be represented and expressed only in the well-ordered polis, the one governed by individuals who have knowledge of the Forms and govern the city in a way they imitate the Forms. This seems to us one a clear sign that there is in the Republic a Form of Justice.
objetivo central da presente pesquisa é relacionar a definição de dikaiosūnē, na República de Platão, com a Teoria das Formas. Para tanto, propomos uma análise do argumento central do texto e de suas conexões, já que Platão não separa as áreas de conhecimento, como os modernos o fazem. O tema central da República é a dikaiosūnē, justiça. Platão busca uma definição de justiça que contrarie, de forma satisfatória, a definição de Trasímaco, para quem a justiça é a vantagem do mais forte. Para tanto, ele desenvolve uma de suas mais ousadas teorias. Ao argumentar contra Trasímaco, e responder às questões fundamentais propostas no decorrer deste diálogo (sobre o que é a justiça e se é a justiça mais vantajosa que a injustiça), Sócrates propõe um novo modelo de educação da polis. Este modelo de educação se baseia em uma teoria de formação da psūchē, em uma metafísica, em uma moral e em uma epistemologia. Na República, pode-se notar o interesse de Platão em construir uma teoria e também uma definição de dikaiosūnē que abranja diferentes situações e, principalmente, que não seja instável. Tendo em vista que a construção da definição de dikaiosūnē deve pairar em algo que seja justo em qualquer situação, pode-se afirmar que o único meio para isto é supor uma noção de Forma de justiça que possa ser aplicada em diferentes casos, tempo e objetos/indivíduos. É relevante observar que uma das teses centrais da República é a proposta de que a ética e a teoria política exigem dos integrantes da polis a capacidade de pensar e agir com base em juízos éticos corretos. Tais juízos devem ter como objetos entidades que sejam fixas, estáveis e determinadas. Desta maneira, podemos afirmar que mesmo que não exista nenhuma instância de justiça no mundo, ainda assim a Forma da justiça poderia existir. Esta Justiça, no entanto, será representada e expressa apenas na polis bem ordenada governada por indivíduos que detêm conhecimento das Formas e que governam de modo a imitá-las, já que outrora as contemplaram. Este nos parece um sinal claro de que há na República uma Forma de Justiça.

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Abdallah, Wissam. "Vad är rättvisa? : En undersökning om vem eller vilka Platons teori riktar sig till." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-145107.

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Plato´s Republic is maybe the most widely read philosophical work of all times. It is the earliest surviving, systematic utopia in Europe´s history and continues to inspire people today. But who did Plato want to address with his work and why? In this paper I will discuss these issues. My thesis is that Plato wanted to direct his Republic to people, men and women, who have a good character and love wisdom in order to make them to think radically differently from the traditional norms. If these would-be philosophers could challenge the old-fashioned way of seeing things they could take the lead to establish a just society. I will also discuss critically two alternative approaches from other philosophers.

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Storey, Damien. "Mere appearances : appearance, belief, & desire in Plato's Protagoras, Gorgias, & Republic." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b13abb0f-978d-4b70-ab01-7c5a4ef448a4.

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This thesis examines the role appearances play, with notable continuity, in the psychology and ethics of Plato's Protagoras, Gorgias, and Republic. Common to these dialogues is the claim that evaluative appearances are almost invariably false: what appears to be good or bad is typically not in fact so and what is good or bad typically does not appear so. I argue that this disparity between apparent and real value forms the basis of Plato's diagnoses of a wide range of practical errors: psychological phenomena like akrasia, mistaken conceptions of the good like hedonism, and the influence of cultural sources of corruption like oratory, sophistry, and poetry. It also, relatedly, forms the basis of his account of lower passions like appetite, anger, or fear. Such passions are especially prone to lead us astray because their objects -- appetitive pleasures like food, drink, or sex, for example -- present especially deceptive appearances. One of the principal aims of this thesis is to show that this presents a significant point of agreement between the psychologies of the Protagoras, Gorgias, and Republic. In all three dialogues, I argue, motivational errors result from a specific kind of cognitive error: the uncritical acceptance of appearances. Plato's early and middle psychologies differ in their account of the subject of this error -- in the Protagoras and Gorgias, the whole person; in the Republic, the appetitive or spirited part of a person's soul -- but not in their basic theory of how our passions arise or, crucially, why they are liable to motivate us towards harmful ends.

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Azarbarzin, Leili F. "Aristotle on the Family: An Analysis of Books I-III of Aristotle’s Politics in reference to Plato’s Republic." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1503.

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This paper is an analysis of Aristotle’s Politics in its critique of Plato’s Republic in reference to the topics of the ideal state and the role of the family. I focused on books I-III in Aristotle’s Politics to gain a deep understanding on Aristotle’s conception of the state and it’s goals in relation to its citizens as well as his critique on Plato’s ideal state. I also read book V and parts of book III of Plato’s Republic to gain a strong understanding of Plato’s requirements of the ideal state. In exploring the ideal states put forth by Plato and Aristotle, it became clear that the two sources of friction are in the state and the family. The first chapter of this paper discusses the general themes of Aristotle’s Politics such as how the state came to exist and the relationship between the good man and the good citizen. The second chapter offers insight to book V of Plato’s Republic but its majority is a focus on the critique of Plato’s proposed guardian or ruling class. The third and final chapter is an examination of how seriously one should take both Plato and Aristotle in their implications for the state and a tongue-in-cheek analysis of Aristotle’s critique of Plato in relation to the role of philosophy. This paper is concluded by considering the true implications of these philosophers on the role of reason and politics; more specifically considering how much of a role reason can have in promoting the state or the family. In understanding the guidelines of these two ideal states, one is better prepared in discussing the role of the family in modern government and to what extent both the family and the state can thrive together.

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Soares, Guilherme de Freitas. "O FILÓSOFO E O ÉTHOS POLÍTICO NA REPÚBLICA DE PLATÃO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9158.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This thesis is concerned with the ethical and political thought of classical Greece, more precisely on the philosophical thought of Plato in the Republic. This is concerned with the thesis that philosophers should take part in the government of cities, the manner as stated in Plato's Republic (473 d), in which Socrates proposes to the other characters dialogue that philosophers should rule the poleis. If it does not, there will be no end to the evils of mankind, or may come to light of the existence a fair city, just like they argue over the dialogues delivered in the Republic. Indeed, the best known work of Plato, the great challenge of Socrates, the main character of the dialogue is to defend the thesis that justice is a good in itself, the greatest good to those who possess the soul, regardless of the consequences and external benefits that may accrue from its ownership. The defense of this view is the thread, in which intertwine other topics within the philosophy of Plato, are necessary to sustain the life of the righteous man is happier there to live. It is, in short, from that defense of justice that is constructed ideal of the philosopher, considered the platonic wise and as the fairest and happy man.
Esta dissertação se ocupa com o pensamento ético e político da Grécia clássica, mais precisamente sobre o pensamento filosófico de Platão em a República. Ela se ocupa com a tese segundo a qual os filósofos devem tomar parte no governo das cidades, ao modo como consta em a República de Platão (473 d), em que Sócrates propõe aos demais personagens do diálogo que os filósofos devem governar as póleis. Caso isso não ocorra, não haverá fim para os males da humanidade, nem poderá vir à luz da existência uma cidade justa, tal qual eles argumentam ao longo dos diálogos proferidos na República. Com efeito, na mais conhecida obra de Platão, o grande desafio de Sócrates, o personagem principal do diálogo, é defender a tese segundo a qual a justiça é um bem em si, o maior dos bens a quem a possuir na alma, independente das consequências e das vantagens externas que possam advir da sua posse. A defesa desse ponto de vista é o fio condutor, no qual se entrelaçam outros temas que, no âmbito da filosofia de Platão, são necessários para sustentar que a vida do homem justo é a mais feliz que há para se viver. É, em fim, a partir dessa defesa da justiça que é construído ideal do filósofo, tido como o sábio platônico e como o homem mais justo e feliz.

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Fragkou, Effrossyni. "Retranslating Philosophy: The Role of Plato's Republic in Shaping and Understanding Politics and Philosophy in Modern Greece." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20720.

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This thesis seeks to advance a new hypothesis for addressing retranslations, namely that the traditional explanation according to which translations become outdated and must be renewed can no longer account for all the aspects of the retranslation phenomenon. I propose to view retranslation as a means of transforming documents into monuments, of unearthing the mass of elements they contain and of making them relevant to the present and to the future. Retranslations become a source of inspiration for original philosophical texts, hence new philosophical trends or schools of thought, and for commentaries on the translation and its agents, all of which reflect the place and time where they emerge, thus shaping symbols of self-representation, collective consciousness, memory, and identity. I test this hypothesis through the exploration of 20th century Modern Greek retranslations of Plato’s Republic and through the examination of the diachronic and synchronic values of key political and philosophical elements of Plato’s system within the retranslations. These retranslations reflect not only how Plato’s philosophy is perceived by the modern Greek philosophical and political environment, but also whether they represent and prolong the canonical discourse on classical philosophy or introduce a more critical turn. I explore a case of a philosophical text whereby key elements of the Republic become a source of inspiration to answer basic questions of justice and polity from a modern point of view. I conclude that retranslations project the aspirations, fears, and values of the time and space in which they emerge while using the openness of the text to add extra layers of interpretation and meaning. Almost all retranslations and their corresponding paratext maintain a consistent referential relationship with one another and with other political and philosophical texts produced during the same period. The link that ties these texts together is not necessarily chronological. It also depends on the discursive approach adopted; the translator’s political or philosophical affiliation; the degree of canonicity of each translation and translator, and the prevailing ideologies of the society in which retranslations emerge. A classical work can become either a vibrant document used to promote, sustain, and revive dominant discourses on politics, national identity or philosophy or, alternately, a reactionary document that voices concerns over the relevance of the canonical or traditional discourse with which the original is equated.

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Moore, Peter Nielson. "INTERPRETING THE REPUBLIC AS A PROTREPTIC DIALOGUE." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/philosophy_etds/20.

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Protreptic is a form of rhetoric, textual and oral in form, which exhorts its recipients to reorient their lives both morally and intellectually. Plato frequently portrays Socrates' use of this rhetoric with interlocutors who are enticed by the moral and political views of figures from Athens' intellectual culture. During these conversations Socrates attempts to persuade his interlocutors to reorient their lives in a way that conforms more closely to his own moral and intellectual practice of philosophy. Plato's depiction of protreptic, however, also exerts a protreptic effect on readers of his dialogues. Plato's writing thus performs a dual function, simultaneously depicting instances of protreptic at work and attempting to exert a protreptic effect on readers. In this dissertation I argue that understanding this dual function of Plato's writing is inseparable from understanding his conception of philosophy. I analyze the structure of protreptic in Plato's writing by identifying four aspects essential to an interpretive method that takes full stock of the protreptic function of Plato's dialogues. These aspects are (1) the proper recipient of protreptic; (2) the persuasive means available to protreptic; (3) the immediate target of persuasion; (4) the ultimate philosophical aim toward which protreptic advances the recipient. While some of these aspects must be determined with respect to particular dialogues, those that concern the form of Plato's writing—such as the means of persuasion and ultimate philosophical goals—can inform a general approach to Plato's dialogues. The means that Socrates uses to persuade his interlocutors are sometimes affective, influencing their emotions, and other times intellectual, appealing to them exclusively with logical argument. I argue that a combination of these means into a form I call “provocative-aporetic” better accounts for the means that Plato uses to exert a protreptic effect on readers. Aporia is a simultaneously intellectual and affective experience, and the way that readers choose to respond to aporia has a greater protreptic effect than either affective or intellectual means alone. The Republic is a crucial dialogue for studying protreptic because it addresses the ultimate moral and intellectual ends toward which Plato hopes to reorient readers, and puts the various protreptic means at Socrates' and Plato's disposal on full display. The dialogue offers both an argument for a life committed to virtue, and an outline of the theoretical insights—mathematical and dialectical—that philosophers may hope to gain from more serious study. It also portrays Socrates in conversation with characters of a variety sufficient to show his rhetorical and argumentative repertoire. In this dissertation I carry out a reading of the Republic according to the four aspects of the structure of protreptic discussed above. More specifically, I identify moments at which Glaucon and Adeimantus answer Socrates' questions in such a way that they concede to Socrates the truth of premises that contradict their defense of the unjust life. These moments reveal that the central point of dispute in the Republic concerns the nature of moral agency— particularly the functions of reason, desire, and habituation for moral agents. Accordingly, I identify two models of agency—a Technē Model and a Virtue Model— that ground their respective defenses of justice and injustice, and hold their own assumptions about reason, desire, and habituation within their respective moral psychologies. Glaucon and Adeimantus' moments of capitulation, function as moments of aporia for readers, who are then provoked to overcome the aporia by explaining why the capitulation is reasonable. In doing so, we gain an account how Glaucon and Adeimantus are coaxed to abandon their original views about justice, injustice, and moral agency and to accept those of Socrates. This account in turn yields insight into protreptic by depicting how Socrates brings about a reorientation toward philosophy from within a non-philosophical perspective.

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Park, E. C. "Plato and Lucretius as philosophical literature : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:97c3ba13-d229-429d-83fc-138fcbaf58b1.

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This thesis compares the interaction of philosophy and literature in Plato and Lucretius. It argues that Plato influenced Lucretius directly, and that this connection increases the interest in comparing them. In the Introduction, I propose that a work of philosophical literature, such as the De Rerum Natura or a Platonic dialogue, cannot be fully understood or appreciated unless both the literary and the philosophical elements are taken into account. In Chapter 1, I examine the tradition of literature and philosophy in which Plato and Lucretius were writing. I argue that the historical evidence increases the likelihood that Lucretius read Plato. Through consideration of parallels between the DRN and the dialogues, I argue that Plato discernibly influenced the DRN. In Chapter 2, I extract a theory of philosophical literature from the Phaedrus, which prompts us to appreciate it as a work of literary art inspired by philosophical knowledge of the Forms. I then analyse Socrates’ ‘prelude’ at Republic IV.432 as an example of how the dialogue’s philosophical and literary teaching works in practice. In Chapters 3 and 4, I consider the treatment of natural philosophy in the Timaeus and DRN II. The ending of the Timaeus is arguably an Aristophanically inspired parody of the zoogonies of the early natural philosophers. This links it to other instances of parody in Plato’s dialogues. DRN II.333-380 involves an argument about atomic variety based on Epicurus, but also, through the image of the world ‘made by hand’, alludes polemically to the intelligently designed world of the Timaeus. Through an examination of Plato’s and Lucretius’ polemical adaptation of their predecessors, I argue that even the most seemingly technical passages of the DRN and the Timaeus still depend upon literary techniques for their full effect. The Conclusion reflects briefly on future paths of investigation.

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Marguerite, Nolan. "A Conversation with Plato : An Enquiry into the Philosophical and Dramatic Role of the Respondents and Socrates in Plato's Republic." Thesis, Open University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518273.

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Plato appears to have used the genre of the philosophical dialogue in a unique way. It could be interpreted as philosophy with dramatic elements, or drama with philosophical arguments, or possibly a mixture of both. This has made it difficult for scholars to gain a clear understanding of Plato and his dialogues. To date, little attention has been paid by commentators to the dramatic and literary aspects of Republic Books II to X. This study has been inspired by the recent debates concerning the dramatic and literary aspects of Plato's dialogues and especially the debates concerning the connections between the philosophical, dramatic and literary aspects of these works. It attempts to add to the scholarship to date by carrying out a detailed investigation of the Republic as a whole, rather than focusing primarily on Book I. This enquiry considers the philosophical and dramatic role of the respondents and Socrates in the Republic. Particular attention is paid to the theme of uncertainty and problematising which runs through the dialogue in the different methods of enquiry adopted by Socrates and the respondents. The examples considered of the input from the respondents, especially Thrasymachus, Glaucon and Adeimantus, together with Socrates' reaction to these, alert the reader to some important connections between the philosophical and dramatic aspects of the Republic. These connections would not become evident from a study of the work from a purely philosophical or literary perspective. They help the reader to gain a broader understanding of the work as a whole and what message or messages Plato may have been trying to convey. They also suggest the need for caution in selecting a particular interpretation of the dialogue as a whole

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PEREIRA, MARCIO CORREA. "THE EDUCATION BY THE POETRY ANALYSIS OF THE BOOKS II, III E X OF THE PLATO S DIALOGUE THE REPUBLIC." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10736@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Este trabalho consiste em uma análise do tratamento dispensado por Platão à poesia no diálogo A República. A proposta que Platão apresenta para a poesia tem profundas motivações éticas e políticas. A poesia (mito) é o principal componente da primeira parte de um processo educacional que tem por principal objetivo instruir a classe de cidadãos que será responsável pela segurança e pelo governo da cidade idealizada no diálogo. Em suas composições, os poetas devem obedecer a normas que são estabelecidas a partir de critérios pedagógicos. Tais normas são necessárias para fazer com que a poesia contribua positivamente para o desenvolvimento de um caráter belo e bom. A teoria poética tem início nos livros II e III, mas, devido a certas noções que serão esclarecidas posteriormente a essa primeira abordagem da poesia, sua conclusão somente pode terminar em um segundo momento. Por isso, defenderemos que o livro X é necessário para completar as determinações que são estabelecidas para a poesia, e que há uma continuidade entre os argumentos defendidos no primeiro estágio com os do segundo estágio da crítica poética. Na primeira parte desta dissertação, analisaremos as teses defendidas nos livros II e III, onde Platão inicia a construção do paradigma de normas poéticas. Em seguida, veremos a conclusão das considerações sobre a poesia apresentada no livro X.
This dissertation consists in an analysis of the poetry in the Plato s dialogue The Republic. The proposal that Plato presents for the poetry has a deeply ethical and political motivation. The poetry (myth) is the main component of the first part of an educational process whose objective is to instruct certain class of citizens responsible both for the security guard and the government of the city idealized in the dialogue. In its works, the poets must follow some norms that obey pedagogical criteria. Such norms are needed to get the poetry to contribute positively for the development of a good and beautiful character. The poetical theory is first approached in Books II and III, but, due to a slight knowledge later clarified, its conclusion could only be reached in the end of the dialogue. Therefore, this work defends that Book X is necessary to conclude the determinations for the poetic art, and that there is a sense of continuity linking the propositions presented in the first period to those of the second stage of the poetical criticism. The first part of this work analyzes the arguments defended in Books II and III, in which Plato initiates the construction of the poetical norms paradigm. The second part analyses the conclusion of the considerations about the poetry presented in Book X.

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Parker, Michael L. "Sex and the Soul: Plato’s Equality Argument in the Republic." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1147887701.

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FRECHEIRAS, KÁTIA REGINA DE OLIVEIRA. "THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE IN PLATO: THE METHOD OF HYPOTHESIS IN THE DIALOGUES MENO (86E-87B), PHAEDO (101D-E) AND REPUBLIC (VI, 509D-511E)." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16788@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A presente tese apresenta uma investigação acerca do método da hipótese em Platão. Foram analisadas as passagens do Mênon (86e-87b), do Fédon (101d-e) e da República (VI, 509d-511e), lugares em que o método hipotético sustentaria um discurso científico, inspirado em métodos matemáticos. No estudo, foram utilizados fragmentos de autores antigos que tratam das matemáticas, além de textos de estudiosos e comentadores contemporâneos sobre a natureza da hipótese, a fim de subtraí-los de compreensões filosóficas anacrônicas em relação ao texto platônico. Entre as três passagens metodológicas foram estabelecidas semelhanças e dessemelhanças, para identificarmos até que ponto esse método se constitui ou não num método único. Caso apresente procedimentos diversos, como eles então, verdadeiramente se apresentam? O vocabulário geométrico utilizado por Platão; as disciplinas matemáticas e sua importância no programa de educação platônico; o método do elenchos e o método analítico dos geômetras gregos, também são objetos de estudo da tese.
This thesis is an investigation of Plato s method of hypothesis. With this purpose, the following passages of Plato s dialogues were analyzed, in which the hypothetical method is supposed to sustain a scientific discourse, inspired by mathematical methods: Meno (86e-87b), Phaedo (101d-e) and Republic (VI, 509d- 511e). In this study, we have used fragments of ancient authors on mathematics, besides texts by contemporary scholars and commentators on the nature of the notion of hypothesis as used by Plato, in order to exclude any anachronic philosophical understanding of it. Among the three methodological passages, similarities and dissimilarities were established, in order to verify to which degree this method is or is not one and the same. In case it shows different procedures, what are they, really? The geometrical vocabulary used by Plato, the mathematical disciplines and their importance in the platonic educational program, the socratic elenchus and the analytical method of the Greek geometers are also objects of investigation.

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Silva, José Wilson da. "A tripartição da alma na república de Platão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-22082012-103423/.

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A teoria moral platônica ganha uma nova abordagem muito mais concisa e de acordo com a realidade da prática humana. Após o período socrático, quando ele desenvolve suas teses na República, a novidade é uma teoria da alma tripartite central para a psicologia, ética e política do pensamento platônico. Descobrir o fundamento que compreenda a raison dêtre desta tripartição é crucial para se entender não apenas a psicologia, ética e política platônica, mas também a ligação com o restante de sua filosofia. Nosso objetivo é exatamente encontrar esse fundamento que julgamos tem sua explicação pela relação alma e corpo desde o momento de sua união, que tem como consequência uma economia da ação humana guiada para três tipos de objetos de desejo: o prazeroso, o belo e o bem.
The Platonic moral theory gains a new approach much more concisely and in accordance with the reality of human practice. After the Socratic period, when he develops his theses in the Republic, the novelty is a tripartite souls theory central to psychology, ethics and politics of Platonic thought. To discover the foundation that understands the raison d\'être of this tripartite partition is crucial to understand not just the psychology, the ethics and the politics of Plato, but also the link with the other fields of his philosophy. Our goal is exactly to find this foundation that we believe has its explanation by the relation between soul and body from the moment of their union, which has resulted in an economic explanation of the human action, guided to three types of objects of desire: the pleasurable, the beautiful and good.

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Brooks, Barbara Honey. "An examination of the influence of Socrates and 3 ancient mystery schools on Plato, his future theories of the soul and spirit, and system of soul-centred education as portrayed in his Republic with educational implications for today /." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26680.

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An examination is made of important influences that shaped both the development of Plato's religious and philosophical teachings/theories of the Soul and Spirit which were based on core Spiritual Laws or Principles, and his scheme of education as outlined in the Republic. Included are Plato's early years and the teachings and influence of Socrates and the Orphic, Pythagorean and Eleusinian Mystery Schools. Plato's system of education is shown to be very much influenced by the Pythagoreans, to involve the 'Principle of Initiation' and to be soul-centered, where all thought is related to 'The One'. The conclusion is that the philosophy and teaching of education today tends to ignore the important integrative principle of unity--the Soul/Spirit connection. A renewed philosophy and scheme of education is introduced incorporating a vision of the whole person.

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Harbsmeier, Martin Sander. "Das Thema der Lebenswahl in Platons Politeia." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17799.

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Die Dissertation greift zwei neuere Ansätze der Platonforschung (P. Stemmer, N. Blößner) auf. Demnach ist Platons ''Politeia'' keine Lehrschrift, sondern eine kohärente Argumentation, die zudem den im ''Phaidros'' entfalteten Kommunikationsregeln folgt, also auf konkrete Situationen, Beweisziele und Personen bezogen ist. Der Autor konzentriert sich besonders auf den letzten Aspekt und hier vor allem auf die jugendlichen Gesprächspartner des Sokrates, die Brüder Glaukon und Adeimantos. Er zeigt, dass deren Analyse, die öffentliche Meinung der Zeit impliziere eine starke Tendenz zum Egoismus, und das bei ihnen daraus erwachsene, im Dialog drängend artikulierte Bedürfnis nach Gewinnung einer fundierten Gegenposition, die sie von Sokrates erwarten, Anlage und Durchführung von dessen Argumentation in der Tat wesentlich beeinflussen. Weil eine allen Einwänden standhaltende Begründung stets den Nachweis erfordert, dass gerecht zu sein ein intrinsisch notwendiger Bestandteil der Eudaimonie, d.h. eines gelingenden Lebens ist, erweist sich die reflektierte Lebenswahl somit als das zentrale Thema der ''Politeia'', das den Dialog zusammenhält und seinen Aufbau sowie den Zusammenhang seiner vielen unterschiedlichen Sachthemen letztlich erklärt. Behandelt wird dieses Thema aber nicht abstrakt, sondern mit Bezug auf die konkrete Situation der Brüder, von denen Glaukon (so der Autor) die initiative Rolle zuzuschreiben sei. Trotzdem gelinge es Platon, das Gespräch nicht um die Entscheidung einzelner Personen für ihre individuelle Lebensführung kreisen zu lassen, sondern um die grundsätzliche – und sich somit auch auf den Leser des Textes beziehende – Frage, auf welcher Erkenntnisbasis, auf welcher methodischen Grundlage und mit welchem Grad an Gewissheit man solche Entscheidungen überhaupt treffen kann. Diese Sicht macht auch die methodischen und erkenntnistheoretischen Explikationen, die Platons Dialog in beträchtlichem Maße enthält, zu essentiellen Bestandteilen der Argumentation.
This dissertation picks up on two recent approaches in Platonic scholarship (P. Stemmer, N. Bloessner), which view Plato’s ''Politeia'' not as a doctrinal work, but rather a coherent argumentation, which, moreover, applies the rules of communication as laid out in the ''Phaedrus'' and is thus related to the argumentative goals of concrete persons in a specific situation. The author primarily focuses on the second aspect, particularly on Socrates’ young interlocutors, the brothers Glaucon and Adeimantus. He shows how their analysis, according to which the public opinion of their time implies a strong tendency towards egoism, and their consequent desire for a well-founded counterargument, for which they turn to Socrates, in fact determines the structure and development of the latter’s argumentation. Since a justification which can withstand all objections requires the demonstration that being just is an intrinsically necessary component of eudaimonia, i.e. of true happiness, a rational life choice thus emerges as the central theme of the ''Politeia'', which gives the dialogue its inner coherence and ultimately explains its structure as well as the connection between the various topics it deals with. This theme is not, however, developed abstractly, but in connection with the concrete situation of the brothers, with Glaucon (according to the author of the dissertation) taking the initiative. However, Plato nonetheless succeeds at not letting the discussion revolve around the particular decisions of an individual regarding a particular way of life, but rather around the fundamental question – which thus also relates to the reader of the text – as to the epistemological and methodological basis for such decisions and the degree of certainty with which they can be reached. According to this interpretation, the methodological and epistemological explications, which figure prominently throughout the dialogue, should be viewed as essential elements of the argumentation.

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Pettersson, Olof. "A Multiform Desire : A Study of Appetite in Plato’s Timaeus, Republic and Phaedrus." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för teoretisk filosofi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-186130.

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This dissertation is a study of appetite in Plato’s Timaeus, Republic and Phaedrus. In recent research is it often suggested that Plato considers appetite (i) to pertain to the essential needs of the body, (ii) to relate to a distinct set of objects, e.g. food or drink, and (iii) to cause behaviour aiming at sensory pleasure. Exploring how the notion of appetite, directly and indirectly, connects with Plato’s other purposes in these dialogues, this dissertation sets out to evaluate these ideas. By asking, and answering, three philosophically and interpretatively crucial questions, individually linked to the arguments of the dialogues, this thesis aims to show (i) that the relationship between appetite and the body is not a matter of survival, and that appetite is better understood in terms of excess; (ii) that appetite is multiform and cannot be defined in terms of a distinct set of objects; and (iii) that appetite, in Plato, can also pertain to non-sensory objects, such as articulated discourse. Chapter one asks what the universe can teach us about embodied life. It argues that Plato, in the Timaeus, works with an important link between the universe and the soul, and that the account of disorder, irrationality and multiformity identifying a pre-cosmic condition of the universe provides a key to understanding the excessive behaviour and condition of a soul dominated by appetite. Chapter two asks why the philosophers of the Republic’s Kallipolis return to the cave, and suggests that Plato’s notion of the noble lie provides a reasonable account of this. By exploring the Republic’s ideas of education, poetry and tradition, it argues that appetite – a multiform and appearance oriented source of motivation – is an essential part of this account. Chapter three asks why Socrates characterizes the speeches of the Phaedrus as deceptive games. It proposes that this question should be understood in the light of two distinctions: one between playful and serious discourse and one between simple and multiform. It argues that the speeches of the Phaedrus are multiform games, and suggests that appetite is the primary source of motivation of the soul addressed, personified by Phaedrus.

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Gonzaga, Alvaro Luiz Travassos de Azevedo. "O direito natural de Platão na República e sua positivação nas leis." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5640.

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This thesis will study the platonic thinking under the Natural Law perspective, especially in The Republic, and its following concretization and integration in Laws. We aim to observe how the platonic doctrine does not change radically, but rather completes itself with the combination of the two mentioned works, for which we shall weave our analysis setting out from the logical temporal proposition in the platonic thinking, considering also the research of his conception of Justice in order to verify the maturity of its posture as it relates to the organization of the polis
A presente tese predispõe-se a estudar o pensamento platônico na perspectiva do Direito Natural, em especial na República, e sua consequente positivação e integração na obra As Leis. Visamos apresentar como a doutrina platônica de justiça não muda radicalmente, mas se completa com a conjugação das obras mencionadas. Para isso, partiremos da proposta temporal lógica do pensamento platônico, bem como da pesquisa de sua concepção de Justiça a fim de verificarmos a maturidade de sua postura com relação à organização da pólis

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Svanefjord, Natasha. "Varför är Platon poet?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30074.

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Anderson, Daniel Paul. "Plato's Complaint: Nathan Zuckerman, The University of Chicago, and Philip Roth's Neo-Aristotelian Poetics." online version, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1196434510.

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Johansson, Einar. "Frivilliga fel : den sokratiska paradoxen och Platons Staten." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-419137.

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I denna uppsats undersöker jag hur två olika tolkningar av den sokratiska frivillighetsparadoxen ingen gör fel frivilligt påverkar möjligheten att förstå Platons dialog Staten. Min hypotes är att de två tolkningarna av frivillighetsparadoxen kastar ljus över diskussionen i Staten, och att det är nödvändigt att förstå frivillighetsparadoxens roll för att förstå vad som står på spel i Staten. I uppsatsen ämnar jag visa att ett möjligt sätt att läsa Staten är att tolka Sokrates och de övriga samtalsdeltagarnas uttalanden baserat på kontexten, eftersom vissa uttalanden är polemiska i sin karaktär, medan andra är traditionella. Jag argumenterar för att såväl den traditionella synen på Sokrates som den polemiska dito är korrekta analyser av Sokrates filosofiska gärning, men inte heltäckande sådana, eftersom Sokrates ibland är polemisk – mot de som kvickt måste nedkämpas – och ibland är instruerande på traditionellt manér, mot de som kan förbättras genom det filosofiska samtalet. Detta sätt att läsa Staten skiljer sig från andra genom att läsaren bör avstå a priori-uppfattningar om Sokrates, Thrasymakos eller Glaukons och Adeimantos ståndpunkter till förmån för att tolka beteenden hos samtalsdeltagarna samt deras uppfattningar, vilka förmedlas av texten.

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Gonzaga, Alvaro Luiz Travassos de Azevedo. "A justiça em Platão e a filosofia do direito." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7315.

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The present work intends to study the change in the platonic doctrine from the Young Dialogues to the Average Dialogues, concerning the Theory of the Cardinal Virtues (Justice, Moderation, Courage and Wisdom). We will analyze the unicity of the Virtues in Protagoras, as well as the possibility of their dissociation in The Republic. Still in The Republic, we shall explore how Justice is constructed in the idealistic platonic city. Finally, we will approach the possibility of the conflict between the soul and the acrasia
O presente trabalho predispõe-se a estudar a mudança da doutrina platônica, dos Diálogos Jovens para os Diálogos Médios, no que diz respeito à Teoria das Virtudes Cardinais (Justiça, Temperança, Coragem e Sabedoria). Analisaremos a unicidade das virtudes na obra Protágoras, bem como a possibilidade de sua separabilidade na obra A República. Ainda em A República, será estudado como se constrói a Justiça na cidade ideal platônica. Por fim, abordaremos a possibilidade do conflito da alma com a acrasia

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Lazarini, Ana Lucia. "Platão e a educação : um estudo do livro VII de "A Republica"." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/252980.

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Orientador : Rene Jose Trentin Silveira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: Esta pesquisa consiste num estudo a respeito do pensamento educacional de Platão, tendo como base uma de suas principais obras, A República, com ênfase no livro VII, onde o autor descreve as diferentes etapas da educação do filósofo. Levando em consideração o contexto em que o autor está inserido, serão abordados os dois momentos da educação platônica descritos na alegoria da caverna: o primeiro, relativo a um processo de elevação visando à contemplação do bem, representado pela saída da caverna e o segundo, concernente a um processo de regressão que implica saber como proceder em meio aos cidadãos, metaforizado pelo retorno à habitação subterrânea. Procurando sistematizar as principais idéias aí contidas, mostrar-se-á que essas duas direções são, segundo Platão, necessárias para que se efetive uma educação plena por ele planejada para os futuros guardiões da cidade ¿ os filósofos. Tendo a clara noção de que tal ideal seria muito dificilmente atingível, Platão deixa evidente na própria alegoria que o processo de ascensão da alma constitui um longo e gradual percurso, com diferentes estágios, e um amplo currículo, caracterizando-se como um elevar-se para além das experiências sensíveis, a fim de alcançar a sabedoria suprema ¿ a ciência do bem. Ao encetar tal discussão, este trabalho pretende inserir-se no debate acerca do tema ¿ A Educação em Platão ¿ e retomar, uma vez mais, a contribuição de um pensador da maior relevância para a Filosofia da Educação e com quem ainda temos tanto a aprender
Abstract: This research consists of a study about the educational thought of Plato, having as basis one of his main works The Republic, with emphasis in book VII, where the author describes the different stages of the education of the philosopher. Taking into consideration the context where the author is inserted, it will be approached the two moments of the platonic education described in the allegory of the cave: the first, relating to a process of elevation aiming at the contemplation of the good, represented by the exit of the cave and the second, concerning a process of regression that implies to know how to proceed in the middle of the citizens, metaphorized by the return to the underground habitation. Trying to systemize the main ideas enclosed there, it will be showed that these two directions are, according to Plato, necessary in order to accomplish a full education planned by him for the future guardian of the city ¿ the philosophers. Having the clear notion that such ideal would be very hardly attainable, Plato lets clear in the own allegory that the process of ascension of the soul constitutes a long and gradual journey, with different stages, and a wide curriculum, characterizing as a rising beyond the sensible experiences, in order to reach the supreme wisdom ¿ the science of the good. Upon beginning such discussion, this work intends to introduce itself in the debate concerning the subject ¿ the Education in Plato ¿ and retake, once more, the contribution of a thinker of a great importance for the Philosophy of Education and whom we still have so much to learn
Mestrado
Historia, Filosofia e Educação
Mestre em Educação

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Brooks, Barbara Honey. "An examination of the influence of Socrates and 3 ancient mystery schools on Plato, his future theories of the Soul and Spirit, and system of soul-centered education as portrayed in his Republic with educational implications for today." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ29485.pdf.

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McDonald, Matthew William McDonald. "The Good, the Bad, and the Grouch: A Comparison of Characterization in Menander and the Ancient Philosophers." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1461335881.

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Leite, José Assunção Fernandes. "A República de Platão: relação entre os livros I, II, III, IV e VIII." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11821.

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One of the criticisms that have been made to the Book I of the Republic is the fact that it is disconnected from the remaining of the work, since there is an aporia at the end of the dialogue, a characteristic of dialogues from Plato s youth, also known as Socratic for dealing with questions deemed as ethical. The model of dialogue written by Plato in his youth, and its similarities with the Book I have lead some commentators to believe that this book may precede the others, and even be out of the context of the work. Being aware of the complexity of this piece of work from Plato, we proceeded to verify whether in fact this first book does not belong with the others. To this end it was necessary to choose a proper approach, since depending on one s purpose different paths can be followed in the Republic. We collected the theses of the characters from Book I and II to check whether or not the aforementioned philosopher will abandon the ideas presented by Cephalus, Polemarchus, Thrasymachus, Glaucus and Adeimantus. Given their theses, we noticed firstly the methodological differences in the dialogues between the characters. Secondly, we detected a relationship between the three theses and the three sectors, and between the three powers of the soul and the myth of the races in the Book III. Finally, given the just city and its fundaments, we studied the relationship between the character s theses and the constitution models regarded as decadent in the Book VIII, analysing whether such theses are present or not, partially or integrally. In this process of analysing the constitutions, we also paid attention to the education adopted in each one of the pólis models. Our reflection in the present work consisted in demonstrating that the Book I of the Republic is not disconnected from the remaining of the work, since the earlier theses reappear in some form in the Book VIII
Uma das críticas feitas ao Livro I de A República é o fato de ele ser um livro desvinculado do restante da obra por apresentar uma aporia no final, característica dos diálogos considerados da juventude de Platão, conhecidos também como socráticos por lidarem com questões compreendidas como éticas. Esse modelo de diálogo produzido por Platão na juventude e suas semelhanças com o Livro I eferido levam alguns comentadores a acreditarem que ele seja anterior aos demais e até descontextualizado da obra. Sabemos da complexidade dessa obra e, por isso, fomos verificar se realmente esse primeiro livro é ou não desvinculado do restante. Para tanto, tivemos que escolher um caminho, já que, dependendo do objetivo, A República se pode trilhar por percursos distintos. Nesse caso, recolhemos as teses dos personagens do Livro I e II para verificarmos se Platão abandona ou não o que é apresentado por Céfalo, Polemarco, Trasímaco, Glauco e Adimanto. Dadas essas teses, constatamos, logo ao início, as diferenças metodológicas nos diálogos entre os personagens. Em seguida, detectamos uma relação entre as três primeiras teses do Livro I com os estamentos, as três potências da alma e o mito das raças. Por fim, dada a cidade justa e seus fundamentos, fomos verificar a relação das teses dos primeiros personagens com os modelos de constituições consideradas decadentes no Livro VIII, se estão ou não presentes quer na totalidade, quer parcialmente. Nesse processo de observação das constituições, verificamos a educação adotada em cada um dos modelos das poleis. Nossa reflexão, no presente trabalho, foi a de demonstrar que o Livro I de A República se encontra vinculado ao restante dos outros livros, tanto que as primeiras teses reaparecem de algum modo no Livro VIII

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Marchi, Alessandra Daniela. "A virtude e o justo no Górgias de Platão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-15032010-121503/.

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A obra platônica pode ser dividida em três fases distintas que agrupam diálogos com características comuns. No entanto, alguns diálogos são de difícil colocação, pois possuem características comuns a mais de uma fase. O Górgias é um desses diálogos, por um lado, possui argumentos característicos dos primeiros diálogos, e, por outro, demonstra uma maturidade temática e uma postura dogmática de Sócrates que mais se aproxima da República, portanto, da segunda fase. Entender quais são as possibilidades de agrupamento dos diálogos de Platão é fundamental para se propor o deslocamento do Górgias dos diálogos socráticos para a segunda fase, ou seja, aproxima-lo do mesmo ambiente conceitual da República, e, a partir disto, começar a enxergar no texto elementos filosóficos relevantes ao desenvolvimento da filosofia moral e política de Platão.
The platonic work can be divided into three distinct phases which form groups of dialogues with common characteristics. Nevertheless, some dialogues are hard to be placed because have characteristics which are commons to more tan one phase. The Górgias is one of these dialogues, from one side, has arguments characteristically from the first dialogues and, from the other, demonstrate thematic maturity and a dogmatic posture from Sócrates which approximates more to the Republic, therefore, the second phase. To understand which are the possibilities of grouping the Plato dialogues is fundamental to propose shifting Górgias from the socratic dialogues to the second phase, therefore approaching it to the same environmental concept of Republic, and, from this point, start seeing in the text philosophical elements relevant to the development of the moral and political philosophy of Plato.

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Sousa, Jose Renato de Araujo. "A negação dialetica da poesia em A Republica de Platão." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281604.

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Orientador : Alcides Hector Rodriguez Benoit
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Um dos temas mais famosos discutidos peIa filosofia platônica, na sua forma dialógica, é o tema da poesia. Ainda hoje, comentadores têm dedicado especial atenção à teoria poética de PIatão. Seu rigor para analisar a fonna do conteúdo poético, sua teoria da mímesis,sua ameaça de expulsar a poesia, etc., são motivos que prendem o leitor de A República,principalmente quando ele percebe que aquilo que mais PIatão condena - o colorido da poesia, suas figuras de linguagem, sua ficção etc., estar presente ali dentro do diálogo, fazendo parte daquelas belas mentiras, os mitos. Mas o que aparece assim, como contradição nessa teoria, é o que denuncia as aproximações de dois discursos advindos das Musas, que convivem de modo nem sempre hostil nos diálogos de PIatão. Uma ele chamou de Musa Aduladora, para se referir a Musa que inspira os poetas. A outra é a Musa da Filosofia, que remonta a Parmênides, quando lhe ensinou a se desviar do caminho ilusório dos sensíveis, para adentrar na morada da verdade e da justiça. Em A República,PIatão parece querer separar essas duas Musas, mostrando assim que elas habitam casas diferentes, e que o homem deve se tomar consciente de suas diferenças para poder escolher que caminho vai seguir: o de Parmênides ou o de Homero
Abstract: One of the most famous themes discussedby the platonic philosophy, in its dialogic fonn, is the theme of the poetry. Still In the present time commentators have been dedicating speciaI attention to the poetic theory of Plato. Its rigidity to analyze the fonn of the poetic content, its theory of the mimesis,its menace of expellingthe poetry, they are reasons that call the attention the reader of The Republic, mainly when he notices that the aspects wich Plato condemns - the coloring of the poetry, its language illustrations,its fiction, among others, are widely in this narrative, being part of those beautifullies, the myths. But what appears, as contradiction in that theory is what denounces the approaches of two speeches proceeding of the Muses,that they coexist in a waynot alwayshostile in the dialogues of Plato. One he called the flattering Muse, to refer Muse that inspires the poets. The other, the Muse of the Philosophy, that retraces to Parmenide, when she taught him deviate of the illusory road of the sensitive ones, to penetrate in the habitation of the tmth and of the justice. In the Republic,Plato seems to want to separate those two Muses, showing with it that they inhabit different houses, and that the man should become conscious of its differences to choose the road proceed: the one of Parmenide or the one of Homero
Mestrado
Mestre em Filosofia

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50

Rodrigues, Elza Maria. "Um breve estudo sobre a educação na republica de Platão." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/252900.

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Orientador: Patrizia Piozzi
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: Esta dissertação de mestrado na Educação: ¿Breve estudo sobre a educação na República de Platão¿, contempla a importância da educação na formação do povo grego, particularmente na pólis platônica, como podemos verificar no diálogo que serviu de base para nossa pesquisa: A República, de Platão. Tratamos de questões que dizem respeito à formação do melhor cidadão, em vista à cidade ideal, a cidade justa. Nos detivemos em questões que o filósofo, ao longo desse diálogo, desenvolve acerca de uma nova Paidéia. A cidade da República é uma cidade feliz, uma vez que seus habitantes observem as leis e exerçam a função que foram naturalmente destinados a exercer na cidade. A educação tem a função de moldar esse cidadão para exercer uma das três funções possíveis na pólis, ou seja, a de guardião, a de guerreiro ou a de artesão. Ressaltamos ainda a importância de se formar cidadãos conscientes do papel que deve ser desempenhado na sociedade da qual participam
Abstract: This is study/dissertation on education in the Republic, of Plato¿s, privileges the paper of the education of the citizen, in habitant of the polis of the Republic. The objective of the foundation of these polis, exactly in logos, is the reform of the education to guarantee that the citizen executes in the city the function for which of course is cut to exert
Mestrado
Educação, Sociedade, Politica e Cultura
Mestre em Educação

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Дисертації з теми "Plato. Republic"

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