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1
Alyona, Lovska, Fomin Oleksij, Chechet Anna, and Soloviova Olena. "DETERMINING THE FEATURES OF LOADING THE IMPROVED BEARING STRUCTURE OF A PLATFORM WAGON FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OF MILITARY EQUIPMENT." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 7 (105) (2020): 20–26. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.203245.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper reports the improvement in the bearing structure of a platform wagon that transports military equipment and is involved in artillery fire. A special feature of the platform wagon is the presence of rotary sectors made from a composite material with viscous or elastic-viscous links, which makes it possible to absorb the kinetic energy that is transmitted to the frame when firing from the wagon, as well as enables the loading/unloading of military equipment from its side. We have investigated the dynamic loading of the bearing structure of a platform wagon for military equipment transportation and combat operations. A mathematical model has been constructed, which takes into consideration the movement of the bearing structure of a platform wagon when firing from it. It has been considered that the platform wagon is loaded with two anti-aircraft guns. The mathematical model was solved in the Mathcad programming environment. The study was conducted in a flat coordinate system. We have determined the accelerations that act on the bearing structure of a platform wagon. The maximum acceleration rate, in this case, is about 3.6 m/s<sup>2</sup> at bouncing oscillations and 4.0 m/s<sup>2</sup> at galloping oscillations. In other words, considering the proposed technical solutions, the dynamic loading of the bearing structure of a platform wagon in the vertical plane at firing decreases by almost 30 %. The magnitude of the acceleration is almost independent of the firing angle in this case. The derived acceleration values have been taken into consideration in determining the strength indicators for the bearing structure of a platform wagon. Calculation was carried out by the method of finite elements in the CosmosWorks programming environment. The maximum equivalent stresses in the bearing structure of a platform wagon amounted to about 285 MPa; they are concentrated in the region where the bearing structure rests on the trolley. Consequently, the durability of the bearing structure of a platform wagon is ensured. Modal analysis of the bearing structure of a platform wagon has been conducted. The values of the natural oscillation frequencies are within allowable limits. Our research would contribute to designing innovative structures for platform wagons
2
Šťastniak, Pavol, Pavol Kurčík, and Alfréd Pavlík. "Design of a new railway wagon for intermodal transport with the adaptable loading platform." MATEC Web of Conferences 235 (2018): 00030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823500030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the article is to present the structural design of freight railway wagon with variable use of loading space with regard to the safe operation and assessment of the properties by the calculation methods of simulation analysis. Virtual model of wagon was created in a computer program PTC/Creo. After creating the construction, the calculation model of the wagon frame was subjected to the static and dynamic analysis in programs ANSYS and ADAMS/Rail. On the basis of computer aided simulation analysis was optimized the chassis frame of the wagon. This wagon will be able to offer even more capacity and utilize less resources and energy than current wagons for intermodal transport.
3
Kolysnychenko, I., and V. Tkachov. "Identification of objects based on the data of tenzometrical systems with using methods of machine learning." Collection of Research Papers of the National Mining University 72 (March 2023): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/crpnmu/72.161.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective. To increase the quality of work of tensometric systems, using data obtained from the strain gauge system in the form of maps of the passage of moving objects, it is necessary to conduct research on the data of the strain gauge system and develop a set of algorithms, thanks to which it is possible to obtain the characteristics of railway cars in rolling stock and carry out identification of railway objects objects with a minimum error for further use of the obtained results in the construction of a system of identification and weighing of moving objects through tensometric systems. Research methods. To build a system for identifying different types of moving objects through single-platform railway scales in motion, it is proposed to use machine learning methods, namely neural networks and clustering algorithms. The software implemented as part of scientific research is written in the Python programming language using numPy, sklearn, statistics, and other libraries. Findings. Using such methods of machine learning as convolutional neural networks, clustering, perceptron and relying on the reference data of railway objects that can be used on the territory of Ukraine, a number of algorithmic solutions were obtained and implemented in the form of software, which identify the type of car by such characteristics such as the axle of the cart, the axle of the wagon, the ratio of the base of the wagon to the length of the wagon between the couplings, the weight of the axles. Using the weight coefitient for a specific tensometric system, during the calibration of the scales, the dependence of the weight of the car on its type and the mass of each of the axles was obtained. The originality. After conducting a study of the data on the passage of railway carriages and auto couplings through single-platform scales, it was established that the types of wagons can be categorized by such characteristics as the ratio of the base of the wagon to the length of the wagon between the auto couplings, the axle, weight. To obtain the ratio of the wagon base to the length of the wagon between autocouplings, it is necessary to perform data segmentation and clustering as follows - the wagon base is found as the distance between the middle of two bogies, and the length of the wagon between autocouplings as the middle of the distance between the bogies to the middle of the autocoupling. Practical implications. Using such methods of machine learning as convolutional neural networks, clustering, perceptron and others, an algorithmic solution for data processing of strain gauge systems was obtained, which allows to increase the accuracy of the identification of wagons, while reducing the dependence of the results on the speed of the wagons, which allows to increase the capacity of weighing systems of enterprises
4
Fomin, O. V., A. O. Lovska, A. M. Fomina, S. M. Turpak, and S. V. Hrytsai. "Load of the wagon-platform for transportation of bulk cargoes." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 5 (October 30, 2022): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-5/054.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose. To substantiate the improvement of the load-bearing element of the wagon-platform for the possibility of transporting bulk cargoes. Methodology. In order to be able to transport bulk cargo on the wagon-platform, it is proposed to install a composite boiler module on it. In order to determine the dynamic load of the improved load-bearing structure of the wagon-platform, mathematical modeling was performed. The mathematical model formed by professor Bohomaz H.I. was used. However, within the framework of the research this model was refined to determine the load of the wagon-platform of the proposed design. The solution of the system of differential equations is carried out in the MathCad software package. To do this, the mathematical model was reduced to the normal Cauchy form, and then integrated by the Runge-Kutta method. The obtained acceleration is taken into account when calculating the strength of the advanced load-bearing structure of the wagon-platform. The calculation is performed in the SolidWorks Simulation software package, which implements the finite element method. Also, within the research the modal analysis of a load-bearing structure of the wagon-platform is carried out. Findings. Based on the calculations, it is established that the acceleration acting on the load-bearing structure of the wagon-platform car is 0.38 g, i.e. it is within acceptable limits. The results of the calculation of the strength of the improved design of the wagon-platform showed that the maximum equivalent stresses occur in the area of interaction of the spine beam frame with the pivot and is about 340 MPa, the maximum displacement made 8.6 mm. That is, the obtained stresses do not exceed the yield strength of the structural material. The results of the modal analysis showed that the values of the natural frequencies of oscillations are within acceptable limits, because the first natural frequency has a value greater than 8 Hz. Originality. The scientific substantiation of improvement of a load-bearing structure of a universal wagon-platform to transportations of bulk cargoes is carried out. Practical value. The conducted research will promote increase in efficiency of operation of railway transport and creation of developments concerning planning of innovative designs of a rolling stock.
5
Lovska, Alyona, Juraj Gerlici, Ján Dižo, and Vadym Ishchuk. "Štúdia vplyvu medziadaptéra na dynamické zaťaženie nosnej konštrukcie plošinového vozňa." Technológ 15, no. 5 (2023): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/tech.c.2023.5.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to reduce the dynamic load of the platform wagon, it is proposed to use an intermediate adapter between the frame and the load. The reduction of dynamic loads is carried out due to the dissipative forces that arise in the adapter when the wagon bounces. The results of mathematical modeling of the vertical loading of the platform wagon are given, taking into account the proposed solution. It was established that the accelerations acting on the supporting structure of the platform wagon are reduced by 8.5 % compared to the typical one. The acceleration acting on the load placed on the frame of the platform wagon is 11.8 % lower than that acting on it, taking into account the typical load perception scheme. The peculiarities of determining the strength of the adapter under its vertical load are highlighted. The conducted research will contribute to the creation of developments in the design of modern structures of railway vehicles.
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Krason, W., and T. Niezgoda. "FE numerical tests of railway wagon for intermodal transport according to PN-EU standards." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 62, no. 4 (2014): 843–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2014-0093.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A special wagon, presented in the paper, can be used for intermodal transport of various types of vehicles. It enables transport of vehicles of 36 tons mass and height of 4m on the GB1 clearance height. An innovative wagon is equipped with a frame-support with marginal parts mounted on standard biaxial bogies and the central part lowered with a rotatable loading platform. The rotating part of wagon acts as a kind of platform, allowing truck to move through it during load/unload. During railway operation, this rotating platform is to become an integrated part of the wagon; the tailboards of the rotating part will be connected to the over-bogie part with the special locks. A unique concept of the wagon structure forced a design approach which was rather unusual for the rail industry. Since the design team aimed at very challenging demands of GB1 envelope and usage of standard bogies, the layout of the wagon had to be thoroughly examined in terms of its overall stiffness. Every major design change had to be simulated in order to accurately predict its influence on the whole wagon structure. FE analysis was used for numerical tests of such a wagon structure in different configurations. The calculations were carried out on the basis of PN-EN standards. Selected results of numerical tests of the prototype version of a such wagon for intermodal transports were presented in the paper.
7
Nader, Mirosław, Michał Opala, and Jarosław Korzeb. "Selected studies of dynamics of railway flat-car used for transport of semi-triler truck (TIR)." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 125 (June 1, 2019): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6574.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper presents a pilot analysis of the dynamics of a railway wagon designed for transporting road semi-trailer trucks. Attention was given to the innovative solution of the wagon construction, having a movable platform enabling transportation of road vehicles as a part of intermodal transport. The technical description presented in the article takes into account the provisions of Patent No. 214797, for the invention under the name "Railway transport wagon, railway transport unit and railway transport system containing such wagon". The work presents the concept of technical characteristics of the wagon construction solution and a simulation model was built using in-house software. The technical parameters were analyzed, followed by pilot simulation tests. This paper presents the results of research on the dynamics of the platform wagon, loaded with a typical road semi-trailer truck. The system's eigenvalues were analyzed, allowing for the initial assessment of dynamic phenomena occurring in the conditions of exploitation of the loaded wagon. The tests are of pilot nature and constitute a prelude to carry out complex simulation analyzes including tests of dynamics while running on transition curves, arcs, and wear of the rolling surfaces of wheels and rails at different traffic speeds.
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Kudyukin, Vladimir, Aleksandr Vukolov, and Vladislav Kuz'min. "Simulation Modeling of the Robotic System Operations Designed for Parallel Train Break-Up on Automated Humps." Transport automation research 11, no. 1 (2025): 16–29. https://doi.org/10.20295/2412-9186-2025-11-01-16-29.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Within the framework of the Digital Railway Terminal Concept, it is expected to create robotic complexes that provide automatic train break-up and wagon uncoupling at a sorting hump. This article deals with the issue of selecting technical and operational characteristics and algorithm for a mobile platform moving part of such a robotic complex. The article describes the developed mathematical model that takes into account various options of the mobile platform movements. Using the developed model, various designs of the robotic complex mobile platform have been compared including those by a number of consecutively formed wagon cuts. The simulation has shown that a greater number of consecutively formed wagon cuts can be achieved by increasing the speed and acceleration of the mobile platform carriage, as well as by using a more complex algorithm for the mobile platform carriage. This requires the use of an additional fixed track sensor designed for measuring the distance between the current carriage ordinates and automated couplers to be uncoupled.
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Lovskaya, Alyona, Juraj Gerlici, Oleksij Fomin, Kateryna Kravchenko, Pavlo Prokopenko, and Tomas Lack. "Improvement of the bearing structure of the wagon-platform of the articulated type to ensure the reliability of the fixing on the deck of the railway ferry." MATEC Web of Conferences 254 (2019): 02035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925402035.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the article the results of studies of loading of the bearing structure of a wagon-platform of an articulated type, created on the basis of the existing construction, during transportation on the railway ferry by sea are given. In order to ensure the reliability of the fixing of the bearing structure of the wagon-platform of the articulated type relative to the deck of the railway ferry, it is proposed to equip it with knots for fixing the chain ties. To study the dynamic loading of a wagon-platform of an articulated type during transportation on a railway ferry by sea, constructed a mathematical model of oscillations with angular displacements relative to the longitudinal axis of the vessel (loll/heel). The maximal values of accelerations, as components of dynamic load, acting on the bearing structure of a wagon-platform are determined. The obtained acceleration values are taken into account when calculating the strength of the bearing structure using the finite element method implemented in the CosmosWorks software environment. It is established that the maximum equivalent tension do not exceed permissible values. The carried out researches will promote increase of efficiency of combined transportations in the direction of the international transport corridors.
10
Zadorozhniy, Vyacheslav, Ksenia Zyryankina, and Maksim Bakalov. "Forecasting rolling stock indicators in the market of transport services using the neural network method." E3S Web of Conferences 549 (2024): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454904007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research is aimed at identifying patterns in the formation of tariffs, forecasting wagon rental rates and other indicators of the use of rolling stock using the neural network method. The process of tariff formation in the transport services market is investigated using the neural network method on the 1C platform. Various indicators of wagon use that affect the wagon rental rate are presented. They consider various approaches to tariff setting and propose principles for an optimal approach to setting tariffs in modern conditions. The results of the research can be applied in the further development of methods for forecasting and setting tariffs in railway transport. Keywords. railway tariff, wagon, rolling stock indicators, mathematical analysis, neural network method, forecasting.
11
Nayeri, Christian Navid, Jonathan Tschepe, Harald Schulze, and Hanno Schell. "Aerodynamic Drag Reduction of Railroad Tank Wagons." Fluids 7, no. 8 (2022): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7080283.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several geometrical modifications for passive flow control applied to a railroad tank wagon were investigated for the purpose of assessing the potential for the aerodynamic optimization of freight trains. The modifications were designed in accordance with applicable requirements and regulations. Four different modifications were investigated in the wind tunnel of the TU Berlin with 1:25 scaled wagon models: face radius, side skirts, fairing of the roof platform, and the newly introduced inter-wagon discs. In order to simulate the positions of the tested wagon at the end of a long train, the boundary layer on the train model setup was artificially thickened by spires. The Reynolds number was in the range of 0.4 × 106. The results of the experiments show that the proposed measures can reduce the aerodynamic drag of the individual wagon by up to 29%, depending on the location in the train consist. It was also shown that by combining different measures, the individual drag reductions add up. The device with the highest drag reduction was found to be the inter-wagon disc. Three different diameters of the inter-wagon disc were investigated. The largest diameter performed best and was less sensitive to the moving direction of the wagon in comparison to the smaller diameters.
12
Silva, Rúben, Diogo Ribeiro, Cássio Bragança, Cristina Costa, António Arêde, and Rui Calçada. "Model Updating of a Freight Wagon Based on Dynamic Tests under Different Loading Scenarios." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (2021): 10691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210691.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article presents an efficient methodology for the calibration of a numerical model of a Sgnss freight railway wagon based on experimental modal parameters, namely natural frequencies and mode shapes. Dynamic tests were performed for two distinct static loading configurations, tare weight and current operational overload, under demanding test conditions, particularly during an unloading operation of the train and without disturbing its tight operational schedule. These conditions impose restrictions to the tests, especially regarding the test duration, sensor positioning and system excitation. The experimental setups involve the use of several high-sensitivity accelerometers strategically distributed along with the vehicle platform and bogies in the vertical direction. The modal identification was performed with the application of the enhanced frequency-domain decomposition (EFDD) method, allowing the estimation of 10 natural frequencies and mode shapes associated with structural movements of the wagon platform, which in some cases are coupled with rigid body movements. A detailed 3D FE model of the freight wagon was developed including the platform, bogies, wheelsets, primary suspensions and wheel–rail interface. The model calibration was performed sequentially, first with the unloaded wagon model and then with the loaded wagon model, resorting to an iterative method based on a genetic algorithm. The calibration process allowed the obtainment of the optimal values of eight numerical parameters, including a double estimation of the vertical stiffness of the primary suspensions under the unloaded and loaded static configurations. The results demonstrate that the primary suspensions present an elastic/almost elastic behaviour. The comparison of experimental and numerical responses before and after calibration revealed significant improvements in the numerical models and a very good correlation between the experimental and numerical responses after calibration.
13
Šťastniak, Pavol. "Wagon Chassis Frame Design with Adaptable Loading Platform." Manufacturing Technology 15, no. 5 (2015): 935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/mt/15/5/935.
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Brezulianu, Adrian, Cristian Aghion, Marius Hagan, et al. "Active Control Parameters Monitoring for Freight Trains, Using Wireless Sensor Network Platform and Internet of Things." Processes 8, no. 6 (2020): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8060639.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Operating in a dynamic and competitive global market, railway companies have realized many years ago that better management of their logistical operations will enhance their strategic positions on the market. The financial component of daily operations is of utmost importance these days and many companies concluded that maximizing the profit relies on the integration of logistical activities with better income management. This paper presents a system consisting of three components: Ferodata BOX, Ferodata MOBILE, and Ferodata SYS, used to transmit to a web-server the status and operating information of an electric or diesel train. Train information includes data from locomotives, wagons, train driver, route, direction, fuel or electric consumption, speed, etc. All this information is processed in real-time and can be viewed in the web-server application. Additionally, the web-server application could manage and report details that are coming from the wagons, such as valuable information regarding the bogie wear, the identification of the wagons attached to a gasket, and identification the situations in which a wagon or group of wagons comes off the gasket configuration. All information about the status of trains is available on-line and at any moment the person responsible for management can use these data in their work.
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Shabelnikov, A. N., I. A. Olgeizer, and A. V. Sukhanov. "Concept of Digital Platform at Marshalling Yards." World of Transport and Transportation 19, no. 1 (2021): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2021-19-1-60-73.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Implementation of the Industry 4.0 concept is considered in the context of automation of railway transport. The analysis refers to prerequisites for creation of a universal digital platform integrating automation systems at a marshalling yard.The example of JSC Russian Railways has contributed to describe the main goals of Digital Station concept, aimed at fusion of data from low-level local automation equipment. The presented functionality of the system for control and processing information on movements of wagons and locomotives at the station in real time (SCPI MWL RT) implements the set goals by integrating initial data from all automation and centralised traffic control systems operating at the station, checking it for consistency, eliminating information redundancy and generating in real time the current model of a marshalling yard regarding trains and wagons and based on data «from the wheel».Description of the existing functionality of SCPI MWL RT, implemented at a facility, is followed by the analysis of the advantages of this system for the railway cargo transportation network. The objective of the paper is to present some previously unpublished technical solutions for implementation of the specified functionality. The methods of the research are based on fusion of heterogeneous data received from floor devices, specialised video cameras, as well as from real-time wagon positioning models.It is shown that adoption of new technical solutions for SCPI MWL RT will allow to considerably improve the quality of planning of technological process of classifying railway wagons and of forecasting the need for infrastructure maintenance. Deep learning algorithms presented ensure functioning of the developed solutions in real time with high accuracy. Further steps described refer to implementation of a digital platform in the form of a digital twin of a marshalling yard, creating thus a prerequisite for development of an intelligent automatic machine to control the marshalling yard, as well as for further planned ways to implementation there-of.
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Fomin, Oleksij, Juraj Gerlici, Alyona Lovskaya, Kateryna Kravchenko, Oleksii Burlutski, and Vladimír Hauser. "Peculiarities of the mathematical modelling of dynamic loading on containers in flat wagons transportation." MATEC Web of Conferences 254 (2019): 02039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925402039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study deals with a shunting impact of 13-4085 wagon platform to a TK25 tank container. In order to define the loads acting on the container frame, 3D computer models of the 1СС size container is designed, both version – for liquid and dry material transport. The virtual model consider a longitudinal force from the wagon automatic coupling, vertical and horizontal forces from the wagon – containers interaction and also vertical forces of the container fittings. For checking adequacy of the created models, the container acceleration values was obtained in two scenarios. In the first case, when fittings are aligned relative to the fitting spots of a wagon, thus without possibility of relative movement. In the second case, movement within clearance of fitting spots is possible. Mathematical models of dynamic loads on these structures were solved by MathCad. Differential equations were solved by the Runge – Kutta method. Adequacy of the created models was checked with an F-test. On the basis of conducted calculation can be conclude that the hypothesis on the adequacy of the models was not rejected.
17
Barjaktarovic, Marko, Milos Tomic, Slobodan Petricevic, and Pedja Mihailovic. "Vision system for measuring wagon buffers’ lateral movements." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 10, no. 1 (2013): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1301023b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a vision system designed for measuring horizontal and vertical displacements of a railway wagon body. The model comprises a commercial webcam and a cooperative target of an appropriate shape. The lateral buffer movement is determined by calculating target displacement in real time by processing the camera image in a LabVIEW platform using free OpenCV library. Laboratory experiments demonstrate an accuracy which is better than ?0.5 mm within a 50 mm measuring range.
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Xu, Gaofeng, Alois Steindl, and Hans Troger. "NONLINEAR STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A BOGIE OF A LOW-PLATFORM WAGON." Vehicle System Dynamics 20, sup1 (1992): 653–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423119208969429.
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Gisterek, Igor. "Constructions of platform edges of urban transport in complex cases." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2020, no. 2 (2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_20_02_01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The work is a continuation of the first part of 2017, where the contribution to the development of the optimal solution of horizontal and vertical distance between the platform edge and the tram threshold in Wrocław was presented. The general argumentation for the development of collective rail transport in cities was described, and the basic features of an attractive public transport system were also discussed. The historical and ongoing works were collected focusing on the location of the wagon floor in relation to the platform, taking into account selected foreign regulations. Presented are solutions that can be used in Wrocław conditions, describing more complex cases, complementing the first part: the possibility of expanding the carbody above the platform edge, tram and bus platforms or stops for tramtrains. The principles of creating an example algorithm for the proper selection of the edge structure of the platform have been proposed. The paper concludes with a summary and conclusions for both parts of the work. Keywords: Urban transport; Tramway; Platform; Tramway and bus stop
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Lovskaya, Alyona, and Andrey Ryibin. "The study of dynamic load on a wagon–platform at a shunting collision." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 7(81) (2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2016.72054.
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Fomin, Oleksii, Dmytro Turovets, and Oleksandr Lohvinenko. "Testing of the device for transporting semi-trailers without tractor on 13-9004M model platforms." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies", no. 43 (June 18, 2024): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9059-2024-43-3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For the implementation of a mixed type of transportation on the territory of Ukraine, a stable saddle for transporting cargo semi-trailers without a tractor on railway platforms of the 13-9004M model was developed and manufactured. This device for the transportation of cargo semi-trailers is a four-sided structure of the "Eiffel Tower" type, the lower plane of which is fixed on the platform car through the plate with the help of bolted connections. This work describes the running tests of the 13-9004M model platform car with a saddle rack installed on it for the transportation of cargo semi-trailers without a tractor. According to the results of the tests of the saddle rack for the transportation of semi-trailers on the platform wagon model 13-9004M, the maximum values of the stresses that occur in the structure of the saddle rack during running strength tests, as well as compliance with such indicators as the coefficient of vertical dynamics of the sprung mass of the cart, the coefficient of vertical dynamics of the unsprung mass, were determined trolley frame, coefficient of horizontal dynamics, coefficient of reserve of stability of the wheel from derailment.
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Saidivaliev, Shukhrat, Shukhrat Djabbarov, Bakhrom Abdullaev, Mironshox Ortiqov, and Nassim Rustamov. "Simulation of movements of cargo with a flat base on a four-axle platform." E3S Web of Conferences 460 (2023): 06008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346006008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The improvement of the methodology for calculating the tension in the flexible elements of cargo fasteners with the simultaneous action of longitudinal, lateral and vertical forces on the "fastening-cargo" subsystem of the mechanical system "path - wagon – fastening - cargo" and during the movement of rolling stock, both along a straight and curved section of the track should be aimed at ensuring safety the movement of trains, safe transportation of goods on route and to ensure the safety of transport structures (vibration towers of power lines, railway bridges, etc.). There is still no mathematical model that would directly determine the tension in the flexible elements of the cargo fasteners and determine the location of the thrust bar to ensure the joint operation of the flexible and thrust elements of the fasteners.
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Bielniak, Nel. "Walizka, peron, wagon… Uchodźczy los we Wspomnieniach Nadieżdy Teffi." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 15, no. 1 (2024): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.10190.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The first-wave Russian emigrants who left the country as a result of the October Revolution in 1917 and the civil war were united by a deep awareness of the loss of their roots and the need to preserve the memory of their former homeland and the tragic historical events that contributed to the exodus. Hence the huge popularity of the so-called “memory” literature among emigre writers and its diversity. The aim of this article is to include Memoirs of Nadezhda Teffi in the memoirs of the first wave of Russian emigration, dealing with the subject of the civil war and escape from Sovdepia. Typical distinguishing features of the reggee fate related to the category of memory were analysed, which include a suitcase, a platform and a wagon (similarly: a trunk, a harbor, a cabin). These attributes (except for a suitcase) did not attract the attention of researchers, although the plot of the work, which is the author’s subjective account, is largely focused around them. As a result, it was proved that they played various roles in the biographies of emigrants, reflecting new realities and social moods, often going far beyond their usual purpose or becoming symbols. This allows us to conclude that in her memoirs, Teffi combines the individual and collective dimension of remembering, because she shows a breakthrough moment in the history of the homeland from the narrator’s individual perspective through the details of everyday life, and is also part of the mission of Russian émigré literature by co-shaping the memory of the recent past.
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Knap, Súrja, Andrej Suchánek, and Jozef Harušinec. "Calculation of the geometric transit through the track curves of a two-section platform wagon." Transportation Research Procedia 55 (2021): 853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.07.054.
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Opala, Michał. "Analysis of Safety Requirements for Securing the Semi-Trailer Truck on the Intermodal Railway Wagon." Energies 14, no. 20 (2021): 6539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206539.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presented the issue of securing semi-trailer trucks and trailers during their transport using intermodal railway wagons as a part of combined transport. This issue was analysed in different operational conditions related to loading level, cross-winds influence, inertia forces due to the emergency braking, and track curvature. According to general rules of loading and securing cargo, described in the internal and UIC regulations, the transported load should be positioned and secured with minimised risk of undesirable displacement or rolling over during transport. Basic analysis showed that adverse conditions such as strong winds or emergency braking may require adequate additional cargo protection. The lack thereof may result in a severe accident or damage to the transported vehicle or the nearby structures. The presented results for generic road and railway freight vehicles showed that the required anti-rollover torque for a semi-trailer mounted on the railway wagon platform may differ considerably (almost four times at the same maximum tested airflow speed) depending on the conditions related to aerodynamic and inertia influence. The potential weaknesses of the analysis relate to the impracticality of experimental tests for roll-over (or derailment) events under high levels of cross-wind, due to economic and safety reasons. The analysis can be extended in the future by including unsteady aerodynamic forces and a full-vehicle model based on the multi-body method for a specific design solution.
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Troitskiy, Pavel S. "Justification for reducing the weight of the frame of the platform car for transporting containers in modular electric freight trains." Transportation Systems and Technology 6, no. 2 (2020): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20206270-84.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: The article describes the rationale for reducing the metal content of platform cars of a modular electric freight train (MEFT) due to the distribution of traction power across the composition and reducing internal kinetic forces in the train. The calculation of the volumetric model of the car frame under the action of the weight of containers and quasi-static load, the analysis of the distribution of equivalent stresses is made. The effects of introducing these types of wagons into modular electric freight trains are considered.
 A railway train of locomotive traction is a complex mechanical system in which dynamic processes occur due to the traction force of locomotives, fractures of the profile and track plan, braking and releasing the brakes, different rates of pressure change in the brake line, and uneven resistance to movement of the locomotive and cars [1]. When driving the MEFT formed a much smaller amount of internal kinetic energy, allowing to reduce the load limit on the hitch and the frame of the wagons to transport more cargo with equal traction power by reducing the coefficient of tare of the train. In addition, running MEFT will improve the handling and safety of trains, reduce operating costs for passing train flows by reducing energy consumption for traction, braking, reduce the time for testing the brakes, the number of car, locomotive and crew hours. We predict significant (up to 7 times) reduction of loads on the coupling devices and the frame of cars, if the strength condition is met.
 Aim: To justify the possibility of reducing the loads on the auto-coupling equipment and metal structures of the frame of platform cars as part of modular electric freight trains by reducing the longitudinal forces in the auto-coupling devices due to the distribution of traction power across the composition.
 Methods:
 
 special engineering methods for traction calculations applied to railway transport;
 engineering and technical methods of calculation and design of platform cars;
 finite element method;
 a system method that allows you to identify various direct and indirect relationships in the analysis of the selection of frame structures of platform cars.
 
 Results: We justified reduction of loads on auto-coupling devices and load-bearing frames of platform cars in MEFT. It is revealed that the decrease of axial compressive loads on the automatic coupler device with 2,500 kN in the car locomotive hauling up to 400 kN at the car the IAEG will help to alleviate the weight of the metal frame of the wagon-platform for transportation of containers and reduce packaging of the car is 1.6 t, by 7.3 %. The reduction in the cost of the car will be 76.8 thousand rubles, or 3.84 %.
 Conclusions: The author offers a justification for reducing the weight of container cars-platforms of a modular electric freight train, on the basis of which it is possible to reduce the metal content of cars and transport a larger amount of cargo with equal traction power in comparison with a train of locomotive (concentrated) traction.
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Vorobey, I. E., and L. N. Khakhovskaya. "Constructive association of paleo-Asian sled transport and mobile dwelling in evolutionary and modernization aspects." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 1(56) (March 21, 2022): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2022-56-1-15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article represents an attempt to utilize the heuristic potential of the hypothesis proposed by V.G. Kuznetsova. Her assumption is based on the analysis of Chukcha rituals and constitutes a view of the nomadic wagon called “kaaran” as an example of the original movable dwelling in the period of formation of pastoral rein-deer husbandry. In nomadic cultures, the fundamental close activity-related conjugation of sliding transport and housing constructions cannot but breed aspirations towards their constructive fusion as one of the tendencies of life organization. The realization of such aspirations takes place during the times of severe cultural transforma-tions within the society, stipulated with internal innovative processes and/or external influences. We assume that the a relevant tendency could have been realized as a mobile shelter (constructive associations of a small living cell and a moving platform) at the stage of development of paleo-Asian reindeer herding, in the context of deficit of transport reindeer. The design variability of the sleds and framework bodies of known wagons along with its reasons remains unresearched. Still, one can observe the morphological and technological resemblance between bent carcasses and temporary twig-based dwellings, that occured widely in the south of taiga region from the right bank of the Ob River down to the Amur River. The structural constrains of the paleo-Asian sleds and particular features of the reindeer gear and harness did not allow the development of the sled-wagon towards a complete, although still small, portable housing on a standard traditional base. However, this tendency revealed itself quite clearly during the Soviet modernization period: the archive and literature sources of the Soviet time display some constructive solutions that connected vehicles (sled, tractor sledge) with demountable and solid dwellings in order to optimize the systems of cargo transportation and grazing, and also to create convenient environment for the herders. In this case, the newest intercultural Chukcha’s “hybrid” (a tent hoisted on a snow sled) recorded by V.N. Davydov, turns out to be another incarnation of the once emerged deep notion mated with new technical capacities.
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Kolysnychenko, Illia, and Victor Tkachov. "Polynomial approximation of dynamic signals of single platform railway scales." Electrical Engineering and Power Engineering, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-6761-2021-2-5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose. Obtaining an approximating function (or a system of approximating equations), which, with a minimum error, will make approximations to the available data on a train of railway objects through 1 platform scales. Methodology. To solve this problem, numerical methods are used, namely, the approximation by polynomial functions of the nth order. The experimental data on the basis of which the experiments were carried out were obtained from the weighing and identification system of wagon in motion on a single platform scale. The approximation process is automated using a program written in the Python programming language in which the polyPit and polyid functions of the numPy library are used to obtain the polynomial coefficients. Findings. Due to the use of polynomial approximation in data processing from tensometric railroad weighing systems, it was possible to obtain a system of linear equations that, with minimal error, restored the experimental data that were obtained from the existing system of the Severny GOK: Metinvest enterprise. When normalizing the readings of the sensors from conventional units, obtained from the summing box to the range of values [0; 1] it became possible, in percentage terms, to describe a railway object. This makes it possible to avoid the dependence of the final results on the travel speed of the carriage or locomotive, which leads to an increase in the accuracy of the identification of cars in the rolling stock due to the use of the percentage of the axles staying on the weighing platform (approach / exit). It became possible to determine the type of carriage with the same number of axles, but different characteristics of the center space and the base of the rolling stock. Originality. The novelty is to obtain a general method of approximation of experimental data of the passage of wagons through a single-platform scales, which can be used to train intelligent systems and generate close to real data of the passage of a car (due to the imposition of noise, etc.). Practical value. Improving the accuracy and speed of the carriage identification as a whole, which reduces the plant downtime, contributes to an increase in the number of weighed and identified moving objects, as well as the ability to identify the type of carriage with the same number of axles in the train. The methods presented in the work can be used both for identification and for tasks, the end result of which is the classification of input data (neural networks, etc.).
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Sergii, Panchenko, Fomin Oleksij, Vatulia Glib, Ustenko Oleksander, and Lovska Alyona. "Determining the load on the long-based structure of the platform car with elastic elements in longitudinal beams." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 7(109) (2021): 6–13. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.224638.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper reports a study into the dynamic loading and strength of an improved carrying structure of the platform car. A special feature of the car is the presence of elastic elements in the main longitudinal beams of the frame. This could improve the fatigue strength of the carrying structure of the platform car under operational modes. Mathematical modeling was carried out to determine the dynamic load on the carrying structure of the platform car. The fluctuations of bouncing were taken into consideration. It has been established that the vertical acceleration of the carrying structure of the platform car without cargo is about 2.0 m/s<sup>2</sup> (0.2 g). In this case, the vertical accelerations that act on the carrying structure of the platform car are lower by 15 % as compared to the prototype wagon. The main indicators of strength of the bearing structure of the platform car have been determined. The calculation was carried out using a method of finite elements employing the software suite SolidWorks Simulation (France). When compiling the estimation scheme, it was taken into consideration that the carrying structure of the platform car was loaded with four containers the size of 1SS. In this case, the maximum equivalent stresses occur in the region of interaction between a pivot beam and spreads and are 254.0 MPa. That warrants the strength of the carrying structure of the platform car. The numerical values of acceleration of the carrying structure of the platform car have been determined, as well as the fields of their location, by applying computer simulation. The fatigue strength and oscillation eigenfrequencies in the carrying structure of the platform car have been investigated; their designed service time has been estimated. The reported research would contribute to building innovative structures of platform cars, as well as to improving the efficiency of combined transportation.
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Vatulia, Glib, Juraj Gerlici, Alyona Lovska, and Yevhen Krasnokutskyi. "Analýza pozdĺžneho zaťaženia kontajnera so stenami vyrobenými zo sendvičových panelov." Technológ 15, no. 1 (2023): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/tech.c.2023.1.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents the results of determining the longitudinal dynamic load of a container of standard size 1CC with sandwich panel walls. A mathematical model was developed that takes into account the longitudinal load of a container placed on a platform wagon during a displacement collision. The use of sandwich containers as components was found to contribute 10 % to the active container design in the longitudinal plane compared to the typical design. A calculation of the strength of the container was carried out. At the same time, the maximum voltages are 18.6 % lower than permissible. Conducted research in preparation for the creation of recommendations for the design of modern modular vehicle structures and increasing the production of the transport industry
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Panchenko, Sergii, Oleksij Fomin, Glib Vatulia, Oleksander Ustenko, and Alyona Lovska. "Determining the load on the long-based structure of the platform car with elastic elements in longitudinal beams." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 7 (109) (2021): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.224638.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper reports a study into the dynamic loading and strength of an improved carrying structure of the platform car. A special feature of the car is the presence of elastic elements in the main longitudinal beams of the frame. This could improve the fatigue strength of the carrying structure of the platform car under operational modes.
 Mathematical modeling was carried out to determine the dynamic load on the carrying structure of the platform car. The fluctuations of bouncing were taken into consideration. It has been established that the vertical acceleration of the carrying structure of the platform car without cargo is about 2.0 m/s2 (0.2 g). In this case, the vertical accelerations that act on the carrying structure of the platform car are lower by 15 % as compared to the prototype wagon.
 The main indicators of strength of the bearing structure of the platform car have been determined. The calculation was carried out using a method of finite elements employing the software suite SolidWorks Simulation (France). When compiling the estimation scheme, it was taken into consideration that the carrying structure of the platform car was loaded with four containers the size of 1SS. In this case, the maximum equivalent stresses occur in the region of interaction between a pivot beam and spreads and are 254.0 MPa. That warrants the strength of the carrying structure of the platform car.
 The numerical values of acceleration of the carrying structure of the platform car have been determined, as well as the fields of their location, by applying computer simulation.
 The fatigue strength and oscillation eigenfrequencies in the carrying structure of the platform car have been investigated; their designed service time has been estimated.
 The reported research would contribute to building innovative structures of platform cars, as well as to improving the efficiency of combined transportation.
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Vladyslav, Shaposhnyk, Shykunov Oleksandr, Reidemeister Alexei, Muradian Leontii, and Potapenko Olha. "Determining the possibility of using removable equipment for transporting 20- and 40-feet-long containers on an universal platform wagon." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 7(109) (2021): 14–21. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.225090.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An important role in the market of transport services belongs to container transportation. Railroads, especially under the conditions of increased competition from road transport, must respond quickly to the needs of the market and the growing demand for container transportation, including interstate traffic. Demand for container transportation can vary significantly during the year, which testifies to the expediency of introducing removable equipment on universal railroad freight cars that are involved in the deliveries of containers. This paper reports the design of a removable frame structure for a universal platform that could carry two 20-ft or one 40-ft container. The proposed technical solution does not require changes in the structure of the car and changes in its model; with a decrease in the demand for container transportation, it would allow this car to be used for its main purpose. According to the current methodology, the efforts that operate on the frame during the transportation of containers have been determined. The strength of the proposed structure was estimated by a finite-element method. The maximum stresses arising in the proposed structure are 164.4 MPa; they occur in the corners of the stops attached to the stand-up staples of the platform. The resulting stress values do not exceed the allowable ones. The results of calculating the removable equipment indicate its sufficient strength. Requirements for placing cargo on the rolling stock assume a mandatory check to fit the dimensions, which confirmed that the container hosted by the frame does fit them. The proposed structure makes it possible to abandon disposable fastening parts, improve the safety of container transportation, and increase competitiveness in the container transportation market.
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Lovska, Alyona, Oleksij Fomin, Anna Chechet, and Olena Soloviova. "Determining the features of loading the improved bearing structure of a platform wagon for the transportation of military equipment." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 7 (105) (2020): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.203245.
Повний текст джерела
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Shaposhnyk, Vladyslav, Oleksandr Shykunov, Alexei Reidemeister, Leontii Muradian, and Olha Potapenko. "Determining the possibility of using removable equipment for transporting 20- and 40-feet-long containers on an universal platform wagon." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 7 (109) (2021): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.225090.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An important role in the market of transport services belongs to container transportation. Railroads, especially under the conditions of increased competition from road transport, must respond quickly to the needs of the market and the growing demand for container transportation, including interstate traffic. Demand for container transportation can vary significantly during the year, which testifies to the expediency of introducing removable equipment on universal railroad freight cars that are involved in the deliveries of containers. This paper reports the design of a removable frame structure for a universal platform that could carry two 20-ft or one 40-ft container. The proposed technical solution does not require changes in the structure of the car and changes in its model; with a decrease in the demand for container transportation, it would allow this car to be used for its main purpose.
 According to the current methodology, the efforts that operate on the frame during the transportation of containers have been determined. The strength of the proposed structure was estimated by a finite-element method. The maximum stresses arising in the proposed structure are 164.4 MPa; they occur in the corners of the stops attached to the stand-up staples of the platform. The resulting stress values do not exceed the allowable ones. The results of calculating the removable equipment indicate its sufficient strength. Requirements for placing cargo on the rolling stock assume a mandatory check to fit the dimensions, which confirmed that the container hosted by the frame does fit them. The proposed structure makes it possible to abandon disposable fastening parts, improve the safety of container transportation, and increase competitiveness in the container transportation market.
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Jasper, Samir P., Gabriel G. Zimmermann, Leonardo L. Kmiecik, and Daniel Savi. "Effects of silage production with different mechanized sets on soil physical attributes." Revista Caatinga 36, no. 2 (2023): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n222rc.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The evaluation of the physical attributes of the soil in cultivated areas is essential for understanding the impacts of agricultural operations, especially those with intense machine traffic. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the physical attributes of the soil submitted to silage with different mechanized sets. A randomized block design was adopted with three treatments: forage harvester with a one-row cutting platform (T1), forage harvester with a three-row cutting platform (T2), and T2 with a forage harvester with a conveyor wagon. Before ensiling and 24 hours after the operation, intact samples of soil classified as Latossolo Vermelhoamarelo álico, intact, were collected to determine the micro, macro, and total porosity, soil density, and volumetric soil water content according to the methodology proposed by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa). After ensiling, the resistance to soil penetration was measured with an electronic manual penetrometer, before and after ensiling, at the A horizon of the soil in the layers of 0.0-0.2 m and 0.2-0.4 m. We analyzed the data by establishing the confidence interval using the t-test at 10% probability. The sets reduce the macroporosity and total porosity of the soil in the 0.0-0.2 m and 0.2-0.4 m soil layers. T2 promoted greater total density in the 0.0–0.2 m layer. The silage increased the resistance to soil penetration to a depth of 0.15 m.
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Леончук, П. А. "FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES ALONG A SECTION OF TRACK PASSING NEXT TO A PASSENGER RAILWAY PLATFORM." Pozharnaia bezopasnost`, no. 3(116) (September 3, 2024): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.116.3.001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Действующая в настоящее время Методика определения расчетных величин пожарного риска на производственных объектах не содержит методов оценки величины пожарного риска при транспортировке пожароопасных грузов. При этом значительное количество инцидентов при их транспортировке, сопровождающихся, в частности, пожарами, показывает необходимость учета угрозы жизни и здоровью людей, как перемещающихся по путям сообщения, так и находящихся в непосредственной близости от них. В настоящей работе предложен метод оценки величины индивидуального и социального пожарного риска для лиц, находящихся в поездах пригородного сообщения и на платформах во время транспортировки сжиженных углеводородных газов. The current methodology for determining the calculated values of fire risk at industrial facilities does not contain methods for assessing the fire risk value during the transportation of flammable cargoes. The high number of transport incidents involving flammable cargoes, including fires, also highlights the need to take into account threats to life and health both of people travelling along the routes and those in their immediate vicinity. This paper proposes a method for assessing the value of individual and social fire risk for persons on commuter trains and on platforms during transportation of liquefied petroleum gases. As an example, there is considered a rectilinear double-track section of a railway track, along which transit transportation of LPG tanks is carried out. A commuter train and platform is located on the railway section. There are considered the cases of people being on the platform and in a local train. There is taken into consideration the time required to evacuate people from the wagon when calculating the fire risk. It was found that the greatest contribution to the value of potential fire risk is provided by the scenarios of a flash fire, as well as a fireball. Based on the conducted approbation of the fire risk assessment method, it can be concluded that the results obtained through the proposed methodology qualitatively coincide with those obtained in other publications. At the same time, calculations carried out using this method make it possible to calculate the fire risk value for railway passengers.
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Zadorozhniy, Vyacheslav, Dmitriy Polovnikov, and Alexey Novokhatskiy. "Sustainable pricing of tariffs for rolling stock operators: Principles and mathematical analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 460 (2023): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346002012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An analysis of the sustainability of tariff pricing by operators of rolling stock in the railway industry has been conducted. The paper covers various aspects, including an analysis of wagon turnover, changes in the prices of leasing rolling stock, and the influence of market demonopolization on tariff rates. The dynamics of changes in leasing prices for various types of rolling stock, such as flatwagons, tank wagons, covered wagons, and platforms, are being investigated. The analysis presented in this paper is of significant importance for understanding and optimizing the management processes of railway transport, as well as for the development of sustainable pricing strategies that contribute to more efficient and economically sustainable activities in the railway transportation sector.
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Abbas, Osama, Mohammad Reza Arvan, and Ali Mahmoodi. "Improving the Estimation of the Tracking Error Signal in Real Time for IR Seeker Using Nonlinear Kalman Filters." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 15 (2020): 2050242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620502424.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In nonimaging IR seekers, the received target radiation on the IR detector is modulated via a reticle and produces the information signal (IS). The IS contains the tracking error signal (TES), which is proportional with the target position. TES is used in the control and optic section in the missile. The main task is to extract the TES from IS. The accuracy of TES extraction may be affected by several items such as noise from engines. In this paper, we used for the first time this field Square Root Unscented Kalman Filter (SRUKF) and Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to estimate the TES from the IS for wagon wheel reticle. Due to the high computational complexity of these algorithms, their execution in real time is not an easy task especially if there is space limitation for hardware. By using the minicomputer, such as Raspberry Pi 3 Model [Formula: see text] platform, the task can be done. The results showed that the SRUKF presented the best phase estimation for TES. The implementation by using Raspberry Pi was in real time because all algorithm executions for one period was less than 5[Formula: see text]ms, this time in our problem is less than strict timing window.
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Petrov, G. I., V. N. Filippov, N. M. Kurzina, and I. K. Sergeev. "Evaluation of the Danger of Wheel Lift for Empty Cars in Heavy Trains during Shunting Collisions and Transient Modes of Movement." World of Transport and Transportation 20, no. 1 (2022): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2022-20-1-6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increase in the transit and carrying capacity of cargo intensive sections and directions of railways is achieved by introducing into circulation of cargo trains of increased weight and length, which in turn leads to a change in longitudinal dynamics of movement and emergence of additional loads on rolling stock and the railway track.In this regard in relation to Russian conditions, to ensure the required volumes of transportation with a preset level of safety, it is necessary to revise the current standards designed for maximum longitudinal compression forces of 50 tf, which are currently more than doubled in heavy trains.Based on the analysis of existing regulatory documents, domestic and foreign experience, it was possible to substantiate the necessity to improve the longitudinal dynamics of trains and to propose some ways to achieve it. are proposed. The simulation of collision of a free running platform wagon with standard draft gears of Sh-1-TM type with a gondola cars’ cut also equipped with standard draft gears of Sh-1-TM type was carried out to identify accident modes. The study has allowed to conclude on the expediency of increasing the energy intensity of draft gear through new design solutions, as well as on reducing longitudinal forces through adoption of floating centre beams.
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Gaba, Vasyl, Tetiana Hrushevska, Oleg Strelko, Anna Kyrychenko, Marina Rudyuk, and Ievgen Gusar. "Improvement of international rail transportation of benzene between Ukraine and the European Union countries." MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929404010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is considered the possibility of improvement of the international railway transportation of benzene and other related cargoes between Ukraine and the European Union countries for the carriage of these cargoes in tank containers. The volume of chemical cargo transportation to the EU countries to the rolling stock types for 2018 has been analyzed. The research of the effectiveness of organization of international transportation according to the criterion of the total hours of downtime by wagons under accumulation. The mathematical model of chemical cargoes transportation by wagons, wagon groups and container trains with the accumulation to the technical standards on the cargo diversions was elaborated. The models take into account the unevenness of the wagon arrivals to the accumulation points and observance of the number of wagons to the established norm. A comparison of the effectiveness of the two models of the organization of the chemical cargo delivery and it was defined a more effective version of transportation. It has been established that for more efficient using of the rolling stock and for the rolling stock circulation decreasing is the cargo transportation by trains which consist of cisterns or/and tank container carriages. The influence of the components of the rolling stock circulation and its value are analyzed. The research of the cost of benzene transportation in cisterns and tank containers for the individual diversions was studied. According to the research results the cost of benzene transportation by platforms of the railways ownership is less than twice in comparison to private cisterns and tank-containers of the Ukrainian Railways fleet. These recommendations will improve the process of transportation and increase of volumes of international cargo by railroads between Ukraine and the EU countries.
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Gagliardi, Alessio, and Sergio Saponara. "AdViSED: Advanced Video SmokE Detection for Real-Time Measurements in Antifire Indoor and Outdoor Systems." Energies 13, no. 8 (2020): 2098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13082098.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper proposes a video-based smoke detection technique for early warning in antifire surveillance systems. The algorithm is developed to detect the smoke behavior in a restricted video surveillance environment, both indoor (e.g., railway carriage, bus wagon, industrial plant, or home/office) or outdoor (e.g., storage area or parking area). The proposed technique exploits a Kalman estimator, color analysis, image segmentation, blob labeling, geometrical features analysis, and M of N decisor, in order to extract an alarm signal within a strict real-time deadline. This new technique requires just a few seconds to detect fire smoke, and it is 15 times faster compared to the requirements of fire-alarm standards for industrial or transport systems, e.g., the EN50155 standard for onboard train fire-alarm systems. Indeed, the EN50155 considers a response time of at least 60 s for onboard systems. The proposed technique has been tested and compared with state-of-art systems using the open access Firesense dataset developed as an output of a European FP7 project, including several fire/smoke indoor and outdoor scenes. There is an improvement of all the detection metrics (recall, accuracy, F1 score, precision, etc.) when comparing Advanced Video SmokE Detection (AdViSED) with other video-based antifire works recently proposed in literature. The proposed technique is flexible in terms of input camera type and frame size and rate and has been implemented on a low-cost embedded platform to develop a distributed antifire system accessible via web browser.
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Nurbayev, Bobomurod Safar o'g'li, Javoxirxo'ja Alimxo'ja o'g'li Abduvaliyev, and Nurmuhammad Xasan o'g'li Dexqonov. "ANALYSIS OF RAILWAY SCALES DESIGNED FOR MEASURING ROLLING STOCK IN STATIC MODE." Modern Scientific Research International Scientific Journal 1, no. 3 (2023): 116–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8027545.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Uniformity in terms of metrology and standardization and certification requirements has been agreed on the basis of Jaxon standards. But based on the laws of gravity and following the principles of universal gravitation, it is possible to understand that objects are heaviest at the poles of our planet and lightest at the equator. A brief analysis of this situation was made.
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Tretiak, E. V. "ASPECTS OF TANK-CONTAINER TESTS FOR COMPLIANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE UN SHIPPING REGISTER." Railbound Rolling Stock, no. 21 (December 24, 2020): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47675/2304-6309.2020.21.7-27.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals the method of calculation studies of impact tests of tank containers to confirm the ability of portable tanks and multi-element gas containers to withstand the impact in the longitudinal direction on a specially equipped stand accredited in the certification system of the Register of Shipping of Ukraine, or using a railway platform and executing an impact force generated by a wagon-striker in accordance with the requirements of the UN Register of Shipping. It is shown that the main estimated characteristic of the UN requirements is the impact response spectrum (accelerations) for the interval natural frequencies of the impact impulse. The calculation of the points of the impact response spectrum curve according to the test results is shown in four stages. The test configuration of a railway platform with a tank-container for impact loads is presented, in which the impact is performed in such a way that the curve of the impact response spectrum obtained during the tests of both fittings under a single impact repeated or exceeded the minimum impact response curve spectrum at all frequencies in the range from 2 Hz to 100 Hz. The matrices of relative displacements and accelerations for the interval natural frequencies of the impact wave are given. The results of the research are presented in graphical form, which shows that the experimental values of the impact response spectrum exceed the minimum allowable values. The equation of the experimental curve of the shock response spectrum in the frequency range 0-100 Hz is described by the power dependence; the coefficients of the equation were determined by the statistical method of the maximum likelihood, with the determination factor being 0.897, which is a satisfactory value. The comparative analysis showed that the experimental curve of the impact response spectrum in the frequency range 0-100 Hz exceeds the normalized curve, which confirms compliance with regulatory requirements. It is proposed to use a new test configuration using a tank car with bulk liquid, where the processes occurring under impact significantly differ from other freight cars subjected to longitudinal impact loads of the tank container. The hydraulic shock caused by the impact on the tank container and the platform creates a turning moment, which causes the rear fittings to be unloaded.
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Safronov, Oleksandr, Yurii Vodiannikov, and Olena Makeieva. "DETERMINATION OF FREIGHT WAGON PARAMETERS ACCORDING TO THE SPECIFIED CRITERIA OF THE TRAIN BRAKING EFFICIENCY (four-axle gondola cars, covered cars, platforms, dump cars)." Railbound Rolling Stock, no. 23 (December 16, 2021): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47675/2304-6309-2021-23-101-110.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The lack of normative values of the actual coefficients in the new rules of HOST 34434-2018 do not allow to implement and determine the optimal characte-ristics of the brake according to pre-accepted conditions of braking efficiency (braking distance), which causes uncertainty in solving this problem. The uncertainty is that the choice of characteristics of the braking system of the freight wagon has to be done by searching a large number of options. In this regard, the paper provides tools for determining the actual pressing force of the brake pads on the wheels, which complies with the specified braking performance of the freight train. As a tool, universal formulas are used in the form of a power relationship between the actual force of the brake pads and the braking distance of the freight train. The coefficients of universal formulas are obtained on the basis of computer modeling. Numerous examples show that the error in the use of universal formulas in calculation studies does not exceed 1% compared with the calculation method according to HOST 34434-2018. The values of the actual coefficients depending on the axial load of the wagon and the speed at which the braking distances of the freight train satisfy the normative minimum allowable values are given. It is shown that calculation studies performed according to the universal formulas in the EXCEL environment allows to fully automating the computational process. A method for determining the gear ratio of the brake lever of a freight wagon, according to which the specified braking efficiency is performed, is proposed. The proposed procedure allows you to perform a variety of studies to select the optimal parameters of the braking system of freight wagons that meet the specified requirements of braking efficiency, and greatly facilitates the calculation studies. Key words: аctual coefficient, braking distance, speed, axial load, power dependence, coefficients, gear ratio.
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Li, Bing, Wenyao Qu, Hua Xuan, Chunqiu Xu, Xueyuan Wang, and Yifei Geng. "Shunting Strategy for Placing-In and Taking-Out Wagons on Branch-Shaped Freight Operation Network with Simulation Method." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (January 22, 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3410481.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Because of China’s vast territory, large population, and huge demand for bulk materials, the railway transportation mode has always received considerable attention. For long-haul transportation, railway transportation can provide a scheduled-based transport plan, all-weather transport service, and cheaper carry instead of other transport modes. The study described in this paper attempts to develop a simulation platform for optimizing the placing-in and taking-out wagons system on the branch-shaped freight operation network (PTWS-BSFON). The operation process of PTWS is thoroughly analyzed from three aspects of decoupling-coupling wagons subsystem, placing-in local wagons subsystem, and taking-out local wagons subsystem. And then the simulation platform encompassing two typically shunting modes of PTWS are developed by Arena software. Under scenarios of PTWS-SO and PTWS-SSMS, the hierarchical structure of the shunting strategies is, respectively, outlined in the simulation platform. Finally, the shunting strategies based on the simulation platform are carried out by concrete examples, which prove the rationality of the methodology in applying different strategies and enhancing the performances of the PTWS-BSFON.
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Fomin, Oleksij, Alyona Lovska, Oleksandr Gorobchenko, Serhii Turpak, Iryna Kyrychenko, and Oleksii Burlutski. "ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC LOADING OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF A TANK CONTAINER UNDER OPERATIONAL LOAD MODES." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 2 (March 31, 2019): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2019.00876.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An increase in the volume of bulk cargo transportation through international transport corridors necessitates the commissioning of tank containers. Intermodalization of a tank container predetermines its load in various operating conditions depending on the type of vehicle on which it is carried: aviation, sea, air or rail. The analysis of the operating conditions of tank containers, as well as the regulatory documents governing their workload, led to the conclusion that the most dynamic loads acting on the supporting structures during transportation by rail. Namely, during the maneuvering collision of a wagon-platform, on which there are tank containers. In this case, it is stipulated that for a loaded tank container, the dynamic load is assumed to be 4g, and for an empty (for the purpose of checking the reinforcement) – 5g. It is important to note that when the tank container is underfilled with bulk cargo and taking into account movements of fittings relative to fittings, the maximum value of dynamic load can reach significantly larger values. Therefore, in order to ensure the strength of tank containers, an improvement of their structures has been proposed by introducing elastic-viscous bonds into the fittings. To determine the dynamic loading of the tank container, taking into account the improvement measures, mathematical models have been compiled, taking into account the presence of elastic, viscous and elastic-viscous bonds between the fittings, stops and fittings. It is established that the elastic bond does not fully compensate for the dynamic loads acting on the tank container. The results of mathematical modeling of dynamic loading, taking into account the presence of viscous and elastic-viscous coupling in the fittings, made it possible to conclude that the maximum accelerations per tank container do not exceed the normalized values. The determination of the dynamic loading of the tank container is also carried out by computer simulation using the finite element method. The calculation takes place in the software package CosmosWorks. The maximum values of accelerations are obtained, as well as their distribution fields relative to the supporting structure of the tank container. The developed models are verified by the Fisher criterion. The research will contribute to the creation of tank containers with improved technical, operational, as well as environmental characteristics and an increase in the efficiency of the liquid cargo transportation process through international transport corridors.
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Oleksij, Fomin, Lovska Alyona, Gorobchenko Oleksandr, Turpak Serhii, Kyrychenko Iryna, and Burlutski Oleksii. "ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC LOADING OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF A TANK CONTAINER UNDER OPERATIONAL LOAD MODES." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 61–70. https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2019.00876.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An increase in the volume of bulk cargo transportation through international transport corridors necessitates the commissioning of tank containers. Intermodalization of a tank container predetermines its load in various operating conditions depending on the type of vehicle on which it is carried: aviation, sea, air or rail. The analysis of the operating conditions of tank containers, as well as the regulatory documents governing their workload, led to the conclusion that the most dynamic loads acting on the supporting structures during transportation by rail. Namely, during the maneuvering collision of a wagon-platform, on which there are tank containers. In this case, it is stipulated that for a loaded tank container, the dynamic load is assumed to be 4g, and for an empty (for the purpose of checking the reinforcement) – 5g. It is important to note that when the tank container is underfilled with bulk cargo and taking into account movements of fittings relative to fittings, the maximum value of dynamic load can reach significantly larger values. Therefore, in order to ensure the strength of tank containers, an improvement of their structures has been proposed by introducing elastic-viscous bonds into the fittings. To determine the dynamic loading of the tank container, taking into account the improvement measures, mathematical models have been compiled, taking into account the presence of elastic, viscous and elastic-viscous bonds between the fittings, stops and fittings. It is established that the elastic bond does not fully compensate for the dynamic loads acting on the tank container. The results of mathematical modeling of dynamic loading, taking into account the presence of viscous and elastic-viscous coupling in the fittings, made it possible to conclude that the maximum accelerations per tank container do not exceed the normalized values. The determination of the dynamic loading of the tank container is also carried out by computer simulation using the finite element method. The calculation takes place in the software package CosmosWorks. The maximum values of accelerations are obtained, as well as their distribution fields relative to the supporting structure of the tank container. The developed models are verified by the Fisher criterion. The research will contribute to the creation of tank containers with improved technical, operational, as well as environmental characteristics and an increase in the efficiency of the liquid cargo transportation process through international transport corridors.
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Hummelen, W. M. H. "Toneel op de kermis, van Bruegel tot Bredero." Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 103, no. 1 (1989): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501789x00013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe article considers the depictions of stage performances (or of preparations for stage performances) which first appeared in Dutch paintings and prints of country fairs around 1560. The performances in depictions dating from the period between 1560 and 1620 were given by the Rederijkers', members of the chambers of rhetoric, whose activities included play-acting. The stage-play motif occurs in depictions other than those of country fairs, but never as such an integral part of the proceedings. The article examines what was played, and how. Of a total of thirteen examples in which the subject-matter of the performances can be established with some degree of certainty, only three are serious plays (ills. I I, 13, 14). This is inconsistent with historical information, which indicates that performances after processions at fairs ('kermis', the Dutch word for fair, originally referred to the mass celebrated on church dedication anniversaries), tended to be of a more serious than comical nature. There could be some connection between this inconsistency and the context in which the stage performance appears, the corpus of country fair motifs and their special function. It might also be accounted for, however, by the unmistakable interdependency of the various country fairs. In a large number of cases a recognizable play (ills. 2, 4, 5), a typical theatrical situation (ill. 6), an easily understandable situation (ills. 9, 10) or at least identifiable stage characters (ills. 1 I, 12, 13) are depicted. In other cases the actual play seems to be qf little or no consequence (ills. 7, 8, 16, 17). The obvious question of whether acting as such has a particular - negative - connotation must, at any rate for this period be answered in the negative on the basis of what is known from literary and stage history. The platform is often set up in direct proximity to the building in which the Rederijkers held their gatherings. This common circumstance (and likewise the barrel-supports for some stages) may also be explained by the interdependency of a large numher of country fairs. The public is often depicted as a crowd, seldom (ills. 6, II, 14) as individuals. Rarely do the degree of detail and the angle of depiction enable us to make an educated guess at the size of the stage (ills. 2, I I). The anonymous painting Meikermis met heren te paard (Mayday fair with mounted gentlemen, ill. 17) is probably the only example of a stage on wheels - the wagon familiar from depictions of processions and pageants excluded. It is tempting to conclude on the basis of the available material that there were special types af platforms (without side-stage and fitted with a single front curtain) for comical plays. However, the conclusion falters, not only because of the interdependency of the fairs in question, but also because of the example of the platform in Gillis Mostaert's painting. The text of the comedy Playerwater might suggest that it was not written for performance on platforms as rudimentary as the one in Playerwaterkermis (ill. 2). As well as on actors, Player water kermis focuses on three nonactors. This is against the rules. Is the painter criticizing the manner of performance? All things considered, the prompter is a less likely abject of criticism than the person climbing the ladder. An explanation within the larger framework of persons on the boundaries of the stage (who frequently occur in depictions of stage plays other than those on paintings and prints of country fairs) is beyond the scope of this article. For various reasons, the characters on the side-stage (ills. 4, 5) are not consistent with theatrical tradition, and may perhaps be respectively regarded as the painter's comment on the content af the play and the style of peformance. As for the actors' costumes, notably those in processions depicted by and after Vinckboons (ills. II, I2, I3) give an inkling of the content of the plays to be performed. The gestures of the actors in Playerwaterkermis (ills. 2, 3) are unusual. Are they drawing attention to the public? To themselves? There is no satisfactory answer to this question.
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Rurua, Nugzar, Tengiz Papuashvili, Manana Moistsrapishvili, Vasil Khorava, and Tornike Pochkhidze. "Limit Loads Transmitted From Railway Rolling Stock Under the Conditions for Calculating the Stability of Rrailway Embankments." Works of Georgian Technical University, no. 1(535) (March 25, 2025): 287–94. https://doi.org/10.36073/1512-0996-2025-1-287-294.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article discusses the methodology for determining the limit transverse loads transmitted from rolling stock under the conditions for calculating railway embankment constancy/rigidity. The effects of eight-axle and four-axle wagons on the main platform of the roadbed under static conditions are analyzed for various velocities of rolling stock. Based on the conducted calculations, it was determined that for freight wagons with axle loads up to 25 tons-force, there is no need for speed restrictions. Increasing the axle loads of rolling stock from 27 tons-force to 30 tons-force will lead to a reduction in the ground bearing capacity of the main platform of the roadbed, creeping of embankment slopes, and ultimately, the emergence of additional sections where new deformations may occur due to increased dynamic effects of train loading.
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Vakulenko, Sergey, Pyotr Kurenkov, Dmitry Romensky, Kirill Kalinin, and Jozef Gašparík. "Analysis and prospects of container and rail transport." MATEC Web of Conferences 329 (2020): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032901014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article studies the main trends in the market of container transportation in rolling stock of various types, considers the process of transporting large-capacity containers in open wagons. The operational and economic aspects of removing administrative restrictions on the implementation of this type of transportation are noted. The dynamics of rental rates for rental of gondola cars and platforms in 2019-2020 is present. The summary characteristics of the gondola car fleet and fitting platforms on the Russian Railways network have been study. The analysis of the market share of the largest owners of gondola cars and fitting platforms was carry out. The advantages and disadvantages of using the technology of container transportation in open wagons are list. Solutions are propose to create a competitive environment in the container transportation segment of the transport services market.