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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Plastic leachates"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 13 квітня 2024

Оновлено: 12 червня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Plastic leachates"

Ullmann, Clemens Vinzenz, Maria Ina Arnone, and Eva Jimenez-Guri. "Natural sea water and artificial sea water are not equivalent in plastic leachate contamination studies." Open Research Europe 4 (March 21, 2024): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17112.1.

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Background Plastic contamination is one of the concerns of our age. With more than 150 million tons of plastic floating in the oceans, and a further 8 million tons arriving to the water each year, in recent times the scientific community has been studying the effects these plastics have on sea life both in the field and with experimental approaches. Laboratory based studies have been using both natural sea water and artificial sea water for testing various aspects of plastic contamination, including the study of chemicals leached from the plastic particles to the water. Methods We obtained leachates of PVC plastic pre-production nurdles both in natural and artificial sea water, and determined the elements in excess from untreated water by Inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry. We then used these different leachates to assess developmental success in the tunicate Ciona intestinalis by treating fertilised eggs through their development to hatched larvae. Results Here we report that chemical analysis of PVC plastic pre-production pellet leachates shows a different composition in natural and artificial sea water. We find that the Zn leaching from the plastic particles is reduced up to five times in artificial sea water, and this can have an effect in the toxicological studies derived. Indeed, we observe different effects in the development of C. intestinalis when using leachates in natural or artificial sea water. We also observe that not all artificial sea waters are suitable for studying the development of the tunicarte C. intestinalis. Conclusions Our results show that, at least in this case, both types of water are not equivalent to produce plastic leachaetes and suggest that precaution should be taken when conclusions are derived from results obtained in artificial sea water.

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Nguyen, Van-Tai, Thi-Phuong-Dung Le, and Thanh-Son Dao. "Chronic effects of domestic and single used plastic leachates on the microcrustacea Daphnia magna." Science & Technology Development Journal - Science of The Earth & Environment 5, no. 2 (2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjsee.v5i2.557.

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Plastic pollution has become one of the most serious environmental issues worldwide. Plastics can contain high amount of additives (e.g., phthalate, bisphenol A, trace metals), and they could be leached out of plastics, enter the aquatic environment and cause toxic effects to aquatic organisms (including microcrustacean). In this study, we investigated chronic effects of plastic leachates from two popular plastic materials (garbage bag and disposable raincoat) on the survival, maturation and reproduction of the microcrustcean Daphnia magna. The results showed that, the plastic leachates from the two materials at the concentration up to 1000 mg/l did not cause negative effect on survival of D. magna. However, exposed to the leachates from the garbage bag (at the concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/l) and from the disposable raincoat (at the concentration of 10 mg/l), the animals delayed their maturity ages compared to the control. Besides, the two kinds of leachates at the concentration of 1000 mg/l stimulated the reproduction of D. magna, resulting the increase of 17 – 37% of total offspring compared to the control, during 21 days of experiment. The results of this study contribute to the understanding on the toxicity of popular plastic materials to the microcrustacean, D. magna. Additionally, the plastic usage and emission into the environment should be paid more attention to protect the aquatic ecosystems and human health.

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Schwarz, Weike, Stina Wegener, Gerhard Schertzinger, et al. "Chemical and toxicological assessment of leachates from UV-degraded plastic materials using in-vitro bioassays." PeerJ 11 (April 11, 2023): e15192. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15192.

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The broad use of plastics and the persistence of the material results in plastic residues being found practically everywhere in the environment. If plastics remain in the (aquatic) environment, natural weathering leads to degradation processes and compounds may leach from plastic into the environment. To investigate the impact of degradation process on toxicity of leachates, different types of UV irradiation (UV-C, UV-A/B) were used to simulate weathering processes of different plastic material containing virgin as well as recyclate material and biodegradable polymers. The leached substances were investigated toxicologically using in-vitro bioassays. Cytotoxicity was determined by the MTT-assay, genotoxicity by using the p53-CALUX and Umu-assay, and estrogenic effects by the ERα-CALUX. Genotoxic as well as estrogenic effects were detected in different samples depending on the material and the irradiation type. In four leachates of 12 plastic species estrogenic effects were detected above the recommended safety level of 0.4 ng 17β-estradiol equivalents/L for surface water samples. In the p53-CALUX and in the Umu-assay leachates from three and two, respectively, of 12 plastic species were found to be genotoxic. The results of the chemical analysis show that plastic material releases a variety of known and unknown substances especially under UV radiation, leading to a complex mixture with potentially harmful effects. In order to investigate these aspects further and to be able to give recommendations for the use of additives in plastics, further effect-related investigations are advisable.

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Olivieri, Aldo, Owen S. Degenhardt, G. Reid McDonald, et al. "On the disruption of biochemical and biological assays by chemicals leaching from disposable laboratory plasticware." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 90, no. 6 (2012): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y2012-049.

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Plastic consumables, used universally in bioscience laboratories, are presumed inert with respect to bioassay outcomes. However, it is clear that many pipette tips, microfuge tubes, and other plastic disposables leach bioactive compounds into assay solutions, profoundly affecting data and experimental interpretation. In this paper we discuss the nature and sources of leachates and review several examples of compromised bioassay data that speak to the probable widespread nature of this largely unrecognised source of error. Strategies for minimizing leachate interferences are discussed.

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Pant, A. B., A. K. Agarwal, V. P. Sharma, and P. K. Seth. "In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of plastic biomedical devices." Human & Experimental Toxicology 20, no. 8 (2001): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/096032701682692919.

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Cytotoxic potential of four plastic biomedical devices (intravenous transfusion sets, IV sets; dextrose normal saline bottles, DNS bottles; Ringer lactate bottles, RL bottles; and Ryle's tubes) including 17different brands was evaluated by investigating growth inhibition, percent survival, mitotic index and colony-forming ability (cfa) in L929, an adherent type mouse fibroblast cell line. Experimental sets were exposed with leachates of biomedical products in serumfree minimum essential medium (MEM) for 1 h at 378Cina CO2 incubator. After 1 h, medium was replaced with serumrich MEM containing essential amino acids and reincubated up to 96 h. Cells in serum-free MEM only were processed under identical conditions and served as the control. The leachates from all types of biomedical devices evaluated exhibitedreductioninthegrowthandsurvivalofthecellline in the first 12 h postexposure followed by their gradual recoveryupto96h.Asignificantreductionincellgrowthwas apparent in the six brands of IV sets from 24 h onwards up to 36 h (59% growth inhibition). Though the cfa was also reduced in all the brands tested, the magnitude of reduction was less compared to growth inhibition. The results indicate that leachates of IV sets were more toxic compared to other biomedical devices screened, and growth inhibition assay was found to be more sensitive and suitable for cytotoxicity evaluation of biomedical devices.

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Naumoska, Katerina, Urška Jug, Valentina Metličar, and Irena Vovk. "Oleamide, a Bioactive Compound, Unwittingly Introduced into the Human Body through Some Plastic Food/Beverages and Medicine Containers." Foods 9, no. 5 (2020): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9050549.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the migration of oleamide, a polymer lubricant, and a bioactive compound, from various plastic, marketed containers for food/beverages and medicines into polymer contact liquid. Methanol, food/medicine simulants or real samples were used to extract polymer leachables and extractables. Migrated oleamide into polymer contact liquids was determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). The concentration of oleamide in the extracts of medicinal and insulin syringes was 7351 ng mL−1 and 21,984 ng mL−1, respectively. The leachates of intravenous (i.v.) infusion bottle, medicinal and insulin syringes contained 17 ng mL−1, 12 ng mL−1 and 152 ng mL−1, respectively. Oleamide in the extracts of dummies ranged from 30 to 39 ng mL−1, while in the leachates of baby bottles, from 12 to 23 ng mL−1. Leachates of soft drink bottles contained from 6 to 15 ng mL−1 oleamide, milk bottles from 3 to 9 ng mL−1, liquid yogurt bottles 17 ng mL−1 and water bottles from 11 to 18 ng mL−1. Bottled real matrices of oil and milk contained oleamide in the range from 217 to 293 ng mL−1. Moreover, the source of migrated oleamide (e.g., containers, caps, other parts) was identified. Oleamide is listed in the current EU regulations without a specific migration limit. Accordingly, these values are considered of no concern, unless future toxicological studies prove the opposite.

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Lin, Lin, Yuxiong Huang, Pu Wang, et al. "Environmental occurrence and ecotoxicity of aquaculture-derived plastic leachates." Journal of Hazardous Materials 458 (September 2023): 132015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132015.

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Adekunle, Adebola, Fidelis Nkeshita, and Adetayo Akinsanya. "Influence of leachates on geotehnical and geochemical properties of termite mound soils." Environmental engineering 8, no. 1-2 (2021): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37023/ee.8.1-2.4.

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This study investigated the influence of leachate prepared from Telfairia occidentalis on the geotechnical and geochemical properties of termite mound soil obtained from the premises of the federal university of agriculture, Abeokuta, south-western Nigeria. The termite mound soil samples were collected from three different locations and each sample collected was contaminated by mixing with leachates in percentage increments of 0% 10%, 15% and 20% of dry weight of the air-dried soil. The soil samples were subjected to Atterberg limits and hydraulic conductivity tests for geotechnical observation and X-ray fluorescence tests for geochemical tests. The range of values for the geotechnical analyses were obtained as; plastic limit (9.1% – 14.2%), liquid limit (28.6 % – 61%), plasticity index ((18.2% – 49.5%) and hydraulic conductivity (1.85 – 4.1 x 10-8) cm/sec) with a resultant reduction in the plastic limit, liquid limit and plasticity index values but an increase in the hydraulic conductivity of the samples as the leachate concentration increased. The results from X-ray fluorescence analyses after 20% leachate contamination showed that the major elemental chemical composition for the three samples were comprised of SiO2 (56.25 – 56.5%), Al2O3 (28.42 – 28.50%), Fe2O3 (4.46 – 6.5%), TiO2 (1.08 – 1.23%), CaO (1.45 – 1.60%), P2O5 (0 – 0.04%), K2O (0.9 – 6.1%) and MnO (0.02 – 4.7%). There was a marginal alteration of the indices with the values inferring the presence of a minimum composition of feldspar and a major composition of quartz-rich minerals and thus lending more credence to the presence of silicates as shown from the X-ray fluorescence results. It also infers that the termite mounds are predominantly made from sand materials. The termite soil samples obtained from the aforementioned locations may not be suitable for engineering works unless stabilization procedure is adopted.

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Fries, Eric, and Roxana Sühring. "The unusual suspects: Screening for persistent, mobile, and toxic plastic additives in plastic leachates." Environmental Pollution 335 (October 2023): 122263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122263.

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Klein, Kristina, Delia Hof, Andrea Dombrowski, et al. "Enhanced in vitro toxicity of plastic leachates after UV irradiation." Water Research 199 (July 2021): 117203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117203.

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