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Weber Macena, Morgana, Rita Carvalho, Luísa Paula Cruz-Lopes, and Raquel P. F. Guiné. "Plastic Food Packaging: Perceptions and Attitudes of Portuguese Consumers about Environmental Impact and Recycling." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (September 4, 2021): 9953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179953.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of plastics for packaging has some advantages, since they are flexible and inexpensive. However, most plastics are of single use, which, combined with low recycling or reuse ratios, contributes substantially to environmental pollution. This work is part of a project studying the habits of Portuguese citizens concerning plastic food packaging and focuses on aspects related to sustainability. The survey was carried out via an online questionnaire about sustainability, recycling, and knowledge of the effects of plastic materials or their residues on the environment. The results were obtained based on a statistical analysis of the data. The participants tend to think about the negative impact of plastic packages on the environment; 39% sometimes do not buy plastic; and 30% try to look for alternatives. A substantial fraction, 81%, support the avoidance of plastic utensils and reduction in the use of plastic bags. Most participants have a good knowledge of recycling and strongly agree with the use of recycled materials, and 87% of respondents practice separation of different types of waste for recycling. Changing plastic consumption habits has not been an easy task. Nevertheless, it is expected that society will increasingly move toward sustainable habits, questioning its actions and considering their impact on the environment.
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Pimonenko, T., Yu Toptun, and Ya Us. "GENDER ASPECTS AND GREEN MARKETING: CASE FOR UKRAINE." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 2 (2020): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2020.2-16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper focused on the analysis of the gender factors under the developing of a marketing program to promote green goods. With the purpose to identify the scientific schools on this theme, the bibliometric analysis was conducted. In 2013 year and 2019 year, there was a significant increase in the number of publications which focused on the investigation on green marketing issues. Such trends could be explained by the growing level of interest of the world community in environmental issues. The findings allowed concluding that green marketing is considered by scientists in linking with such scientific areas as health economics, social development, economic development. The scientific community studied the gender and age parameters as key factors in the effective implementation of green marketing. In order to determine the role of gender and age factors in decision-making on the purchase of environmental goods, the survey of 176 students from Sumy State University (Ukraine) was conducted. The findings confirmed that women were more aware of environmental products than men, and 84.1% of women prefer to buy environmental products. It was determined that the most popular eco bags are shoppers – 54.5% among respondents, in second place – garbage sorting (49.4% among respondents), in third place – the rejection of plastic (48.3% among respondents). It was found that 77.8% of respondents are looking for eco-products in the category of food. Male respondents of all age are most looking for eco-goods in the category of household goods (55 respondents). Male respondents do not follow modern eco-trends and do not pay much attention to environmental labelling. Women, on the other hand, are more aware of environmental issues and often support eco-trends. The generalized results showed that one of the factors that reduce the effectiveness of green marketing was the low level of awareness of students on the nature and importance of eco-products. It was found that gender should be considered during the selection of communications channels with students and green marketing tools for the promotion of environmental products.
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Aurpa, Sehneela Sara, Sahadat Hossain, and Md Azijul Islam. "Effect of Plastic Waste on Volume Consumption of Landfill during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 15974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315974.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The COVID-19 pandemic has altered all aspects of human life since its breakout in March 2020 in the USA and around the world. There has been a tremendous increase in the use of plastic products as most of the PPE (masks, gloves, and other medical equipment) are made from plastic. Therefore, the generation of plastic waste was expected to increase significantly, which was also reported by many news agencies and organizations. This study determines the increase in plastic waste in municipal solid waste (MSW) and investigates its effect on landfill volume consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. MSW samples were collected from the working face of Irving Hunter Ferrell landfill from May 2020 to December 2020. During every attempted sample collection, eight bags of MSW samples, each weighing 20–25 lbs., were collected. The MSW samples collected from the landfill were characterized and later the volume was estimated to evaluate the potential effects on landfill airspace. Based on the experimental investigations, it was found that plastic waste generation increased significantly during the pandemic (increasing from an 18.5% pre-pandemic level to 30% during the pandemic). Volumetric estimation suggests that the increased amount of plastic waste occupies 20% more volume in landfills. Quantification and estimation of the volume of the increased amount of plastic waste can be useful in predicting the impact of the pandemic on the lifetime of landfills.
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Paterson, AR. "Pruning the Money-Tree to Ensure Sustainable Growth: Facilitating Sustainable Development Through Market-Based Instruments." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 9, no. 3 (July 5, 2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2006/v9i3a2827.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is growing global recognition that market-based instruments (MBI), such as environmentally-related taxes, levies and user-charges, are viable tools for facilitating environmental management and, ultimately, sustainable development. These instruments seek to correct market failure to value, or accurately value, environmental goods and services that consequently lead to environmental concerns being accorded insufficient consideration in everyday market activities. South Africa has introduced various MBI, largely in the form of environmentally-related taxes pertaining to mining, agriculture, electricity supply, water supply, waste water discharge and various products such as fuel and plastic shopping bags. The primary rationale underlying the introduction of these instruments has been revenue generation. Government has, however, acknowledged that MBI have potential to achieve other objectives, namely to mould human behaviour, encourage more efficient resource use and improve actual environmental outcomes. In an effort to facilitate further debate on the issue, the National Treasury recently published a draft policy paper titled A Framework for Considering Market-Based Instruments to Support Environmental Fiscal Reform in South Africa. The Draft Policy Paper reflects a significant shift in fiscal policy and provides four broad tax reform options that could contribute towards meeting both fiscal and environmental objectives, namely: reforming existing environmentally-related taxes and charges in the transport and solid waste sectors; introducing new environmentally-related taxes in the electricity and waste water sectors; reforming legal aspects of non-environmentally-related taxes with perverse environmental incentives and creating incentives to improve environmental outcomes. This article briefly considers each of the above options set out in the Draft Policy Paper by focusing on the following questions: Why has there been a shift toward the use of MBI to achieve environmental outcomes? To what extent are they used currently in South Africa? What are the options for extending their use in South Africa? What are the prerequisites for their successful implementation?
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Pangaribuan, Firman, and Rut K. Pangaribuan. "PENGEMBANGAN ALAT PERAGA DARI LIMBAH PLASTIK UNTUK MATERI GEOMETRI BIDANG DATAR JENJANG SEKOLAH DASAR [CREATING TEACHING AID FROM PLASTIC WASTE ON PLANE GEOMETRY IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL]." JOHME: Journal of Holistic Mathematics Education 5, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/johme.v5i1.3528.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Plastic waste that is difficult to decompose is a serious problem in environmental pollution. Geometry is a difficult subject for students, and plastic waste can be used as teaching aids to help students learn geometry. This research is a type of development research and aims to develop teaching aids from plastic waste in learning plane geometry in fifth grade elementary school. The results showed that the teaching aids developed were valid, practical and effective. Teaching aids are called practical if they meet the interesting, gradation, independent, auto-correction, and contextual aspects. The validity of the teaching aids is obtained through aspects of suitability, completeness, convenience, and clarity. Based on the assessment of the three validators, an average score of 3.50 was obtained so that the teaching aids were categorized as valid. The practicality of teaching aids by students showed that 95% of students stated that they were interesting, graded, and independent, 74% of students stated that it was auto-correction and 91% stated that it was contextual. The effectiveness of the teaching aids can be seen from the significant difference between the average pre-test score of 46.2 and the post-test average score of 77.3. The props from the plastic waste that were developed are stored and will be used later for the same lesson in the future.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: </strong>Limbah plastik yang sulit terurai adalah masalah yang serius dalam pencemaran lingkungan. Geometri merupakan pelajaran yang sulit bagi siswa, dan limbah plastik dapat digunakan sebagai alat peraga untuk membantu siswa dalam belajar geometri. Penelitian ini adalah jenis pengembangan dan bertujuan mengembangkan alat peraga dari limbah plastik dalam pembelajaran geometri bidang datar di kelas V SD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat peraga yang dikembangkan valid, praktis dan efektif. Alat peraga disebut praktis jika memenuhi aspek menarik, bergradasi, mandiri, <em>auto correction</em>, dan kontekstual. Kevalidan alat peraga diperoleh melalui aspek kesesuaian, kelengkapan, kemudahan, dan kejelasan. Berdasarkan penilaian tiga validator diperoleh skor rata-rata 3,50 sehingga alat peraga dikategorikan valid. Kepraktisan alat peraga oleh siswa menunjukkan bahwa 95% siswa menyatakan menarik, bergradasi, dan mandiri, 74% siswa menyatakan <em>auto correction </em>dan 91% menyatakan kontekstual. Keefektifan alat peraga terlihat dari perbedaan yang signifikan antara skor rata-rata pre tes 46,2 dan skor rata-rata pos tes 77,3. Alat peraga dari limbah plastik yang dikembangkan disimpan dan akan digunakan kemudian untuk pelajaran yang sama di kemudian hari.</p>
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Taslacı, Nazmi, Yaşar Sarı, and Davut Uysal. "How Manufacturers Haste and Consumers Taste Turn into Environmental Waste: a Waste Analysis of Picnickers in Eskişehir, Turkey." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 5, no. 1 (August 30, 2016): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v5i1.p134-142.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the modern life in the urban areas is fast and exhausting, people who are tired of the routine city life tend to involve in the recreational activities provided by the local governors in their neighborhood. One of these facilities is having a picnic in the picnic areas in the countryside. However, the expansion of these services produces great amount of rubbish and lacks of proper environmental management, too. This study presents an analysis of the waste generated by the visitors in the picnic areas of Eskişehir in Turkey. Based on observations in various different picnic areas, this study highlights the unsatisfactory aspects of the present situation in terms of the amount and the composition of the picnic waste scattered around. There is also a concern over the expansion of picnic activities in the area that would result in more waste being generated. The characteristics of domestic waste and people’s environmental awareness were studied by observing picnickers and analyzing over lefts they left in the picnic areas. The results showed that the wastes analyzed get accumulated in such categories like chicken packages, bottles, plastic bags, wet towels, diapers and cigarette butts. The motives that drive visitors to be ignorant about their wastes were laziness, carelessness, being accidental and unconsciousness. Therefore, both manufacturers and consumers need to be responsible for this environmental pollution in the picnic areas. Besides educating people about the issue in alternative ways, it is further suggested that governors must make manufacturers feel the need to touch a raw nerve by redesigning their products, and organizing social responsibility facilities and taxing products which are the most frequently found as waste in the recreational areas.
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Dębska, Bernardeta, and Guilherme Jorge Brigolini Silva. "Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Epoxy Mortars Made with Polyethylene and Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Waste." Materials 14, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 2203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article describes the results of a study to determine the simultaneous effect of polyethylene terephthalate waste (PET) and polyethylene (PE) on the strength characteristics and bulk density of epoxy mortars. In these mortars, 9 wt.% of the polymer binder was replaced by glycolysate which was made from PET waste and propylene glycol. Additionally, 0–10 vol.% of the aggregate was substituted with PE agglomerate made from plastic bags waste, respectively. The modification of the composition of epoxy mortar has a special environmental and economic aspect. It also allows to protect natural sources of the aggregate, while reducing the amount of waste and reducing problems arising from the need to store them. The resulting composite has very good strength properties. With the substitution of 9 wt.% of resin and 5 vol.% of sand, a flexural strength of 35.7 MPa and a compressive strength of 101.1 MPa was obtained. The results of the microstructure study of the obtained mortars constitute a significant part of the paper.
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Ssemugabo, Charles, Solomon Tsebeni Wafula, Grace Biyinzika Lubega, Rawlance Ndejjo, Jimmy Osuret, Abdullah Ali Halage, and David Musoke. "Status of Household Solid Waste Management and Associated Factors in a Slum Community in Kampala, Uganda." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (May 6, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6807630.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Only a third of the total waste generated in slum communities in Kampala is collected and disposed of to the landfill every month. This study assessed the status of household solid waste management and associated factors in a slum community in Kampala, Uganda. Methods. We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study involving 395 households using a semistructured questionnaire and an observational checklist. Proper solid waste management was determined based on possession of waste collection and storage receptacle; collection receptacle ability to minimise nuisances (covered); segregation of waste; presence of flies and other vectors; and collection receptacle fill status. Prevalence rate ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were used as a measure of association. Results. Only, 41.3% (163/395) of the households exhibited proper waste management practices. The majority of the households 85.8% (339/395) owned solid waste storage receptacles, most of which were sacs 61.7% (209/339) and would minimise nuisances 72.9% (245/339). The main type of waste collected was biodegradable materials 56.7% (224/395). The majority of the households 78.7% (311/395) did not segregate their waste. Solid waste was mainly transported to the collection point by pulling the collecting sac 54.4% (215/395). The city authority 73.9% (292/395) and private companies 12.9% (51/395) were the major entities collecting waste. Factors associated with proper waste management were collecting waste in plastic containers (adjusted PR = 1.27, 95% CI (1.04–1.55)), polythene bags (adjusted PR = 0.26, 95% CI (0.14–0.47)), and paper bags or metallic bins (adjusted PR = 0.13, 95% CI (0.03–0.44)) as well as awareness of solid waste management laws (adjusted PR = 1.49, 95% CI (1.20–1.85)) and the dangers of improper solid waste management (adjusted PR = 2.15, 95% CI (1.51–3.06)). Conclusion. Solid waste management was generally poor. As such, a cascade of interventions that address knowledge, physical, and behavioural aspects of solid waste management is required to improve its management in slum communities.
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Michaliszyn-Gabryś, Beata, Janusz Krupanek, Mariusz Kalisz, and Jonathan Smith. "Challenges for Sustainability in Packaging of Fresh Vegetables in Organic Farming." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 5346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095346.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The policy of circular economy focuses on phasing out fossil-based packaging and replacing it with more sustainable alternatives. Companies face the challenge of choosing packaging for their products that are functional and affordable, and place relatively less pressure on the environment. This is especially important for organic farms that make voluntary commitments to undertake sustainable decisions regarding practices and methods of farming and types of packaging used. This publication attempts to analyze the determinants of the choices of sustainable packaging solutions made by organic farming companies with the example of Scilly Organic, an organic micro farm from the Isles of Scilly, United Kingdom—a producer of organic vegetables. There are many options for fresh vegetable packaging, which include fossil-based packaging, bio-based packaging, and packaging manufactured from material that is a mixture of synthetic, natural, or modified polymers. Biodegradable packaging, including compostable ones, is currently of particular interest because, when separated and disposed of in the correct manner in the waste management phase, they have sustainability potential. Biodegradable plastics constitute over 55.5% of global bioplastics production. Packaging is the largest market segment for bioplastic, with 48% of the total bioplastics market in 2021. Although the use of biobased packaging brings some advantages, it also comes with certain limitations that are the subject of intensive research. In this publication, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool was used and a critical review of the literature was carried out. Based on the analysis, the key factors and aspects influencing the environmental performance of selected types of packaging were identified. The LCA was carried out for the three selected packaging types, including low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bags, polylactic acid (PLA) bags, and polyester starch biopolymer (PCSB) bags. The research showed that the selection of more sustainable packaging is not straightforward. The analysis performed was the basis for providing recommendations for improving the sustainability of organic farms with regard to the selection of packaging for fresh vegetables. The critical processes in the life cycle that have to be considered are, in the first place, the production of polymer-based materials, and to a lesser extent, the production of the packaging bags and post-consumption waste utilization. In the case of PLA bags, 51% of the total impact is attributed to the production of polymer material. For starch polyester bags, this share is 58%, and for LDPE it constitutes 41% of the total score. At the same time, the choice of packaging should be made in the context of the specific properties of the packaging material, the requirements for disposal methods, and local waste management systems.
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Shakle, Sunita. "ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE-PLASTIC." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3182.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Polythene is the most common plastic, the annual global production is approximately 60 million tones, and its primary use is in packing.
Plastic bags pollute soil and waters and kill thousands of marine generalize plastic bags are not biodegradable they clog water ways, spoil the land scape and end up in landfills. Where they may take 1000 year or more to break down into ever smaller particals that continue to pollution the soil and water.
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Sang, Anita Ng Heung. "Plastic Bags and Environmental Pollution." Art Education 63, no. 6 (November 2010): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00043125.2010.11519101.
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Li, Bowen, Jinxi Liu, Boxin Yu, and Xiaoyu Zheng. "The Environmental Impact of Plastic Grocery Bags and Their Alternatives." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1011, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1011/1/012050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Plastic grocery bags can casue a variety of environmental problems. Plastic bags pollute the air through their life cycle, from raw material extraction and manufacturing process to the disposal. The raw materials to produce plastic bags are mainly crude oil and natural gas, and the extraction process of those raw materials can cause the emission of a considerable amount of air pollutants to the atmosphere. In addition, plastic bags can also cause water pollution and soil pollution. Countries around the world have issued bans and tax measures to reduce the use of plastic grocery bags. At the same time, a variety of alternative options have been created and promoted to replace the use of plastic bags, including paper bags, jute bags, and other biodegradable bags. Each alternative has its advantages and disadvantages. After analysis of the environmental impacts and the practicability of plastic bags and their alternatives, we evaluated the feasibility of the utilization of alternative grocery bags under difference occasions as well as corresponding policy measures. Finally, we proposed several suggestions to mitigate the problem of plastic bag pollution, including developing new degradable bag technologies and reusing grocery bags.
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Cornelia, Melanie, Rizal Syarief, Hefni Effendi, and Budi Nurtama. "Characteristics of Environmental Friendly Labeled Plastic Shopping Bags in Indonesia." Advanced Materials Research 789 (September 2013): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.789.300.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plastics are synthetic polymers, made from petroleum and its derivatives which are non biodegradable. Today, more people used plastic bags to support their activities ,which caused the supply of plastic shopping bags to increase in large number. Plastic bags, eventually, are usually used as garbage which would cause negative impact on the environment. Environmental friendly plastic bags are made from renewable raw materials, such as starch from cassava, corn or others. There are the ones entirely starch based such as Enviplast (biodegradable); the ones with partial mixture of starch with plastic ores such as Ecoplas (biodegradable), the ones plastic ores are formulated with additives Oxium (oxodegradble), and conventional made from plastic ores only. Distinguishing characteristics of samples plastic shopping bags which were taken from domestic and abroad supermarkets can be seen from the result of FTIR, SEM, and AAS analysis along with burial in soil. Density of domestic plastic bag (1.119 g/cm3 ) are 49.55% smaller than samples abroad 2.258 g/cm3 .This means that in the country, a space to hold trash bags in the same weight needed almost 2x larger. Another discovery are some plastic shopping bags are labeled eco-friendly ,but had conventional plastic characteristisc .
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Spivey, Angela. "Plastic Bags--Prolific Problems." Environmental Health Perspectives 111, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): a208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.111-a208a.
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Manning, William J. "Environmental Pollution in India: Boycott Plastic Bags." Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 1874–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.874.
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Li, Yong, and Bairong Wang. "Go Green and Recycle: Analyzing the Usage of Plastic Bags for Shopping in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 28, 2021): 12537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312537.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The extensive usage of plastic bags has caused detrimental environmental damage, and an influx of research efforts have been undertaken to reduce people’s usage of plastic bags. However, studies regarding people’s reuse of plastic bags are still scarce. Therefore, this study is motivated to bridge this research gap by examining the determinants of old plastic bag usage and consumers’ maximum willingness to pay price for plastic carrier bags via a semi-structured online survey on a random sample of 777 Chinese consumers. Descriptive summary, KW test, and logistic regression were used to identify potential determinants and their influence on consumers’ usage of old plastic bags. The findings indicate that consumers’ age, altruistic values, and their perceived plastic ban effectiveness are positively associated with the usage of old plastic bags. Specifically, the elder and altruistic consumers who are positive for plastic ban effectiveness are more likely to reuse old plastic bags. Furthermore, when plastic carrier bags are priced at RMB 2.0, 81.2% of the surveyed consumers say they will stop buying them. Based on the pricing setting experience from the Irish plastic bag policy, we suggest that the optimal price of plastic carrier bags is RMB 12.0, which is also six times of the consumer’s maximum willingness to pay price.
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Seo, Yuna, and Fumiko Kudo. "Charging plastic bags: Perceptions from Japan." PLOS Sustainability and Transformation 1, no. 5 (May 2, 2022): e0000011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pstr.0000011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mandatory charges for plastic bags at all stores was implemented in Japan in July 2020 to encourage interest in environmental issues and raise awareness of environmental risks. We conducted a survey on mandatory plastic bag charging, dealing with environmental risk perception, pro-environmental habits, attempts to reduce plastic bags, and sense of community. In this study, we assumed that factors distinguished by the behavior change after charging, that is, reduced use of plastic shopping bags or no change from before, and the relationship with other typical environmental behaviors and perceptions would suggest its long-term success. Data were collected from two groups: Group 1 consisted of those who had reduced their use of plastic bags after the implementation of the mandate, and Group 2 were those who had not changed their behavior because of the mandate. First, we extracted factors to distinguish Group 1 from Group 2 using binary regression analysis. Second, we illustrated the relationship between the attempt to reduce plastic bags and other typical environmental behaviors and perceptions by conducting structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that age, place of residence, observing others’ behavior, attempts to use eco-friendly bags, and energy-saving behavior were significant influential factors in reducing plastic bags. Moreover, SEM showed that it was not significantly related to pro-environmental habits but would significantly influence environmental risk perception and recycling behavior. Therefore, it is suggested that mandatory charging can raise interest in environmental issues to foster further environmental behavior, while a detailed outreach strategy considering influential factors such as age, place of residence, individual pro-environmental habits, and so on would be necessary to successfully implement this strategy.
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Misgana, Bikila, and Gudina Terefe Tucho. "Assessment of Community’s Perception Toward Single-Use Plastic Shopping Bags and Use of Alternative Bags in Jimma Town, Ethiopia." Environmental Health Insights 16 (January 2022): 117863022210850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786302221085047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: The use of plastic shopping bags increases and poses tremendous pressure on the local environment. However, little is known about its utilization among different population categories and their perception of its utilization and willingness to use other sustainable alternatives. This study aimed to assess the community’s perception toward the use of plastic shopping bags and its options in Jimma town, Ethiopia Methods: A community-based descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted on 351 customers and retailers selected from the town’s main marketing areas. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire in a face-to-face interview and analyzed using SPSS v.21. Results: The results show that all the respondents use plastic shopping bags for different shopping services. The majority (147 (41.9%)) of the respondents said that they use 5 to 10 shopping bags, and 66 (18.8%) use more than 10 shopping bags per week. Participants responded with different reasons for the frequent use of plastic bags for shopping. Accordingly, 116 (33.0%) responded that plastic bags are cheap, 92 (26.2%) use them due to lack of alternatives, and 89 (25.4%) responded that plastic bags are light and convenient to use. However, 326 (93%) of the respondents support efforts to reduce single-use plastic bags, 284 (80.9%) support a ban on single-use plastic bags, and 319 (90%) were willing to pay for alternative shopping bags. Conclusion: Communities are aware of the environmental problems associated with the intensive use of plastic shopping bags, their wastes, and the need for alternative options. However, it will continue to pose significant environmental challenges unless low-cost and environment-friendly alternative options are available.
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Mavuso, M. M., and S. S. Singwane. "Consumers’ Perceptions on Plastic Bags Tax Levy in Peri-urban Areas of Eswatini: A Case of Kwaluseni and Logoba Chiefdoms." Open Waste Management Journal 13, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874347101912010014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: This study focused on assessing the perceptions of consumers on plastic bags tax levy in peri-urban areas of Eswatini, using Kwaluseni and Logoba chiefdoms as case studies. Methods: The areas of key focus include knowledge of and attitudes of consumers towards plastic bags pollution, strategies employed by consumers to manage plastic bags, consumers’ willingness to pay for plastic bags and what Eswatini Environment Authority has done so far in controlling plastic bags pollution. Results: A total of 165 households, (99 from Kwaluseni and 66 from Logoba) were conveniently sampled and interviewed with the aid of a questionnaire. Community leaders and an environmental inspector from Eswatini Environment Authority were also interviewed. The findings show that the use of plastic bags is increasing in both chiefdoms (92.93% at Kwaluseni and 92.42% at Logoba). Concerning what respondents do with the plastics bags after ferrying their goods home, 25% at Kwaluseni and 19% at Logoba of the respondents claimed to reuse some bags and throw away the rest. Conclusion: With regard to willingness to pay, the findings indicate that 49.70% of the respondents are willing to buy plastic bags.
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Novianti, Ayi Indah, and Lindawati Kartika. "PENGARUH GREEN MARKETING KEBIJAKAN KANTONG PLASTIK BERBAYAR TERHADAP GREEN BEHAVIOUR MASYARAKAT KOTA BOGOR." Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis (JRMB) Fakultas Ekonomi UNIAT 2, no. 1 (February 15, 2017): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36226/jrmb.v2i1.32.
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Paid plastic bags policy issued by The Ministry of Environmental and Forestry to reduce plastic waste problem and promote green behaviour lifestyle. In order to change consumer behaviour when using plastic bags, government need to look over the marketing of paid plastic bags policy. The objective of this study are to identify customer respons about using their own bags, customer perceptions of green marketing and green behaviour, analyze green marketing of paid plastic bags policy influence towards green behavior.Primary data are obtained by questionnaire method and the secondary data are obtained from Department of Industry and Trade. The data have been analyzed using structural equation model and descriptive analysis. The result of this study shows after the policy applied, more customers are willing to carry their own shopping bag and reduce using plastic bags. The price of plastic bags are still considered too cheap and should be increased. Green marketing process that has significance influence towarads green behavior are know your customer, empowering customer and reassure the buyer.
Keywords: green marketing, green behavior
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Baidarus, Muhammad. "ANALISIS DAMPAK EKSTENSIFIKASI BARANG KENA CUKAI PADA KANTONG PLASTIK TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA." Jurnal BPPK : Badan Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Keuangan 11, no. 2 (December 18, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.48108/jurnalbppk.v11i2.341.
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The use of plastic bags in Indonesia growing more rapidly because its characteristic that practical and steady. Ministry of Environment and Forestry stated the consumption of plastic bags that produced by 90 thousands modern retail outlets in 2016 reaches 9,85 billion. The high rate consumption of plastic bags made Indonesia as the second biggest country produced plastic rubbish after China. As a result, it bring about uncontrollable environmental pollution that harmful to health. This research study the effects of excise in the economy. The establishment of excise on plastic bags cause the plastic bag prices more increasing. Each 1% increase of plastic bag price decrease the demand in the amount of 0,957% and the 20% excise tariff is potentially increase excise revenue to IDR1.603.268,19 million. Therefore, the establishment of excise on plastic bags is the right way that must be applied by goverment to reduce the high cosumption of plastic bags in Indonesia. This research use a descriptive method by studying the result of scientific analytical of data that obtained from documentary and interview result.
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Muposhi, Asphat, and Roy Shamhuyenhanzva. "Retailer Volunteerism as a Plastic Shopping Bag Governance Tool: Shoppers’ Reflections and Contributions to Environmental Social Marketing." Social Marketing Quarterly 27, no. 4 (November 4, 2021): 370–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15245004211055688.
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Introduction The pollution of landscapes and coastal environments with plastic shopping bag litter is an escalating global problem. The introduction of plastic bag tax aimed at addressing this challenge achieved limited success in South Africa. This study explores South African shoppers’ perceptions towards social marketing anchored retailer voluntary initiatives, which is an emerging plastic bag policy option. Literature Adverse environmental and social effects of plastic shopping bags are discussed. Retailer voluntary initiatives used to de-market plastic shopping bags, including jurisdictions where they were implemented, are also reviewed. The focus is on retailer anti-plastic bag initiatives such as ‘reusable shopping bags’ and ‘plastic bag-free’ shops. Methods This study is situated within a constructivist research paradigm and a qualitative methodology. Data were collected from a sample of 31 grocery shoppers recruited from retailer outlets in South Africa’s metropolitan cities, Johannesburg and Pretoria. In-depth interviews were conducted to explore shoppers’ perceptions towards retailer-driven anti-plastic bag voluntary initiatives. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse interview data. Findings The findings of this study highlight shoppers’ negative perceptions towards retailer anti-plastic bag voluntary initiatives. Shoppers perceived retailer anti-plastic bag voluntary initiatives as forms of green capitalism, green entrepreneurship, symbolic corporate social responsibility, strategic business posture, commandeered green consumerism, measured environmental morality, masked green washing and calculated pre-emptive behaviour. Future studies may seek to extend the generalisability of these findings by using a larger sample size. Conclusion The study’s findings highlight the trust deficit associated with retailer anti-plastic bags voluntary initiatives and the importance of enhancing market acceptance and legitimacy. Mistrust and cynicism directed towards retailer anti-plastic bag voluntary initiatives point to the importance of consumer education aimed at emphasising the negative effects of single-use plastic shopping bags. This study concludes that reliance on retailer self-regulation may not be the best approach to solve the escalating problem of plastic bag litter. We argue that national governments need to implement interventions that strike a balance between environmental sustainability and economic development.
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Le, Khoa Van. "University of Technology, VNU-HCM." Science and Technology Development Journal 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i2.1921.
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Plastic bags are associated with convenience and low cost. The over-use and disposal of plastic waste with non specifications are made the regrettable corollary to landscape and environment. Therefore, research on plastic bag use reduction measures in Ho Chi Minh City is necessary, and will contribute to improving public awareness about environmental protection, aiming at a sustainable consumption society in Ho Chi Minh City. This research gathered and analyzed documents regarding plastic bag’s effects on the environment; documents and figures related to plastic bag use management in the world; and combined with surveying, collecting related data about reducing plastic bag use in Ho Chi Minh City. Many measures from economic tools to enforcement, even through media campaigns are proposed to guaranty the success of the program; such as a ban of free plastic bags, a tax on using plastic bags, improving public awareness, setting up a system for plastic bag collection. In addition to, the potential conditions and solutions were studied for replacing plastic bags with environmentally friendly bags.
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Bharadwaj, Bishal, Jean Marie Baland, and Mani Nepal. "What makes a ban on plastic bags effective? The case of Nepal." Environment and Development Economics 25, no. 2 (October 11, 2019): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x19000329.
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AbstractThe extensive use of plastic bags in Nepal has led to growing concern in recent years. We investigate the impact of a municipal plastic bags ban on bags use behavior, based on a field survey carried out among consumers and retailers across selected municipalities. Our results indicate that the effectiveness of the ban critically depends on its enforcement and sanctioning system. In particular, our results suggest that the perceived sanction is a critical determinant of plastic bags use, as a doubling of the perceived sanction could reduce plastic bags use by two-thirds for retailers and by one-half for consumers. While the nominal amount of the fine does not seem to play a role, the probability of being detected appears to play a key role in the perceived sanction. This implies that effective monitoring of the ban by the municipal authorities is critical for the success of the policy.
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na, Normali, Muhammad Hatta, Hafizia noor, and Hamd ani. "Plastic Waste Management through the Role of Leadership Adaptation of Environmental Inspected Habits." Webology 18, Special Issue 04 (September 30, 2021): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v18si04/web18127.
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The research method is qualitative with phenomenological approach. The research design using one site involving Banjarmasin City in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data collection techniques used were content analysis, participatory observation and depth interviews. The analysis used in answering this research is a combination of various analytical methods to answer each of the objectives namely miles & Huberman analysis and Webbed Spider Model Analysis as the ultimate in formulating management of plastic waste through a leadership role. The results of this research found that the adaptation of environmentally sound habits in minimizing the production of plastics waste through local wisdom approaches and changing the people's mindset to live healtier. The purpose of writing this paper is to provide examples of new habits of healthy living by starting to reduce the use of plastic bags as the main source of waste generation that is not easily biodegradable in Banjarmasin City produced in every citi anywhere and is a major problem of environmental damage, including Banjarmasin City as a city of a thousand rivers, south Kalimantan Province. Effort to reduce the use of pastic bags began in stages, starting with modern retailers in the City of Banjarmasin. Through a leadership role based on local wisdom and a persuasive approach that is environmentally sound, it can provide solutions in current and future waste management. Result from this research is Banjramasin as the first City in Indonesia implemented regulation to reduction of plastic waste for modern retailers which are widely scattered throughout the City, sub-districts and villages. This is effective through regulation and direct approach to society. In the waste management that is carried out in the City of Banjarmasin includes waste reduction activities with ten activities and waste handling through five activities. As a substitute for these plastic bags, plastic bag producers are forced to use environmentally friendly plastic bags and / or purun baskets which are products of local wisdom of the people of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, all of these activities are carried out by involving the community by applying the rules without sanctions. Until this paper was written, there has never been a leader with leadership who has implemented a similar regulation as a direct effort from the role of a leader in reducing the use of plastic bags, where the use of plastic bags is the biggest contributor as a source of producing plastic waste.
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Mbohwa, C., and G. Manjera. "An Environmental Assessment of the Life Cycle of the Plastic Carrier Bag in Zimbabwe." Advanced Materials Research 18-19 (June 2007): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.18-19.501.
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Plastic carrier bags have gained popularity with Zimbabwean shoppers since they provide convenient carriage of groceries and related goods. However most of these have a short useful life and are often disposed into landfills or littered. This research was aimed at assessing the interaction between the High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic carrier bag life cycle and the environment, hence identifying specific life cycle stages that pose significant threats to the environment. The study was conducted in accordance with the ISO 14040 based Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The life cycle stages assessed include the extraction of HDPE, transportation of HDPE pellets, production of the bags, transportation of the finished goods to retailers and disposal scenarios. Improvement strategies were then identified to optimise the environmental performance of the plastic carrier bags.
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Malipula, Mrisho Mbegu, and Theobald Frank Theodory. "Community Perceptions on the Ramifications of Mono-use Plastic Shopping Bags and Bottles Consumption on the Environment in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania." Ghana Journal of Geography 14, no. 2 (August 11, 2022): 235–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjg.v14i2.9.
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Tanzania, as it is the case for many countries in the world, is suffering from increased mono-use plasticshopping bags and bottles besieged into the environment. This article explores the social perceptions of monouseplastic shopping bags and bottles consumptions and the potential that those perceptions offer in mitigatingthe negative environmental impacts associated with their use. The article is a result of a mixed methodresearch design that mainly relied on interviews, focus group discussion and household survey withMorogoro inhabitants. The fundamental argument of this article is that local communities in MorogoroMunicipal Council perceive excessive use of mono-use plastic shopping bags and bottles negatively due totheir dilapidating environmental impacts. As such, they recommend environmentally friendly choices likegreater use of multi-use plastic shopping bags and bottles to substitute excessive use of mono-use plasticshopping bags and bottles for curbing the environmental impacts. Equally, restrictions on usage of mono-useplastic shopping bags coupled with voluntary actions aimed at reducing the same were deemed vital forsustaining negative effects of said plastic materials in and on the environment.
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Oluwatosin O., Olaosebikan, Alo, Moses N.,, Ugah, Uchenna I., and Olayemi Albert M. "Environmental Effect on Biodegradability of Plastic and Paper Bags." IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 8, no. 1 (2014): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2402-08132229.
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Stolper, Samuel. "Fat Tails, Plastic Bags, and Barnacles: Environmental Economics Decoded." Public Administration Review 73, no. 4 (May 17, 2013): 656–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/puar.12084.
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Alam, Ohidul, Mukaddis Billah, and Ding Yajie. "Characteristics of plastic bags and their potential environmental hazards." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 132 (May 2018): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.01.037.
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Humairoh, Humairoh, and Mohammad Annas. "Faktor Penentu Perilaku Hijau untuk Mengurangi Kantong Belanja Plastik." Jurnal Manajemen 13, no. 3 (October 1, 2022): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/jm-uika.v13i3.8095.
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<p><em>The environmental damage because by plastic waste is very stressful. Indonesia is the second country in the world to supply plastic waste into the ocean after China. one of the prevention efforts is to reduce using plastic shopping bags originating from the modern retail industry. This examines goals to analyze the impact of green promotion, green e-wom, and green consumer satisfaction factors on interest in the usage of zero plastic shopping bags and consumer behavior in reducing plastic shopping bags. The sample in this examination had 98 respondents who shop at modern retailers within the Tangerang area, Banten Province in assembly their each-day desires. The sampling approach used was purposive sampling. statistics collection used a survey approach with a questionnaire that was distributed thru the G-shape electronically. The statistics are processed with the assistance of the smart-PLS software program. The results display the positive effect of green marketing, green e-wom, green satisfaction, and interest in the use of zero plastic shopping bags on consumer behavior to reduce plastic shopping bags, both in part or simultaneously</em><em>.</em></p>
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Kim, Taeyoun. "Rediscovering value through crafting plastic bags." Craft Research 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/crre_00071_1.
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As a fibre artist, I have tried to create unique work that differentiates from contemporary art and historical art forms. One such attempt involves my work using plastic bags and the resulting outcomes, which began with my interest in yarn. Many factors determine the quality of a material but a common characteristic is that a textile has its roots in yarn. I questioned ‘what if the yarn changes? ‐ that is, if the materials sourced for yarn production change, before conceptualizing a specific artefact, the yarn can become a unique fabric in itself’. After a long series of tests with different materials, I chose to use the plastic bag, which has astounding potential as an art/craft material. My aim was to return the practicality of an everyday object back into everyday life. By giving a new value to the plastic bags’ original function of holding and moving things, I intended to unveil questions of ‘utility’ and ‘meaning’. In addition to its physical properties and material potential, the plastic bag broadened my conceptual framework of meaningful craft practice. When plastic bags first appeared, they were a symbol of hygiene and convenience in modern life. However, this ground-breaking material has since turned out to be a main culprit of environmental destruction; these contradictory perspectives representing contrasting ‘values’. Through my extensive work with recycled plastic bags, mainly sourced through waste streams, I have discovered further values and realize that the utility and value of an object (existence) are not fixed, but are dependent on the gaze and attitude of the viewer or user. In this article, I convey what I have found and realized through hand crafted yarn production and weaving techniques and hope it will lead to the discovery of further values for new audiences.
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Ernyasih, Ernyasih, and Isnie Nurajizah Wijayanti. "Factors Related to Reducing The Use of Plastic Bags in Kabupaten Bekasi." Muhammadiyah International Public Health and Medicine Proceeding 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 547–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53947/miphmp.v1i1.98.
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The amount of waste in Indonesia in 2019 will reach 68 million tons and plastic waste is estimated to reach 9.52 million tons or 14 percent of the total existing waste. (Regional Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia, 2017). In 2018 the total amount of waste in Bekasi Regency reached 152.3 tons per year. The composition of waste from plastic sources ranks first in the type of non-organic waste with a percentage of 9% (Bekasi Regency Environmental Service, 2018). Many impacts are caused by plastic bags on the environment, human health, and marine life. This study was conducted to determine the factors associated with reducing the use of plastic bags in the Bekasi Regency. The study design used was cross-sectional with primary data distributed through a questionnaire. A sample of 319 people, the retrieval is done by simple random sampling technique. Data analysis used chi square test (α = 0.05). Variables related to reducing the use of plastic bags are knowledge (p-value = 0.009 and OR = 0.465) and attitude (p-value = 0.038 and OR = 0.587). While the variables that were not related to the reduction in the use of plastic bags were age (p-value = 0.509), gender (p-value = 0.065), education (p-value = 0.667) and salary (p-value = 0.359). Factors that influence the reduction in the use of plastic bags in the Bekasi Regency are knowledge and attitudes. It is hoped that there will be an increase in the application of plastic bag costs in government policies regarding the plastic bag diet so that the use of plastic bags in the community can be minimized.
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Wang, Bairong, Yuhua Zhao, and Yong Li. "How Do Tougher Plastics Ban Policies Modify People’s Usage of Plastic Bags? A Case Study in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 10718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010718.
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This study analyzes people’s bag usage before and after the introduction of the tougher 2021 plastics ban policies by counting the number of charged carrier bags, inner bags, old plastic bags, and reusable bags used by consumers at the exits of the investigated supermarkets in Shanghai, China. The results indicate positive effects of the tougher 2021 measures by observing significantly decreased usage of charged carrier bags by 46%, and significantly increased usage of old plastic bags and reusable bags by 117% and 36%, respectively. Policy execution loopholes are found in some supermarkets which do not follow the tougher plastics ban measures. Fortunately, the spill-over effects from tougher-measure-executing supermarkets fix this issue to some extent. Additionally, the tougher 2021 measures fail to be the most powerful impacting factor on people’s usage of each type of bag. To produce better plastics reducing results, other bag-targeted measures are necessary.
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Indah, A. Besse Riyani, Nadzirah Ikasari Syamsul, Dian Retnari, and Nilda Syamsul. "ANALYSIS OF ZERO PLASTIC BAG POLICY EFFECT ON GREEN BEHAVIOUR WITH STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING (SEM) METHOD." Journal of Industrial Engineering Management 6, no. 1 (May 18, 2021): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33536/jiem.v6i1.642.
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Plastic bag is a product that is very often used in everyday life. Plastic bags are one of the biggest contributors to the volume of waste in Indonesia. Therefore, a policy related to the use of plastic bags is called a zero plastic bag. This policy requires plastic bag users to switch to using environmentally friendly bags. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of the zero platic bag policy on Makassar City community behavior related to the environment or green behavior if this policy is applied in the City of Makassar. To determine the effect of the zero plastic bag policy on people's behavior patterns about the environment using the SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) method. Initial identification was carried out by distributing questionnaires to respondents using plastic bags, especially retail consumers in Makassar City. The questionnaire contained green behavior variables which consisted of five variables. Then the results of data collection using a questionnaire are processed using descriptive analysis and then look for the effect of zero plastic bag policies on green behavior using the SEM method. The results of the identification of the influence of zero plastic bag policy based on four variables namely environmental knowledge, environmental attitude, green advertising, and green consumption on green behavior are that of the four variables that have a positive influence on green behavior are environmental attitude, green advertising, and green consumption . The results of this study can be used as policy input and see how effective this policy is when applied in Makassar City.
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Vaverková, Magdalena, František Toman, Dana Adamcová, and Jana Kotovicová. "Study of the Biodegrability of Degradable/Biodegradable Plastic Material in a Controlled Composting Environment." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 19, no. 3 (January 1, 2012): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10216-011-0025-8.
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Study of the Biodegrability of Degradable/Biodegradable Plastic Material in a Controlled Composting EnvironmentThe objective of this study was to determine the degrability/biodegradability of disposable plastic bags available on the market that are labeled as degradable/biodegradable and those certified as compost. The investigated materials were obtained from chain stores in the Czech Republic and Poland. Seven kinds of bags (commercially available) were used in this study. One of them was a disposable bag made of HDPE and mixed with totally degradable plastic additive (TDPA additive). Another was a disposable made of polyethylene with the addition of pro-oxidant additive (d2w additive). One was labeled as 100% degradable within various periods of time, from three months up to three years, and four were certified as compostable. The test was carried out in a controlled composting environment. The biodisintegration degree of the obtained pieces was evaluated following a modified version of ČSN EN 14806 Norm "Packaging - Preliminary evaluation of the disintegration of the packaging materials under simulated composting conditions in a laboratory scale test" and a modified version of ČSN EN ISO 20200 "Plastics - Determination of the degree of disintegration of plastic materials under simulated composting conditions in laboratory-scale test" (ISO 20200:2004). The emphasis was put on determination whether the bags are degradable/biodegradable or not.
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Xu, Liujie, Yuan Zhong, Xi He, Xiong Shi, and Qingbin Song. "Perception and Behavioural Changes of Residents and Enterprises under the Plastic Bag Restricting Law." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 26, 2022): 7792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137792.
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With the severe plastic pollution issue worldwide, restrictions or bans on plastic bags have become the most popular policy intervention. As essential participants in reducing plastic consumption, residents and enterprises are vital in implementing the plastic bag restriction law (PBRL). Through a questionnaires survey of the 630 consumers and 50 enterprises, this study investigates residents’ and enterprises’ perceptions and behavioural changes toward PBRL in Macao and identifies the key influence factors. The results show that most of the respondents (95%) began to reduce the use of plastic bags after implementing the PBRL. The Internet and TV/radio were essential ways for respondents to acquire knowledge of the PBRL policy. The results of applying the binary regression model indicate that demographic characteristics (gender), plastic bags knowledge, environmental concern, and policy satisfaction were the key factors in individual consumers’ behavioural changes. For enterprises, the supermarkets have the most significant decline in sales of plastic bags. Moreover, some enterprises, especially grocery stores and supermarkets also imply that their sales are affected after implementing the PBRL. The obtained results in this study may serve as a reference for Macao and other regions to promote and improve PBRL in the future.
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He, Haoran. "Effects of environmental policy on consumption: lessons from the Chinese plastic bag regulation." Environment and Development Economics 17, no. 4 (March 1, 2012): 407–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x1200006x.
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AbstractTo reduce plastic bag litter, China introduced a nationwide regulation requiring all retailers to charge for plastic shopping bags on 1 June 2008. By using the policy implementation as a natural experiment and collecting individual-level data before and after the implementation, we investigate the impacts of the regulation on consumers’ bag use. We find that the regulation implementation caused a 49 per cent reduction in the use of new bags. Besides regulation enforcement, consumers’ attitude toward the regulation and some consumers’ socioeconomic characteristics also affected bag consumption. However, the regulation effects differ largely among consumer groups and among regions and shopping occasions.
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Kırdök, Onur, Berker Çetintaş, Asena Atay, İrem Kale, Tutku Didem Akyol Altun, and Elif Esin Hameş. "A Modular Chain Bioreactor Design for Fungal Productions." Biomimetics 7, no. 4 (October 27, 2022): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7040179.
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Plastic bag bioreactors are single-use bioreactors, frequently used in solid culture fermentation. This study developed plastic bag bioreactors with more effective aeration conditions and particular connection elements that yield sensors, environmental control, and modular connectivity. This bioreactor system integrates the bags in a chain that circulates air and moisture through filtered connections. Within the present scope, this study also aimed to reveal that cultures in different plastic bags can be produced without affecting each other. In this direction, biomass production in the modular chain bioreactor (MCB) system developed in this study was compared to traditional bag systems. In addition, contamination experiments were carried out between the bags in the system, and it was observed that the filters in the developed system did not affect the microorganisms in different bags.
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Khoo, Hsien Hui, Reginald B. H. Tan, and Kevin W. L. Chng. "Environmental impacts of conventional plastic and bio-based carrier bags." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 15, no. 3 (February 13, 2010): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-010-0162-9.
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Khoo, Hsien Hui, and Reginald B. H. Tan. "Environmental impacts of conventional plastic and bio-based carrier bags." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 15, no. 4 (February 23, 2010): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-010-0163-8.
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Penn, Jerrod, Sapana Bastola, and Wuyang Hu. "Nudging Away from Plastic Bags with Charitable Donations." Land Economics 98, no. 1 (October 20, 2021): 132–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/le.98.1.011820-0007r1.
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Hasan, Dahliana. "Indonesia: Paid Plastic Bag Policy: Its Concept and Relevance to Pollution-Levy Principles." Environmental Policy and Law 50, no. 4-5 (March 12, 2021): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-200244.
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This research aims to determine and analyse the categories of levies in the paid plastic bag policy in Indonesia, and its relevance to pollution levies. Based on analysis, this research comes to the following conclusion: the paid plastic bags policy in Indonesia cannot be categorised as a tax or charge. The main characteristics of taxes or charges are not contained in the policy of paid plastic bags, especially in terms of the legal relationship between the parties. Paying for plastic bags fits in much better with the general concept of a pollution levy. In the context of imposing a cost on consumers, the relevance of this policy to pollution-levy principles could be seen from the attainable objective, namely altering consumer behaviour through pricing. This study contributes to current global literature in the field of the use of the levy concept in the paid plastic bag policy and its relevance to pollution abatement principles.
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Setyawati, Ni Luh Yuni, I. Ketut Kasta Arya Wijaya, and Luh Putu Suryani. "Pelaksanaan Peraturan Walikota Denpasar Nomor 36 Tahun 2018 tentang Pengurangan Penggunaan Kantong Plastik." Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 2, no. 3 (November 27, 2021): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.2.3.4127.501-506.
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Plastic waste is one of the causes of environmental problems. Therefore, the Denpasar City Government issued a Mayor Regulation on Reducing the Use of Plastic Bags. The purposes of this study are to reveal the implementation of the Denpasar Mayor Regulation Number 36 of 2018 concerning Reducing the Use of Plastic Bags and the inhibiting factors in the implementation of the Mayor's Regulation Number 36 of 2018. The type of research used is empirical legal research with a statutory approach. The technique of collecting legal materials is done by observation, interviews and documentation methods. Sources of data used are primary and secondary data sources. After the data was collected, the data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. The results of the discussion revealed that the Mayor's regulation was formed with the aim of controlling environmental damage and ensuring the sustainability of living things. The implementation of this regulation has not been effective because there are still many business actors and people who use plastic bags without replacing them with alternative bags. Inhibiting factors in the implementation of Denpasar Mayor Regulation No. 36 of 2018, namely the lack of public awareness of the dangers posed by the use of single-use plastic bags, the existence of the covid-19 pandemic which hinders government programs in directly socializing this regulation. Efforts that can be made by the government in socializing the reduction of plastic use can only be done virtually through mass media in the form of radio and television.
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Utama, Adi. "The Influence of Consumer Knowledge and Green Advertising on the Decision to Use Plastic Bags." Almana : Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis 5, no. 2 (August 16, 2021): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36555/almana.v5i2.1677.
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Plastic waste is a serious problem in Indonesia. Synthetic plastic or non-degradable plastic is a cause of waste and a trigger for environmental pollution. Plastic waste is the most discarded waste by humans because many people use plastic for their daily needs, whether it be individuals, shops, or large companies. The research objectives are to obtain the results of the study consumer knowledge about the dangers of plastic, to find out the analysis of the implementation of green advertisement, to know how the consumer's decision to use plastic bags, to determine the analysis of the influence of consumer knowledge on use decisions and to determine the analysis of the effect of green advertising on decisions to use plastic. The research method used was descriptive verificative with data collection techniques through literature and distributing questionnaires. The results showed that the consumer knowledge about the dangers of plastic shows is in the tofu category which shows that consumers know how dangerous plastic bags are. Consumer knowledge and green advertising do not affect the decision to use plastic. This indicates that consumer knowledge and green advertising have not been able to explain the use of plastic bags.
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Muthu, Subramanian Senthilkannan, Yi Li, J. Y. Hu, P. Y. Mok, and Xuemei Ding. "Eco-Impact of Plastic and Paper Shopping Bags." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 7, no. 1 (March 2012): 155892501200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501200700103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article describes the study of the eco-impact of plastic and paper bags using the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) technique under three different options: usage and disposal criteria with the existing usage behavior to reuse and governmental policies to recycle (option1), usage and disposal criteria as per consumers’ perceptions if systems are in place (option2) and usage and disposal criteria in case of absence of recycling systems (option3). The first stage, which was the baseline for other options, comprised of the study of the eco-impact of plastic and paper bags in the manufacturing phase, without considering the usage and disposal phases. LCIA was performed by the Eco-indicator 99, a damage oriented method for LCIA in SIMAPRO 7.1. The single score values calculated by the Eco-indicator'99 were considered as a directive to compare the environmental impact made by plastic and paper bags and a detailed explanation of the results is provided in this article. The next stage was the study of the eco-impact of these bags including their usage and disposal phases. This was undertaken with the three different options as stated above and the results derived were compared with the results derived from the baseline study, which is the main focus of the study under discussion. The values for usage and end-of-life phases were obtained from the questionnaire survey of different user groups of shopping bags in China, Hong Kong and India. The results of this study show that the eco-impact of plastic and paper bags was very high if there were no usage and disposal options provided. When the eco-impact values from options of existing possibilities and consumers’ perception were compared, the eco-impact value was lower in option 1 in all the three countries for both types of bags, which is mainly attributed to the fact that in option 1, a higher percentage of reuse is preferred to recycle and disposal to landfill categories. Also the eco-impact of these two types of bags was studied with and without the presence of recycling systems in China, India and Hong Kong, where the eco-impact was lower due to the presence of recycling systems. The results indicate that a higher percentage of reuse could significantly trim down the eco-impact of plastic and paper bags. Consumers’ perceptions and usage behaviors in connection with respective government's policies and implementation of recycling systems could be highly decisive in reducing the eco-impact of plastic and paper shopping bags.
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Wang, Sheng, Songqi Ma, Jianfan Qiu, Anping Tian, Qiong Li, Xiwei Xu, Binbo Wang, Na Lu, Yanlin Liu, and Jin Zhu. "Upcycling of post-consumer polyolefin plastics to covalent adaptable networks via in situ continuous extrusion cross-linking." Green Chemistry 23, no. 8 (2021): 2931–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc04337k.
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Raoelivololona, Tefy, Mamiharijaona Ramaroson, and Chrysostome Raminosoa. "Waste transformation of plastic bags by wet polymer binding." MATEC Web of Conferences 307 (2020): 01042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030701042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since twenty years, Madagascar suffered, by the advanced level of pollution due to the proliferation of plastic bags. They are always discarded in nature and constitute an increasingly important visual and environmental pollution in cities. And because they are easily carried and deposited everywhere by the wind, it has more negative consequences on the environment and thus on the health of the population. Plastics are among the most persistent pollutants and the problem appears when they reach the waste stage. The degradation of these plastic bags requiring more than four centuries, so the search for solutions for the use of these products is very solicited to preserve the environment. That’s why our research is consecrated into the transformation of plastic bags into pavers or bricks at a lower cost. The combustion of plastics releases large quantities of thick and toxic fumes. So, to avoid this phenomenon, our so-called “wet” process consists in heating a mixture of a Rich Carbon of Waste Element (RCWE), fusing the plastic bags as a binder and adding the sand as agglomerate. We obtain a quantity of product 3 times higher than the quantity of plastic bags used (to have 60 kg of product, we need 20 kg of plastic bags) unlike the other processes providing 5 kg of product for 20 kg of plastic bags, ie the plastic is reduced by ¼. The rest of the study focused on the melting temperature of the plastic bag in the RCWE which is approximately 110° C, the proportions between the RCWE and the plastic bag for the optimization of the cost of energy : we showed that the energy is optimal for a proportion of half (100g of RCWE for 50g of plastic), the proportions between plastics and sand (binder and agglomerate) : by weight, the binder must always be less than the agglomerate (the result is optimal in the proportion of agglomerate -binder 80 -20), the mechanical behavior : the result shows that when the quantity of plastics is the higher, the maximum stress is high, but the plastic area is low. The product is among the ductile materials, the property of which a material can permanently deform before breaking (an important factor for the deformation of materials), the permeability, and the adhesion test with the rubber.
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LAI-LI, WANG, DING XUE-MEI, and WU XIONG-YING. "Factors affect the carrying capacity of non-woven shopping bags." Industria Textila 68, no. 01 (March 1, 2017): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.068.01.1362.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The belief that shopping with reusable shopping bags is an important environmental and socially conscious choice has gained prevalence. Many countries have taken steps to ban free retail use of disposable plastic bags. Non-woven shopping bags were widely used by consumers to carry purchased groceries and goods after prohibiting the distribution of free plastic shopping bags in China since June 1, 2008. Carrying capacity is an important factor that affects the reusable times of non-woven shopping bags. In this paper, the carrying capacity was evaluated with hanging tests. The results showed that handle belt and the seam jointing handle belt and bag body fatigued faster than other parts during tests. They were the most important two factors that affect the carrying capacity. Thermal attachment technology was better than sewing technology as it caused less cutting damages on the fabric during the production of non-woven shopping bags. Increasing the width of handle belts and the gram weight of non-woven fabric can improve the carrying capacity of shopping bags.
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Ragusa, Angela T., and Andrea Crampton. "(In)Conveniently Disposable: Waste Concern doesn‟t Affect Plastic Consumption." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 12, no. 8 (2021): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2021.12.8.1347.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mixed-methods analysis of >400 online social surveys conducted at an Australian organisation is presented to identify individuals most likely to consider the environmental impact of packaging when making purchase decisions, including bottled water, and/or take their own shopping bags/coffee cups to minimise plastic consumption. Findings are compared for two social groups, the minority (33%) who articulated ‘waste’ as a personal environmental concern, and the majority. With high disposable coffee cup consumption existing alongside ‘most’ product-choices based on their pro-environmental packaging, findings further green ‘attitude/behaviour’ gap explorations. Given legislated plastic reduction initiatives yielded greatest individual behavioural change (bringing/reusing grocery bags) regardless of respondents’ waste-production concern, continued promotion of consumer preference-based, non-punitive incentives promoted in research literature may come at high ecological cost.