Статті в журналах: "Plasmonic applications"

1

Hu, Bin, Ying Zhang, and Qi Jie Wang. "Surface magneto plasmons and their applications in the infrared frequencies." Nanophotonics 4, no. 4 (November 6, 2015): 383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2014-0026.

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Abstract Due to their promising properties, surface magneto plasmons have attracted great interests in the field of plasmonics recently. Apart from flexible modulation of the plasmonic properties by an external magnetic field, surface magneto plasmons also promise nonreciprocal effect and multi-bands of propagation, which can be applied into the design of integrated plasmonic devices for biosensing and telecommunication applications. In the visible frequencies, because it demands extremely strong magnetic fields for the manipulation of metallic plasmonic materials, nano-devices consisting of metals and magnetic materials based on surface magneto plasmon are difficult to be realized due to the challenges in device fabrication and high losses. In the infrared frequencies, highly-doped semiconductors can replace metals, owning to the lower incident wave frequencies and lower plasma frequencies. The required magnetic field is also low, which makes the tunable devices based on surface magneto plasmons more practically to be realized. Furthermore, a promising 2D material-graphene shows great potential in infrared magnetic plasmonics. In this paper, we review the magneto plasmonics in the infrared frequencies with a focus on device designs and applications. We investigate surface magneto plasmons propagating in different structures, including plane surface structures and slot waveguides. Based on the fundamental investigation and theoretical studies, we illustrate various magneto plasmonic micro/nano devices in the infrared, such as tunable waveguides, filters, and beam-splitters. Novel plasmonic devices such as one-way waveguides and broad-band waveguides are also introduced.

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2

Babicheva, Viktoriia E. "Optical Processes behind Plasmonic Applications." Nanomaterials 13, no. 7 (April 3, 2023): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13071270.

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Plasmonics is a revolutionary concept in nanophotonics that combines the properties of both photonics and electronics by confining light energy to a nanometer-scale oscillating field of free electrons, known as a surface plasmon. Generation, processing, routing, and amplification of optical signals at the nanoscale hold promise for optical communications, biophotonics, sensing, chemistry, and medical applications. Surface plasmons manifest themselves as confined oscillations, allowing for optical nanoantennas, ultra-compact optical detectors, state-of-the-art sensors, data storage, and energy harvesting designs. Surface plasmons facilitate both resonant characteristics of nanostructures and guiding and controlling light at the nanoscale. Plasmonics and metamaterials enable the advancement of many photonic designs with unparalleled capabilities, including subwavelength waveguides, optical nanoresonators, super- and hyper-lenses, and light concentrators. Alternative plasmonic materials have been developed to be incorporated in the nanostructures for low losses and controlled optical characteristics along with semiconductor-process compatibility. This review describes optical processes behind a range of plasmonic applications. It pays special attention to the topics of field enhancement and collective effects in nanostructures. The advances in these research topics are expected to transform the domain of nanoscale photonics, optical metamaterials, and their various applications.

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3

Sebek, Matej, Ahmed Elbana, Arash Nemati, Jisheng Pan, Ze Xiang Shen, Minghui Hong, Xiaodi Su, Nguyen Thi Kim Thanh, and Jinghua Teng. "Hybrid Plasmonics and Two-Dimensional Materials: Theory and Applications." Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials 08, no. 01n02 (March 2020): 2030001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251237320300016.

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The inherent thinness of two-dimensional 2D materials limits their efficiency of light-matter interactions and the high loss of noble metal plasmonic nanostructures limits their applicability. Thus, a combination of 2D materials and plasmonics is highly attractive. This review describes the progress in the field of 2D plasmonics, which encompasses 2D plasmonic materials and hybrid plasmonic-2D materials structures. Novel plasmonic 2D materials, plasmon-exciton interaction within 2D materials and applications comprising sensors, photodetectors and, metasurfaces are discussed.

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4

Ogawa, Shinpei, Shoichiro Fukushima, and Masaaki Shimatani. "Graphene Plasmonics in Sensor Applications: A Review." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 23, 2020): 3563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123563.

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Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) can be generated in graphene at frequencies in the mid-infrared to terahertz range, which is not possible using conventional plasmonic materials such as noble metals. Moreover, the lifetime and confinement volume of such SPPs are much longer and smaller, respectively, than those in metals. For these reasons, graphene plasmonics has potential applications in novel plasmonic sensors and various concepts have been proposed. This review paper examines the potential of such graphene plasmonics with regard to the development of novel high-performance sensors. The theoretical background is summarized and the intrinsic nature of graphene plasmons, interactions between graphene and SPPs induced by metallic nanostructures and the electrical control of SPPs by adjusting the Fermi level of graphene are discussed. Subsequently, the development of optical sensors, biological sensors and important components such as absorbers/emitters and reconfigurable optical mirrors for use in new sensor systems are reviewed. Finally, future challenges related to the fabrication of graphene-based devices as well as various advanced optical devices incorporating other two-dimensional materials are examined. This review is intended to assist researchers in both industry and academia in the design and development of novel sensors based on graphene plasmonics.

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5

Liu, Jianxun, Huilin He, Dong Xiao, Shengtao Yin, Wei Ji, Shouzhen Jiang, Dan Luo, Bing Wang, and Yanjun Liu. "Recent Advances of Plasmonic Nanoparticles and their Applications." Materials 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2018): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101833.

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In the past half-century, surface plasmon resonance in noble metallic nanoparticles has been an important research subject. Recent advances in the synthesis, assembly, characterization, and theories of traditional and non-traditional metal nanostructures open a new pathway to the kaleidoscopic applications of plasmonics. However, accurate and precise models of plasmon resonance are still challenging, as its characteristics can be affected by multiple factors. We herein summarize the recent advances of plasmonic nanoparticles and their applications, particularly regarding the fundamentals and applications of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in Au nanoparticles, plasmon-enhanced upconversion luminescence, and plasmonic chiral metasurfaces.

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6

Bhattarai, Jay K., Md Helal Uddin Maruf, and Keith J. Stine. "Plasmonic-Active Nanostructured Thin Films." Processes 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010115.

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Plasmonic-active nanomaterials are of high interest to scientists because of their expanding applications in the field for medicine and energy. Chemical and biological sensors based on plasmonic nanomaterials are well-established and commercially available, but the role of plasmonic nanomaterials on photothermal therapeutics, solar cells, super-resolution imaging, organic synthesis, etc. is still emerging. The effectiveness of the plasmonic materials on these technologies depends on their stability and sensitivity. Preparing plasmonics-active nanostructured thin films (PANTFs) on a solid substrate improves their physical stability. More importantly, the surface plasmons of thin film and that of nanostructures can couple in PANTFs enhancing the sensitivity. A PANTF can be used as a transducer for any of the three plasmonic-based sensing techniques, namely, the propagating surface plasmon, localized surface plasmon resonance, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based sensing techniques. Additionally, continuous nanostructured metal films have an advantage for implementing electrical controls such as simultaneous sensing using both plasmonic and electrochemical techniques. Although research and development on PANTFs have been rapidly advancing, very few reviews on synthetic methods have been published. In this review, we provide some fundamental and practical aspects of plasmonics along with the recent advances in PANTFs synthesis, focusing on the advantages and shortcomings of the fabrication techniques. We also provide an overview of different types of PANTFs and their sensitivity for biosensing.

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7

Zhang, Xiaoyu, Chanda Ranjit Yonzon, and Richard P. Van Duyne. "Nanosphere lithography fabricated plasmonic materials and their applications." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 1083–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0136.

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Nanosphere lithography fabricated nanostructures have highly tunable localized surface plasmons, which have been used for important sensing and spectroscopy applications. In this work, the authors focus on biological applications and technologies that utilize two types of related plasmonic phenomena: localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Two applications of these plasmonic materials are presented: (i) the development of an ultrasensitive nanoscale optical biosensor based on LSPR wavelength-shift spectroscopy and (ii) the SERS detection of an anthrax biomarker.

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8

Marinica, Dana Codruta, Mario Zapata, Peter Nordlander, Andrey K. Kazansky, Pedro M. Echenique, Javier Aizpurua, and Andrei G. Borisov. "Active quantum plasmonics." Science Advances 1, no. 11 (December 2015): e1501095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501095.

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The ability of localized surface plasmons to squeeze light and engineer nanoscale electromagnetic fields through electron-photon coupling at dimensions below the wavelength has turned plasmonics into a driving tool in a variety of technological applications, targeting novel and more efficient optoelectronic processes. In this context, the development of active control of plasmon excitations is a major fundamental and practical challenge. We propose a mechanism for fast and active control of the optical response of metallic nanostructures based on exploiting quantum effects in subnanometric plasmonic gaps. By applying an external dc bias across a narrow gap, a substantial change in the tunneling conductance across the junction can be induced at optical frequencies, which modifies the plasmonic resonances of the system in a reversible manner. We demonstrate the feasibility of the concept using time-dependent density functional theory calculations. Thus, along with two-dimensional structures, metal nanoparticle plasmonics can benefit from the reversibility, fast response time, and versatility of an active control strategy based on applied bias. The proposed electrical manipulation of light using quantum plasmonics establishes a new platform for many practical applications in optoelectronics.

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9

Odom, Teri W. "Materials Screening and Applications of Plasmonic Crystals." MRS Bulletin 35, no. 1 (January 2010): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2010.618.

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AbstractSurface plasmon polaritons are responsible for various optical phenomena, including negative refraction, enhanced optical transmission, and nanoscale focusing. Although many materials support plasmons, the choice of metal for most applications has been based on traditional plasmonic materials, such as Ag and Au, because there have been no side-by-side comparisons of different materials on well-defined, nanostructured surfaces. This article will describe how a multiscale patterning approach based on soft interference lithography can be used to create plasmonic crystals with different unit cell shapes—circular holes or square pyramids—which can be used as a platform to screen for new materials. The dispersion diagrams of plasmonic crystals made from unconventional metals will be presented, and the implications of discovering new optical coupling mechanisms and protein-sensing substrates based on Pd will be described. Finally, the opportunities enabled by this plasmonic library to dial into specific resonances for any angle or material will be discussed.

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10

Mauriz, Elba. "Clinical Applications of Visual Plasmonic Colorimetric Sensing." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 6214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216214.

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Colorimetric analysis has become of great importance in recent years to improve the operationalization of plasmonic-based biosensors. The unique properties of nanomaterials have enabled the development of a variety of plasmonics applications on the basis of the colorimetric sensing provided by metal nanoparticles. In particular, the extinction of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the visible range has permitted the exploitation of LSPR colorimetric-based biosensors as powerful tools for clinical diagnostics and drug monitoring. This review summarizes recent progress in the biochemical monitoring of clinical biomarkers by ultrasensitive plasmonic colorimetric strategies according to the distance- or the morphology/size-dependent sensing modes. The potential of colorimetric nanosensors as point of care devices from the perspective of naked-eye detection is comprehensively discussed for a broad range of analytes including pharmaceuticals, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, bacteria, and viruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The practical suitability of plasmonic-based colorimetric assays for the rapid visual readout in biological samples, considering current challenges and future perspectives, is also reviewed.

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11

Jiang, Jing, Xinhao Wang, Shuang Li, Fei Ding, Nantao Li, Shaoyu Meng, Ruifan Li, Jia Qi, Qingjun Liu, and Gang Logan Liu. "Plasmonic nano-arrays for ultrasensitive bio-sensing." Nanophotonics 7, no. 9 (August 28, 2018): 1517–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0023.

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AbstractSurface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized SPR (LSPR) effects have been shown as the principles of some highlysensitive sensors in recent decades. Due to the advances in nano-fabrication technology, the plasmon nano-array sensors based on SPR and LSPR phenomena have been widely used in chemical and bioloical analysis. Sensing with surface-enhanced field and sensing for refractive index changes are able to identify the analytes quantitatively and qualitatively. With the newly developed ultrasensitive plasmonic biosensors, platforms with excellent performance have been built for various biomedical applications, including point-of-care diagnosis and personalized medicine. In addition, flexible integration of plasmonics nano-arrays and combining them with electrochemical sensing have significantly enlarged the application scenarios of the plasmonic nano-array sensors, as well as improved the sensing accuracy.

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12

Genç, Aziz, Javier Patarroyo, Jordi Sancho-Parramon, Neus G. Bastús, Victor Puntes, and Jordi Arbiol. "Hollow metal nanostructures for enhanced plasmonics: synthesis, local plasmonic properties and applications." Nanophotonics 6, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0124.

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AbstractMetallic nanostructures have received great attention due to their ability to generate surface plasmon resonances, which are collective oscillations of conduction electrons of a material excited by an electromagnetic wave. Plasmonic metal nanostructures are able to localize and manipulate the light at the nanoscale and, therefore, are attractive building blocks for various emerging applications. In particular, hollow nanostructures are promising plasmonic materials as cavities are known to have better plasmonic properties than their solid counterparts thanks to the plasmon hybridization mechanism. The hybridization of the plasmons results in the enhancement of the plasmon fields along with more homogeneous distribution as well as the reduction of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) quenching due to absorption. In this review, we summarize the efforts on the synthesis of hollow metal nanostructures with an emphasis on the galvanic replacement reaction. In the second part of this review, we discuss the advancements on the characterization of plasmonic properties of hollow nanostructures, covering the single nanoparticle experiments, nanoscale characterization via electron energy-loss spectroscopy and modeling and simulation studies. Examples of the applications, i.e. sensing, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, photothermal ablation therapy of cancer, drug delivery or catalysis among others, where hollow nanostructures perform better than their solid counterparts, are also evaluated.

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13

Indhu, A. R., L. Keerthana, and Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam. "Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 14 (March 27, 2023): 380–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.14.33.

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The application of plasmonic nanoparticles is motivated by the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance. Owing to the tunability of optothermal properties and enhanced stability, these nanostructures show a wide range of applications in optical sensors, steam generation, water desalination, thermal energy storage, and biomedical applications such as photothermal (PT) therapy. The PT effect, that is, the conversion of absorbed light to heat by these particles, has led to thriving research regarding the utilization of plasmonic nanoparticles for a myriad of applications. The design of conventional nanomaterials for PT conversion has focussed predominantly on the manipulation of photon absorption through bandgap engineering, doping, incorporation, and modification of suitable matrix materials. Plasmonic nanomaterials offer an alternative and attractive approach in this regard, through the flexibility in the excitation of surface plasmons. Specific advantages are the considerable improved bandwidth of the absorption, a higher efficiency of photon absorption, facile tuning, as well as flexibility in the synthesis of plasmonic nanomaterials. This review of plasmonic PT (PPT) research begins with a theoretical discussion on the plasmonic properties of nanoparticles by means of the quasi-static approximation, Mie theory, Gans theory, generic simulations on common plasmonic material morphologies, and the evaluation processes of PT performance. Further, a variety of nanomaterials and material classes that have potential for PPT conversion are elucidated, such as plasmonic metals, bimetals, and metal–metal oxide nanocomposites. A detailed investigation of the essential, but often ignored, concept of thermal, chemical, and aggregation stability of nanoparticles is another part of this review. The challenges that remain, as well as prospective directions and chemistries, regarding nanomaterials for PT conversion are pondered on in the final section of the article, taking into account the specific requirements from different applications.

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14

Li, Shaobo, Shuming Yang, Fei Wang, Qiang Liu, Biyao Cheng, and Yossi Rosenwaks. "Plasmonic interference modulation for broadband nanofocusing." Nanophotonics 10, no. 16 (October 26, 2021): 4113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0405.

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Abstract Metallic plasmonic probes have been successfully applied in near-field imaging, nanolithography, and Raman enhanced spectroscopy because of their ability to squeeze light into nanoscale and provide significant electric field enhancement. Most of these probes rely on nanometric alignment of incident beam and resonant structures with limited spectral bandwidth. This paper proposes and experimentally demonstrates an asymmetric fiber tip for broadband interference nanofocusing within its full optical wavelengths (500–800 nm) at the nanotip with 10 nm apex. The asymmetric geometry consisting of two semicircular slits rotates plasmonic polarization and converts the linearly polarized plasmonic mode to the radially polarized plasmonic mode when the linearly polarized beam couples to the optical fiber. The three-dimensional plasmonic modulation induces circumference interference and nanofocus of surface plasmons, which is significantly different from the nanofocusing through plasmon propagation and plasmon evolution. The plasmonic interference modulation provides fundamental insights into the plasmon engineering and has important applications in plasmon nanophotonic technologies.

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15

You, Chenglong, Apurv Chaitanya Nellikka, Israel De Leon, and Omar S. Magaña-Loaiza. "Multiparticle quantum plasmonics." Nanophotonics 9, no. 6 (April 17, 2020): 1243–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0517.

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AbstractA single photon can be coupled to collective charge oscillations at the interfaces between metals and dielectrics forming a single surface plasmon. The electromagnetic near-fields induced by single surface plasmons offer new degrees of freedom to perform an exquisite control of complex quantum dynamics. Remarkably, the control of quantum systems represents one of the most significant challenges in the field of quantum photonics. Recently, there has been an enormous interest in using plasmonic systems to control multiphoton dynamics in complex photonic circuits. In this review, we discuss recent advances that unveil novel routes to control multiparticle quantum systems composed of multiple photons and plasmons. We describe important properties that characterize optical multiparticle systems such as their statistical quantum fluctuations and correlations. In this regard, we discuss the role that photon-plasmon interactions play in the manipulation of these fundamental properties for multiparticle systems. We also review recent works that show novel platforms to manipulate many-body light-matter interactions. In this spirit, the foundations that will allow nonexperts to understand new perspectives in multiparticle quantum plasmonics are described. First, we discuss the quantum statistical fluctuations of the electromagnetic field as well as the fundamentals of plasmonics and its quantum properties. This discussion is followed by a brief treatment of the dynamics that characterize complex multiparticle interactions. We apply these ideas to describe quantum interactions in photonic-plasmonic multiparticle quantum systems. We summarize the state-of-the-art in quantum devices that rely on plasmonic interactions. The review is concluded with our perspective on the future applications and challenges in this burgeoning field.

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16

Urban, Maximilian J., Chenqi Shen, Xiang-Tian Kong, Chenggan Zhu, Alexander O. Govorov, Qiangbin Wang, Mario Hentschel, and Na Liu. "Chiral Plasmonic Nanostructures Enabled by Bottom-Up Approaches." Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 70, no. 1 (June 14, 2019): 275–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physchem-050317-021332.

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We present a comprehensive review of recent developments in the field of chiral plasmonics. Significant advances have been made recently in understanding the working principles of chiral plasmonic structures. With advances in micro- and nanofabrication techniques, a variety of chiral plasmonic nanostructures have been experimentally realized; these tailored chiroptical properties vastly outperform those of their molecular counterparts. We focus on chiral plasmonic nanostructures created using bottom-up approaches, which not only allow for rational design and fabrication but most intriguingly in many cases also enable dynamic manipulation and tuning of chiroptical responses. We first discuss plasmon-induced chirality, resulting from the interaction of chiral molecules with plasmonic excitations. Subsequently, we discuss intrinsically chiral colloids, which give rise to optical chirality owing to their chiral shapes. Finally, we discuss plasmonic chirality, achieved by arranging achiral plasmonic particles into handed configurations on static or active templates. Chiral plasmonic nanostructures are very promising candidates for real-life applications owing to their significantly larger optical chirality than natural molecules. In addition, chiral plasmonic nanostructures offer engineerable and dynamic chiroptical responses, which are formidable to achieve in molecular systems. We thus anticipate that the field of chiral plasmonics will attract further widespread attention in applications ranging from enantioselective analysis to chiral sensing, structural determination, and in situ ultrasensitive detection of multiple disease biomarkers, as well as optical monitoring of transmembrane transport and intracellular metabolism.

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17

Khan, Pritam, Grace Brennan, James Lillis, Syed A. M. Tofail, Ning Liu, and Christophe Silien. "Characterisation and Manipulation of Polarisation Response in Plasmonic and Magneto-Plasmonic Nanostructures and Metamaterials." Symmetry 12, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12081365.

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Optical properties of metal nanostructures, governed by the so-called localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects, have invoked intensive investigations in recent times owing to their fundamental nature and potential applications. LSPR scattering from metal nanostructures is expected to show the symmetry of the oscillation mode and the particle shape. Therefore, information on the polarisation properties of the LSPR scattering is crucial for identifying different oscillation modes within one particle and to distinguish differently shaped particles within one sample. On the contrary, the polarisation state of light itself can be arbitrarily manipulated by the inverse designed sample, known as metamaterials. Apart from polarisation state, external stimulus, e.g., magnetic field also controls the LSPR scattering from plasmonic nanostructures, giving rise to a new field of magneto-plasmonics. In this review, we pay special attention to polarisation and its effect in three contrasting aspects. First, tailoring between LSPR scattering and symmetry of plasmonic nanostructures, secondly, manipulating polarisation state through metamaterials and lastly, polarisation modulation in magneto-plasmonics. Finally, we will review recent progress in applications of plasmonic and magneto-plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials in various fields.

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18

Brooks, James L., Christopher L. Warkentin, Dayeeta Saha, Emily L. Keller, and Renee R. Frontiera. "Toward a mechanistic understanding of plasmon-mediated photocatalysis." Nanophotonics 7, no. 11 (August 29, 2018): 1697–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0073.

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AbstractOne of the most exciting new developments in the plasmonic nanomaterials field is the discovery of their ability to mediate a number of photocatalytic reactions. Since the initial prediction of driving chemical reactions with plasmons in the 1980s, the field has rapidly expanded in recent years, demonstrating the ability of plasmons to drive chemical reactions, such as water splitting, ammonia generation, and CO2 reduction, among many other examples. Unfortunately, the efficiencies of these processes are currently suboptimal for practical widespread applications. The limitations in recorded outputs can be linked to the current lack of a knowledge pertaining to mechanisms of the partitioning of plasmonic energy after photoexcitation. Providing a descriptive and quantitative mechanism of the processes involved in driving plasmon-induced photochemical reactions, starting at the initial plasmon excitation, followed by hot carrier generation, energy transfer, and thermal effects, is critical for the advancement of the field as a whole. Here, we provide a mechanistic perspective on plasmonic photocatalysis by reviewing select experimental approaches. We focus on spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques that provide molecular-scale information on the processes that occur in the coupled molecular-plasmonic system after photoexcitation. To conclude, we evaluate several promising techniques for future applications in elucidating the mechanism of plasmon-mediated photocatalysis.

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Lamri, Gwénaëlle, Alessandro Veltri, Jean Aubard, Pierre-Michel Adam, Nordin Felidj, and Anne-Laure Baudrion. "Polarization-dependent strong coupling between silver nanorods and photochromic molecules." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (October 8, 2018): 2657–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.247.

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Active plasmonics is a key focus for the development of advanced plasmonic applications. By selectively exciting the localized surface plasmon resonance sustained by the short or the long axis of silver nanorods, we demonstrate a polarization-dependent strong coupling between the plasmonic resonance and the excited state of photochromic molecules. By varying the width and the length of the nanorods independently, a clear Rabi splitting appears in the dispersion curves of both resonators.

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20

Tao, Z. H., H. M. Dong, and Y. F. Duan. "Anomalous plasmon modes of single-layer MoS2." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 18 (June 26, 2019): 1950200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919502002.

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The electronic plasmons of single layer MoS2 induced by different spin subbands owing to spin-orbit couplings (SOCs) are theoretically investigated. The study shows that two new and anomalous plasmonic modes can be achieved via inter-spin subband transitions around the Fermi level due to the SOCs. The plasmon modes are optic-like, which are very different from the plasmons reported recently in single-layer (SL) MoS2, and the other two-dimensional systems. The frequency of such plasmons ascends with the increasing of electron density or spin polarizability, and decreases with the increasing of wave vector. The promising plasmonic properties of SL MoS2 make it interesting for future applications in plasmonic and terahertz devices.

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Demishkevich, Elizaveta, Andrey Zyubin, Alexey Seteikin, Ilia Samusev, Inkyu Park, Chang Kwon Hwangbo, Eun Ha Choi, and Geon Joon Lee. "Synthesis Methods and Optical Sensing Applications of Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles Made from Rhodium, Platinum, Gold, or Silver." Materials 16, no. 9 (April 24, 2023): 3342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16093342.

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The purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth review of plasmonic metal nanoparticles made from rhodium, platinum, gold, or silver. We describe fundamental concepts, synthesis methods, and optical sensing applications of these nanoparticles. Plasmonic metal nanoparticles have received a lot of interest due to various applications, such as optical sensors, single-molecule detection, single-cell detection, pathogen detection, environmental contaminant monitoring, cancer diagnostics, biomedicine, and food and health safety monitoring. They provide a promising platform for highly sensitive detection of various analytes. Due to strongly localized optical fields in the hot-spot region near metal nanoparticles, they have the potential for plasmon-enhanced optical sensing applications, including metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and biomedical imaging. We explain the plasmonic enhancement through electromagnetic theory and confirm it with finite-difference time-domain numerical simulations. Moreover, we examine how the localized surface plasmon resonance effects of gold and silver nanoparticles have been utilized for the detection and biosensing of various analytes. Specifically, we discuss the syntheses and applications of rhodium and platinum nanoparticles for the UV plasmonics such as UV-MEF and UV-SERS. Finally, we provide an overview of chemical, physical, and green methods for synthesizing these nanoparticles. We hope that this paper will promote further interest in the optical sensing applications of plasmonic metal nanoparticles in the UV and visible ranges.

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22

Li, Yuyu, Khwanchai Tantiwanichapan, Anna K. Swan, and Roberto Paiella. "Graphene plasmonic devices for terahertz optoelectronics." Nanophotonics 9, no. 7 (May 14, 2020): 1901–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0211.

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AbstractPlasmonic excitations, consisting of collective oscillations of the electron gas in a conductive film or nanostructure coupled to electromagnetic fields, play a prominent role in photonics and optoelectronics. While traditional plasmonic systems are based on noble metals, recent work has established graphene as a uniquely suited materials platform for plasmonic science and applications due to several distinctive properties. Graphene plasmonic oscillations exhibit particularly strong sub-wavelength confinement, can be tuned dynamically through the application of a gate voltage, and span a portion of the infrared spectrum (including mid-infrared and terahertz (THz) wavelengths) that is not directly accessible with noble metals. These properties have been studied in extensive theoretical and experimental work over the past decade, and more recently various device applications are also beginning to be explored. This review article is focused on graphene plasmonic nanostructures designed to address a key outstanding challenge of modern-day optoelectronics – the limited availability of practical, high-performance THz devices. Graphene plasmons can be used as a means to enhance light–matter interactions at THz wavelengths in a highly tunable fashion, particularly through the integration of graphene resonant structures with additional nanophotonic elements. This capability is ideally suited to the development of THz optical modulators (where absorption is switched on and off by tuning the plasmonic resonance) and photodetectors (relying on plasmon-enhanced intraband absorption or rectification of charge-density waves), and promising devices based on these principles have already been reported. Novel radiation mechanisms, including light emission from electrically excited graphene plasmons, are also being explored for the development of compact narrowband THz sources.

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Barbillon, Grégory, Andrey Ivanov, and Andrey K. Sarychev. "Applications of Symmetry Breaking in Plasmonics." Symmetry 12, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12060896.

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Plasmonics is one of the most used domains for applications to optical devices, biological and chemical sensing, and non-linear optics, for instance. Indeed, plasmonics enables confining the electromagnetic field at the nanoscale. The resonances of plasmonic systems can be set in a given domain of a spectrum by adjusting the geometry, the spatial arrangement, and the nature of the materials. Moreover, symmetry breaking can be used for the further improvement of the optical properties of the plasmonic systems. In the last three years, great advances in or insights into the use of symmetry breaking in plasmonics have occurred. In this mini-review, we present recent insights and advances on the use of symmetry breaking in plasmonics for applications to chemistry, sensing, devices, non-linear optics, and chirality.

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Kessentini, Sameh, Dominique Barchiesi, Thomas Grosges, Laurence Giraud-Moreau, and Marc Lamy de la Chapelle. "Adaptive Non-Uniform Particle Swarm Application to Plasmonic Design." International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing 2, no. 1 (January 2011): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jamc.2011010102.

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The metaheuristic approach has become an important tool for the optimization of design in engineering. In that way, its application to the development of the plasmonic based biosensor is apparent. Plasmonics represents a rapidly expanding interdisciplinary field with numerous transducers for physical, biological and medicine applications. Specific problems are related to this domain. The plasmonic structures design depends on a large number of parameters. Second, the way of their fabrication is complex and industrial aspects are in their infancy. In this study, the authors propose a non-uniform adapted Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for rapid resolution of plasmonic problem. The method is tested and compared to the standard PSO, the meta-PSO (Veenhuis, 2006) and the ANUHEM (Barchiesi, 2009).These approaches are applied to the specific problem of the optimization of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Biosensors design. Results show great efficiency of the introduced method.

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Qi, Miao, Nancy Meng Ying Zhang, Kaiwei Li, Swee Chuan Tjin, and Lei Wei. "Hybrid Plasmonic Fiber-Optic Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 11 (June 8, 2020): 3266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113266.

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With the increasing demand of achieving comprehensive perception in every aspect of life, optical fibers have shown great potential in various applications due to their highly-sensitive, highly-integrated, flexible and real-time sensing capabilities. Among various sensing mechanisms, plasmonics based fiber-optic sensors provide remarkable sensitivity benefiting from their outstanding plasmon–matter interaction. Therefore, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized SPR (LSPR)-based hybrid fiber-optic sensors have captured intensive research attention. Conventionally, SPR- or LSPR-based hybrid fiber-optic sensors rely on the resonant electron oscillations of thin metallic films or metallic nanoparticles functionalized on fiber surfaces. Coupled with the new advances in functional nanomaterials as well as fiber structure design and fabrication in recent years, new solutions continue to emerge to further improve the fiber-optic plasmonic sensors’ performances in terms of sensitivity, specificity and biocompatibility. For instance, 2D materials like graphene can enhance the surface plasmon intensity at the metallic film surface due to the plasmon–matter interaction. Two-dimensional (2D) morphology of transition metal oxides can be doped with abundant free electrons to facilitate intrinsic plasmonics in visible or near-infrared frequencies, realizing exceptional field confinement and high sensitivity detection of analyte molecules. Gold nanoparticles capped with macrocyclic supramolecules show excellent selectivity to target biomolecules and ultralow limits of detection. Moreover, specially designed microstructured optical fibers are able to achieve high birefringence that can suppress the output inaccuracy induced by polarization crosstalk and meanwhile deliver promising sensitivity. This review aims to reveal and explore the frontiers of such hybrid plasmonic fiber-optic platforms in various sensing applications.

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Tohari, Mariam M., Andreas Lyras, and Mohamad S. AlSalhi. "A Novel Metal Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanodisks-Quantum Dots Hybrid-System-Based Spaser." Nanomaterials 10, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030416.

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Active nanoplasmonics have recently led to the emergence of many promising applications. One of them is the spaser (surface plasmons amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) that has been shown to generate coherent and intense fields of selected surface plasmon modes that are strongly localized in the nanoscale. We propose a novel nanospaser composed of a metal nanoparticles-graphene nanodisks hybrid plasmonic system as its resonator and a quantum dots cascade stack as its gain medium. We derive the plasmonic fields induced by pulsed excitation through the use of the effective medium theory. Based on the density matrix approach and by solving the Lindblad quantum master equation, we analyze the ultrafast dynamics of the spaser associated with coherent amplified plasmonic fields. The intensity of the plasmonic field is significantly affected by the width of the metallic contact and the time duration of the laser pulse used to launch the surface plasmons. The proposed nanospaser shows an extremely low spasing threshold and operates in the mid-infrared region that has received much attention due to its wide biomedical, chemical and telecommunication applications.

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Cheng, Chang-Wei, Soniya S. Raja, Ching-Wen Chang, Xin-Quan Zhang, Po-Yen Liu, Yi-Hsien Lee, Chih-Kang Shih, and Shangjr Gwo. "Epitaxial aluminum plasmonics covering full visible spectrum." Nanophotonics 10, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 627–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0402.

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AbstractAluminum has attracted a great deal of attention as an alternative plasmonic material to silver and gold because of its natural abundance on Earth, material stability, unique spectral capability in the ultraviolet spectral region, and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatibility. Surprisingly, in some recent studies, aluminum has been reported to outperform silver in the visible range due to its superior surface and interface properties. Here, we demonstrate excellent structural and optical properties measured for aluminum epitaxial films grown on sapphire substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy under ultrahigh vacuum growth conditions. Using the epitaxial growth technique, distinct advantages can be achieved for plasmonic applications, including high-fidelity nanofabrication and wafer-scale system integration. Moreover, the aluminum film thickness is controllable down to a few atomic monolayers, allowing for plasmonic ultrathin layer devices. Two kinds of aluminum plasmonic applications are reported here, including precisely engineered plasmonic substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and high-quality-factor plasmonic surface lattices based on standing localized surface plasmons and propagating surface plasmon polaritons, respectively, in the entire visible spectrum (400–700 nm).

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Davis, Timothy J., Daniel E. Gómez, and Ann Roberts. "Plasmonic circuits for manipulating optical information." Nanophotonics 6, no. 3 (October 26, 2016): 543–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0131.

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AbstractSurface plasmons excited by light in metal structures provide a means for manipulating optical energy at the nanoscale. Plasmons are associated with the collective oscillations of conduction electrons in metals and play a role intermediate between photonics and electronics. As such, plasmonic devices have been created that mimic photonic waveguides as well as electrical circuits operating at optical frequencies. We review the plasmon technologies and circuits proposed, modeled, and demonstrated over the past decade that have potential applications in optical computing and optical information processing.

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Manuel, Ajay, and Karthik Shankar. "Hot Electrons in TiO2–Noble Metal Nano-Heterojunctions: Fundamental Science and Applications in Photocatalysis." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051249.

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Plasmonic photocatalysis enables innovation by harnessing photonic energy across a broad swathe of the solar spectrum to drive chemical reactions. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest developments and issues for advanced research in plasmonic hot electron driven photocatalytic technologies focusing on TiO2–noble metal nanoparticle heterojunctions. In-depth discussions on fundamental hot electron phenomena in plasmonic photocatalysis is the focal point of this review. We summarize hot electron dynamics, elaborate on techniques to probe and measure said phenomena, and provide perspective on potential applications—photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, CO2 photoreduction, and photoelectrochemical water splitting—that benefit from this technology. A contentious and hitherto unexplained phenomenon is the wavelength dependence of plasmonic photocatalysis. Many published reports on noble metal-metal oxide nanostructures show action spectra where quantum yields closely follow the absorption corresponding to higher energy interband transitions, while an equal number also show quantum efficiencies that follow the optical response corresponding to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). We have provided a working hypothesis for the first time to reconcile these contradictory results and explain why photocatalytic action in certain plasmonic systems is mediated by interband transitions and in others by hot electrons produced by the decay of particle plasmons.

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Kuzmin, Dmitry A., Igor V. Bychkov, Vladimir G. Shavrov, and Vasily V. Temnov. "Plasmonics of magnetic and topological graphene-based nanostructures." Nanophotonics 7, no. 3 (February 23, 2018): 597–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0095.

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AbstractGraphene is a unique material in the study of the fundamental limits of plasmonics. Apart from the ultimate single-layer thickness, its carrier concentration can be tuned by chemical doping or applying an electric field. In this manner, the electrodynamic properties of graphene can be varied from highly conductive to dielectric. Graphene supports strongly confined, propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a broad spectral range from terahertz to mid-infrared frequencies. It also possesses a strong magneto-optical response and thus provides complimentary architectures to conventional magneto-plasmonics based on magneto-optically active metals or dielectrics. Despite a large number of review articles devoted to plasmonic properties and applications of graphene, little is known about graphene magneto-plasmonics and topological effects in graphene-based nanostructures, which represent the main subject of this review. We discuss several strategies to enhance plasmonic effects in topologically distinct closed surface landscapes, i.e. graphene nanotubes, cylindrical nanocavities and toroidal nanostructures. A novel phenomenon of the strongly asymmetric SPP propagation on chiral meta-structures and the fundamental relations between structural and plasmonic topological indices are reviewed.

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Song, Hyerin, Heesang Ahn, Taeyeon Kim, Jong-ryul Choi, and Kyujung Kim. "Localized Surface Plasmon Fields Manipulation on Nanostructures Using Wavelength Shifting." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 30, 2021): 9133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199133.

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Metallic nanowires have been utilized as a platform for propagating surface plasmon (SPs) fields. To be exploited for applications such as plasmonic circuits, manipulation of localized field propagating pattern is also important. In this study, we calculated the field distributions of localized surface plasmons (LSPs) on the specifically shaped nanostructures and explored the feasibility of manipulating LSP fields. Specifically, plasmonic fields were calculated at different wavelengths for a nanoscale rod array (I-shaped), an array connected with two nanoscale rods at right angles (T-shaped), and an array with three nanoscale rods at 120° to each other (Y-shaped). Three different types of nanostructures are suggested to manipulate the positions of LSP fields collaborating with adjustment of wavelength, polarization, and incident orientation of light source. The results of this study are important not only for the understanding of the wavelength-dependent surface plasmon field localization mechanism but also for the applicability of swept source-based plasmonic techniques or designing a plasmonic circuit.

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Spektor, Grisha, Eva Prinz, Michael Hartelt, Anna-Katharina Mahro, Martin Aeschlimann, and Meir Orenstein. "Orbital angular momentum multiplication in plasmonic vortex cavities." Science Advances 7, no. 33 (August 2021): eabg5571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg5571.

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Orbital angular momentum of light is a core feature in photonics. Its confinement to surfaces using plasmonics has unlocked many phenomena and potential applications. Here, we introduce the reflection from structural boundaries as a new degree of freedom to generate and control plasmonic orbital angular momentum. We experimentally demonstrate plasmonic vortex cavities, generating a succession of vortex pulses with increasing topological charge as a function of time. We track the spatiotemporal dynamics of these angularly decelerating plasmon pulse train within the cavities for over 300 femtoseconds using time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy, showing that the angular momentum grows by multiples of the chiral order of the cavity. The introduction of this degree of freedom to tame orbital angular momentum delivered by plasmonic vortices could miniaturize pump probe–like quantum initialization schemes, increase the torque exerted by plasmonic tweezers, and potentially achieve vortex lattice cavities with dynamically evolving topology.

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Chen, Kai, Eunice Sok Ping Leong, Michael Rukavina, Tadaaki Nagao, Yan Jun Liu, and Yuebing Zheng. "Active molecular plasmonics: tuning surface plasmon resonances by exploiting molecular dimensions." Nanophotonics 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2015): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2015-0007.

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Abstract:Molecular plasmonics explores and exploits the molecule–plasmon interactions on metal nanostructures to harness light at the nanoscale for nanophotonic spectroscopy and devices. With the functional molecules and polymers that change their structural, electrical, and/or optical properties in response to external stimuli such as electric fields and light, one can dynamically tune the plasmonic properties for enhanced or new applications, leading to a new research area known as active molecular plasmonics (AMP). Recent progress in molecular design, tailored synthesis, and self-assembly has enabled a variety of scenarios of plasmonic tuning for a broad range of AMP applications. Dimension (i.e., zero-, two-, and threedimensional) of the molecules on metal nanostructures has proved to be an effective indicator for defining the specific scenarios. In this review article, we focus on structuring the field of AMP based on the dimension of molecules and discussing the state of the art of AMP. Our perspective on the upcoming challenges and opportunities in the emerging field of AMP is also included.

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He, Zhicong, Fang Li, Yahui Liu, Fuqiang Yao, Litu Xu, Xiaobo Han, and Kai Wang. "Principle and Applications of the Coupling of Surface Plasmons and Excitons." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051774.

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Surface plasmons have been attracting increasing attention and have been studied extensively in recent decades because of their half-light and half-material polarized properties. On the one hand, the tightly confined surface plasmonic mode may reduce the size of integrated optical devices beyond the diffraction limit; on the other hand, it provides an approach toward enhancement of the interactions between light and matter. In recent experiments, researchers have realized promising applications for surface plasmons in quantum information processing, ultra-low-power lasers, and micro-nano processing devices by using plasmonic structures, which have demonstrated their superiority over traditional optics structures. In this paper, we introduce the theoretical principle of surface plasmons and review the research work related to the interactions between plasmons and excitons. Some perspectives with regard to the future development of plasmonic coupling are also outlined.

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Duan, Qilin, Yineng Liu, Shanshan Chang, Huanyang Chen, and Jin-hui Chen. "Surface Plasmonic Sensors: Sensing Mechanism and Recent Applications." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 5262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165262.

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Surface plasmonic sensors have been widely used in biology, chemistry, and environment monitoring. These sensors exhibit extraordinary sensitivity based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects, and they have found commercial applications. In this review, we present recent progress in the field of surface plasmonic sensors, mainly in the configurations of planar metastructures and optical-fiber waveguides. In the metastructure platform, the optical sensors based on LSPR, hyperbolic dispersion, Fano resonance, and two-dimensional (2D) materials integration are introduced. The optical-fiber sensors integrated with LSPR/SPR structures and 2D materials are summarized. We also introduce the recent advances in quantum plasmonic sensing beyond the classical shot noise limit. The challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed.

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Endo-Kimura, Maya, and Ewa Kowalska. "Plasmonic Photocatalysts for Microbiological Applications." Catalysts 10, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10080824.

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Wide-bandgap semiconductors modified with nanostructures of noble metals for photocatalytic activity under vis irradiation due to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), known as plasmonic photocatalysts, have been intensively investigated over the last decade. Most literature reports discuss the properties and activities of plasmonic photocatalysts for the decomposition of organic compounds and solar energy conversion. Although noble metals, especially silver and copper, have been known since ancient times as excellent antimicrobial agents, there are only limited studies on plasmonic photocatalysts for the inactivation of microorganisms (considering vis-excitation). Accordingly, this review has discussed the available literature reports on microbiological applications of plasmonic photocatalysis, including antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties, and also a novel study on other microbiological purposes, such as cancer treatment and drug delivery. Although some reports indicate high antimicrobial properties of these photocatalysts and their potential for medical/pharmaceutical applications, there is still a lack of comprehensive studies on the mechanism of their interactions with microbiological samples. Moreover, contradictory data have also been published, and thus more study is necessary for the final conclusions on the key-factor properties and the mechanisms of inactivation of microorganisms and the treatment of cancer cells.

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Kasani, Sujan, Kathrine Curtin, and Nianqiang Wu. "A review of 2D and 3D plasmonic nanostructure array patterns: fabrication, light management and sensing applications." Nanophotonics 8, no. 12 (October 4, 2019): 2065–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0158.

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AbstractThis review article discusses progress in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) chip-based nanostructure array patterns. Recent advancements in fabrication techniques for nano-arrays have endowed researchers with tools to explore a material’s plasmonic optical properties. In this review, fabrication techniques including electron-beam lithography, focused-ion lithography, dip-pen lithography, laser interference lithography, nanosphere lithography, nanoimprint lithography, and anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template-based lithography are introduced and discussed. Nano-arrays have gained increased attention because of their optical property dependency (light-matter interactions) on size, shape, and periodicity. In particular, nano-array architectures can be tailored to produce and tune plasmonic modes such as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), surface plasmon polariton (SPP), extraordinary transmission, surface lattice resonance (SLR), Fano resonance, plasmonic whispering-gallery modes (WGMs), and plasmonic gap mode. Thus, light management (absorption, scattering, transmission, and guided wave propagation), as well as electromagnetic (EM) field enhancement, can be controlled by rational design and fabrication of plasmonic nano-arrays. Because of their optical properties, these plasmonic modes can be utilized for designing plasmonic sensors and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors.

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Liu, Yanting, and Xuming Zhang. "Microfluidics-Based Plasmonic Biosensing System Based on Patterned Plasmonic Nanostructure Arrays." Micromachines 12, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12070826.

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This review aims to summarize the recent advances and progress of plasmonic biosensors based on patterned plasmonic nanostructure arrays that are integrated with microfluidic chips for various biomedical detection applications. The plasmonic biosensors have made rapid progress in miniaturization sensors with greatly enhanced performance through the continuous advances in plasmon resonance techniques such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized SPR (LSPR)-based refractive index sensing, SPR imaging (SPRi), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Meanwhile, microfluidic integration promotes multiplexing opportunities for the plasmonic biosensors in the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes. Particularly, different types of microfluidic-integrated plasmonic biosensor systems based on versatile patterned plasmonic nanostructured arrays were reviewed comprehensively, including their methods and relevant typical works. The microfluidics-based plasmonic biosensors provide a high-throughput platform for the biochemical molecular analysis with the advantages such as ultra-high sensitivity, label-free, and real time performance; thus, they continue to benefit the existing and emerging applications of biomedical studies, chemical analyses, and point-of-care diagnostics.

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Deka, Gitanjal, Chi-Kuang Sun, Katsumasa Fujita, and Shi-Wei Chu. "Nonlinear plasmonic imaging techniques and their biological applications." Nanophotonics 6, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2015-0149.

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AbstractNonlinear optics, when combined with microscopy, is known to provide advantages including novel contrast, deep tissue observation, and minimal invasiveness. In addition, special nonlinearities, such as switch on/off and saturation, can enhance the spatial resolution below the diffraction limit, revolutionizing the field of optical microscopy. These nonlinear imaging techniques are extremely useful for biological studies on various scales from molecules to cells to tissues. Nevertheless, in most cases, nonlinear optical interaction requires strong illumination, typically at least gigawatts per square centimeter intensity. Such strong illumination can cause significant phototoxicity or even photodamage to fragile biological samples. Therefore, it is highly desirable to find mechanisms that allow the reduction of illumination intensity. Surface plasmon, which is the collective oscillation of electrons in metal under light excitation, is capable of significantly enhancing the local field around the metal nanostructures and thus boosting up the efficiency of nonlinear optical interactions of the surrounding materials or of the metal itself. In this mini-review, we discuss the recent progress of plasmonics in nonlinear optical microscopy with a special focus on biological applications. The advancement of nonlinear imaging modalities (including incoherent/coherent Raman scattering, two/three-photon luminescence, and second/third harmonic generations that have been amalgamated with plasmonics), as well as the novel subdiffraction limit imaging techniques based on nonlinear behaviors of plasmonic scattering, is addressed.

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Yan, Siqi, Xiaolong Zhu, Jianji Dong, Yunhong Ding, and Sanshui Xiao. "2D materials integrated with metallic nanostructures: fundamentals and optoelectronic applications." Nanophotonics 9, no. 7 (April 17, 2020): 1877–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0074.

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AbstractDue to their novel electronic and optical properties, atomically thin layered two-dimensional (2D) materials are becoming promising to realize novel functional optoelectronic devices including photodetectors, modulators, and lasers. However, light–matter interactions in 2D materials are often weak because of the atomic-scale thickness, thus limiting the performances of these devices. Metallic nanostructures supporting surface plasmon polaritons show strong ability to concentrate light within subwavelength region, opening thereby new avenues for strengthening the light–matter interactions and miniaturizing the devices. This review starts to present how to use metallic nanostructures to enhance light–matter interactions in 2D materials, mainly focusing on photoluminescence, Raman scattering, and nonlinearities of 2D materials. In addition, an overview of ultraconfined acoustic-like plasmons in hybrid graphene–metal structures is given, discussing the nonlocal response and quantum mechanical features of the graphene plasmons and metals. Then, the review summarizes the latest development of 2D material–based optoelectronic devices integrated with plasmonic nanostructures. Both off-chip and on-chip devices including modulators and photodetectors are discussed. The potentials of hybrid 2D materials plasmonic optoelectronic devices are finally summarized, giving the future research directions for applications in optical interconnects and optical communications.

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Zhou, Renlong, Kaleem Ullah, Sa Yang, Qiawu Lin, Liangpo Tang, Dan Liu, Shuang Li, Yongming Zhao, and Fengqiu Wang. "Recent advances in graphene and black phosphorus nonlinear plasmonics." Nanophotonics 9, no. 7 (March 18, 2020): 1695–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0004.

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AbstractOver the past decade, the plasmonics of graphene and black phosphorus (BP) were widely recognized as promising media for establishing linear and nonlinear light-matter interactions. Compared to the conventional metals, they support significant light-matter interaction of high efficiency and show undispersed optical properties. Furthermore, in contrast to the conventional metals, the plasmonic properties of graphene and BP structure can be tuned by electrical and chemical doping. In this review, a deep attention was paid toward the second- and third-order nonlinear plasmonic modes of graphene and BP. We present a theoretical framework for calculating the lifetime for surface plasmons modes of graphene and BP assisted by the coupled mode theory. The effect of the Fermi energy on the second-order and third-order nonlinear response is studied in detail. We survey the recent advances in nonlinear optics and the applications of graphene and BP-based tunable plasmonic devices such as light modulation devices, switches, biosensors, and other nonlinear photonic devices. Finally, we highlight a few representative current applications of graphene and BP to photonic and optoelectronic devices.

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Ren, Yi, Jingjing Zhang, Xinxin Gao, Xin Zheng, Xinyu Liu, and Tie Jun Cui. "Active spoof plasmonics: from design to applications." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 5 (November 11, 2021): 053002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac31f7.

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Abstract Spoof plasmonic metamaterials enable the transmission of electromagnetic energies with strong field confinement, opening new pathways to the miniaturization of devices for modern communications. The design of active, reconfigurable, and nonlinear devices for the efficient generation and guidance, dynamic modulation, and accurate detection of spoof surface plasmonic signals has become one of the major research directions in the field of spoof plasmonic metamaterials. In this article, we review recent progress in the studies on spoof surface plasmons with a special focus on the active spoof surface plasmonic devices and systems. Different design schemes are introduced, and the related applications including reconfigurable filters, high-resolution sensors for chemical and biological sensing, graphene-based attenuators, programmable and multi-functional devices, nonlinear devices, splitters, leaky-wave antennas and multi-scheme digital modulators are discussed. The presence of active SSPPs based on different design schemes makes it possible to dynamically control electromagnetic waves in real time. The promising future of active spoof plasmonic metamaterials in the communication systems is also speculated.

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Humbert, Christophe, Thomas Noblet, Laetitia Dalstein, Bertrand Busson, and Grégory Barbillon. "Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy of Plasmonic Nanomaterials: A Review." Materials 12, no. 5 (March 12, 2019): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12050836.

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We report on the recent scientific research contribution of non-linear optics based on Sum-Frequency Generation (SFG) spectroscopy as a surface probe of the plasmonic properties of materials. In this review, we present a general introduction to the fundamentals of SFG spectroscopy, a well-established optical surface probe used in various domains of physical chemistry, when applied to plasmonic materials. The interest of using SFG spectroscopy as a complementary tool to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in order to probe the surface chemistry of metallic nanoparticles is illustrated by taking advantage of the optical amplification induced by the coupling to the localized surface plasmon resonance. A short review of the first developments of SFG applications in nanomaterials is presented to span the previous emergent literature on the subject. Afterwards, the emphasis is put on the recent developments and applications of the technique over the five last years in order to illustrate that SFG spectroscopy coupled to plasmonic nanomaterials is now mature enough to be considered a promising research field of non-linear plasmonics.

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Wei, Hong, and Hongxing Xu. "Nanowire-based plasmonic waveguides and devices for integrated nanophotonic circuits." Nanophotonics 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2012): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2012-0012.

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AbstractThe fast development of plasmonics have greatly advanced our understanding to the abundant phenomena related to surface plamon polaritons (SPPs) and improved our ability to manipulate light at the nanometer scale. With tightly confined local field, SPPs can be transmitted in waveguides of subwavelength dimensions. Nanophotonic circuits built with plasmonic elements can be scaled down to dimensions compatible with semiconductor-based nanoelectronic circuits, which provides a potential solution for the next-generation information technology. Different structures have been explored as plasmonic waveguides for potential integration applications. This review is focused on metallic nanowire waveguides and functional components in nanowire networks. We reviewed recent progress in research about plasmon generation, emission direction and polarization, group velocity, loss and propagation length, and the near-field distribution revealed by quantum dot fluorescence imaging. Electrical generation and detection of SPPs moves towards the building of plasmonic circuits, where bulky external light sources and detectors may be omitted. The coupling between metal nanowires and emitters is important for tailoring light-matter interactions, and for various potential applications. In multi-nanowire structures, plasmon signal control and processing are introduced. The working principles of these nanowire-based devices, which are based on the control to the near field distributions, will become the design rule for nanophotonic circuits with higher complexity for optical signal processing. The recent developments in hybrid photonic-plasmonic waveguides and devices are promising for making devices with unprecedented performance.

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Ahn, Heesang, Soojung Kim, Sung Suk Oh, Mihee Park, Seungchul Kim, Jong-ryul Choi, and Kyujung Kim. "Plasmonic Nanopillars—A Brief Investigation of Fabrication Techniques and Biological Applications." Biosensors 13, no. 5 (May 10, 2023): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13050534.

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Nanopillars (NPs) are submicron-sized pillars composed of dielectrics, semiconductors, or metals. They have been employed to develop advanced optical components such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and biophotonic devices. To integrate localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) with NPs, plasmonic NPs consisting of dielectric nanoscale pillars with metal capping have been developed and used for plasmonic optical sensing and imaging applications. In this study, we studied plasmonic NPs in terms of their fabrication techniques and applications in biophotonics. We briefly described three methods for fabricating NPs, namely etching, nanoimprinting, and growing NPs on a substrate. Furthermore, we explored the role of metal capping in plasmonic enhancement. Then, we presented the biophotonic applications of high-sensitivity LSPR sensors, enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution plasmonic optical imaging. After exploring plasmonic NPs, we determined that they had sufficient potential for advanced biophotonic instruments and biomedical applications.

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46

Karaballi, Reem A., Yashar Esfahani Monfared, Isobel C. Bicket, Robert H. Coridan, and Mita Dasog. "Solid-state synthesis of UV-plasmonic Cr₂N nanoparticles." Journal of Chemical Physics 157, no. 15 (October 21, 2022): 154706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0109806.

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Materials that exhibit plasmonic response in the UV region can be advantageous for many applications, such as biological photodegradation, photocatalysis, disinfection, and bioimaging. Transition metal nitrides have recently emerged as chemically and thermally stable alternatives to metal-based plasmonic materials. However, most free-standing nitride nanostructures explored so far have plasmonic responses in the visible and near-IR regions. Herein, we report the synthesis of UV-plasmonic Cr2N nanoparticles using a solid-state nitridation reaction. The nanoparticles had an average diameter of 9 ± 5 nm and a positively charged surface that yields stable colloidal suspension. The particles were composed of a crystalline nitride core and an amorphous oxide/oxynitride shell whose thickness varied between 1 and 7 nm. Calculations performed using the finite element method predicted the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) for these nanoparticles to be in the UV-C region (100–280 nm). While a distinctive LSPR peak could not be observed using absorbance measurements, low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy showed the presence of surface plasmons between 80 and 250 nm (or ∼5 to 15 eV) and bulk plasmons centered around 50–62 nm (or ∼20 to 25 eV). Plasmonic coupling was also observed between the nanoparticles, resulting in resonances between 250 and 400 nm (or ∼2.5 to 5 eV).

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47

Vlček, Jaroslav, Jaromír Pištora, and Michal Lesňák. "Design of Plasmonic-Waveguiding Structures for Sensor Applications." Nanomaterials 9, no. 9 (August 29, 2019): 1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091227.

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Surface plasmon resonance has become a widely accepted optical technique for studying biological and chemical interactions. Among others, detecting small changes in analyte concentration in complex solutions remains challenging, e.g., because of the need of distinguishing the interaction of interest from other effects. In our model study, the resolution ability of plasmonic sensing element was enhanced by two ways. Besides an implementation of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) plasmonic nanostructure, we suggest concatenation with waveguiding substructure to achieve mutual coupling of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) with an optical waveguiding mode. The dependence of coupling conditions on the multilayer parameters was analyzed to obtain optimal field intensity enhancement.

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48

Zhao, Xiaoyu, Jiahong Wen, Aonan Zhu, Mingyu Cheng, Qi Zhu, Xiaolong Zhang, Yaxin Wang, and Yongjun Zhang. "Manipulation and Applications of Hotspots in Nanostructured Surfaces and Thin Films." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9 (August 26, 2020): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10091667.

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The synthesis of nanostructured surfaces and thin films has potential applications in the field of plasmonics, including plasmon sensors, plasmon-enhanced molecular spectroscopy (PEMS), plasmon-mediated chemical reactions (PMCRs), and so on. In this article, we review various nanostructured surfaces and thin films obtained by the combination of nanosphere lithography (NSL) and physical vapor deposition. Plasmonic nanostructured surfaces and thin films can be fabricated by controlling the deposition process, etching time, transfer, fabrication routes, and their combination steps, which manipulate the formation, distribution, and evolution of hotspots. Based on these hotspots, PEMS and PMCRs can be achieved. This is especially significant for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and controlling the growth locations of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) in nanostructured surfaces and thin films, which is expected to enhance the optical and sensing performance.

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49

Lin, Keng-Te, Han Lin, and Baohua Jia. "Plasmonic nanostructures in photodetection, energy conversion and beyond." Nanophotonics 9, no. 10 (June 29, 2020): 3135–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0104.

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AbstractThis review article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of plasmonic nanostructures and their applications, especially on the integration of plasmonic nanostructures into devices. Over the past decades, plasmonic nanostructures and their applications have been intensively studied because of their outstanding features at the nanoscale. The fundamental characteristics of plasmonic nanostructures, in particular, the electric field enhancement, the generation of hot electrons, and thermoplasmonic effects, play essential roles in most of the practical applications. In general, these three main characteristics of plasmonic nanostructures occur concomitantly when electromagnetic waves interact with plasmonic nanostructures. However, comprehensive review investigating these three main effects of plasmonic nanostructures simultaneously remains elusive. In this article, the fundamental characteristics of plasmonic nanostructures are discussed, especially the interactions between electromagnetic waves and plasmonic nanostructures that lead to the change in near-field electric fields, the conversion of photon energy into hot electrons through plasmon decay, and the photothermal effects at the nanoscale. The applications, challenges faced in these three areas and the future trends are also discussed. This article will provide guidance towards integration of plasmonic nanostructures for functional devices for both academic researchers and engineers in the fields of silicon photonics, photodetection, sensing, and energy harvesting.

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50

Butt, Muhammad Ali ALI, and Nikolay Kazanskiy. "Enhancing the sensitivity of a standard plasmonic MIM square ring resonator by incorporating the Nano-dots in the cavity." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i1.902.

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We studied the metal-insulator-metal square ring resonator design incorporated with nano-dots that serve to squeeze the surface plasmon wave in the cavity of the ring. The E-field enhances at the boundaries of the nano-dots providing a strong interaction of light with the surrounding medium. As a result, the sensitivity of the resonator is highly enhanced compared to the standard ring resonator design. The best sensitivity of 907 nm/RIU is obtained by placing seven nano-dots of radius 4 nm in all four sides of the ring with a period (ᴧ)= 3r. The proposed design will find applications in biomedical science as highly refractive index sensors. Full Text: PDF References:Z. Han, S. I. Bozhevolnyi. "Radiation guiding with surface plasmon polaritons", Rep. Prog. Phys. 76, 016402 (2013). [CrossRef]N.L. Kazanskiy, S.N. Khonina, M.A. Butt. "Plasmonic sensors based on Metal-insulator-metal waveguides for refractive index sensing applications: A brief review", Physica E 117, 113798 (2020). [CrossRef]D.K. Gramotnev, S.I. Bozhevolnyi. "Plasmonics beyond the diffraction limit", Nat. Photonics 4, 83 (2010). [CrossRef]A.N.Taheri, H. Kaatuzian. "Design and simulation of a nanoscale electro-plasmonic 1 × 2 switch based on asymmetric metal–insulator–metal stub filters", Applied Optics 53, 28 (2014). [CrossRef]P. Neutens, L. Lagae, G. Borghs, P. V. Dorpe. "Plasmon filters and resonators in metal-insulator-metal waveguides", Optics Express 20, 4 (2012). [CrossRef]M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N. L. Kazanskiy. "Metal-insulator-metal nano square ring resonator for gas sensing applications", Waves in Random and complex media [CrossRef]M.A.Butt, S.N.Khonina, N.L.Kazanskiy. "Hybrid plasmonic waveguide-assisted Metal–Insulator–Metal ring resonator for refractive index sensing", Journal of Modern Optics 65, 1135 (2018). [CrossRef]M.A.Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Highly sensitive refractive index sensor based on hybrid plasmonic waveguide microring resonator", Waves in Random and complex media [CrossRef]Y. Fang, M. Sun. "Nanoplasmonic waveguides: towards applications in integrated nanophotonic circuits", Light:Science & Applications 4, e294 (2015). [CrossRef]H. Lu, G.X. Wang, X.M. Liu. "Manipulation of light in MIM plasmonic waveguide systems", Chin Sci Bull [CrossRef]J.N. Anker et al. "Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors", Nature Materials 7, 442 (2008). [CrossRef]M.A.Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy. Journal of Modern Optics 66, 1038 (2019).[CrossRef]Z.-D. Zhang, H.-Y. Wang, Z.-Y. Zhang. "Fano Resonance in a Gear-Shaped Nanocavity of the Metal–Insulator–Metal Waveguide", Plasmonics 8,797 (2013) [CrossRef]Y. Yu, J. Si, Y. Ning, M. Sun, X. Deng. Opt. Lett. 42, 187 (2017) [CrossRef]B.H.Zhang, L-L. Wang, H-J. Li et al. "Two kinds of double Fano resonances induced by an asymmetric MIM waveguide structure", J. Opt. 18,065001 (2016) [CrossRef]X. Zhao, Z. Zhang, S. Yan. "Tunable Fano Resonance in Asymmetric MIM Waveguide Structure", Sensors 17, 1494 (2017) [CrossRef]J. Zhou et al. "Transmission and refractive index sensing based on Fano resonance in MIM waveguide-coupled trapezoid cavity", AIP Advances 7, 015020 (2017) [CrossRef]V. Perumal, U. Hashim. "Advances in biosensors: Principle, architecture and applications", J. Appl. Biomed. 12, 1 (2014)[CrossRef]H.Gai, J. Wang , Q. Tian, "Modified Debye model parameters of metals applicable for broadband calculations", Appl. Opt. 46 (12), 2229 (2007) [CrossRef]

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