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Статті в журналах з теми "Plasma sprayed ceramics"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 вересня 2024

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1

Karunaratne, B. S. B., and M. H. Lewis. "Plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings for SiAlON ceramics." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 16, no. 10 (January 1996): 1133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0955-2219(96)00030-1.

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2

Belyaev, I. V., A. V. Kireev, V. E. Bazhenov, M. N. Gerke, D. A. Kochuev, and A. A. Pavlov. "Effect of hot isostatic pressing on the phase composition and porosity of plasma-deposed ceramics from pure aluminum oxide." Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment 6 (2023): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2023-6-24-30.

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Changes in the phase composition and porosity of plasma-sprayed Al2O3 ceramics before and after its treatment by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) were studied. The treatment was carried out using a HIP unit with a graphite resistance heater in an argon atmosphere at a temperature of 1600 °C at a gas static pressure of 200 MPa for 3 hours. The phase composition of the material was determined by quantitative phase analysis. The porosity of ceramics was determined by X-ray computed tomography. It was found that immediately after the end of plasma spraying, the ceramic material contained a set of α, γ, and δ modifications of Al2O3, which differed in density and type of crystal lattice. The total porosity of the ceramics was 18.9 vol. %. After HIP, the phase composition of the plasma-sprayed ceramics changed. The metastable phase modifications γ and δ-Al2O3 disappeared, and the stable modification α-Al2O3 occupied the entire volume of the ceramic material. The total porosity of the ceramics decreased to 9.7 vol. %. The obtained results do not coincide with the literature data, which states that HIP of pressed ceramic samples from α-Al2O3 (corundum) at a temperature of 1300 – 1350 °С and a gas-static pressure of 150 MPa for 30 minutes leads to an increase in the density of these samples to values of more than 98 % on their theoretical density i.e. up to porosity values less than 2 %. The results of this study showed that HIP of plasma-sprayed samples of ceramics from pure alumina in the more severe above-mentioned regime (temperature 1600 °С, gas-static pressure 200 MPa, holding time 3 hours), although it leads to a 2-fold decrease in the porosity of these samples compared to the initial value, but still the value of the porosity of ceramics remains more than 9 %. According to the authors, the reasons for these discrepancies can be associated with polymorphic transformations of aluminum oxide occurring in the material of plasma-sprayed ceramic samples during their heating and accompanying these transformations with changes in the density and volume of the ceramic material, which affects its porosity.

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3

KARUNARATNE, B. S. B., and M. H. LEWIS. "ChemInform Abstract: Plasma-Sprayed Ceramic Coatings for SiAlON Ceramics." ChemInform 27, no. 52 (August 4, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199652306.

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4

Kuroda, Kotaro, Seiji Hanagiri, Makoto Suginoshita, Hatsuo Taira, Shin-ichi Tamura, Hiroyasu Saka, and Toru Imura. "Microstructural characterization of plasma-sprayed oxide ceramics." ISIJ International 29, no. 3 (1989): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.29.234.

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5

Vural, M., S. Zeytin, and A. H. Ucisik. "Plasma-sprayed oxide ceramics on steel substrates." Surface and Coatings Technology 97, no. 1-3 (December 1997): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(97)00223-5.

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6

Wu, Chengtie, Yogambha Ramaswamy, Xuanyong Liu, Guocheng Wang, and Hala Zreiqat. "Plasma-sprayed CaTiSiO 5 ceramic coating on Ti-6Al-4V with excellent bonding strength, stability and cellular bioactivity." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 6, no. 31 (July 29, 2008): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2008.0274.

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Novel Ca-Si-Ti-based sphene (CaTiSiO 5 ) ceramics possess excellent chemical stability and cytocompatibility. The aim of this study was to prepare sphene coating on titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) for orthopaedic applications using the plasma spray method. The phase composition, surface and interface microstructure, coating thickness, surface roughness and bonding strength of the plasma-sprayed sphene coating were analysed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and the standard mechanical testing of the American Society for Testing and Materials, respectively. The results indicated that sphene coating was obtained with a uniform and dense microstructure at the interface of the Ti-6Al-4V surface and the thickness and surface roughness of the coating were approximately 150 and 10 μm, respectively. Plasma-sprayed sphene coating on Ti-6Al-4V possessed a significantly improved bonding strength and chemical stability compared with plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating. Plasma-sprayed sphene coating supported human osteoblast-like cell (HOB) attachment and significantly enhanced HOB proliferation and differentiation compared with plasma-sprayed HAp coating and uncoated Ti-6Al-4V. Taken together, plasma-sprayed sphene coating on Ti-6Al-4V possessed excellent bonding strength, chemical stability and cellular bioactivity, indicating its potential application for orthopaedic implants.

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7

Herman, Herbert. "Plasma Spray Deposition Processes." MRS Bulletin 13, no. 12 (December 1988): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400063715.

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Анотація:

The concept of plasma is central to many scientific and engineering disciplines—from the design of neon advertisement lights to fusion physics. Plasmas vary from low density, slight states of ionization (outer space) to dense, thermal plasmas (for extractive metallurgy). And plasmas are prominent in a wide range of deposition processes — from nonthermal plasma-activated processes to thermal plasmas, which have features of flames and which can spray-deposit an enormous variety of materials. The latter technique, arc plasma spraying (or simply, plasma spraying) is evolving rapidly as a way to deposit thick films (>30 μm) and also freestanding forms.This article will review the technology of plasma spraying and how various scientific disciplines are contributing to both an understanding and improvement of this complex process.The plasma gun dates back to the 1950s, when it was introduced for the deposition of alloys and ceramics. Due to its high temperature flame it was quickly discovered that plasmas could be used for depositing refractory oxides as rocket nozzle liners or to fabricate missile nose cones. In the latter technique, the oxide (e.g., zirconia-based ceramics, spinel) was sprayed onto a mandrel and the deposited material was later removed as a free-standing form.The technique's versatility has attracted considerable industrial attention. Modern high performance machinery is commonly subjected to extremes of temperature and mechanical stress, to levels beyond the capabilities of present-day materials. It is becoming increasingly common to form coatings on such material surfaces to protect against high temperature corrosive media and to enhance mechanical wear and erosion resistance. Several thousand parts within an aircraft gas turbine engine have protective coatings, many of them plasma sprayed. In fact, plasma spraying has emerged as a major means to apply a wide range of materials on diverse substrates. The process can be readily carried out in air or in environmental chambers and requires very little substrate surface preparation. The rate of deposit buildup is rapid and the costs are sufficiently low to enable widening applications for an ever increasing variety of industries.

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8

Tomaszek, R., Z. Znamirowski, L. Pawlowski, J. Grimblot, J. Zdanowski, and W. Czarczynski. "Plasma sprayed ceramics for low macroscopic field emitters." High Temperature Material Processes (An International Quarterly of High-Technology Plasma Processes) 9, no. 1 (2005): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/hightempmatproc.v9.i1.90.

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9

Dwivedi, Gopal, Toshio Nakamura, and Sanjay Sampath. "Controlled Introduction of Anelasticity in Plasma-Sprayed Ceramics." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 94 (April 1, 2011): s104—s111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04494.x.

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10

Wanner, Alexander, and Ekkehard H. Lutz. "Elastic Anisotropy of Plasma-Sprayed, Free-standing Ceramics." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 81, no. 10 (January 21, 2005): 2706–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02680.x.

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11

Colin, C., M. Boussuge, D. Valentin, and G. Desplanches. "Mechanical testing of plasma-sprayed coatings of ceramics." Journal of Materials Science 23, no. 6 (June 1988): 2121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01115778.

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12

Floristán, Miriam, Andreas Killinger, and Rainer Gadow. "Overview on Developed Functional Plasma Sprayed Coatings on Glass and Glass Ceramic Substrates." Key Engineering Materials 533 (December 2012): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.533.115.

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For diverse applications in optical, electronic and consumer industries, the use of glass and glass ceramics as substrates for functional coatings is becoming of outstanding interest in order to develop advanced composites. Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) is an adequate technology for the deposition of a wide variety of materials on glasses. Glass and glass ceramics are characterised by their specific thermo physical properties like low or even negative CTE, low heat conductivity and high dimensional stability. Consequently, modified production processes in comparison to the established coating operations on metal surfaces are required regarding the substrate activation methods or a more accurate heat transfer guidance to the substrate by optimized robot trajectories. This paper aims to give an overview of the investigations carried out at the IMTCCC for the development of plasma sprayed layer composites on borosilicate glass and glass ceramic substrates.

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13

Lee, Soo Wohn, Huang Chen, Yi Zeng, and Chuan Xian Ding. "New Challenge of Plasma Spray Coatings in Nano Oxide Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (August 2006): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.533.

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Nanostructured and conventional Al2O3, ZrO2, and TiO2 were deposited using an atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The size of commercial nano-ceramic powders was varied from 5nm up to 150nm. The microstructure and phase composition of the plasma sprayed coatings on metallic substrate were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that nano-sized ceramic powders enhanced the deposition efficiency on the metallic substrate rather than the micro-sized conventional commercial powders. Density and mechanical property such as microhardness were better in the case of the nano-sized ceramic powders than that of the conventional micro-sized ceramic powders, which are associated with the fine surface roughness and less size in pores of the coating layers. The wear rate of the nanostructured coating was lower than that of the conventional coating. The results were explained in terms of their microstructure of the coatings layers. Also, photocatalytic characterization of the plasma sprayed coatings, using nanocrystalline size TiO2 as feedstock with various powder sizes and shapes as well as adding with different photocatalytic oxides, was performed. The photocatalytic reactivity using plasma sprayed coating layers can be utilized into various applications.

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14

Dobrádi, Annamária, Margit Enisz-Bódogh, and Kristóf Kovács. "Plasma spraying of bioactive glass-ceramics containing bovine bone." Processing and Application of Ceramics 11, no. 2 (2017): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1702113d.

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Natural bone derived glass-ceramics are promising biomaterials for implants. However, due to their price and weak mechanical properties they are preferably applied as coatings on load bearing implants. This paper describes result obtained by plasma spraying of bioactive glass-ceramics containing natural bone onto selected implant materials, such as stainless steel, alumina, and titanium alloy. Adhesion of plasma sprayed coating was tested by computed X-ray tomography and SEM of cross sections. The results showed defect free interface between the coating and substrate, without cracks or gaps. Dissolution rate of the coating in simulated body fluid (SBF) was readily controlled by the bone additives (phase composition), as well as microstructure. The SBF treatment of the plasma sprayed coating did not influence the boundary between the coating and substrate.

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15

Reis, Danieli A. P., Carlos de Moura Neto, Antônio Augusto Couto, Cosme Roberto Moreira Silva, Francisco Piorino Neto, and M. J. R. Barboza. "A Comparison between CoNiCrAlY Bond Coat and Zirconia Plasma Sprayed Coatings on Creep Tests." Materials Science Forum 591-593 (August 2008): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.591-593.30.

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Thermomechanical and electrical properties of zirconia-based ceramics have led to a wide range of advanced and engineering ceramic applications like solid electrolyte in oxygen sensors, fuel cells and furnace elements and its low thermal conductivity has allowed its use for thermal barrier coatings for aerospace engine components. A comparison between CoNiCrAlY bond coat and zirconia plasma sprayed coatings on creep tests of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy was studied. The material used was commercial Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Yttria (8 wt.%) stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with a CoNiCrAlY bond coat was atmospherically plasma sprayed on Ti-6Al-4V substrates by Sulzer Metco Type 9 MB. Constant load creep tests were conducted on a standard creep machine in air on coated samples, at stress levels of 520 MPa at 500°C to evaluate the oxidation protection on creep of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Results indicate that the creep resistance of the ceramic coating was greater than metallic coating.

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16

Kriba, Ilhem, and A. Djebaili. "The Interaction between Particles and a Plasma Beam in the Thermal Projection Process." Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (December 2009): 801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.801.

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Plasma spray processes have been widely used to produce high performance coatings of a wide range of Materials (metallic, non-metallic, ceramics), offering protection from, eg. wear, extreme temperature, chemical attack and environmental corrosion. To obtain good quality coatings, spray parameters must be carefully selected. Due to the large variety in process parameters, it is difficult to optimize the process for each specific coating and substrate combinations. Furthermore modelling the spray process allows a better understanding of the process sequences during thermal spraying. Good agreement of the virtual spraying process with the real coating formation is achieved by modelling the particular process steps. The simulation of coating formation to estimate the process parameters is an important tool to develop new coating structures with defined properties. In this work, the process of plasma sprayed coating has been analyzed by numerical simulation. Commercial code is used to predict the plasma jet characteristics, plasma –particle interaction, and coating formation. Using this model we can obtain coating microstructure and characteristics which form a foundation for further improvement of an advanced ceramic coating build up model.

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17

Krishna Kumar, V., and S. Swarnamani. "Vibration monitoring in sliding wear of plasma sprayed ceramics." Wear 210, no. 1-2 (September 1997): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1648(97)00096-3.

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18

Wang, B. X., and C. Y. Zhao. "Predicting radiative transport properties of plasma sprayed porous ceramics." Journal of Applied Physics 119, no. 12 (March 28, 2016): 125110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4945031.

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19

Majewski, Peter, and Thorsten Maldener. "Plasma-Sprayed Strontium- and Magnesium-Doped Lanthanum Gallate Ceramics." International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology 8, no. 6 (December 17, 2010): 1436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02595.x.

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20

Torvik, Peter J. "Damping Properties of Hard Coatings for Engine Applications." Advances in Science and Technology 66 (October 2010): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.66.126.

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Although blade coating materials dissipate vibratory energy while acting as thermal barrier coatings or protecting the substrate against corrosion or erosion, the inherent nonlinearity of these materials complicates the determination of the necessary material parameters. While plasma-sprayed ceramics alone do not appear to provide the desired levels of dissipation, notable increases in damping have been found to result from the inclusion of small amounts of viscoelastic materials. With proper selection of the added component, the resulting coating may be tailored for high damping in a specific temperature range. Vacuum infiltration of polymeric components into plasma-sprayed ceramics raise the dissipation to desired levels for temperatures of 93-135 oC; co-spraying mixtures of ceramics and glass frits leads to extremely high damping in the transition range of the glass, typically 550-800 oC.

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21

Hammond, L. C., and J. L. Cocking. "Rietveld analysis of plasma-sprayed PSZ coatings." Powder Diffraction 11, no. 2 (June 1996): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600009003.

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Rietveld analysis has been successfully used to characterize plasma-sprayed PSZ coatings in a study of the structural stability of 8 wt. % Y2O3–ZrO2 powders and 23 wt. % CeO2/3 wt. % Y2O3–ZrO2, sprayed onto steel substrates. The ceramics were examined in powder form prior to spraying, as-sprayed and after a series of high-temperature soaks at temperatures relevant to those found in heat engines. The study showed that the Y2O3–ZrO2 powders consist of mixtures of the cubic (as the minor phase) and tetragonal (major phase) zirconia and the cubic zirconia polymorph, whereas the as-sprayed materials contain only the tetragonal (major phase) and monoclinic polymorphs indicating that the cubic phase has been lost by transformation. The CeO2–ZrO2 powders consist of a mixture of cubic, tetragonal (major), and monoclinic polymorphs of which the monoclinic phase disappears after plasma spraying. After extended thermal cycling, the Y2O3–ZrO2 coatings did not alter in phase composition whereas the CeO2–ZrO2 coatings became entirely tetragonal.

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22

Dias, Inês J. G., A. Sofia Pádua, Eduardo A. Pires, João P. M. R. Borges, Jorge C. Silva, and M. Carmo Lança. "Hydroxyapatite-Barium Titanate Biocoatings Using Room Temperature Coblasting." Crystals 13, no. 4 (March 28, 2023): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13040579.

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The use of orthopaedic and dental implants is expanding as a consequence of an ageing population and also due to illness or trauma in younger age groups. The implant must be biocompatible, bioactive and interact favourably with the recipient’s bone, as rapid osseointegration is key to success. In this work, Ti-6Al-4V plates were coated using the CoBlastTM technique, with hydroxyapatite (HAp) and HAp/BaTiO3 (barium titanate, BT) non-piezoelectric cubic nanopowders (HAp/cBT) and piezoelectric tetragonal micropowders (HAp/tBT). The addition of BT, a piezoelectric ceramic, is a strategy to accelerate osseointegration by using surface electric charges as cues for cells. For comparison with commercial coatings, plates were coated with HAp using the plasma spray technique. Using XRD and FTIR, both plasma spray and CoBlastTM coatings showed crystalline HAp and no presence of by-products. However, the XRD of the plasma-sprayed coatings revealed the presence of amorphous HAp. The average surface roughness was close to the coatings’ thickness (≈5 μm for CoBlastTM and ≈13 μm for plasma spray). Cytotoxicity assays proved that the coatings are biocompatible. Therefore, it can be concluded that for HAp-based coatings, CoBlastTM is a viable alternative to plasma spray, with the advantage of facilitating room temperature addition of other ceramics, like piezoelectric BaTiO3.

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23

Venkatachari, Koththavasal R., and Waltraud M. Kriven. "Investigation of Plasma-Sprayed Dysprosia Coatings." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 72, no. 10 (October 1989): 2023–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1989.tb06026.x.

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24

Koller, Martin, Hanuš S. Seiner, Petr Sedlák, Jiří Kotlan, Pavel Ctibor, Radek Mušálek, and Michal Landa. "Application of Laser-Ultrasound for Characterization of Plasma-Sprayed Ceramics." Defect and Diffusion Forum 368 (July 2016): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.368.69.

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Laser-based resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) method was applied to measure elastic constants of a porous calcium titanate coating manufactured by water-stabilized plasma-spraying (WSP). To enhance the reflectivity of the polished surface of this material for the lasers applied at RUS measurements, a thin coating of sodium metasilicate (waterglass) was used. It is discussed how the metasilicate affects the acoustic properties of the underlying porous material and experimentally shown that such a surface treatment enables the characterization of the structural processes in these materials at elevated temperatures.

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25

Shinde, Shalaka V., and Sanjay Sampath. "Factors governing segmentation crack characteristics in air plasma sprayed ceramics." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 42, no. 3 (March 2022): 1077–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.10.064.

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26

Lal, Devi, Praveen Kumar, Sanjay Sampath, and Vikram Jayaram. "Hysteretic and time dependent deformation of plasma sprayed zirconia ceramics." Acta Materialia 194 (August 2020): 394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.04.056.

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27

Hendricks, R. C., G. McDonald, and R. L. Mullen. "Film and interstitial formation of metals in plasma‐sprayed ceramics." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 3, no. 6 (November 1985): 2456–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.572857.

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28

Smith, Gregory M., Michael Resnick, Björn Kjellman, Jan Wigren, Gopal Dwivedi, and Sanjay Sampath. "Orientation-dependent mechanical and thermal properties of plasma-sprayed ceramics." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 101, no. 6 (January 8, 2018): 2471–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jace.15405.

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29

Liu, D. M., H. M. Chou, and J. D. Wu. "Plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coating: effect of different calcium phosphate ceramics." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 5, no. 3 (March 1994): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00053335.

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30

Junge, Paul, Moritz Greinacher, Delf Kober, Patrick Stargardt, and Christian Rupprecht. "Metastable Phase Formation, Microstructure, and Dielectric Properties in Plasma-Sprayed Alumina Ceramic Coatings." Coatings 12, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 1847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121847.

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Анотація:

The need for new solutions for electrical insulation is growing due to the increased electrification in numerous industrial sectors, opening the door for innovation. Plasma spraying is a fast and efficient way to deposit various ceramics as electrical insulators, which are used in conditions where polymers are not suitable. Alumina (Al2O3) is among the most employed ceramics in the coating industry since it exhibits good dielectric properties, high hardness, and high melting point, while still being cost-effective. Various parameters (e.g., feedstock type, spray distance, plasma power) significantly influence the resulting coating in terms of microstructure, porosity, and metastable phase formation. Consequently, these parameters need to be investigated to estimate the impact on the dielectric properties of plasma-sprayed alumina coatings. In this work, alumina coatings with different spray distances have been prepared via atmospheric plasma spray (APS) on copper substrates. The microstructure, porosity, and corresponding phase formation have been analyzed with optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, we present an in-depth analysis of the fundamental dielectric properties e.g., direct current (DC) resistance, breakdown strength, dielectric loss tangent, and permittivity. Our results show that decreasing spray distance reduces the resistivity from 6.31 × 109Ωm (130 mm) to 6.33 × 108Ωm (70 mm), while at the same time enhances the formation of the metastable δ-Al2O3 phase. Furthermore, space charge polarization is determined as the main polarization mechanism at low frequencies.

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31

SHAHIEN, MOHAMMED, MOTOHIRO YAMADA, TOSHIAKI YASUI, and MASAHIRO FUKUMOTO. "REACTIVE PLASMA NITRIDING OF AL2O3 POWDER IN THERMAL SPRAY." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 06 (January 2012): 546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512003753.

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Among advanced ceramics, aluminum nitride ( AlN ) had attracted much attention in the field of electrical and structural applications due to its outstanding properties. However, it is difficult to fabricate AlN coating by conventional thermal spray processes directly. Due to the thermal decomposition of feedstock AlN powder during spraying without a stable melting phase (which is required for deposition in thermal spray). Reactive plasma spraying (RPS) has been considered as a promising technology for in-situ formation of AlN thermally sprayed coatings. In this study the possibility of fabrication of AlN coating by reactive plasma nitriding of alumina ( Al 2 O 3) powder using N 2/ H 2 plasma was investigated. It was possible to fabricate a cubic- AlN (c- AlN ) based coating and the fabricated coating consists of c- AlN , α- Al 2 O 3, Al 5 O 6 N and γ- Al 2 O 3. It was difficult to understand the nitriding process from the fabricated coatings. Therefore, the Al 2 O 3 powders were sprayed and collected in water. The microstructure observation of the collected powder and its cross section indicate that the reaction started from the surface. Thus, the sprayed particles were melted and reacted in high temperature reactive plasma and formed aluminum oxynitride which has cubic structure and easily nitride to c- AlN . During the coatings process the particles collide, flatten, and rapidly solidified on a substrate surface. The rapid solidification on the substrate surface due to the high quenching rate of the plasma flame prevents AlN crystal growth to form the hexagonal phase. Therefore, it was possible to fabricate c- AlN / Al 2 O 3 based coatings through reactive plasma nitriding reaction of Al 2 O 3 powder in thermal spray.

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32

Paterlini, Ambra, Joël Alexis, Yannick Balcaen, and Ghislaine Bertrand. "Cold Spraying of Thick Biomimetic and Stoichiometric Apatite Coatings for Orthopaedic Implants." Coatings 12, no. 6 (May 24, 2022): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12060722.

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Ceramic coatings have a long history in the orthopaedic field, with plasma sprayed coatings of hydroxyapatite as leading standard in the manufacturing process; however, these coatings can contain secondary phases resulting from the decomposition of hydroxyapatite at high temperatures, which limit the lifetime of implants and their osseointegration. This work aims to produce coatings that can maximize bone osseointegration of metallic implants. In order to preserve the raw characteristics of hydroxyapatite powders that are thermally unstable, coatings were deposited by cold spray onto Ti6Al4V alloy substrates. In contrast with other thermal spray technologies, this process presents the advantage of spraying particles through a supersonic gas jet at a low temperature. On top of hydroxyapatite, carbonated nanocrystalline apatite was synthesized and sprayed. This biomimetic apatite is similar to bone minerals due to the presence of carbonates and its poor crystallinity. FTIR and XRD analyses proved that the biomimetic characteristics and the non-stoichiometric of the apatite were preserved in the cold spray coatings. The cold spray process did not affect the chemistry of the raw material. The adhesion of the coatings as well as their thicknesses were evaluated, showing values comparable to conventional process. Cold spraying appears as a promising method to preserve the characteristics of calcium phosphate ceramics and to produce coatings that offer potentially improved osseointegration.

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33

Caliari, Felipe R., Eugenio Garcia, Felipe Miranda, Gilberto Petraconi Filho, and Sanjay Sampath. "Phase evolution in plasma sprayed Nb2O5 coatings." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 41, no. 10 (August 2021): 5248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.04.022.

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34

Liu, Yajie, Toshio Nakamura, Gopal Dwivedi, Alfredo Valarezo, and Sanjay Sampath. "Anelastic Behavior of Plasma-Sprayed Zirconia Coatings." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 91, no. 12 (December 2008): 4036–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02789.x.

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35

Berkowski, Marek, Paul Bowen, Thomas Liechti, and Hans Jorg Scheel. "Plasma-Sprayed-Yttria Layers for Corrosion Resistance." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 75, no. 4 (April 1992): 1005–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb04175.x.

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36

Sherrit, Stewart, Chris R. Savin, Harvey D. Wiederick, Binu K. Mukherjee, and S. Eswar Prasad. "Plasma-Sprayed Lead Zirconate Titanate-Glass Composites." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 77, no. 7 (July 1994): 1973–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb07082.x.

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37

Bolelli, G., L. Lusvarghi, T. Manfredini, and C. Siligardi. "Devitrification behaviour of plasma-sprayed glass coatings." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 27, no. 2-3 (January 2007): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2006.04.119.

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38

Ctibor, Pavel, Zdenek Pala, Hanna Boldyryeva, Josef Sedláček, and Viliam Kmetík. "Microstructure and Properties of Plasma Sprayed Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) Ceramics." Coatings 2, no. 2 (March 28, 2012): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings2020064.

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39

Waki, Hiroyuki, Izuru Nishikawa, and K. Ogura. "Observation of Heat Cycle Delamination Process with Surface Strain Measurement in Thermal Barrier Coating." Key Engineering Materials 261-263 (April 2004): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.261-263.453.

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A surface strain measurement approach to understanding of delamination processes of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) under heat cycle conditions was described in this paper. Heat cycle tests between the high temperature ranged from 1473K to 1073K and the relatively low temperature (573K) was carried out on thermal barrier coated type 304 stainless steel specimens. 8mass%Y2O3- ZrO2 and Al2O3 coatings were used for the TBCs. The surface strain behavior during the heat cycle test was measured using a laser speckle strain/displacement gauge (SSDG). It was found that the thermal expansion of a substrate was almost reflected on a surface strain if a delamination wasn't initiated, while the value of a surface strain decreased to the value of the thermal expansion of a ceramics-coating if the delamination of the ceramics-coating was initiated. The state of a subsurface delamination was able to be nondestructively inferred by the surface strain behavior. The delamination life of a ceramics-coating in the specimen with a low-pressure-plasma-sprayed (LPPS) bond-coating was found to be longer than that with an atmospheric-plasma-sprayed (APS) bond-coating. The large roughness of a bond-coating was also found to be effective in improving the delamination life of a ceramics-coating owing to the restriction of a crack propagation parallel to the interface between the ceramics-coating and the bond-coating.

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40

SHARROCK, P., and G. BONEL. "Colour centres in plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite." Biomaterials 13, no. 11 (1992): 755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(92)90013-e.

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41

Kar, Simanchal, P. P. Bandyopadhyay, and S. Paul. "Precision superabrasive grinding of plasma sprayed ceramic coatings." Ceramics International 42, no. 16 (December 2016): 19302–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.09.100.

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42

Moskal, Grzegorz, and Grzegorz Dercz. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Structure and Phase Transformation of Rare Earth (Gd) Zirconate." Solid State Phenomena 163 (June 2010): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.163.157.

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In the present work, zirconium gadolinium oxide (Gd2Zr2O7) ceramics were prepared by annealing in different conditions and with APS (air plasma sprayed) techniques for thermal barrier coating (TBC) application. Thermal properties, phase transformation, crystal structure and cross-sectional morphologies of these materials were investigated. The thermal behaviour of the material was investigated from room temperature to 1500°C using the differential thermal analysis (DTA). The X-ray diffraction methods were used for the qualitative phase analysis. The structure of the studied samples has been characterized by employing powerful Rietveld’s whole X-ray profile fitting technique using the DBWS 9807a program. The SEM and EDS techniques were used to in the ceramic samples morphology analysis and for their chemical composition, respectively. The research showed that further stages of annealing result in the phase transformation of the parent substances and the main phase Gd2Zr2O7. It was found out that complete phase transformation into Gd2Zr2O7 phase takes place only for the air plasma sprayed sample. The analysis of the morphology of the initial powder revealed the spherical shape of the powder particles, which have a porous internal structure.

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43

Di Girolamo, Giovanni, Luciano Pilloni, Giovanni Pulci, and Francesco Marra. "Tribological Characterization of WC-Co Plasma Sprayed Coatings." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 92, no. 5 (May 2009): 1118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03023.x.

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44

Lin, Chung-Kwei, Chung-Chieh Lin, and Christopher C. Berndt. "Simulation of Hardness Testing on Plasma-Sprayed Coatings." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 78, no. 5 (May 1995): 1406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1995.tb08505.x.

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45

Pajares, Antonia, Lanhua Wei, Brian R. Lawn, and Christopher C. Berndt. "Contact Damage in Plasma-Sprayed Alumina-Based Coatings." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 79, no. 7 (July 1996): 1907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb08012.x.

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46

Park, Seung Hyun, Kyung Eon Kim, and Sang Jeen Hong. "Surface Analysis of Chamber Coating Materials Exposed to CF4/O2 Plasma." Coatings 11, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010105.

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Coating the inner surfaces of high-powered plasma processing equipment has become crucial for reducing maintenance costs, process drift, and contaminants. The conventionally preferred alumina (Al2O3) coating has been replaced with yttria (Y2O3) due to the long-standing endurance achieved by fluorine-based etching; however, the continuous increase in radio frequency (RF) power necessitates the use of alternative coating materials to reduce process shift in a series of high-powered semiconductor manufacturing environments. In this study, we investigated the fluorine-based etching resistance of atmospheric pressure-sprayed alumina, yttria, yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), and yttrium oxyfluoride (YOF). The prepared ceramic-coated samples were directly exposed to silicon oxide etching, and the surfaces of the plasma-exposed samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We found that an ideal coating material must demonstrate high plasma-induced structure distortion by the fluorine atom from the radical. For endurance to fluorine-based plasma exposure, the bonding structure with fluoride was shown to be more effective than oxide-based ceramics. Thus, fluoride-based ceramic materials can be promising candidates for chamber coating materials.

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47

Leigh, Sang-Ha, and Christopher C. Berndt. "Quantitative Evaluation of Void Distributions within a Plasma-Sprayed Ceramic." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82, no. 1 (December 22, 2004): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01717.x.

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48

Liu, Xuanyong, Shunyan Tao, and Chuanxian Ding. "Bioactivity of plasma sprayed dicalcium silicate coatings." Biomaterials 23, no. 3 (February 2002): 963–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00210-1.

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49

Lima, R. "Near-isotropic air plasma sprayed titania." Acta Materialia 52, no. 5 (March 8, 2004): 1163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2003.11.002.

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50

Cho, Kyeong-Sik, Hyun-Kwuon Lee, and Jeong-Cheol Kwon. "Influence of CrO3Sealing Treatment on Properties of Plasma Sprayed Al2O3Coating." Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society 48, no. 2 (March 31, 2011): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2011.48.2.160.

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