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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Plantes – Santé – La Réunion (France ; île)"
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Дисертації з теми "Plantes – Santé – La Réunion (France ; île)"
Houillon, Ismaël. "Modélisation du paysage agricole et inférence du risque pour l'accompagnement des réseaux d'épidémiosurveillance : application au paysage agrumicole réunionnais." Thesis, La Réunion, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LARE0014.
Повний текст джерелаPlant disease surveillance is a major food safety issue. Although surveillance methods have been greatly improved in the last decade, especially with risk-based surveillance, implementing effective surveillance is not obvious in some regions. Reunion Island is an excellent example of such territories where organizing plant disease surveillance is a challenge due to its position as a DROM, with a very heterogeneous landscape and limited resources. Since 2012, Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter, is re-emerging in citrus orchards in Reunion Island and the state services have to organize the surveillance of a fragmented, heterogeneous citrus landscape and this taking into account local policies. We will show here the methods developed to improve the knowledge of the landscape, and thus better understand the potential epidemiological pathways. The approach of photo-interpretation of satellite images and field confirmation has allowed to consolidate the existing incomplete database. We will also show how risk-based surveillance can guide sampling. In the context of HLB surveillance in Reunion, a list of the most connected orchards was used to target sampling of areas most likely to be epidemiological nodes. We were able to show through learning algorithms that elevation and connectivity are variables of major importance in explaining the health status of citrus. Furthermore, the involvement of home gardens in the epidemic was highlighted, supporting the fact that the surveillance of the agricultural compartment alone was not sufficient. An evaluation of the surveillance system was also carried out using the OASIS method. This allowed us to highlight the good functioning of the core of the surveillance chain, despite the fact that positions in the central organization need to be defined and communication with the general public needs to be improved
Vaillant, Zoé. "La Réunion, koman i lé ? : les constructions socio-territoriales de santé à l'île de la Réunion." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100019.
Повний текст джерелаHow could the place where people live have a part in promoting (improving) or deteriorating their health ? The researcher analyse health socio-territorial constructions on La Réunion island. He tries to bring together the backdrop corresponding to the populations' "environnent", which would explain how, beside social or individual characteristics, risk exposure can be influenced by living locations. Local health constructions appear to be, in each location, specific combinations of all aspects of "the environnent", term including numerous and varied aspects of life (ecological and biological data, social and family relationships, health services supplying) which surrounds and "deterrnines" populations' health. Two quarter comparative monographs (exploration of the conditions of social relationships within the districts, the spatial representations and practical experiences, social and health support authorities appropriation modes, localized active and passive treatment methods) shows processes that are firmly-rooted and filled in a territorialized daily /ife, through which the inhabitants' health builds up or worsens
Lavergne, Christophe. "Étude de la stratégie d'invasion du Troène de Ceylan, Ligustrum robustum subsp. Walkeri, à la Réunion et des caractéristiques du milieu envahi." La Réunion, 2000. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/00_Lavergne_Nancy.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe native ecosystems of the Mascarene islands are characterized by a high endemicity (72% of the Angiosperm flora) and habitat destruction due to human activities and invasions by introduced animal and plant pests. More than 98% of the primary vegetation remnants on the archipelago are found in La reunion, which also possesses more protected forest areas. Ligustrum robustum subsp. Walkeri (oleaceae) is one of the worst alien invasive plants of Mauritanian native forest and has been introduced recently into La Reunion. The recorded data from sample plots near the first site of introduction in La Reunion (Cilaos, 1200 m alt. ) showed pure stands of L. Robustum in the human-disturbed primary forest patches and high seedling densities in the least disturbed patches. Its rapid growth rate, high shade tolerance, high production of seeds able to be dispersed by birds, contributed to its ability to invade forests. Difficulties in controlling L. Robustum make it a major threat to the indigenous montane forests. Without setting up an efficient conservation program improving the awarness of the local population, other species could be introduced that will display similar invasive characteristics. This could accelerate the process of degradation that is occurring following the introduction of L robustum. This process poses a serious threat to one of the last primitive island ecosystems in the Indian Ocean
Poullain, Cyril. "Contribution à l'étude des plantes endémiques et indigènes de la Réunion, recherche d'activités biologiques et de principes actifs dans 75 plantes." La Réunion, 2004. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/04_05_Poullain.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаA previous bibliographic study was realized to review all the active principles for five biological activities : free radical scavenging, antioxidant and antifungal activities, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and inhibition of viral fusion. In order to understand the reactivity of the active principle, causes (oxidative stress) and pathological effects of diseases (fungal infections, Alzheimer's disease and AIDS) related to these five biological activities, were explained (chapter 1, vol. 1). In the second chapter (vol. 1), 75 plants endemic and indigenous to Reunion Island were selected for a study of their biological activities. Two kinds of tests were realized : on the one hand, by thin layer chromatography for the free radical scavenging, antioxidant and antifungal properties and for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase ; on the other hand by clusters for the anti-HIV activity. 73% of 274 polar and non-polar extracts reduced free radicals, 32% protected double bonds, 14% inhibit the growth of a fungi and 11% inhibit acetylcholinesterase (Alzheimer's disease). For HIV test, the toxic limit concentration and the medium effective concentration were determined. Three plants exhibited strong activities for one or two tests : Hypericum lanceolatum, Melicope borbonica and Croton mauritianus. In the same time, 18 plants (on 75) were investigated for determination of specific groups of molecules. All these studies were needed uses of analytical techniques as column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with Ultraviolet or coupled with mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance 1H 13C, one-dimensional and bi-dimensional. The volume 2 is a complement of vol. 1 and comprises the five tables of the first chapter (vol. 1) and phytochemical and botanical data of the 75 plants studied in the second chapter (vol. 1)
Bouhier-Roddier, Muriel. "Le diabète, entre culture et santé publique : approche anthropologique des représentations du diabète de type 2 à la Réunion." La Réunion, 1999. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/99_20_Bouhier.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAttié, Marc. "Étude sur l'entomofaune associée à la flore indigène de l'île de la Réunion." La Réunion, 1999. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/99_02_Attie.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаChabanet, Pascale. "Étude des relations entre les peuplements benthiques et les peuplements ichtyologiques sur le complexe récifal de Saint-Gilles - La Saline (Île de la Réunion)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30061.
Повний текст джерелаHumeau, Laurence. "Écologie et évolution de la dioécie et du dimorphisme sexuel de la taille des fleurs chez les "dombeya" (sterculiacées) endémiques de la Réunion." La Réunion, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00488723/fr/.
Повний текст джерелаCadet, Jean-Maurice. "Le rayonnement solaire ultraviolet de surface en région tropicale, validation instrumentale, climatologie et impacts sur la santé." Thesis, La Réunion, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LARE0019.
Повний текст джерелаThe main causes of skin cancer are human behavior change and the increase of surface ultraviolet radiation, in response to atmospheric parameters changes (stratospheric ozone, clouds, or aerosols) due to climate change or anthropogenic activities. Taking into account their geographic position, tropical regions receive the maximum of solar UV irradiance. The risk related to UV is very high, due to the demography or increase in outdoor activities. The precise UV measurement then becomes very important. One of the purpose of this PhD thesis was the evaluation of different UV measurement instruments in comparison to a reference one. Comparison to satellite UV measurements was also performed. A trend study was done by using ground-based UV database at Saint-Denis. An increase trend in UVI was found. This increase may be due to ozone change or to cloud change in response to the increase of sea temperature caused by climate change. Following that comparison work, UV exposure work was done in popular sites where people are exposed to extreme UV radiation, in altitude for example. Réunion island is a mountainous well-known for its several possibilities of hikes and outdoors activities. The measurement performed during the Maïdo - Grand Bénare hike, for example, showed that people can be exposed up to 60 standard erythemal doses, what corresponds to several times the minimal threshold to elicit sunburn whatever the sun phototype. Therefore, the public must be informed of the danger of UV exposure. Along with more awareness campaigns and more efficient measuring devices placed around the island, a general understanding of UVR will improve, thereby reducing the risks linked to excess exposure resulting from insufficient UVR protection
Ouar, Sadia. "Caractérisation spatio-temporelle du couvert végétal des zones à mascareignite des hauts de l'île de la Réunion." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30062.
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