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1
Ergashovich, Kholliyev Askar, Norboyeva Umida Toshtemirovna, Jabborov Bakhtiyor Iskandarovich, and Norboyeva Nargiza Toshtemirovna. "Soil Salinity And Sustainability Of Cotton Plant." American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 03, no. 04 (April 22, 2021): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume03issue04-03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The following article deals with the data obtained as a result of the effect of soil salinity on the physiological properties and tolerance levels of medium-fibre cotton varieties. Also, changes in physiological processes under the influence of different levels of salinity and differences in the adaptive properties of varieties have been noted. Salinity had a negative impact on all studied cotton varieties, while the radical decline in yield and its quality was observed in varieties with high levels of adaptability and hardiness.
2
Flowers, Timothy J., and Timothy D. Colmer. "Salinity tolerance in halophytes*." New Phytologist 179, no. 4 (September 2008): 945–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02531.x.
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3
Le, Thao Duc, Floran Gathignol, Huong Thi Vu, Khanh Le Nguyen, Linh Hien Tran, Hien Thi Thu Vu, Tu Xuan Dinh, et al. "Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Salinity Tolerance at the Seedling Stage in a Panel of Vietnamese Landraces Reveals New Valuable QTLs for Salinity Stress Tolerance Breeding in Rice." Plants 10, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rice tolerance to salinity stress involves diverse and complementary mechanisms, such as the regulation of genome expression, activation of specific ion-transport systems to manage excess sodium at the cell or plant level, and anatomical changes that avoid sodium penetration into the inner tissues of the plant. These complementary mechanisms can act synergistically to improve salinity tolerance in the plant, which is then interesting in breeding programs to pyramidize complementary QTLs (quantitative trait loci), to improve salinity stress tolerance of the plant at different developmental stages and in different environments. This approach presupposes the identification of salinity tolerance QTLs associated with different mechanisms involved in salinity tolerance, which requires the greatest possible genetic diversity to be explored. To contribute to this goal, we screened an original panel of 179 Vietnamese rice landraces genotyped with 21,623 SNP markers for salinity stress tolerance under 100 mM NaCl treatment, at the seedling stage, with the aim of identifying new QTLs involved in the salinity stress tolerance via a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Nine salinity tolerance-related traits, including the salt injury score, chlorophyll and water content, and K+ and Na+ contents were measured in leaves. GWAS analysis allowed the identification of 26 QTLs. Interestingly, ten of them were associated with several different traits, which indicates that these QTLs act pleiotropically to control the different levels of plant responses to salinity stress. Twenty-one identified QTLs colocalized with known QTLs. Several genes within these QTLs have functions related to salinity stress tolerance and are mainly involved in gene regulation, signal transduction or hormone signaling. Our study provides promising QTLs for breeding programs to enhance salinity tolerance and identifies candidate genes that should be further functionally studied to better understand salinity tolerance mechanisms in rice.
4
Ashraf, M., and T. McNeilly. "Salinity Tolerance in Brassica Oilseeds." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 23, no. 2 (March 2004): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07352680490433286.
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5
Shahbaz, M., and M. Ashraf. "Improving Salinity Tolerance in Cereals." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 32, no. 4 (July 4, 2013): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2013.758544.
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6
Cheeseman, John M., P. Bloebaum, Carol Enkoji, and Linda K. Wickens. "Salinity tolerance in Spergularia marina." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 1762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-247.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Attributes of the coastal halophyte Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb. that make it useful for studies of the physiological basis for salt tolerance in fully autotrophic higher plants are discussed. Growth, morphological, and ion-content characteristics are presented to serve as a background for subsequent studies of transport physiology. Plants were grown in solution culture on dilutions of artificial seawater or on the same solution without NaCl ("fresh water") from the time at which they could be conveniently transferred as seedlings (about 2 weeks old) to the onset of flowering about 5 weeks later. Eighteen days after transfer, plants growing on 0.2 × seawater were larger, being nearly twice the size of plants on fresh water. A Na+ specific effect was indicated, as the major part of the growth stimulation (54%) resulted from a 1 mM NaCl supplementation of "fresh water." Succulence was not a consideration in the growth response: root length was directly proportional to weight as was leaf surface area and neither was affected by salinity. Total Na+ plus K+ per gram root or shoot showed little variation with salinity from 1 to 180 mM Na+ levels. In roots, the relative Na+ and K+ contents were also little affected by salinity, but in the shoots, increasing salinity resulted in higher Na+ and lower K+ contents. Distribution within the shoots of 0.2 × plants showed no regions either free of or exceptionally high in Na+. The ion content and distribution patterns are compared with those in a number of other halophytes.
7
Cabrera, Raul I. "560 Rose Plant Tolerance to NaCl Salinity." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 492C—492. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.492c.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Yield, quality, and nutrient status of `Bridal Pink' (on R. manetti rootstock) roses were evaluated under increasing NaCl salinity and mixed NO3–/NH4+ nutrition. Container-grown plants were irrigated over eight flushes of growth and flowering with nutrient solutions having 100 NO3- : 0 NH4+, 75 NO3– : 25 NH4+, and 50 NO3– : 50 NH4+ ratios in combination with three NaCl concentrations. During the first four flowering flushes, NaCl was supplemented at 0, 5, and 10 mm, but these concentrations were increased to 0, 15, and 30 mm during the last four flushes. Interestingly, NO3– : NH4+ ratios and NaCl concentration had no main effects over any flower yield or quality component evaluated over the 13-month experimental period. Furthermore, visual symptoms of apparent salt injury were just observed during the last three flowering cycles, and mostly on the oldest foliage of plants receiving the highest salt concentrations (30 mm). Leaf N and Na concentrations were not significantly affected by the treatments over the course of the experiment, averaging 3.34% and 45 mg·kg–1, respectively. Leaf Cl concentrations were significantly increased by salt additions, ranging from 1000 to 15,000 mg·kg–1 [0.1% to 1.5% dry weight (DW)]. Correlation analyses revealed that relative dry weight yields increased with leaf Cl concentrations up to 3000 mg·kg–1 (0.3% DW) but were significantly depressed at higher concentrations. These results confirm recent reports suggesting that roses are more tolerant to salinity than their typical classification of sensitive. Furthermore, this is the first known study to report an apparent positive effect of moderate leaf Cl concentrations on rose biomass yields.
8
Liu, Jiahao, Chengcheng Fu, Guangjing Li, Mohammad Nauman Khan, and Honghong Wu. "ROS Homeostasis and Plant Salt Tolerance: Plant Nanobiotechnology Updates." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 3552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063552.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Salinity is an issue impairing crop production across the globe. Under salinity stress, besides the osmotic stress and Na+ toxicity, ROS (reactive oxygen species) overaccumulation is a secondary stress which further impairs plant performance. Chloroplasts, mitochondria, the apoplast, and peroxisomes are the main ROS generation sites in salt-stressed plants. In this review, we summarize ROS generation, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in salt-stressed plants, and the potential for plant biotechnology to maintain ROS homeostasis. Overall, this review summarizes the current understanding of ROS homeostasis of salt-stressed plants and highlights potential applications of plant nanobiotechnology to enhance plant tolerance to stresses.
9
Shannon, Michael C. "New Insights in Plant Breeding Efforts for Improved Salt Tolerance." HortTechnology 6, no. 2 (April 1996): 96b—99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.6.2.96a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The lack of improvement for salt tolerance has been attributed to insufficient genetic variation, a need for rapid and reliable genetic markers for screening, and the complexities of salinity × environment interactions. Salt tolerance is a quantitative characteristic that has been defined in many ways subject to changes with plant development and differentiation; thus, assessing salt tolerance among genotypes that differ in growth or development rate is difficult. Salt tolerance also varies based on concentrations of major and minor nutrients in the root zone. Plant growth models may provide a method to integrate the complexities of plant responses to salinity stress with the relevant environmental variables that interact with the measurement of tolerance. Mechanistic models have been developed over the last few years that are responsive to nitrogen or drought stress but not to salinity stress. Models responsive to salinity stress would provide insights for breeders and aid in developing more practical research on the physiological mechanisms of plant salt tolerance.
10
Morcillo, Rafael, and Maximino Manzanera. "The Effects of Plant-Associated Bacterial Exopolysaccharides on Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance." Metabolites 11, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11060337.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial soil microorganisms that can stimulate plant growth and increase tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Some PGPR are capable of secreting exopolysaccharides (EPS) to protect themselves and, consequently, their plant hosts against environmental fluctuations and other abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, or heavy metal pollution. This review focuses on the enhancement of plant abiotic stress tolerance by bacterial EPS. We provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms through EPS to alleviate plant abiotic stress tolerance, including salinity, drought, temperature, and heavy metal toxicity. Finally, we discuss how these abiotic stresses may affect bacterial EPS production and its role during plant-microbe interactions.
11
Shannon, Michael C. "1064 NEW INSIGHTS IN PLANT BREEDING EFFORTS FOR IMPROVED SALT TOLERANCE." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 581b—581. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.581b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The lack of improvement for salt tolerance has been attributed to insufficient genetic variation, a need for rapid and reliable genetic markers for screening, and the complexities of salinity × environment interactions. Salt tolerance is a quantitative character that has been defined in a multitude of ways subject to changes with plant development and differentiation; thus, assessing salt tolerance among genotypes that differ in growth or development rate is difficult. Salt tolerance also varies based upon concentrations of both major and minor nutrients in the root zone. Plant growth models may provide a method to integrate the complexities of plant responses to salinity stress with-the relevant environmental variables that interact with the measurement of tolerance. Mechanistic models have been developed over the last few years that are responsive to nitrogen or drought stress but not to salinity stress. Models responsive to salinity stress would provide insights for breeders and aid in the development of more practical research on the physiological mechanisms of plant salt tolerance.
12
Price, Lewis, Yong Han, Tefera Angessa, and Chengdao Li. "Molecular Pathways of WRKY Genes in Regulating Plant Salinity Tolerance." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (September 19, 2022): 10947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810947.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Salinity is a natural and anthropogenic process that plants overcome using various responses. Salinity imposes a two-phase effect, simplified into the initial osmotic challenges and subsequent salinity-specific ion toxicities from continual exposure to sodium and chloride ions. Plant responses to salinity encompass a complex gene network involving osmotic balance, ion transport, antioxidant response, and hormone signaling pathways typically mediated by transcription factors. One particular transcription factor mega family, WRKY, is a principal regulator of salinity responses. Here, we categorize a collection of known salinity-responding WRKYs and summarize their molecular pathways. WRKYs collectively play a part in regulating osmotic balance, ion transport response, antioxidant response, and hormone signaling pathways in plants. Particular attention is given to the hormone signaling pathway to illuminate the relationship between WRKYs and abscisic acid signaling. Observed trends among WRKYs are highlighted, including group II WRKYs as major regulators of the salinity response. We recommend renaming existing WRKYs and adopting a naming system to a standardized format based on protein structure.
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Dua, R. P. "Differential response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes to salinity." Journal of Agricultural Science 119, no. 3 (December 1992): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185960001220x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYTwenty genotypes of chickpea, selected according to their performance in trials conducted during 1988/89 in saline fields having equal concentrations of SO4 and Cl, were studied during 1989/90 at Karnal, India. The Cl-dominated soils were divided into microplots with ECe values of 2, 4, 6 and 8 dS/m. Germination, although delayed at ECe 6 and 8 dS/m, was not inhibited up to ECe 8 dS/m. The sensitivity of all genotypes increased with plant growth and greater salinity. Plant growth was most adversely affected by a salinity of ECe 8 dSm. 100-seed weight was less affected by salinity than other yield components, namely, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant and seed yield/plant. Chlorides had a more severe toxic effect when present in domination than when they were balanced by an equal concentration of sulphates. Genotypes varied in their tolerance of Cl-dominated salinity. Cultivars ICCC32 and 1CCL86446 showed the most tolerance to Cl-salinity, having > 0·75 Mean Tolerance Index values for all eight characters, followed by ICC5003, ICC10575, ICC12908 and ICC12926. ICC12928 had the highest mean tolerance index value for number of pods/plant and highest threshold value and ICC4953 the highest mean tolerance index for 100-seed weight, indicating their better tolerance at flowering and maturity respectively. Therefore, crossing genotypes of the latter with the former group should produce some recombinants with improved tolerance to salinity at all growth stages and at maturity.
14
Jia, Huixia, Guangjian Liu, Jianbo Li, Jin Zhang, Pei Sun, Shutang Zhao, Xun Zhou, Mengzhu Lu, and Jianjun Hu. "Genome resequencing reveals demographic history and genetic architecture of seed salinity tolerance in Populus euphratica." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 14 (April 3, 2020): 4308–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa172.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Populus euphratica is a dominant tree species in desert riparian forests and possesses extraordinary adaptation to salinity stress. Exploration of its genomic variation and molecular underpinning of salinity tolerance is important for elucidating population evolution and identifying stress-related genes. Here, we identify approximately 3.15 million single nucleotide polymorphisms using whole-genome resequencing. The natural populations of P. euphratica in northwest China are divided into four distinct clades that exhibit strong geographical distribution patterns. Pleistocene climatic fluctuations and tectonic deformation jointly shaped the extant genetic patterns. A seed germination rate-based salinity tolerance index was used to evaluate seed salinity tolerance of P. euphratica and a genome-wide association study was implemented. A total of 38 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with seed salinity tolerance and were located within or near 82 genes. Expression profiles showed that most of these genes were regulated under salt stress, revealing the genetic complexity of seed salinity tolerance. Furthermore, DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 57 and one undescribed gene (CCG029559) were demonstrated to improve the seed salinity tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. These results provide new insights into the demographic history and genetic architecture of seed salinity tolerance in desert poplar.
15
Rahi, T. S., and Bajrang Singh. "Salinity tolerance in Chrysanthemum morifolium." Journal of Applied Horticulture 13, no. 01 (June 15, 2011): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37855/jah.2011.v13i01.07.
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Ashraf, M. "Breeding for Salinity Tolerance in Plants." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 13, no. 1 (1994): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713608051.
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Chen, Jen-Tsung, Ricardo Aroca, and Daniela Romano. "Molecular Aspects of Plant Salinity Stress and Tolerance." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 4918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094918.
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Voutchkov, Nikolay. "Salinity tolerance evaluation methodology for desalination plant discharge." Desalination and Water Treatment 1, no. 1-3 (January 2009): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2009.126.
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Sriskantharajah, Karthika, Shota Osumi, Sumana Chuamnakthong, Mami Nampei, Junrey C. Amas, Glenn B. Gregorio, and Akihiro Ueda. "Acquired salinity tolerance in rice: Plant growth dataset." Data in Brief 31 (August 2020): 106023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106023.
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Steppuhn, H., and K. G. Wall. "Grain yields from spring-sown Canadian wheats grown in saline rooting media." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Farmers seek information about the salt tolerances of wheat. Two greenhouse tests conducted at the Swift Current Salt Tolerance Testing Laboratory determined the response of four spring-sown Canadian wheat cultivars (Katepwa, Biggar, Fielder and Kyle) to increasingly saline rooting media. The first test followed the United States Salinity Laboratory procedure of increasing root-zone salinity gradually after plant emergence, and the second provided full complements of salts before seeding. The plants were grown in sand tanks irrigated four times daily with hydroponic solutions containing salt concentrations of up to 14 dS m−1 equivalent electrical conductivity for saturated soil paste extracts (ECe) Grain yield and plant height began to decline within all cultivars at equivalent ECe-values ranging between 0.5 and 2.5 dS m−1. At 4 dS m−1, grain production dropped to 80% or less of that produced in non-saline rooting media. Kyle and Fielder plants showed slightly more salt tolerance than those of Katepwa or Biggar (i.e., moderately sensitive rather than sensitive). Gradually adding the salts after plant emergence resulted in a tendency for greater salt-tolerance estimates than obtained by subjecting the plants to the full complement of salts at seeding. At the concentrations tested, the salinity affected the number of fertile spikes per plant more than it affected the number of plants reaching harvest. Key words: Salt tolerance, salt resistance, salinity, crop growth modelling, crop response
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Okasha, Kh A., and R. M. Helal. "908 PB 533 STUDIES ON NATURE OF SALT TOLERANCE IN OKRA." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 564b—564. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.564b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Salt tolerance of four okra cutivars namely : white velvet ; Gold coast ; Balady and Eskandarani, were investigated during three different stages of plant development namely : seed germination, seedling and reproductive stages. At both first and second stages of plant development various concentrations of sea water (diluted with tap water) were used for irrigation while at the third stage, various saline water with different electronic conductivities were used for irrigation Results of these studies revealed that salinity reduced and delayed seed germination At this stage, white velvet cv. appeared to be tolerant to salinity. At the seedling stage, salinity generally reduced hash weight of plant for all tested cuitivars and Gold coast was the lead affected one At the reproductive stage, salinity reduced plant growth and total yield/plant but with different degrees depending upon cultivar In this respect, yield of both Gold coast and Balady was not greatly reduced at the high level of salinity The anatomical studies showed that salinity reduced xylem and phloem elements in okra roots depending upon both salinity level and cultivar Generally, the obtained results suggest that both Gold coast and Balady okra cultivars can considered as tolerant genotypes to salinity and recommended for cultivation in both and and semi-arid lands where salinity is considered a potential problem
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Yang, Jing Hui, Jian Ke Li, Jun Xun Huang, Yan Jun Liu, and Chun Xia Wu. "Salt Tolerance of Four Biodiesel Plant Species on Germination." Advanced Materials Research 641-642 (January 2013): 902–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.902.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to increasing salinity problems and biodiesel production, in this experiment four vegetables species were treated with different concentration of NaCl solution and the growth values were evaluated on germination to be able to understand salinity tolerance of main biodiesel plant species and screen better species which is possible to be cultivated on salinity land. Results indicated that salinity caused significant reduction in germination vigor (GV), relative percentage of germination (RGP), relative radicle length (RRL). Under higher salt concentration (9g/L), GV of soybean was lowest; GV of camelina and rape was highest. Soybean was sensitive to salinity stress under 3-6g/L according to relative percentage of germination (RGP). Under conditions of the higher salt stress (9g/L), RGP of rape and camelina was higher than oil sunflower and soybean. When saline concentration was 6g/L, the differentiation of RRL was more remarkable between species and rape had highest RRL (33.5%), next was camelina (26.5%), soybean (20%) and RRL of oil sunflower was lowest (12.4%). RRL of four species was less than 11-14% and RRL of camelina was higher than others when saline concentration increased into 9-12 g/L. All species had not any growth under salt concentration of 15g/L. Camelina had higher concentration of salinity tolerance (CST, 6g/L) than other three species, the rest was 2-3g/L. Camelina and rape had higher half lethal concentration (HLC, 9g/L), next was soybean (6g/L), and lowest one was oil sunflower (3g/L). Salt tolerance ranking for the four species based CST and HLC was camelina > rape > soybean > oil sunflower. It is possible for camelina to grow in saline soil in North of China after its suitable cultivation system is established.
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Shahid, Muhammad Adnan, Ali Sarkhosh, Naeem Khan, Rashad Mukhtar Balal, Shahid Ali, Lorenzo Rossi, Celina Gómez, Neil Mattson, Wajid Nasim, and Francisco Garcia-Sanchez. "Insights into the Physiological and Biochemical Impacts of Salt Stress on Plant Growth and Development." Agronomy 10, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10070938.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Climate change is causing soil salinization, resulting in crop losses throughout the world. The ability of plants to tolerate salt stress is determined by multiple biochemical and molecular pathways. Here we discuss physiological, biochemical, and cellular modulations in plants in response to salt stress. Knowledge of these modulations can assist in assessing salt tolerance potential and the mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance in plants. Salinity-induced cellular damage is highly correlated with generation of reactive oxygen species, ionic imbalance, osmotic damage, and reduced relative water content. Accelerated antioxidant activities and osmotic adjustment by the formation of organic and inorganic osmolytes are significant and effective salinity tolerance mechanisms for crop plants. In addition, polyamines improve salt tolerance by regulating various physiological mechanisms, including rhizogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, maintenance of cell pH, and ionic homeostasis. This research project focuses on three strategies to augment salinity tolerance capacity in agricultural crops: salinity-induced alterations in signaling pathways; signaling of phytohormones, ion channels, and biosensors; and expression of ion transporter genes in crop plants (especially in comparison to halophytes).
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Isfatuzzaman Bhuyan, Md, K. M. Mehadi Hassan, Nowrose Jahan Lipi, Md Rafiq Uddin, Md Monirul Islam, Mahbuba Ferdous, Nazmul Hasan Antor, and Parna Das. "Screening of jute and kenaf varieties for salinity tolerance." International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 6, no. 2 (August 23, 2018): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v6i2.13773.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A study was conducted in the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh from April to August 2012 to examine the salinity tolerance of eight jute varieties (CVE-3, C-83, CVL-1, BJC-7370, O-795, O-9897, OM-1, O-72) and two kenaf varieties (HC-95 and HC-2). Initially germination of these varieties were evaluated under six salinity levels viz. 0mM, 20mM, 40mM, 60mM, 80mM, and 100mM NaCl in the seed laboratory of the Department of Agronomy. Afterwards, all the varieties was grown in pots in the net house under four salinity levels viz. 0mM, 25mM, 50mM, and 75mM. The results from the germination study revealed that under control condition (0mM NaCl) all the jute varieties showed germination more than 80% both at 7 and at 14 days after seed sowing, whereas kenaf varieties had germination a little less than 80%. Among the jute varieties, O-72 showed the highest germination (92%), which was statistically similar with those of OM-1(91%), O-795 (90%), and C-83(87%). Salinity stress decreased germination drastically in all of the jute and kenaf varieties. A salinity level of 100mM caused the highest germination inhibition (74.70%) in jute variety CVL-1, which was very close to those of BJC-7370 and O-72. On the other hand, the lowest germination inhibition (51.11%) was recorded in jute variety O-795. The results of the pot trail showed that the plant characters of jute and kenaf varieties were affected significantly by salinity stress. All the varieties produced their respective plant height, number of leaves per plant, and plant dry weight under control condition (no salinity). Among these varieties, CVE-3 produced the highest plant height (145.2cm), and total dry weight (22.55g), whereas O-72 produced the highest number of leaves per plant (24.67). All these plant characters decreased sharply due to salinity stress irrespective of variety. However, the rate of decrease of plant characters occurred differentially in the jute and kenaf varieties. The highest rate of decrease in number of leaves (74.22%) was found from the variety CVE-3, whereas the lowest one was recorded from the variety HC-2 (51.68%). Salinity stress caused the highest decrease in total plant dry weight (73.68%) in the variety CVL-1 and plant height (73.64%) also in the variety CVL-1. On the contrary, the lowest decrease in plant dry weight (50.99%) was found in the variety O-9897 and plant height also in variety O-9897 (50.88%). Based on the results from germination test and pot trail, it can be inferred that jute variety O-9897 appeared to be the most salt tolerant followed by O-795, HC-2, HC-95, CVE-3, O-72, C-83, BJC-7370, OM-1, and CVL-1.
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Wilson, J. Bastow, Warren McG King, Martin T. Sykes, and Trevor R. Partridge. "Vegetation zonation as related to the salt tolerance of species of brackish riverbanks." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 1079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nine riverbank species were grown in a range of salinities to estimate salt tolerances. These tolerances, and others calculated from previous studies, are compared with the species’ distributions upstream–downstream and upshore–downshore on brackish riverbanks. Downstream and downshore limits could predict the salt tolerance of the species, together accounting for 64% of the variation. Upstream and upshore limits accounted for 58%, but the relation with upstream limits was not statistically significant. There was a continuous range of tolerances. Keywords: adaptation, brackish marsh, ecological distribution, estuary, river marsh, RGR, salinity tolerance.
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Winter, U., G. O. Kirst, V. Grabowski, U. Heinemann, I. Plettner, and S. Wiese. "Salinity Tolerance in Nitellopsis obtusa." Australian Journal of Botany 47, no. 3 (1999): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt97091.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nitellopsis obtusa (Desv.) J. Groves collected from an oligohaline lake was subjected to long-term salinity treatments in the range of 1.1–17.6 psu (26–520 mosmol kg–1) by adding artificial sea salt to the lake water. The extent of turgor regulation and the solutes involved were estimated by examination of the vacuolar sap. Under salinity stress, N. obtusa did not show the capacity to accumulate K+ which enables euryhaline characeans to restore turgor pressure perfectly and brackish water species at least in part. The K+ concentration of the vacuolar sap remained constant at lower salinities but decreased with increasing salinity and time of exposure. An increase in πi by Na+ and Cl– could be considered an inefficient turgor response, but it is better explained as a failure to regulate osmotic potential and to inhibit influx of Na+ . Sucrose concentrations did not show clear relations to external salinity, but contributed 24% of the vacuolar πi in whorl cells and 16% in internodes. Provided that ionic ratios of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ in the water approximately correspond to seawater, N. obtusa can survive salinity fluctuations up to 17 psu for at least a week. For permanent growth, however, the distribution range of the species is restricted to oligohaline waters with salinities not exceeding 5 psu.
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Kosová, Klára, Pavel Vítámvás, Milan Oldřich Urban, and Ilja Tom Prášil. "Plant proteome responses to salinity stress – comparison of glycophytes and halophytes." Functional Plant Biology 40, no. 9 (2013): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp12375.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The review discusses impacts of salinity on proteome composition in both salinity-sensitive (glycophytic) and salinity-tolerant (halophytic) plants. Salinity response with respect to proteome changes is compared in glycophytes and halophytes with a special focus on specific strategies employed by halophytes to cope with high (above 200 mM NaCl) salt concentrations. The results of comparative proteomic studies aimed at determination of the differences in salinity response between related plant species with contrasting salinity tolerance (Arabidopsis thaliana vs Thellungiella salsuginea, common wheat vs its hybrid, rice vs Porteresia coarctata) are analysed. The comparative studies have revealed that salt-tolerant plants display an enhanced constitutive expression of several salt-responsive genes and fewer salinity-related disturbances in energy metabolism with respect to the salt-sensitive plants. In conclusion, recent results of comparative proteomic studies are summarised and possible ways of utilisation of the obtained results for an improvement of plant (crop) salt tolerance are discussed.
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Chi Hung, Thai, Hoang Thi Lan Xuan, Nguyen Thien Quang, and Nguyen Phuong Thao. "Expression alteration analyses in the transgenic Arabidopsis carrying soybean Histidine-containing phosphotransmitter gene under salinity stress condition." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/16190.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Productivity of many crops is highly vulnerable to extreme external conditions. Environmental stress factors such as drought and salinity have become more and more serious due to climate change and appear in many areas worldwide with higher frequency. As both drought and salinity belong to osmotic stress, they have similar negative effects on plant growth, development, and productivity as well as trigger similar stress responses by plants. In a previous study analyzing the expression profile in two soybean (Glycine max) cultivars with contrasting drought-tolerant phenotypes, a member of two-component system (TCS) in soybean, GmHP08, was proposed to associate with the plant tolerance capacity to drought. Subsequent in planta study confirmed its action as a positive regulator under drought conditions, as the transgenic Arabidopsis plants ectopically expressing GmHP08 acquired better drought tolerance. Following this, the presented research further explored the possible function of GmHP08 in mediating plant response to salinity. The obtained data from RT-qPCR analyses suggested that GmHP08 might positively enhance the salt tolerance of the Arabidopsis transgenic plants by altering the transcriptional abundance of several stress-related genes, including RD29A, RD29B, ABI5, SAG13, and CSD1. Activities of these genes are known to be associated with osmoprotection, senescence process, and antioxidation, which contribute to salt-tolerance ability of the transgenic plants. These results provided the first line of molecular evidence regarding GmHP08 function in plant response to salinity conditions. Therefore, extensive studies should be conducted in future studies to elaborate on the mechanisms by which this TCS member could improve various types of osmotic stress tolerance in plants.
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Gupta, Bhaskar, and Bingru Huang. "Mechanism of Salinity Tolerance in Plants: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Characterization." International Journal of Genomics 2014 (2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/701596.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting growth and productivity of plants in many areas of the world due to increasing use of poor quality of water for irrigation and soil salinization. Plant adaptation or tolerance to salinity stress involves complex physiological traits, metabolic pathways, and molecular or gene networks. A comprehensive understanding on how plants respond to salinity stress at different levels and an integrated approach of combining molecular tools with physiological and biochemical techniques are imperative for the development of salt-tolerant varieties of plants in salt-affected areas. Recent research has identified various adaptive responses to salinity stress at molecular, cellular, metabolic, and physiological levels, although mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance are far from being completely understood. This paper provides a comprehensive review of major research advances on biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms regulating plant adaptation and tolerance to salinity stress.
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Falakboland, Zhinous, Meixue Zhou, Fanrong Zeng, Ali Kiani-Pouya, Lana Shabala, and Sergey Shabala. "Plant ionic relation and whole-plant physiological responses to waterlogging, salinity and their combination in barley." Functional Plant Biology 44, no. 9 (2017): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp16385.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Waterlogging and salinity stresses significantly affect crop growth and global food production, and these stresses are often interrelated because waterlogging can lead to land salinisation by transporting salts to the surface. Although the physiological and molecular mechanisms of plant responses to each of these environmental constraints have been studied in detail, fewer studies have dealt with potential mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to the combined stress. This gap in knowledge is jeopardising the success of breeding programs. In the present work we studied the physiological and agronomical responses of 12 barley varieties contrasting in salinity stress tolerance to waterlogging (WL), salinity (NaCl) and combined (WL/NaCl) stresses. Stress damage symptoms were much greater in plants under combined WL/NaCl stress than those under separate stresses. The shoot biomass, chlorophyll content, maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII and shoot K+ concentration were significantly reduced under WL/NaCl conditions, whereas shoot Na+ concentration increased. Plants exposed to salinity stress showed lower damage indexes compared with WL. Chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm value showed the highest correlation with the stress damage index under WL/NaCl conditions (r = –0.751) compared with other measured physiological traits, so was nominated as a good parameter to rank the tolerance of varieties. Average FW was reduced to 73 ± 2, 52 ± 1 and 23 ± 2 percent of the control under NaCl, WL and combined WL/NaCl treatments respectively. Generally, the adverse effect of WL/NaCl stress was much greater in salt-sensitive varieties than in more tolerant varieties. Na+ concentrations of the shoot under control conditions were 97 ± 10 µmol g–1 DW, and increased to 1519 ± 123, 179 ± 11 and 2733 ± 248 µmol g–1 under NaCl, WL and combined WL/NaCl stresses respectively. K+ concentrations were 1378 ± 66, 1260 ± 74, 1270 ± 79 and 411 ± 92 µmol g–1 DW under control, NaCl, WL and combined WL/NaCl stresses respectively. No significant correlation was found between the overall salinity stress tolerance and amount of Na+ accumulated in plant shoots after 15 days of exposure to 250 mM NaCl stress. However, plants exposed to combined salinity and WL stress showed a negative correlation between shoot Na+ accumulation and extent of salinity damage. Overall, the reported results indicate that K+ reduction in the plants under combined WL/NaCl stress, but not stress-induced Na+ accumulation in the shoot, was the most critical feature in determining the overall plant performance under combined stress conditions.
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Nasrin, S., MA Mannan, MM Islam, SAKU Khan, and SMM Rahman. "Evaluation of Fifteen Tomato Germplasm For Salt Tolerance." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 24, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v24i2.58008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil salinity is a serious threat to crop productivity which influence growth and productivity of crop plants. Salt tolerance differ species to species and variety to variety. Therefore, this research work was initiated to investigate the influence of salinity levels on growth and yield of tomato genotypes and to select suitable variety for salt affected areas. A two factor poly house experiment was conducted in completely randomized design in Khulna University, Bangladesh, during November 2019 to March 2020. Factor one was consisted of fifteen tomato varieties including eight improved varieties developed by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) and seven cultivars collected from farmer’s field of Khulna region. Other factor was consisted of five levels of soil salinity viz. control, 4, 8, 12 and 16 dSm−1. Tomato genotypes and salinity usages both significantly dissimilar for the agro- morphogenic traits. The plant height, leaf traits and yield traits are negatively influenced by salinity level. The local variety Guli gave the highest plant height for all the treatments. Tomato var. BARI tomato-15 produced the maximum fruit weight plant-1 at control followed by 4dSm-1 and 8 dSm-1. Therefore, tomato var. BARI tomato-15 may be suitable for cultivation in the areas containing salinity up to 8 dSm-1. This may also help to further improve tomato cultivars in saline areas.
Bangladesh Agron. J. 2021, 24(2): 43-54
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EL FOULY, Mohamed M., Zeinab M. MOBARAK, and Zeinab A. SALAMA. "Improving Tolerance of Faba Bean during Early Growth Stages to Salinity through Micronutrients Foliar Spray." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 2, no. 2 (June 13, 2010): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb223701.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Salinity, either of soil or of irrigation water, causes disturbances in plant growth and nutrient balance. Previous work indicates that applying nutrients by foliar application increases tolerance to salinity. A pot experiment with three replicates was carried out in the green house of NRC, Cairo, Egypt, to study the effect of micronutrients foliar application on salt tolerance of faba bean. Two concentrations of a micronutrient compound (0.1% and 0.15%) were sprayed in two different treatments prior to or after the salinity treatments. Levels of NaCl (0.00-1000-2000-5000 ppm) were supplied to irrigation water. Results indicated that 2000 and 5000 ppm NaCl inhibited growth and nutrient uptake. Spraying micronutrients could restore the negative effect of salinity on dry weight and nutrients uptake, when sprayed either before or after the salinity treatments. It is suggested that micronutrient foliar sprays could be used to improve plant tolerance to salinity.
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Hassan, Salah M., Majeed D. M., Abdo-Wehab M. Whaeb, Suad M. Majeed, and Ibrahim I. H. Al-Mashhadani. "Test the Development in Salt Tolerance in Two Selected Genotypes of Wheat." Journal of Biotechnology Research Center 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2012.6.1.201.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The genetic development for salt tolerance in wheat is very important approach for the plant breeder to overcome salinity problem. Estimation of salt tolerance by two selected genotypes of wheat (4H, N5) was conducted in plastic house as compared with the local cultivars Tamoz 2 to know the development that happened in salt tolerance in these genotypes through the plant breeding programs. The experiment was conducted in pots using four salinity levels (2, 5, 10, 15)ds/m. The experimental design was RCBD with three blocks. Results indicated that both selected genotypes were significantly superior in all measured characters to check cultivar at all salinity levels. There were differences between the two selected genotypes in different traits, but not significant especially at high salinity levels. At these salinity levels, the selected genotypes had more growth in shoots and roots. The differences between the two selected genotypes and the check cultivar in all characters increased in high salinity level. In conclusion, there were genetically improvements with aspect to salt tolerance achieved in selected genotypes through breeding and improvement programs.
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Xuan, Hoang Thi Lan, and Nguyen Phuong Thao. "Important analyzing parameters in the assessment of salt tolerance in plants." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 19, no. 2 (August 2, 2021): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/15370.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Maximal crop performance potential and land area suitable for cultivation are usually restricted by adverse environmental conditions. Among the abiotic factors, salinity stress is considered as one of the main threats, which causes ionic toxicity, dehydration and oxidative stresses on the plants. Alarmingly, the impact of salinity is predicted to be more severe in the forthcoming years due to global warming. Therefore, development of new cultivars with better salinity resistance with mimimized yield penalty under the adverse condition, either by breeding or genetic engineering approach, has attracted a great attention from the scientists. In this review, important parameters used in evaluation of plant resistance ability against salinity stress are discussed, which highlights the necessity to obtain multi-sets of biological data ranging from analyses of morphological alterations to physiological, biochemical and molecular responses, as well as by performing -omics studies to find out network of salinity-responsive pathways. Literature review also demonstrates that the relevance of salinity condition setup in terms of concentration and duration is required in experimental design. Furthermore, recent investigations on genome duplication, activities of non-coding sequence or epigenetics also reveal their regulatory roles in shaping plant response and tolerance degree toward salinity stress. Collection of such data not only contributes to widen scientific understanding of plant response mechanisms and adaptation to this stress factor but also facilitates the identification of important genes associating with plant tolerance to salinity. Therefore, the presented information could be used as a reference for the salinity stress-related studies serving for crop innovation and transgene function characterization.
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Zhu, Min, Meixue Zhou, Lana Shabala, and Sergey Shabala. "Linking osmotic adjustment and stomatal characteristics with salinity stress tolerance in contrasting barley accessions." Functional Plant Biology 42, no. 3 (2015): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp14209.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Salinity tolerance is a complex trait – both physiologically and genetically – and the issue of which mechanism or trait has bigger contribution towards the overall plant performance is still hotly discussed in the literature. In this work, a broad range of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. and Hordeum spontaneum L.) genotypes contrasting in salinity stress tolerance were used to investigate the causal link between plant stomatal characteristics, tissue ion relations, and salinity tolerance. In total, 46 genotypes (including two wild barleys) were grown under glasshouse conditions and exposed to moderate salinity stress (200mM NaCl) for 5 weeks. The overall salinity tolerance correlated positively with stomata density, leaf K+ concentration and the relative contribution of inorganic ions towards osmotic adjustment in the shoot. At the same time, no correlation between salinity tolerance and stomatal conductance or leaf Na+ content in the shoot was found. Taken together, these results indicate the importance of increasing stomata density as an adaptive tool to optimise efficiency of CO2 assimilation under moderate saline conditions, as well as benefits of the predominant use of inorganic osmolytes for osmotic adjustment in barley. Another finding of note was that wild barleys showed rather different strategies dealing with salinity, as compared with cultivated varieties.
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Kosová, Klára, Ilja Prášil, and Pavel Vítámvás. "Protein Contribution to Plant Salinity Response and Tolerance Acquisition." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14, no. 4 (March 26, 2013): 6757–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms14046757.
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Liu, Minmin, Huiyang Yu, Bo Ouyang, Chunmei Shi, Vadim Demidchik, Zhifeng Hao, Min Yu, and Sergey Shabala. "NADPH oxidases and the evolution of plant salinity tolerance." Plant, Cell & Environment 43, no. 12 (October 26, 2020): 2957–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.13907.
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Jayakannan, Maheswari, Jayakumar Bose, Olga Babourina, Zed Rengel, and Sergey Shabala. "Salicylic acid in plant salinity stress signalling and tolerance." Plant Growth Regulation 76, no. 1 (January 23, 2015): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10725-015-0028-z.
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Kalaji, Hazem M., Magdalena D. Cetner, Izabela A. Samborska, Izabela Lukasik, Abdallah Oukarroum, Szymon Rusinowski, Stefan Pietkiewicz, Michał Świątek, and Piotr Dąbrowski. "Effective microorganisms impact on photosynthetic activity of Arabidopsis plant grown under salinity stress conditions." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. Land Reclamation 48, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sggw-2016-0012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Effective microorganisms impact on photosynthetic activity of Arabidopsis plant grown under salinity stress conditions. Salinity is one of the main abiotic stressors which affects plant growth through various physiological processes such as photosynthesis. The aim of this work is to study the impact of salinity stress on Arabidopsis plants by evaluating plant growth rate and photosynthetic activity, while investigating the influence of effective microorganisms (EMs) with the objective to determine if EMs could alleviate the induced stress affiliated with salinity. Results showed that salinity negatively affects photosynthesis efficiency in Arabidopsis plants based on the data obtained from the measured chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Additionally, application of EMs enhanced plant tolerance to counteract the induced stress. Effective microorganisms concentration of 10 mL/L suggested to bring about the best results. This work advocates, that quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) is a reliable indicator for tolerance in Arabidopsis plants to salinity stress, the impact of which may be softened by the EMs.
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Bolton, Adam, and Philipp Simon. "Variation for Salinity Tolerance During Seed Germination in Diverse Carrot [Daucus carota (L.)] Germplasm." HortScience 54, no. 1 (January 2019): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13333-18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Global carrot production is limited by the crop’s high susceptibility to salinity stress. Not much public research has been conducted to screen for genetic salinity stress tolerance in carrot, and few resources exist to aid plant breeders in improving salinity tolerance in carrot. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the response of diverse carrot germplasm to salinity stress, identify salt-tolerant carrot germplasm that may be used by breeders, and define appropriate screening criteria for assessing salt tolerance in germinating carrot seed. Carrot plant introductions (PIs) (n = 273) from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Plant Germplasm System representing 41 different countries, inbred lines from the USDA Agricultural Research Service (n = 16), and widely grown commercial hybrids (n = 5) were screened for salinity tolerance under salinity stress and nonstress conditions (150 and 0 mm NaCl, respectively) by measuring the absolute decrease (AD) in the percent of germination, inhibition index (II), relative salt tolerance (RST), and salt tolerance index (STI) of germinating seeds. All salt tolerance measurements differed significantly between accessions; AD ranged from −4.2% to 93.0%; II ranged from −8.0% to 100.0%; RST ranged from 0.0 to 1.08; and STI ranged from 0.0 to 1.38. Broad sense heritability calculations for these measurements were 0.87 or more, indicating a strong genetic contribution to the variation observed. Six accessions identified as salt-tolerant or salt-susceptible were evaluated in a subsequent experiment conducted at salt concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mm NaCl. Variations between mean AD, II, RST, and STI of tolerant and susceptible lines were greatest at 150 mm NaCl, validating the use of 150 mm NaCl concentrations during salt tolerance screening of carrot seed. Wild carrot accessions displayed little tolerance, and PI 256066, PI 652253, PI 652402, and PI 652405 from Turkey were most salt-tolerant.
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Siddiky, MA, MS Khan, Md Mostafizur Rahman, and M. Khabir Uddin. "Performance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) germplasm to salinity stress." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 44, no. 2 (October 13, 2018): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i2.38507.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A solution culture experiment was conducted to screen out 16 Bangladeshi tomato germplasm for salinity tolerance with respect to severity of leaf symptoms, shoot and root dry matter production, fruit yield, shoot Na+, K+, Ca2+ accumulation and their respective ratios by exposing up to 120 mM NaCl. The salinity tolerance scale ranged from 1.0 (most tolerant) to 3.5 (most sensitive). Based on the severity of leaf symptoms, “BT14 (BARI Tomato 14)” and “BHT5 (BARI Hybrid Tomato 5)” were found to be most tolerant germplasm to salinity with score 1.0. Reduction of dry weight was found to be 19% (shoot) and 15% (root) in BT14 and BHT5, 30 - 76% (shoot) and 27 - 83% (root) in other germplasm. Higher correlation was found between salinity tolerance scale classes and the reduction of shoot/root dry weight, Na+ concentration, K+/Na+, and Ca2+/Na+ ratios in BT14 and BHT5 germplasm. The fruit yield of BT14 and BHT5 germplasm was less and decreases with high salinity. Thus, “BT14” and “BHT5” can be regarded as a breeding material for development of new tomato varieties resistant to salinity.
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Pratiwi, H., R. T. Hapsari, N. Nugrahaeni, and R. Iswanto. "Mungbean germplasms tolerance to salinity stress correlated with age character and potential yield." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 948, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/948/1/012038.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Mungbean is of the important legume commodity in Indonesia, however the production is still encountering the abiotic salinity stress. Fifty mungbean accessions were evaluated for the salinity tolerance at Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI). The experimental was arranged in Split Plot Design consisted of two factors and three replications. The main plot was two environments, normal and salinity stress that was applied using diluted seawater, while the subplot was mungbean accessions. The parameters including soil electrical conductivity, time to first flowering and seed maturation, plant height, leaf chlorophyll index, salinity toxicity score, and seed yield per plant were observed. Salinity stress decreased mungbean seed yield with ranged from 61.33 - 100%. The highest stress tolerance index (STI) were found in Vima 4-MLGV 1118 (STI=0.58) and MLGV 1065 (STI=0.53). Five accessions did not able to produce any seed. Mungbean accessions tolerance to salinity stress was negatively correlated with the time of first flowering and seed maturation, while it was positively correlated with potential yield both in normal and salinity stress. It is suggested that selection and evaluation of mungbean to salinity stress in the future should be categorized both by the plant age and potential yield.
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Borjigin, Chana, Rhiannon K. Schilling, Nathaniel Jewell, Chris Brien, Juan Carlos Sanchez-Ferrero, Paul J. Eckermann, Nathan S. Watson-Haigh, Bettina Berger, Allison S. Pearson, and Stuart J. Roy. "Identifying the genetic control of salinity tolerance in the bread wheat landrace Mocho de Espiga Branca." Functional Plant Biology 48, no. 11 (2021): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp21140.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Salinity tolerance in bread wheat is frequently reported to be associated with low leaf sodium (Na+) concentrations. However, the Portuguese landrace, Mocho de Espiga Branca, accumulates significantly higher leaf Na+ but has comparable salinity tolerance to commercial bread wheat cultivars. To determine the genetic loci associated with the salinity tolerance of this landrace, an F2 mapping population was developed by crossing Mocho de Espiga Branca with the Australian cultivar Gladius. The population was phenotyped for 19 salinity tolerance subtraits using both non-destructive and destructive techniques. Genotyping was performed using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Genomic regions associated with salinity tolerance were detected on chromosomes 1A, 1D, 4B and 5A for the subtraits of relative and absolute growth rate (RGR, AGR respectively), and on chromosome 2A, 2B, 4D and 5D for Na+, potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl−) accumulation. Candidate genes that encode proteins associated with salinity tolerance were identified within the loci including Na+/H+ antiporters, K+ channels, H+-ATPase, calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs), calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and calcium-transporting ATPase. This study provides a new insight into the genetic control of salinity tolerance in a Na+ accumulating bread wheat to assist with the future development of salt tolerant cultivars.
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Cao, Yongce, Xincao Zhang, Shihao Jia, Benjamin Karikari, Mingjun Zhang, Zhangyi Xia, Tuanjie Zhao, and Fuqin Liang. "Genome-wide association among soybean accessions for the genetic basis of salinity-alkalinity tolerance during germination." Crop and Pasture Science 72, no. 4 (2021): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20459.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Salinity-alkalinity stress is one of the main factors limiting crop growth and production. However, few genetic sources that can be used to improve soybean salinity-alkalinity tolerance are available. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic mechanisms for salinity-alkalinity tolerance in soybean during germination by a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 281 accessions with 58112 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Four salinity-alkalinity tolerance (ST) indices namely ST-GR (germination ratio), ST-RFW (root fresh weight), ST-DRW (root dry weight), and ST-RL (root length) were used to assess soybean salinity-alkalinity tolerance. A total of 8, 4, 6, and 4 quantitative trait loci (QTL) accounted for 3.83–8.01% phenotypic variation in ST-GR, ST-RL, ST-RFW, and ST-RDW, respectively. Two common QTL (qST.5.1 and qST.16.1) associated with at least three indices located on chromosome 5 (~38.4 Mb) and chromosome 16 (~29.8 Mb), were determined as important loci for controlling salinity-alkalinity tolerance in soybean. We also predicted candidate genes for the two QTL. The significant SNPs and common QTL as well as the salinity-alkalinity tolerant accessions will improve the efficiency of marker-assisted breeding and candidate gene discovery for soybean salinity-alkalinity tolerance.
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Volkmar, K. M., Y. Hu, and H. Steppuhn. "Physiological responses of plants to salinity: A review." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Root-zone salinization presents a challenge to plant productivity that is effectively countered by salt-tolerant halophytic plants, but unfortunately, much less successfully by major crop plants. The way in which salt affects plant metabolism is reviewed. Cellular events triggered by salinity, namely salt compartmentation, osmotic adjustment and cell wall hardening are connected to the whole plant responses, namely leaf necrosis, altered phenology and ultimately plant death. The roles of ion exclusion and K/Na discrimination in mediating crop response to salt appear to be central to the tolerance response, but they are by no means essential. The processes involved in regulating ion uptake at the membrane level are considered. Recent work elucidating the interaction between calcium and salinity tolerance is reviewed. Key words: Cell growth, cell turgor, ion regulation, K+/Na+ discrimination, osmotic adjustment, salt tolerance
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Bartels, Dorothea, and Challabathula Dinakar. "Balancing salinity stress responses in halophytes and non-halophytes: a comparison between Thellungiella and Arabidopsis thaliana." Functional Plant Biology 40, no. 9 (2013): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp12299.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress factors that drastically reduces agricultural productivity. In natural environments salinity often occurs together with other stresses such as dehydration, light stress or high temperature. Plants cope with ionic stress, dehydration and osmotic stress caused by high salinity through a variety of mechanisms at different levels involving physiological, biochemical and molecular processes. Halophytic plants exist successfully in stressful saline environments, but most of the terrestrial plants including all crop plants are glycophytes with varying levels of salt tolerance. An array of physiological, structural and biochemical adaptations in halophytes make them suitable models to study the molecular mechanisms associated with salinity tolerance. Comparative analysis of plants that differ in their abilities to tolerate salinity will aid in better understanding the phenomenon of salinity tolerance. The halophyte Thellungiella salsuginea has been used as a model for studying plant salt tolerance. In this review, T. salsuginea and the glycophyte Arabidopsis thaliana are compared with regards to their biochemical, physiological and molecular responses to salinity. In addition recent developments are presented for improvement of salinity tolerance in glycophytic plants using genes from halophytes.
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Misic, Danijela, B. Siler, Biljana Filipovic, Zorica Popovic, Suzana Zivkovic, Tijana Cvetic, and A. Mijovic. "Rapid in vitro selection of salt-tolerant genotypes of the potentially medicinal plant Centaurium maritimum (L.) fritsch." Archives of Biological Sciences 61, no. 1 (2009): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0901057m.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We investigated differences of salinity tolerance between 'salt-tolerant' (ST) and 'salt-sensitive' (SS) genotypes of yellow centaury [Centaurium maritimum (L.) Fritsch] selected during the germination phase. The ability of in vitro cultured C. maritimum to complete the whole ontogenetic cycle in less than 6 months enabled us to deterine salinity tolerance during different growth phases. Based on the physiological attributes measured in this study (growth, morphogenesis, photosynthesis, flowering, seed germination), it can be concluded that C. maritimum genotypes differing in salinity tolerance showed a variable response to elevated salt concentrations during both the vegetative and the generative growth phase.
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Lamichhane, Suman, Jasper B. Alpuerto, Abigail Han, and Takeshi Fukao. "The Central Negative Regulator of Flooding Tolerance, the PROTEOLYSIS 6 Branch of the N-degron Pathway, Adversely Modulates Salinity Tolerance in Arabidopsis." Plants 9, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111415.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seawater intrusion in coastal regions and waterlogging in salinized lands are serious constraints that reduce crop productivity under changing climate scenarios. Under these conditions, plants encounter flooding and salinity concurrently or sequentially. Identification and characterization of genes and pathways associated with both flooding and salinity adaptation are critical steps for the simultaneous improvement of plant tolerance to these stresses. The PROTEOLYSIS 6 (PRT6) branch of the N-degron pathway is a well-characterized process that negatively regulates flooding tolerance in plants. Here, we determined the role of the PRT6/N-degron pathway in salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis. This study demonstrates that the prt6 mutation enhances salinity tolerance at the germination, seedling, and adult plant stages. Maintenance of chlorophyll content and root growth under high salt in the prt6 mutant was linked with the restricted accumulation of sodium ions (Na+) in shoots and roots of the mutant genotype. The prt6 mutation also stimulated mRNA accumulation of key transcription factors in ABA-dependent and independent pathways of osmotic/salinity tolerance, accompanied by the prominent expression of their downstream genes. Furthermore, the prt6 mutant displayed increased sensitivity to ethylene and brassinosteroids, which can suppress Na+ uptake and promote the expression of stress-responsive genes. This study provides genetic evidence that both salinity and flooding tolerance is coordinated through a common regulatory pathway in Arabidopsis.
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Al-Harrasi, Ibtisam, Himanshu V. Patankar, Rashid Al-Yahyai, Ramanjulu Sunkar, Pannaga Krishnamurthy, Prakash P. Kumar, and Mahmoud W. Yaish. "Molecular Characterization of a Date Palm Vascular Highway 1-Interacting Kinase (PdVIK) under Abiotic Stresses." Genes 11, no. 5 (May 19, 2020): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11050568.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The date palm (Khalas) is an extremophile plant that can adapt to various abiotic stresses including drought and salinity. Salinity tolerance is a complex trait controlled by numerous genes. Identification and functional characterization of salt-responsive genes from the date palm is fundamental to understand salinity tolerance at the molecular level in this plant species. In this study, a salt-inducible vascular highway 1-interacting kinase (PdVIK) that is a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) gene from the date palm, was functionally characterized using in vitro and in vivo strategies. PdVIK, one of the 597 kinases encoded by the date palm genome possesses an ankyrin repeat domain and a kinase domain. The recombinant PdVIK protein exhibited phosphotyrosine activity against myelin basic protein (MBP) substrate. Overexpression of PdVIK in yeast significantly improved its tolerance to salinity, LiCl, and oxidative stresses. Transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings overexpressing PdVIK displayed improved tolerance to salinity, osmotic, and oxidative stresses as assessed by root growth assay. The transgenic lines grown in the soil also displayed modulated salt response, compared to wild-type controls as evaluated by the overall plant growth and proline levels. Likewise, the transgenic lines exhibited drought tolerance by maintaining better relative water content (RWC) compared to non-transgenic control plants. Collectively, these results implicate the involvement of PdVIK in modulating the abiotic stress response of the date palm.
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Koch, Matthew J., and Stacy A. Bonos. "Correlation of Three Salinity Tolerance Screening Methods for Cool-season Turfgrasses." HortScience 46, no. 8 (August 2011): 1198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.8.1198.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The identification of turfgrasses with salinity tolerance will be important for the successful implementation of saline irrigation water use on turfgrass sites. Salinity tolerance in turfgrasses has been evaluated using different techniques, including hydroponic and overhead irrigation methods. This study compared turfgrass response and efficiency of three different salinity screening methods: hydroponic, an overhead irrigation greenhouse method, and a field screening method. There was a significant correlation among all three methods for percent green ratings and a significant correlation between the two greenhouse techniques for dry clipping weights, dry shoot weights, and dry root weights. A difference in magnitude was observed between methods. The overhead-irrigated greenhouse and field methods had lower percent green value ratings than the hydroponic method. However, similar rankings among perennial ryegrass clones were found between methods indicating that numerous methods can be used to screen turfgrass germplasm for salinity tolerance with similar results. The cost, time, and available area required and reliability varied depending on the method with the field screening requiring the most area (929 cm2 per plant) and cost ($23.18 per plant) and the hydroponic method requiring the most time (48.3 min per plant). However, these results indicate any of these methods should be sufficient to screen germplasm for salinity tolerance. This information will be useful to plant breeding programs choosing selection methods for germplasm screening.