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1
Šimonová, E., M. Henselová, and P. Zahradník. "Benzothiazole derivatives substituted in position 2 as biologically active substances with plant growth regulation activity." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 11 (November 20, 2011): 496–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3623-pse.
Анотація:
Thirteen of the new synthetized 2-R substituted benzothiazole derivatives have been tested for plant growth regulatory (PGR) activity. The effect on growth elongation was studied on wheat coleoptile segments Triticum aestivum L. cv. Blava, and on the hypocotyl and roots in cucumber Cucumis sativum L. cv. Evita. The formation and number of adventitious roots and the length of hypocotyl in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek and, the effect on the length of stem, fresh and dry mass in buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. cv. Pyra were evaluated. Cytokinin activity was determined on segments of barley leaves Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Jubilant on the basis of senescence inhibition and chlorophyll content. The benzothiazole derivatives were tested in the range of 10<sup>–3</sup>–10<sup>–7</sup>M concentrations, and PGR activity was compared with indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and 6-furfurylaminopurine. All tested derivatives showed different auxine-like effects on elongation growth of plants and the stimulative effects were found to depend on applicable concentrations. At higher concentration rates, derivatives acted as growth retardants and inhibited the length of cucumber hypocotyl and roots. The derivatives increased the formation of adventitious roots of mung bean hypocotyl cuttings, as well as stem elongation and production of fresh and dry mass of buckwheat. Cytokinin activity was confirmed in one derivate only with a significant effect on the inhibition of leaf senescence and higher chlorophyll content. The tested benzothiazole derivatives may be characterized as biologically active substances with dominant auxine-like growth promoting activity
2
Kremer, Robert J. "Antimicrobial Activity of Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Seeds." Weed Science 34, no. 4 (July 1986): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500067540.
Анотація:
Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik. # ABUTH) seeds were bioassayed on 241 microbial isolates to assess their antimicrobial activity. Seeds placed on agar plates inoculated with test microorganisms released a diffusible substance(s) that inhibited the growth of 117 of 202 (58%) bacteria and all of the fungi tested. Antimicrobial activity of the seeds appeared to be nonselective as the extent of inhibition was not related to type of microorganism nor their origin. Hard, water-impermeable seeds had greater inhibitory activity than imbibed (soft) seeds. The intensity of inhibition was affected by prior leaching of seeds with various solvents and by the stage of seed development. Chemical analysis of diffusion zones from agar plates and seed leachates revealed the presence of phenolic compounds. The presence of antimicrobial substances in velvetleaf seeds may contribute to the persistence of viable seeds in soil by inhibiting potential seed-deteriorating microorganisms.
3
Akshit K. Lohan, Ranjana Juwantha, Mohit Singh Bisht Jalaj Saxena, and Pooja Kapoor. "Evaluation of Botanicals of Invasive Plant Species and Fungicides against Fungal Pathogens of Forest Nursery." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1009.018.
Анотація:
Investigation of plants that possess natural antimicrobial substances for plant protection has been recognized as a promising disease management strategy. Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani, Macrophomina spp., and Pestalotiopsis spp. isolated from diverse hosts such as Azadirachta indica, Melia dubia, Saraca indica and Quercus leucotrichophora produce important diseases in forest nurseries such as leaf blight, leaf spot, and wilt. In this study, botanicals from two invasive plant species, Ageratina adenophora and Ageratum conyzoides, were prepared and tested against plant diseases. Two botanicals (Methanolic extract obtained from the leaves of these two invasive species) and two fungicides were evaluated for their fungal growth inhibitory effects. At 1.5 percent concentration, the methanolic extract of Ageratina adenophora was found highly effective, inhibiting the growth of Macrophomina spp., (71.94%) followed by Pestalotiopsis spp. (70.20%), Alternaria alternate (51.92%) and Fusarium solani (47.03%). Whereas, Systemic chemical fungicide Thiophanate methylat 1.5% concentration showed maximum mycelial growth inhibition of Alternaria alternata (77.20%) and Macrophomina spp. (82.43%) and being deadlier to Pestalotiopsis spp. (100%) and Fusarium solani (100%). Their comparative analysis showed that higher doses of Ageratina adenophora caused either more or almost equal pathogen growth inhibition than lower doses of Chlorothalonil for certain fungi. Thus, promoting eco-friendly disease management strategies such as botanical control would be beneficial in reducing the need for pesticides.
4
Anggraini, Fitri, Mieke Hemiawati Satari, and Marry Siti Mariam. "Bacterial inhibition test of methanolic extracts of strawberry (Fragraia x ananassa Duchesne), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), and radish (Raphanus sativus L.), towards Streptococcus Sanguis ATCC 10556." Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 30, no. 2 (July 31, 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol30no2.18325.
Анотація:
Introduction: Caries are initiated by the plaque formation on the tooth surface, due to the interaction between food debris and bacteria in the mouth. The pioneer bacterium of plaque formation is Streptococcus sanguis. The Strawberry fruit, lime fruit, and radish root are part of the plant that contains antibacterial substances. Flavonoid, tannin, saponin, alkaloid, polyphenol, terpenoid and quinon as antibacterial substances. This study aimed to evaluate strawberry fruit, lime fruit, and radish root methanol extract can inhibit Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556. Therefore, strawberry, lime, and radish can be made into mouthwash, bubble gum, or toothpaste to prevent plaque formation. Methods: This study used a Kirby-Bauer diffusion test as the inhibition test. Results: The result of this study that the biggest inhibition zone was lime methanol extract 20,000 ppm, and the smallest one was radish methanol extract 5,000 ppm. Conclusion: Strawberry fruit, lime fruit peel, and radish root methanol extract and their combination had the effect of inhibiting bacterial growth synergistically against Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556.
5
Paguirigan, Jaycee A., Rundong Liu, Seong Mi Im, Jae-Seoun Hur, and Wonyong Kim. "Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties of Lichen Substances against Plant Pathogens." Plant Pathology Journal 38, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/ppj.oa.12.2021.0176.
Анотація:
Plant pathogens pose major threats on agriculture and horticulture, causing significant economic loss worldwide. Due to the continuous and excessive use of synthetic pesticides, emergence of pesticide resistant pathogens has become more frequent. Thus, there is a growing needs for environmentally-friendly and selective antimicrobial agents with a novel mode of action, which may be used in combination with conventional pesticides to delay development of pesticide resistance. In this study, we evaluated the potentials of lichen substances as novel biopesticides against eight bacterial and twelve fungal plant pathogens that have historically caused significant phytopathological problems in South Korea. Eight lichen substances of diverse chemical origins were extracted from axenic culture or dried specimen, and further purified for comparative analysis of their antimicrobial properties. Usnic acid and vulpinic acid exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. In addition, usnic acid and vulpinic acid were highly effective in the growth inhibition of fungal pathogens, such as Diaporthe eres, D. actinidiae, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Intriguingly, the growth of Rhizoctonia solani was specifically inhibited by lecanoric acid, indicating that lichen substances exhibit some degrees of selectivity to plant pathogens. These results suggested that lichen substance can be used as a selective biopesticide for controlling plant disease of agricultural and horticultural significance, minimizing possible emergence of pesticide resistant pathogens in fields.
6
Epstein, James, Edward J. Desjardins, Peter L. Hudson, and Patricia K. Donahoe. "Stainless steel mesh supports high density cell growth and production of recombinant Mullerian Inhibiting Substances." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology 25, no. 2 (February 1989): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02626181.
7
Cesa-Luna, Catherine, Antonino Baez, Verónica Quintero-Hernández, Joel De la Cruz-Enríquez, Ma Dolores Castañeda-Antonio, and Jesús Muñoz-Rojas. "The importance of antimicrobial compounds produced by beneficial bacteria on the biocontrol of phytopathogens." Acta Biológica Colombiana 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v25n1.76867.
Анотація:
Bacteria produce antimicrobial compounds to compete for nutrients and space in a particular habitat. Antagonistic interactions can be evaluated by several methodologies including the double-layer agar and simultaneous inhibition assays. Among the well-known inhibitory substances produced by bacteria are the broad-spectrum antibiotics, organic acids, siderophores, antifungal, and bacteriocins. The most studied bacterial genera able to produce these inhibitory substances are Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Streptomyces, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Escherichia, and Burkholderia. Some beneficial bacteria can promote plant growth and degrade toxic compounds in the environment representing an attractive solution to diverse issues in agriculture and soil pollution, particularly in fields with damaged soils where pesticides and fertilizers have been indiscriminately used. Beneficial bacteria may increase plant health by inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms; some examples include Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Azospirullum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas protegens, and Burkholderia tropica. However, most studies showing the antagonistic potential of these bacteria have been performed in vitro, and just a few of them have been evaluated in association with plants. Several inhibitory substances involved in pathogen antagonism have not been elucidated yet; in fact, we know only 1 % of the bacterial diversity in a natural environment leading us to assume that many other inhibitory substances remain unexplored. In this review, we will describe the characteristics of some antimicrobial compounds produced by beneficial bacteria, the principal methodologies performed to evaluate their production, modes of action, and their importance for biotechnological purposes.
8
Islam, A. K. M. Mominul, Osamu Ohno, Kiyotake Suenaga, and Hisashi Kato-Noguchi. "Suaveolic Acid: A Potent Phytotoxic Substance ofHyptis suaveolens." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/425942.
Анотація:
Hyptis suaveolens(Lamiaceae) is an exotic invasive plant in many countries. Earlier studies reported that the aqueous, methanol, and aqueous methanol extract ofH. suaveolensand its residues have phytotoxic properties. However, to date, the phytotoxic substances of this plant have not been reported. Therefore, the objectives of this study were isolation and identification of phytotoxic substances ofH. suaveolens. Aqueous methanol extract of this plant was purified by several chromatographic runs through bioassay guided fractionation using garden cress (Lepidium sativum) as a test plant. Final purification of a phytotoxic substance was achieved by reverse phase HPLC and characterized as 14α-hydroxy-13β-abiet-8-en-18-oic acid (suaveolic acid) by high-resolution ESI-MS,1H-,13C-NMR, CD, and specific rotation. Suaveolic acid inhibited the shoot growth of garden cress, lettuce (Lactuca sativa), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) at concentrations greater than 30 µM. Root growth of all but lettuce was also inhibited at concentrations greater than 30 µM. The inhibitory activities were concentration dependent. Concentrations required for 50% growth inhibition of suaveolic acid for those test plant species were ranged from 76 to 1155 µM. Therefore, suaveolic acid is phytotoxic and may be responsible for the phytotoxicity ofH. suaveolensplant extracts.
9
Robert, Jean-Claude, and Jean-Paul Bret. "Release of an inhibitor of stipe elongation from illuminated caps of Coprinus congregatus mushrooms." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-063.
Анотація:
Inhibition of stipe growth by a substance or substances produced in the cap of Coprinus congregatus fruit bodies cultivated in continuous light has been confirmed. Caps in which maturation was induced or prevented were transferred to decapitated stipes from normally growing sporophores. Stipes were most sensitive to inhibition when treated 16–18 h before maturity. Caps from continuous-light primordia only a few hours older than the photoinhibited stage were most inhibitory. When normal primordium maturation was induced by darkness followed by light, the inhibitor disappeared from the caps 18–20 h before maturity.
10
Safni, Irda, and Widya Antastia. "In vitro antagonism of five rhizobacterial species against athelia rolfsii collar rot disease in soybean." Open Agriculture 3, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2018-0028.
Анотація:
Abstract Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) influence plant growth by a number of direct (producing plant growth promoting substances) and indirect (through prevention of deleterious effects of phytopathogenic microorganisms) mechanisms. Five species of bacteria were isolated from rhizospheric soils of soybean and peanut fields from several locations in North Sumatra. On the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics, the bacteria were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila, Burkholderia cepacia, Serratia ficaria, Pantoea spp. 2, and Vibrio alginolyticus. These species were tested in vitro against the causal pathogen of collar rot disease of soybean, Athelia rolfsii, which is an important soybean disease in Indonesia. The five species of bacteria were subjected to screening of antagonistic activities against A. rolfsii in vitro with a dual culture-technique. Of the five species, B. cepacia, S. ficaria and V. alginolyticus were the most effective antagonistic bacteria to control A. rolfsii. B. cepacia, S. ficaria and V. algynolitycus produced inhibiting zones against A. rolfsii of 98.35%, 97.83% and 96.97% respectively. All bacterial species showed their antagonistic activity significantly with the inhibiting zone percentage being more than 60%. The experimental results suggested that all bacterial species have a future potency as a biocontrol agent to reduce A. rolfsii collar rot disease of soybean
11
Raskil’dina, Gul’nara Z., Yulianna G. Borisova, Natalia N. Mikhaiylova, Semyon S. Zlotskiy, Louise M. Mryasova, and Vyacheslav M. Kuznetsov. "PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS BASED ON CYCLIC KETALS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.2017601.5475.
Анотація:
For citation:Raskil’dinaG.Z., BorisovaY.G., MikhailovaN.N., MryasovaL.M., KuznetsovV.M., ZlotskiyS.S. Plant growth regulators based on cyclic ketals and their derivatives. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 1. P. 95-101.Low toxicity of polyfunctional 1,3-dioxocyclicalkanes to soil bacteria allows to consider the compounds of this class as perspective herbicides. In this regard, we studied the herbicidal activity of a series of substituted cyclic ketals, their derivatives and alkenylmalonates. On the basis of commercially available triols the corresponding cyclic ketals were obtained with a yield more than 90%. O-alkylation of alcohol according to the methods led to the corresponding ethers and esters. The glycerol monoethers were obtained quantitatively by acid hydrolysis of ketals. Growth-regulatory activity of the synthesized compounds was determined in vitro on wheat and pea seedlings according to a known procedure (aromatic solvent - nefras A 150/330, surfactant - oxyethylated izononilfenol neonol AF-9-12). Evaluation of herbicidal activity of preparations was carried out in the laboratory. During 3 days length (L, mm) and weight (m, g) seedlings in comparison with the control option was measured. Without herbicide on seedlings the monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants are placed in Petri dishes containing water emulsion of active substances with a concentration of 5 mg / l and 10 mg / l for peas and 50 mg / l and 100 mg / l for wheat. As a reference well-known herbicide, Oktapon Extra, was used. The diol with allyloxy-diol group showed the best results towards wheat. This compound successfully inhibits the increase in the length and weight of escape and gives close results to the standard. For peas, ketals and derivatives thereof are effective only in terms of inhibition of the shoot masses. Heterocyclic alcohol and glycols are superior to the standard, and a ketal at a concentration of 10 mg / l practically corresponds to it. Alkenylmalonates were more effective in inhibiting the escape weight wheat than peas. In particular, at a concentration of 100mg / l effectiveness of methallyl derivatives of trans-1,3-dichloropropene coincides to the standard. Physical and chemical characteristics of the compounds were proved by NMR and mass spectra. Screening results showed that activity of diol with allyloxy group is close to the ideal attitude to wheat. Ketals and their derivatives show the herbicidal activity only at inhibition of the mass escape of peas. Results of alkenylmalonates were better at inhibition of the mass escape of wheat than peas. The obtained results prove prospectivity of producing of herbicidal drugs based on the alkenylmalonates substituted diols and acetals, as a new generation of herbicides.
12
Sofyanita, Eko Naning, and Roni Afriansya. "DIFFERENCES OF INHIBITION ZONE FOREST PURE HONEY AND CINNAMON (Cinnamomum burmani) AS ANTIBACTERIAL BACTERIAL COMPOUNDS OF MEMBERS OF THE Enterobacteriaceae FAMILY." Jurnal Riset Kesehatan 10, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jrk.v10i1.6424.
Анотація:
Honey and cinnamon are plant products that have many properties, one of which is used as an antibacterial agent for various diseases. The effectiveness of the two active substances against bacteria in the Enterobacteriaeae family is unclear. The study was conducted to determine the differences in the effectiveness of forest honey and cinnamon in inhibiting the growth of bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family. This research method is an experimental study with a combination method of diffusion and wells using samples of the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, Esherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcescens, and Enterobacter cloacae. Forest pure honey and cinnamon were prepared as test solutions with concentrations of 25%, 40%, 55%, 70%, 85% and 100%. The results obtained were the inhibition zone formed on Nutrient Agar Plate (NAP) media, in forest pure honey the inhibition zone formed in S. typhi, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, and Enterobacter cloacae was greater at 100% concentration, namely 30.5mm, 32.5mm, 38mm, 29.5mm, 26mm, while the 100% concentration of cinnamon showed results, namely 12mm, 10mm, 8.5mm, 11mm, and 11mm. Conclusion is Forest pure honey was more effective at inhibiting bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family than cinnamon.
13
Sahu, Anita, and Anjana Devkota. "ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF SOME INVASIVE ALIEN PLANT SPECIES OF ASTER FAMILY AGAINST CLINICAL BACTERIA." Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 23 (December 5, 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v23i0.20646.
Анотація:
Aqueous and methanolic extracts of three plants at four different concentration viz. at 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/ml were tested on clinical bacteria using the disc diffusion method. In vitro antibacterial activity was screened by using Nutrient Agar (NA). The qualitative phytochemical analysis depicted the presence of terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, carotenes and glycosides in the plants. Results showed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The methanol extract inhibited the growth of more bacteria compared to the aqueous extract. Results from in vitro study revealed that the antimicrobial activity might have been influenced by the solubility of active compound(s) in extracting solvent. Methanol extracts were relatively more effective than aqueous extract. Out of three invasive plants studied Parthenium hysterophorus seemed more effective, for inhibiting the growth of bacterial strains with maximum zone of inhibition (24.85 mm diam.), shown against Enterococcus faecalis at a concentration of 200 mg/ml. The demonstration of activity against all these organisms had shown that all three alien invasive species; Ageratum haustonianum, Mikania micrantha and Parthenium hysterophorus can be used to produce raw materials/substances for further development of diverse antibiotics with broad spectrum of activity.ECOPRINT 23: 1-12, 2016
14
Nedeva, D., S. Petkova, Y. Angelova, and L. Iliev. "The effect of plant growth regulators and chlorsulfuron on electrophoretic profiles of soluble proteins, polypeptides and antioxidant enzymes in maize seedlings." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 2 (November 19, 2011): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3560-pse.
Анотація:
Investigations were carried out with maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. The effect of chlorsulfuron (CHF) on the electrophoretic profiles of the total and thermostable proteins, polypeptides and some antioxidant enzymes was compared to the effect of abscisic acid (ABA), benzylaminopurine (BAP) and N<sup>1</sup>-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N<sup>2</sup>-phenylurea (4PU-30) applied in concentrations that inhibit the growth of seedlings. It was established that the effect of CHF on seedling growth as well as on the studied biochemical parameters was most significant. The reduction of growth by CHF was accompanied by a significant decrease in the quantity of main proteins and specific qualitative changes in the electrophoretic patterns for coleoptiles. The appearance of a new native protein with Rm 0.22 and polypeptide with MW 67 kDa was demonstrated. Some similarity of the effect on protein band with Rm value 0.22 was observed under the influence of 4PU-30 as well. In the endosperm the effect of CHF was manifested as a delay of degradation. CHF and 4PU-30 influenced the activity of basic peroxidases in the opposite manner. The strong inhibiting effect of both cytokinins BAP and 4PU-30 on the activity of slow migrating superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoenzymes was observed. Each of the tested substances shows a differential effect on the proteins and antioxidant enzymes, despite the fact that all of them were applied at concentrations that inhibit the growth of seedlings.
15
Voropaeva, N., V. Karpachev, V. Varlamov, and Oleg L. Figovsky. "Influence of Efficient, Multicomponent, Polyfunctional, Physiologically Active (Nano) Chips with Herbicide Activity on Rice Crop Growth, Development, Yield and on Weed Growth Inhibition." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 26 (January 2014): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.26.62.
Анотація:
Using physiologically active, complex, polyfunctional, multicomponent (nano) systems – (nano) chips in the pre-sowing rice treatment (nano) technology allows precise seeding; enhancing field seed germination; reducing plant morbidity rate considerably or even deleting disease incidents; increasing plant adaptability to unfavorable environmental conditions; expanding crop yield; improving products quality by not using toxic chemical means of plant protection; intensifying competitive ability of agricultural products as well as assuring environmental safety in crop cultivation regions. Nutrition micro- and mesoelements, as also intense activity plant growth regulators and other physiologically active substances, depending on the crop variety, cultivation conditions and possible risks, can be added to such pre-sowing treatment (nano) technology.
16
Voropaeva, N., V. Karpachev, V. Varlamov, and Oleg L. Figovsky. "Influence of Efficient, Multicomponent, Polyfunctional, Physiologically Active (Nano) Chips with Herbicide Activity on Rice Crop Growth, Development, Yield and on Weed Growth Inhibition." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 26 (January 24, 2014): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-f9n4d0.
Анотація:
Using physiologically active, complex, polyfunctional, multicomponent (nano) systems – (nano) chips in the pre-sowing rice treatment (nano) technology allows precise seeding; enhancing field seed germination; reducing plant morbidity rate considerably or even deleting disease incidents; increasing plant adaptability to unfavorable environmental conditions; expanding crop yield; improving products quality by not using toxic chemical means of plant protection; intensifying competitive ability of agricultural products as well as assuring environmental safety in crop cultivation regions. Nutrition micro- and mesoelements, as also intense activity plant growth regulators and other physiologically active substances, depending on the crop variety, cultivation conditions and possible risks, can be added to such pre-sowing treatment (nano) technology.
17
Gubó, Eduárd, Ildikó Kiss-Szarvák, Mishele Erdenebaatar, Richárd Gubó, Bence Horváth, Pál Szakál, and Judit Plutzer. "Ecotoxicological investigations of milking cow slurry and changes of oestrogenic compounds in the solid and liquid phase." Energy, Ecology and Environment 7, no. 2 (November 15, 2021): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40974-021-00234-1.
Анотація:
AbstractDue to the appearance of intensive livestock-rearing systems since the 1970s, a vast amount of liquid manure (slurry) has been produced. The application and utilization are partly regulated for this special substance, which contains urine, excrement, process water, and other chemicals, such as insecticides and disinfectants. Our research was conducted on a slurry management system of a dairy cattle farm, focusing on the investigation of the presence of oestrogenic substances and toxicity of slurry before and after using a separator technology. Yeast oestrogen screen shows in this study that the separation of the liquid and solid phases of slurry contributes to the reduction in oestrogenic substances. Based on the toxicological studies, the growth inhibition of algae was 93%, and the inhibition of the germination of higher plant seeds was 25%, without separation. After separation of the phases, growth and germination were comparable with the negative control; moreover, some stimulation was detected. Consequently, harmful substances were removed with the suspended solid phase. From the present study, we can conclude that stakeholders should support separation technology in intensive livestock-rearing systems, and ecotoxicological investigations obviously help the risk management of slurry utilization. To our best knowledge, this is the first paper presenting detailed and complex toxicological study on slurry samples.
18
Wang, Enzhao, Xiongduo Liu, Zhiyuan Si, Xu Li, Jingjing Bi, Weiling Dong, Mingshun Chen, et al. "Volatile Organic Compounds from Rice Rhizosphere Bacteria Inhibit Growth of the Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani." Agriculture 11, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040368.
Анотація:
Rice sheath blight, a fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani, seriously threatens rice production. Some of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by microbes are inhibitory to the growth of the plant pathogen, and hence may have the potential as environmentally friendly antifungal substances. However, information on the inhibitory effect of VOCs released by rice rhizosphere bacteria on R. solani is scarce. In this study, bacteria from the rice rhizosphere capable of inhibiting the growth of R. solani via releasing VOCs were screened using a double Petri dish assay. Headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to identify and quantify the VOCs. The contributions of VOCs to the inhibition of the growth of R. solani were estimated by constructing a random forest model, and were verified using pure compounds. Nine strains (i.e., Pseudomonas sp. No. 3, Enterobacter sp. No. 26, Enterobacter sp. No. 34, Pseudomonas sp. No. 35, Ralstonia sp. No. 50, Bacillus sp. No. 62, Arthrobacter sp. No. 146, Brevibacillus sp. No. 2–18, and Paenisporosarcina sp. No. 2–60) showed various inhibition on R. solani growth via VOCs. The inhibitory effect ranged from 7.84% to 100%, with Ralstonia sp. No. 50 completely inhibiting the growth of R. solani. Five VOCs (i.e., benzoic acid ethyl ester, 3-methyl-butanoic acid, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one) identified by random forest model were confirmed to be toxic to R. solani when applied as a pure chemical compound. In particular, benzoic acid ethyl ester, 3-methyl-butanoic acid, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol were lethal to R. solani. In summary, the rice rhizosphere bacteria (Ralstonia sp. No. 50) and VOCs (benzoic acid ethyl ester, 3-methyl-butanoic acid, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol) showed potential to be used as new resources for biological control of rice sheath blight.
19
Shafeeq, Ahmed Fawzi, Idham Ali Abed, and Abdullah Abdulkareem Hassan. "Evaluation of The Efficiency of Some Desert Plant Extracts in The Growth of Agaricus Bisporus and The Inhibition of Some of Its Pathogens." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 910, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/910/1/012113.
Анотація:
Abstract Seven isolates of Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from the casing soil and 11 fungal isolates were isolated from the spent compost in the Mushroom Farm - College of Agriculture - Tikrit University. According to the pathogenicity test against Agaricus bisporus fruit bodies, the results showed that the highest infection rate was recorded in the bacterial isolate 1077by 77.45%, while the fungal isolate 1076 showed the highest pathogenicity against Agaricus bisporus fruit bodies by recording the highest infection rate reached to 81.23%. The pathogenic bacteria and fungi isolates were phenotypically identified to the species level as Pseudomonas tolaasii and Trichoderma harzianum, respectively. The results showed the alcoholic extracts of Atriplex tatarica and Haloxylon salicornicum were superior in the active substances compared to other extracts, the highest percentage of total alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols and flavonoids was 35.14, 44.79, 43.47, 32.05 and 31.66 mg/g in the alcoholic extract of A. tatarica, respectively, while the alcoholic extract of H. salicornicum had the highest percentage of glycosides, which amounted to 41.89 mg/g of the extract. The highest efficiency of A. tatarica alcoholic extract in inhibiting the pathogenic fungus T. harzianum, was recorded, as the colony diameter was 3.1 cm in concentration of 4 mg/mL compared to 8.9 cm in the control treatment, while the H. salicornicum alcoholic extract was superior in inhibiting the pathogenic bacteria at the same concentration, in which the inhibition zone was 15.67 mm compared to no inhibition in the control treatment. While there was little effect of alcoholic extracts of both plants on the growth of A. bisporus. The results of the dry powders effect for both plants showed that the highest inhibition against the pathogenic fungus T. harzianum was recorded by the A. tatarica powder at 2% concentration, reaching 5.01 cm, while the H. salicornicum powder showed the highest inhibition against the bacteria P.tolaasii at the same concentration in which the number of cells reached to 3.23 x 107 cells/mL compared to 6.6 x 107 cells/mL in the control treatment. The results also showed the highest growth of A. bisporus that reached 9 cm for all powdered concentrations of both plants.
20
Wai Thet Tin, Wai, Hisayoshi Hayashi, Toshihiko Otomatsu, Katsutoshi Hirose, Koji Hasegawa, and Hideyuki Shigemori. "Structure-Activity Relationships of Natural Occurring Plant Growth-Inhibiting Substance Caprolactam and Its Related Compounds." HETEROCYCLES 78, no. 10 (2009): 2439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-09-11782.
21
Rasyid, Andi Ulfah Magefirah, and Zahira Amody. "PENGUJIAN EFEKTIFITAS FORMULA GEL EKSTRAK DAUN BELUNTAS (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI GELLING AGENT SEBAGAI KANDIDAT SEDIAAN ANTI JERAWAT." Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.51352/jim.v6i2.393.
Анотація:
Beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) is a plant that is often used in traditional medicine because of the presence of several substances that have activity as antimicrobial compounds. Beluntas leaves contain secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids and saponins which can function as antibacterial. This experimental research aimed at obtaining beluntas leaf extract gel and to determine the physical stability and the effectiveness of beluntas extract gel against Propionibacterium acnes. The first step is drying the beluntas leaves and and extracted by maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent. The extract obtained was then formulated into a gel and evaluated, the evaluation results show that formula 1 is the most stable. The results showed that beluntas leaf extract gel was effective in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, the inhibition zone obtained was categorized as strong, where the average diameter before the accelerated stability test was 12.02 mm and 11.58 mm after the accelerated stability test.
22
Hao, Jianjun J., Huawei Liu, Irwin Ronaldo Donis-Gonzalez, Xiao Hong Lu, A. Daniel Jones, and Dennis W. Fulbright. "Antimicrobial Activity of Chestnut Extracts for Potential Use in Managing Soilborne Plant Pathogens." Plant Disease 96, no. 3 (March 2012): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-11-0169.
Анотація:
Chestnut extracts were studied for antimicrobial activity against selected microorganisms, including plant pathogens. Chestnut extract on paper discs was applied to an agar medium to evaluate the inhibition to multiple microorganisms or the extract was added at various concentrations to a culture medium to evaluate the growth of target microorganisms. Chestnut type, tissue of plants (shell, pellicle, and leaf), extraction methods, and physical characteristics were studied to determine antimicrobial activity. Most test microorganisms were inhibited by the extracts at different effective concentrations for 50% growth inhibition (EC50). Pseudomonas fluorescens was the most sensitive (EC50 = 4.4 μg/μl), Phytophthora cambivora was one of the least inhibited (EC50 = 185 μg/μl), and Cryphonectria parasitica was not inhibited. Extracts of the Japanese × European chestnut (Castanea crenata × C. sativa) ‘Colossal’ showed a greater inhibition than those of wild trees of the Chinese species (C. mollissima). High temperature did not affect the inhibitory effect. Extracts from chestnut pellicle had the highest concentration of antimicrobial compound, compared with leaf and shell. The active fraction contained several substances with molecular masses consistent with one flavonol glycoside and several terpenoid substances. Pellicle and shell tissue reduced radish scab disease caused by Streptomyces scabies in the greenhouse.
23
JITĂREANU, Alexandra, Gabriela TĂTĂRÎNGĂ, Ana-Maria ZBANCIOC, and Ursula STĂNESCU. "Toxicity of Some Cinnamic Acid Derivatives to Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 39, no. 2 (November 21, 2011): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha3927183.
Анотація:
Cinnamic acid derivatives are an important class of biologically active compounds, playing an important role in the plants’ development, but may also present a wide range of actions: antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflamatory, antitumoral. The present study investigated the toxicity of ten cinnamic acid derivatives on Phaseolus vulgaris, this being the first step in evaluating their pharmacotoxicological potential (usually, plant toxicity tests are used for ecotoxicity assessment, but they can also provide some useful general information about the toxic potential of a pharmaceutical substance to living organisms). The bean seeds were exposed to three different concentrations of each substance (28.6 μg/cm2, 57.3 μg/cm2, 114.6 μg/cm2). All the tests were conducted in Petri dishes, using an artificial substrate (Whatman filter paper) impregnated with the investigated compounds. The analyzed elements were seedling length, root length, percentage of seeds that developed into seedlings, fresh seedling weight and the total polyphenols content. The tested compounds showed phytotoxic effects, inhibiting the growth of the plants and the biosynthesis of polyphenols as compared to the control. The substances with high logP values showed greater phytotoxic potential, but to establish an exact correlation between hydrophobicity and toxicity of the molecules a QSAR analysis must be further done.
24
Pugacheva, Anna, Kristina Bikmetova, and Yuliya Smirnova. "Sorbents of Phenols As a Components of the Nutritional Medium in Microclonal Reproduction of Plants." Natural Systems and Resources, no. 3 (October 2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nsr.jvolsu.2021.3.6.
Анотація:
In the process of microclonal reproduction, plants secrete various substances into the nutrient medium, for example, phenolic compounds, which act as inhibitors of growth processes and, accordingly, prevent the normal development of explants in vitro. Plant tissues are treated with stabilizing substances, and various sorbents are also used as components of the nutrient medium to neutralize the negative effects of phenols. This paper presents an overview of the approved methods for solving the problem of sorption of phenolic compounds during microclonal propagation of plants. Various studies are considering the addition of certain components to the nutrient medium that prevent the release of harmful growth-inhibiting substances. Most often, various carbon compounds, such as activated carbon, are used as an adsorbent. The authors, based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literature on this topic, conclude that the most effective and frequently used are carbon compounds and the polymer polyvinyl pyrrolidone, less common is the use of the following inhibitory substances: ascorbic and citric acids, silver nitrate and mercury chloride. According to the results of the conducted analytical studies, the prospects of using such substances as thermally expanded graphite (TEG) and colloidal silicon dioxide as sorbents in the composition of the drug “Polysorb” were revealed. Due to the inhomogeneous porous structure, including both micropores and meso- or macropores, TEG is able to adsorb pollutants both from the solution and from the water surface, which makes it a potential sorbent for phenolic compounds. The effect of silicon dioxide, in amorphous form, on plants in vitro has already been successfully tested by some researchers, which indicates the prospects of its study.
25
Hossen, Kawsar, Krishna Rany Das, Shun Okada, Arihiro Iwasaki, Kiyotake Suenaga, and Hisashi Kato-Noguchi. "Allelopathic Potential and Active Substances from Wedelia Chinensis (Osbeck)." Foods 9, no. 11 (November 2, 2020): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111591.
Анотація:
Wedelia chinensis (Asteraceae) is a wetland herb native to India, China, and Japan. It is a valuable medicinal plant recorded to have pharmaceutical properties. However, the phytotoxic potential of Wedelia chinensis has not yet been examined. Thus, we carried out this study to establish the allelopathic effects of Wedelia chinensis and to identify its phytotoxic substances. Extracts of Wedelia chinensis exhibited high inhibitory activity against the root and shoot growth of cress, alfalfa, rapeseed, lettuce, foxtail fescue, Italian ryegrass, timothy, and barnyard grass. The inhibition was varied with species and was dependent on concentrations. The extracts were separated through several purification steps, and the two effective substances were isolated and characterized as vanillic acid and gallic acid using spectral analysis. Vanillic acid and gallic acid significantly arrested the growth of cress and Italian ryegrass seedlings. The concentrations of vanillic acid and gallic acid needed for 50% inhibition (I50 values) of the seedling growth of the cress and Italian ryegrass were 0.04–15.4 and 0.45–6.6 mM, respectively. The findings suggest that vanillic acid and gallic acid may be required for the growth inhibitory activities of Wedelia chinensis.
26
KYAW, Ei H., and Hisashi KATO-NOGUCHI. "Allelopathic potential of Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. leaf extracts against the seedling growth of six test plants." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 48, no. 3 (September 23, 2020): 1534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha48312022.
Анотація:
Acacia pennata (L.) Willd (Mimosaceae), a woody climbing plant, is used as a traditional medicinal plant in the South and Southeast Asia regions and has been documented to have various pharmacological effects. However, the allelopathy of this plant still remains unclear. Thus, the allelopathic potential of A. pennata leaf extracts was examined against the seedling growth of dicot plants [alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), cress (Lepidium sativum L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)] and monocot plants [barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.)] at six different concentrations. The results showed that the A. pennata leaf extracts inhibited the seedling growth of all the test plant species at concentrations ≥3 mg dry weight (D.W.) equivalent extract mL-1. The inhibitory activity of the extracts against both shoot and root growth varied with concentration and tested plants. The concentrations required for 50% inhibition of the test plant shoots and roots were 1.5-16.1 and 1.4-8.6 mg D.W. equivalent extract mL-1, respectively. The root growth of all the test plant species was more sensitive to the extracts than their shoot growth, except alfalfa. The results of the present study indicate that the A. pennata leaf extracts may have allelopathic potential and may contain allelopathic substances. Therefore, further studies are required for isolation and identification of the growth inhibitory substances which are responsible for the allelopathic effect of A. pennata.
27
Wang, Haiyan, Rong Zhang, Yanan Duan, Weitao Jiang, Xuesen Chen, Xiang Shen, Chengmiao Yin, and Zhiquan Mao. "The Endophytic Strain Trichoderma asperellum 6S-2: An Efficient Biocontrol Agent against Apple Replant Disease in China and a Potential Plant-Growth-Promoting Fungus." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 12 (December 8, 2021): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7121050.
Анотація:
A study was conducted for endophytic antagonistic fungi obtained from the roots of healthy apple trees growing in nine replanted orchards in Shandong Province, China. The fungi were assessed for their ability to inhibit Fusarium proliferatum f. sp. malus domestica MR5, a fungal strain associated with apple replant disease (ARD). An effective endophyte, designated as strain 6S-2, was isolated and identified as Trichoderma asperellum. Strain 6S-2 demonstrated protease, amylase, cellulase, and laccase activities, which are important for the parasitic and antagonistic functions of pathogenic fungi. The inhibition rate of 6S-2 against Fusarium proliferatum f. sp. malus domestica MR5 was 52.41%. Strain 6S-2 also secreted iron carriers, auxin, ammonia and was able to solubilize phosphorus. Its fermentation extract and volatile substances inhibited the growth of MR5, causing its hyphae to twist, shrink, swell, and rupture. The antifungal activity of the 6S-2 fermentation extract increased with increasing concentrations. It promoted the production and elongation of Arabidopsis thaliana lateral roots, and the strongest effects were seen at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. A GC-MS analysis of the 6S-2 fermentation extract and volatile substances showed that they comprised mainly alkanes, alcohols, and furanones, as well as the specific volatile substance 6-PP. The application of 6S-2 spore suspension to replanted apple orchard soils reduced plant oxidative damage and promoted plant growth in a pot experiment. Therefore, the endophytic strain T. asperellum 6S-2 has the potential to serve as an effective biocontrol fungus for the prevention of ARD in China, and appears to promote plant growth.
28
Boonmee, Sutjaritpan, Arihiro Iwasaki, Kiyotake Suenaga, and Hisashi Kato-Noguchi. "Identification of 6,7-Dimethoxychromone as a Potent Allelochemical from Jatropha podagrica." Natural Product Communications 13, no. 11 (November 2018): 1934578X1801301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801301126.
Анотація:
Jatropha podagrica Hook. is cultivated as an ornamental plant and is also used in traditional medicine. The species has various pharmacological properties, but it has not yet been investigated for any potential allelopathic activity and allelopathic substances. In this study, an allelopathic active substance was isolated from an aqueous methanol extract of J. podagrica leaves through chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. The substance was characterized as 6,7-dimethoxychromone by spectral analysis. 6,7-Dimethoxychromone significantly inhibited the shoots and roots of cress at concentrations greater than 0.3 mM. The concentrations required of 6,7-dimethoxychromone for 50% growth inhibition of cress shoots and roots were 0.95 and 0.83 mM, respectively. The inhibitory activity against the seedling growth of cress indicates that 6,7-dimethoxychromone may contribute to the allelopathic effects and may be responsible for the allelopathic activity in J. podagrica. This report is the first on the allelopathic activity of 6,7-dimethoxychromone as an allelopathic substance from J. podagrica.
29
Huang, Xiaolong, Jingzhong Chen, Jiming Liu, Jia Li, Mengyao Wu, and Bingli Tong. "Autotoxicity Hinders the Natural Regeneration of Cinnamomum migao H. W. Li in Southwest China." Forests 10, no. 10 (October 18, 2019): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100919.
Анотація:
Autotoxicity is a widespread phenomenon in nature and is considered to be the main factor affecting new natural recruitment of plant populations, which was proven in many natural populations. Cinnamomum migao H. W. Li is an endemic medicinal woody plant species mainly distributed in Southwestern China and is defined as an endangered species by the Red Paper of Endangered Plants in China. The lack of seedlings is considered a key reason for population degeneration; however, no studies were conducted to explain its causes. C. migao contains substances with high allelopathic potential, such as terpenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids, and has strong allelopathic effects on other species. Therefore, we speculate that one of the reasons for C. migao seedling scarcity in the wild is that it exhibits autotoxic allelopathy. In this study, which was performed from the perspective of autotoxicity, we collected leaves, pericarp, seeds, and branches of the same population; we simulated the effects of decomposition and release of litter from these different anatomical parts of C. migao in the field; and we conducted 210-day control experiments on seedling growth, with different concentration gradients, using associated aqueous extracts. The results showed that the leaf aqueous extract (leafAE) significantly inhibited growth indicators and increased damage of the lipid structure of the cell membrane of seedlings, suggesting that autotoxicity from C. migao is a factor restraining seedling growth. The results of the analyses of soil properties showed that, compared with the other treatments, leafAE treatment inhibited soil enzyme activity and also had an impact on soil fungi. Although leafAE could promote soil fertility to some extent, it did not change the effect of autotoxic substances on seedling growth. We conclude that autotoxicity is the main obstacle inhibiting seedling growth and the factor restraining the natural regeneration of C. migao.
30
Pandey, H., V. Pandey, S. K. Nandi, and L. M. S. Palni. "Role of plant growth substances in regulating pseudomonocotyly and correlative inhibition in some alpine Himalayan rosettes." South African Journal of Botany 125 (September 2019): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.08.017.
31
Dewi Rosmalia, Minarni, and Mhd Riza Marjoni. "Effect of Nutmeg (Myristica Fragrans) Methanolic Extract to the Growth of Dental Plaque Bacteria." DENTA 16, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30649/denta.v16i2.3.
Анотація:
Background: One of the causes of dental caries is Streptococcus mutant bacteria which has the ability to change the sugar content of food waste into lactic acid as the initial process of caries. One of the efforts to overcome dental caries is to use natural ingredients such as nutmeg. Every part of nutmeg has active substances that are efficacious as antimicrobial, antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal and anti-inflammatory. Pulpam, seeds and fuli of nutmeg showed as potential extracts in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Objective: This study aimed to analyze methanol extracts from pericarpium, pulpam, fuli and nutmeg seeds against the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria that causes dental plaque. Methods: The research was conducted by diffusion method using BHI agar media and incubated anaerobically at 37°C for 24 hours. Results: The results of the calculation of the average diameter of the inhibition zones from the extract of fuli, seeds, pulpam and pericarpium of the nutmeg plant were 19.00 mm, 25.33 mm, 15.66 mm, 22.66 mm, and 21.83 mm, respectively. Data analysis using ANOVA (one way) showed that there were significant differences in all groups at p<0.05. The results of the LSD test showed that there were significant differences in all treatment groups. Conclusion: Methanol extract from fruit and fruit parts of nutmeg showed the ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause dental plaque.
32
Aksoy, Emre, Amir Maqbool, Bayram Ali Yerlikaya, and Fazli Wahid. "Bitki Peptit ve Amino Asit Taşıyıcılarının Demir Taşınmasındaki Görevleri." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, sp1 (December 30, 2022): 2646–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10isp1.2646-2655.5600.
Анотація:
Iron (Fe) is an important micronutrient for plants, and its deficiency causes serious yield losses by inhibiting plant growth and development. Detailed studies have been carried out for many years on the uptake of available iron in the soil by plants and its transport to plant organs. These studies proved that Fe can be transported in chelated form with some organic substances including peptides and amino acids. However, detailed studies have not been conducted on the uptake of peptide- or amino acid-chelated Fe into the plant or its transport between organs. Few studies have focused on the oligopeptide transporter (OPT) and drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) families. The possible roles of the recently discovered UMAMIT amino acid transporter family have not been studied in iron transport in plants yet. In this review, the transporter families responsible for the uptake and translocation of iron were summarized. Then, the roles of the OPT, DMT, and UMAMIT families in transporting iron-peptide and iron-amino acid complexes were discussed in detail.
33
Goldner, W. R., F. M. Hoffman, and R. J. Medve. "Allelopathic effects of Cladonia cristatella on ectomycorrhizal fungi common to bituminous strip-mine spoils." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 1586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-212.
Анотація:
Acetone–toluene extracts of Cladonia cristatella inhibited the growth of fungi known to form ectomycorrhizal associations with trees commonly found on bituminous strip-mine spoils in western Pennsylvania. Growth of Pisolithus tinctorius and Suillus luteus was completely inhibited by C. cristatella extracts over a 30-d bioassay period. Thelephora terrestris was dead after 17 d. The growth of Cenococcum graniforme was unaffected by lichen extracts. D-Usnic acid, a major secondary compound of the C. cristatella extract, was found to inhibit the growth of P. tinctorius. This inhibition, however, did not account for the total inhibition of P. tinctorius demonstrated by the gross acetone–toluene extract. Other secondary compounds, and potential allelopathic substances, present in the extract were barbatic acid, didymic acid, condidymic acid, subdidymic acid, fumarprotocetraric acid, squamatic acid, and rhodocladonic acid.
34
Hossen, Kawsar, Krishna Rany Das, Yuka Asato, Toshiaki Teruya, and Hisashi Kato-Noguchi. "Allelopathic Activity and Characterization of Allelopathic Substances from Elaeocarpus floribundus Blume Leaves for the Development of Bioherbicides." Agronomy 12, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010057.
Анотація:
To help protect the environment as well as increase agricultural production, the use of synthetic herbicides must be reduced and replaced with plant-based bioherbicides. Elaeocarpus floribundus is a perennial, evergreen, and medium-sized plant grown in different areas of the world. The pharmaceutical properties and various uses of Elaeocarpus floribundus have been reported, but its allelopathic potential has not yet been explored. Thus, we carried out the present study to identify allelopathic compounds from Elaeocarpus floribundus. Aqueous MeOH extracts of Elaeocarpus floribundus significantly suppressed the growth of the tested species (cress and barnyard grass) in a dose- and species-dependent way. The three most active allelopathic substances were isolated via chromatographic steps and characterized as (3R)-3-hydroxy-β-ionone, cis-3-hydroxy-α-ionone, and loliolide. All three substances significantly limited the seedling growth of cress, and the compound (3R)-3-hydroxy-β-ionone had stronger allelopathic effects than cis-3-hydroxy-α-ionone and loliolide. The concentrations of the compounds required for 50% growth inhibition (I50 value) of the cress seedlings were in the range of 0.0001–0.0005 M. The findings of this study indicate that all three phytotoxic substances contribute to the phytotoxicity of Elaeocarpus floribundus.
35
Islam, A. K. M. Mominul, and Hisashi Kato-Noguchi. "Phytotoxic Activity ofOcimum tenuiflorumExtracts on Germination and Seedling Growth of Different Plant Species." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/676242.
Анотація:
Phytotoxic activity ofOcimum tenuiflorum(Lamiaceae) plant extracts was investigated against the germination and seedling growth of cress (Lepidium sativum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), and timothy (Phleum pratense) at four different concentrations. The plant extracts at concentrations greater than 30 mg dry weight equivalent extract mL−1reduced significantly the total germination percent (GP), germination index (GI), germination energy (GE), speed of emergence (SE), seedling vigour index (SVI), and coefficient of the rate of germination (CRG) of all test species except barnyard grass and GP of lettuce. In contrast, time required for 50% germination (T50) and mean germination time (MGT) were increased at the same or higher than this concentration. The increasing trend ofT50and MGT and the decreasing trend of other indices indicated a significant inhibition or delay of germination of the test species byO. tenuiflorumplant extracts and vice versa. In addition, the shoot and root growth of all test species were significantly inhibited by the extracts at concentrations greater than 10 mg dry weight equivalent extract mL−1. TheI50values for shoot and root growth were ranged from 26 to 104 mg dry weight equivalent extract mL−1. Seedling growth was more sensitive to the extracts compared to seed germination. Results of this study suggest thatO. tenuiflorumplant extracts have phytotoxic properties and thus contain phytotoxic substances. Isolation and characterization of those substances from this plant may act as a tool for new natural, biodegradable herbicide development to control weeds.
36
Krupiński, Grzegorz, and Piotr Sobiczyński. "The influence of plant extracts on growth of Erwinia amylovora - the causal agent of fire blight." Acta Agrobotanica 54, no. 2 (2013): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2001.025.
Анотація:
Ethanol and water extracts obtained on Soxhlet apparatus from various organs and parts (leaves, flowers, shoots, onion, bark, fruit) of 30 herbal and woody plants species were tested for growth inhibition of <i>Erwinia amylovora</i> using agar diffusion method. Active extracts were found in 23 plant species but in 13 ofthem it was found for the first time. The highest diameter of growth inhibition zone of this bacterium was caused by extracts from <i>Aloe arborescens, Juglans regia, Rhus typhina, Salvia offici nalis</i> and <i>Satureja hortensis</i>. In almost all cases ethanol appeared to be a better solvent of active plant substances against <i>E.amylovora</i> than water.
37
Kommerein, Nadine, Nina Vierengel, Jonathan Groß, Till Opatz, Bilal Al-Nawas, and Lena Katharina Müller-Heupt. "Antiplanktonic and Antibiofilm Activity of Rheum palmatum against Streptococcus oralis and Porphyromonas gingivalis." Microorganisms 10, no. 5 (May 3, 2022): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050965.
Анотація:
Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are inflammatory conditions with a high global prevalence. Oral pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis play a crucial role in the development of dysbiotic biofilms associated with both diseases. The aim of our study was to identify plant-derived substances which mainly inhibit the growth of “disease promoting bacteria”, by comparing the effect of Rheum palmatum root extract against P. gingivalis and the commensal species Streptococcus oralis. Antiplanktonic activity was determined by measuring optical density and metabolic activity. Antibiofilm activity was quantified using metabolic activity assays and live/dead fluorescence staining combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. At concentrations of 3.9 mg/L, R. palmatum root extract selectively inhibited planktonic growth of the oral pathogen P. gingivalis, while not inhibiting growth of S. oralis. Selective effects also occurred in mature biofilms, as P. gingivalis was significantly more stressed and inhibited than S. oralis. Our studies show that low concentrations of R. palmatum root extract specifically inhibit P. gingivalis growth, and offer a promising approach for the development of a potential topical agent to prevent alterations in the microbiome due to overgrowth of pathogenic P. gingivalis.
38
Rob, Md Mahfuzur, Kawsar Hossen, Arihiro Iwasaki, Kiyotake Suenaga, and Hisashi Kato-Noguchi. "Phytotoxic Activity and Identification of Phytotoxic Substances from Schumannianthus dichotomus." Plants 9, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010102.
Анотація:
The phytotoxic potential of plants and their constituents against other plants is being increasingly investigated as a possible alternative to synthetic herbicides to control weeds in crop fields. In this study, we explored the phytotoxicity and phytotoxic substances of Schumannianthus dichotomus, a perennial wetland shrub native to Bangladesh, India, and Myanmar. Leaf extracts of S. dichotomus exerted strong phytotoxicity against two dicot species, alfalfa and cress, and two monocot species, barnyard grass and Italian ryegrass. A bioassay-driven purification process yielded two phenolic derivatives, syringic acid and methyl syringate. Both constituents significantly inhibited the growth of cress and Italian ryegrass in a concentration-dependent manner. The concentrations required for 50% growth inhibition (I50 value) of the shoot and root growth of cress were 75.8 and 61.3 μM, respectively, for syringic acid, compared with 43.2 and 31.5 μM, respectively, for methyl syringate. Similarly, to suppress the shoot and root growth of Italian rye grass, a greater amount of syringic acid (I50 = 213.7 and 175.9 μM) was needed than methyl syringate (I50 = 140.4 to 130.8 μM). Methyl syringate showed higher phytotoxic potential than syringic acid, and cress showed higher sensitivity to both substances. This study is the first to report on the phytotoxic potential of S. dichotomus and to identify phytotoxic substances from this plant material.
39
ZANDI, Peiman, Beata BARABASZ-KRASNY, Alina STACHURSKA-SWAKOŃ, Joanna PUŁA, and Katarzyna MOŻDŻEŃ. "Allelopathic effect of invasive Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) on early growth of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 48, no. 4 (December 22, 2020): 2060–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha48412081.
Анотація:
Solidago canadensis belongs to highly invasive species in Europe, it is established in ruderal, semi-natural and natural communities. To test the traits related to invasiveness, the experiment with the potential of allelopathic compounds produced by the species was conducted. The aqueous extract from the goldenrod leaves was used to examine the germination and early stages of development of Trifolium pratense, the species as an example of fodder plant common in meadows and pastures. Three types of aqueous extract were used: decoction, infusion, and macerate. All extracts of Canadian goldenrod had a negative influence on the germination process of red clover, however, the effect changed in time and type of extract. The most inhibiting influence was documented for the macerate type of aqueous extract. Similarly, the negative influence of macerate was the highest for the length and weight of the seedlings, the content of chlorophyll a and b, and electrolyte leakage. As the procedure of obtaining the macerate is the most like the process of natural extraction of allelopathic substances in nature, there is the practical conclusion to remove the moved biomass of the goldenrod during the restoration process of areas colonised by the species.
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Petanovic, Radmila, Dejan Marcic, and Biljana Vidovic. "Mite pests in plant crops: Current issues, inovative approaches and possibilities for controlling them: Part 2." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 25, no. 2 (2010): 105–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1002105p.
Анотація:
Part one discusses some principal mite pests in agroecosystems and urban horticulture in European countries, Serbia and its neighbouring countries focusing primarily on issues with regard to plant production, novel methods and approaches in applied acaralogy. Part two displays some major properties of acaricides inhibiting respiration, growth and development and other synthetic substances with acaricide action on the market in the last decade of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century. Also some products of natural origin (azadirachtin, oils, micoacaricides) are said to be gaining in importance. Issues with regard to the fact that mites can readily develop resistance to acardicides are discussed and a survey on the results of biochemical, physiological and genetical causes of resistance are analyzed. Some basic principles of biological control of phytophagous mites and modern advances and approaches are discussed as well as current knowledge on host plant resistance to mites. Eventually, the possibility of using a combination of selective acaricides and biological control agents is discussed but also the inclusion of other modes of control (agricultural practices and physical measures) expected to contribute to an integrated management of pest populations.
41
Moh, Seinn Moh, Arihiro Iwasaki, Kiyotake Suenaga та Hisashi Kato-Noguchi. "Allelopathic Activity of a Novel Compound, 5,6-Dihydrogen-11α-O-acetyl-12β-O-tigloyl-17β-marsdenin, and a Known Steroidal Glycoside from the Leaves of Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon". Agronomy 12, № 7 (27 червня 2022): 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071536.
Анотація:
Medicinal plants are rich sources of bioactive substances that can be used to develop environmentally friendly weed control alternatives. Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon is a traditional medicinal plant well known for its pharmacological activities and several bioactive compounds. However, its allelopathy and related substances have not been reported. Hence, the present study was conducted to explore the allelopathic potential and substances from M. tenacissima leaves. Aqueous methanol extracts of M. tenacissima showed significant inhibitory activities against the growth of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). The extracts were purified through various chromatography steps, and two allelopathic substances were isolated and determined by spectral data to be steroidal glycoside 1 (5,6-dihydrogen-11α-O-acetyl-12β-O-tigloyl-17β-marsdenin), a novel compound, and steroidal glycoside 2 (5,6-dihydrogen-11α,12β-di-O-tigloyl-17β-marsdenin). Both compounds significantly inhibited the growth of cress seedlings. Steroidal glycoside 1 showed 1.6- and 4-times greater growth inhibitory potential against the cress shoots and roots than steroidal glycoside 2. The concentrations needed for 50% growth inhibition of the cress seedling shoots and roots were 0.46 and 0.03 mM for steroidal glycoside 1, respectively, and 0.74 and 0.12 mM for steroidal glycoside 2, respectively. Therefore, these results suggest that steroidal glycosides 1 and 2 may be responsible for the allelopathy of the M. tenacissima leaves.
42
Sitohy, Mahmoud, Soad Taha, Ali Osman, Mahmoud Abdel-Hamid, Ali Hamed та Ashraf Abdelbacki. "Antiviral Action of Native and Methylated Lactoferrin and β-Lactoglobulin against Potato Virus Y (PVY) Infected into Potato Plants Grown in an Open Field". Antibiotics 9, № 7 (21 липня 2020): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9070430.
Анотація:
Potato plants are liable to PVY infection without efficient control. Therefore, they were cultivated under greenhouse and open field conditions, artificially infected with PVY and then treated after 15 days of infection with native lactoferrin (LF) and native β-lactoglobulin (BL) and their esterified forms, MLF (methylated lactoferrin) and BLM (methylated β-lactoglobulin) to test the efficiency of this approach. Viral replication was inhibited by the applied substances, particularly the methylated forms, in a concentration-dependent manner, where the concentration of 500 μg·mL−1 was sufficient for plant protection against the PVY infection. An open field experiment showed that one single application of the antiviral substance was enough for maximum inhibitory action against PVY. The modified milk proteins induced higher inhibitory action on PVY virus replication in the plants, compared to their native forms, which was reflected by potato growth and yield. Using the dot blot hybridization and RT-PCR techniques to detect PVY in the experimental plants showed the supremacy of native and esterified LF in inhibiting the targeted virus. The generally observed scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) structural deformations and irregular appearance in PVY particles when treated with MLF and BLM revealed their direct action. BLM, MLF and LF are efficient antiviral agents against PVY. They can not only abolish the observed PVY-induced reduction in potato growth and tuber yield, but also further increase them to higher levels than negative control.
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Stelmakh, Liudmila, Nela Kovrigina, and Tatiana Gorbunova. "Response of marine microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Prorocentrum cordatum and Gyrodinium fissum to complex pollution of Sevastopol bays (Black Sea)." Ecologica Montenegrina 48 (December 18, 2021): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.48.13.
Анотація:
For the degrees of toxicity assessment within the Black Sea surface coastal waters near Sevastopol, laboratory experiments were performed on three marine microalgae species culture’s growth in water sampled on the three stations of the region from May to December 2020. The study has indicated, that in the majority of cases, insignificant inhibiting influences of the waters to diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin and insignificant stimulated effect to dinoflagellates Prorocentrum сordatum (Ostenfeld) J.D.Dodge and Gyrodinium fissum (Levander) Kofoid & Swezy were observed. Rarely this effect was characterized as chronic or subacute. The concentration levels of both stable and unstable forms of organic substances in the studied waters were estimated. The results of the testing of the water to determine its contamination using microalgae and analysis of the organic substances concentration levels in them, allowed the conclusion that the studied area should be classified as episodically polluted. Justification for the necessity to use several microalgae species of different taxonomic affiliation when performing marine water biotesting is provided in this study.
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Kyaw, Ei Han, Arihiro Iwasaki, Kiyotake Suenaga, and Hisashi Kato-Noguchi. "Allelopathy of the Medicinal Plant Dregea volubilis (L.f.) Benth. ex Hook.f. and Its Phytotoxic Substances with Allelopathic Activity." Agronomy 12, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020303.
Анотація:
Allelopathic plants and their related phytotoxic chemicals have been explored as alternatives for environmentally friendly weed management. Dregea volubilis (L.f.) Benth. ex Hook.f., a woody vine, is well-known for its uses in various therapeutic treatments, and several bioactive compounds have been isolated from this species. However, to date, no phytotoxic substances from D. volubilis have been reported. Hence, in this research, we aimed to investigate the allelopathic effect of D. volubilis and characterize its phytotoxic substances. Extracts of D. volubilis exhibited significant inhibitory activity against the seedling growth of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and cress (Lepidium sativum L.). The extracts were purified through several chromatography steps, yielding two phytotoxic substances, and using spectroscopy, their structures were determined as dehydrovomifoliol and loliolide. The compounds inhibited the Italian ryegrass and cress seedlings with the I50 (concentrations needed for 50% inhibition) values ranging from 0.022 to 0.102 mM, for loliolide and 3.24–4.60 mM, for dehydrovomifoliol. These results suggest that both phytotoxic compounds might be responsible for the allelopathy of D. volubilis, and they may be released into the soil through the decomposition of the D. volubilis leaf and probably act as allelopathic active substances. Therefore, the extracts of D. volubilis and its related phytotoxic compounds may be applied as biological agents for controlling weeds.
45
Toya, Tomoaki, Masayoshi Oshida, Kwame Sarpong Appiah, Jun Takita, and Yoshiharu Fujii. "Plant Growth Inhibitory Activity and the Response of Different Rootstocks to Soil Sickness Syndrome in Japanese Pear Tree." Agronomy 12, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092067.
Анотація:
Soil sickness syndrome in Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nakai) affects the growth of the tree and decreases fruit yield. This study investigated the growth-inhibitory activity in Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nakai) using the rhizosphere soil assay method to elucidate the characteristics of growth-inhibitory substances in Japanese pears. As a result, the root bark had the highest growth inhibitory activity during the growing season of the Japanese pear. For comparative analysis, the growth-inhibitory activities of Japanese apricots (Prunus mume Sieb. Et Zucc.) and figs (Ficus carica L.) were also investigated. Similar to the Japanese pear, the root bark of Japanese apricots and figs had a higher inhibition rate than the root pith. Like Japanese apricots and figs, it was inferred that the growth inhibitory substances accumulate in the bark of the Japanese pear. Furthermore, soil sickness syndrome in Japanese pear saplings did not occur when a fragment of Japanese pear shoots or thick roots was mixed with non-pear soil (soil with no history of Japanese pear cultivation). Based on these findings, it is considered that the condition of soil sickness in Japanese pear is caused by the accumulation of phenolic compounds such as arbutin, which is accumulated in the bark of the tree, secreted from the roots, and subsequently builds up in the soil. Additionally, the degree of occurrence of soil sickness syndrome depending on the rootstock was clarified. It was observed that the rate of growth inhibition was significantly higher in Pyrus betulifolia (Birchleaf pear) than in Pyrus pyrifolia (Japanese pear). Even when Japanese pear trees were planted in soils with no history of Japanese pear cultivation, the initial growth of P. betulifolia was 1.4 times that of P. pyrifolia. It is suggested that P. betulifolia is weak against soil sickness, but is excellent at initial growth itself. Our findings are important because P. pyrifolia is used for cultivation, in combination with other mitigation measures, such as soil dressing in replanted fields.
46
Pomortsev, A. V., N. V. Dorofeev, S. N. Adamovich, and E. N. Oborina. "Effect of protatranes on the physiological parameters of spring wheat under chloride salinity conditions." Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 12, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-3-485-490.
Анотація:
In order to manage field crop production, reduce the negative impact of abiotic factors, and increase productivity and product quality, the modern agricultural industry uses chemical compounds analogous to endogenous phytohormones. Some of these substances are physiologically valuable due to their capability to improve the resistance of plants to adverse environmental factors. The increased interest in such preparations can be attributed to their low cost and effectiveness at low concentrations. The effect of a protatrane mixture (a, b, c) on changes in the physiological parameters (growth characteristics; water status) of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied at low concentrations (10−6 and 10−9 g/L) under chloride salinity conditions. The plants were grown under laboratory conditions in a CLF PlantClimatics chamber, in which untreated and chemically treated spring wheat seeds were evaluated for changes in morphological and physiological parameters under salt stress conditions (150 mM NaCl). The analysis of obtained data revealed that protatranes have a positive effect on the morphometric parameters and water status of plants under chloride salinity conditions. Thus, the examined substances decrease the inhibition of growth processes under chloride salinity conditions. The treatment of seeds with the studied substances increases the tissue water content while decreasing the osmotic potential drop in leaves and roots. Irrespective of the mix ratio, protatranes help to improve the plant water status and mitigate the negative effects of chloride salinity on plant growth.
47
Savchuk, Ya I., O. M. Yurieva, S. O. Syrchin, L. T. Nakonechna, T. I. Tugay, A. V. Tugay, K. S. Tsyhanenko, A. K. Pavlychenko, and I. M. Kurchenko. "Trichoderma Strains – Antagonists of Plant Pathogenic Micromycetes." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 84, no. 1 (April 17, 2021): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.01.020.
Анотація:
Species of the genus Trichoderma are known as the producers of many biologically active substances, in particular, enzymes that have found their practical application in many industries. In addition, the active Trichoderma strains are used as biological control agents of plant pathogenic micromycetes. Trichoderma strains are able to exhibit antagonistic properties against plant pathogens very effectively due to their peculiarities: high growth rate; synthesis of chitinolytic enzymes and secondary metabolites with antifungal activity. Thus, highly active Trichoderma strains has been successfully used to control plant pathogenic isolates of Fusarium, Alternaria, Botrytis, Sclerotinia, Verticillium, Pythium and other genera. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antagonistic activity of 100 Trichoderma strains against eight test-cultures of plant pathogenic micromycetes of different species and to select the most active strains for further studies of their physiological properties. Methods. Cultures of the studied fungi were grown on potato-dextrose agar. The antagonistic activity of fungi of the genus Trichoderma against fungal plant pathogens was carried out using the conventional method of dual culture. The percentages of growth inhibition of plant pathogens were calculated, and on the basis of these values the antagonistic activity of strains were concluded. Microsoft Excel and Origin 8.0 (OriginLab) packages were used for statistical data processing. Results. According to the results of a study of the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma strains against plant pathogenic micromycetes in general, it was shown that the strains have a high level of antifungal activity. Thus, the most numerous group (38%) of the total studied Trichoderma strains were “highly active” ones that inhibited the growth of plant pathogens from 70 to 80%. The second largest group (27%) was “moderately active” strains with 60–70% inhibition of plant pathogenic test cultures. The smallest (6%) but the most active group consisted of the “most active” strains with an average value of the inhibition more than 80%. Thus, almost three quarters (71%) of the studied Trichoderma strains showed a high level of antagonistic activity against plant pathogens with the inhibition more than 60%. In addition, only 17% of Trichoderma strains were “inactive” and 12% of them showed insufficient activity with growth inhibition of plant pathogens less than 50%. Notably, 35% of Trichoderma strains were active against all eight test cultures of plant pathogenic micromycetes. Conclusions. The studied Trichoderma strains have significant antagonistic potential both for individual strains of plant pathogenic micromycetes and for all studied plant pathogens. The involvement of a wide range of test cultures of plant pathogens, as well as significant amount (100) of Trichoderma strains allowed a more objective and systematic assessment of the antagonistic potential of fungi of this genus. Thus, our study of action of the wide range of Trichoderma strains against test cultures of different species showed that the fungi of the genus Trichoderma were effective antagonists of plant pathogenic fungi. The 38% of Trichoderma strains showed a high level of antifungal action and inhibited the growth of plant pathogens by 70% and more. Only 12% of strains showed less than 50% activity. In addition, 35% of Trichoderma strains were active against all eight tested plant pathogen test cultures. The significant amount of studied Trichoderma strains was highly active, and they can be used as a basis for further research to obtain effective biological control agents of plant pathogenic micromycetes.
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Mačionienė, Irena, Dovilė Čepukoit, Joana Šalomskienė, Darius Černauskas, Daiva Burokienė, and Alvija Šalaševičienė. "Effects of Natural Antimicrobials on Xanthomonas Strains Growth." Horticulturae 8, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8010007.
Анотація:
The aim of this work was to investigate the most promising natural antimicrobials effective for the growth suppression of Xanthomonas spp. bacteria. The research objects were Xanthomonas spp. strains isolated from tubers and stem of plants growing in Lithuania: Xanthomonas translucens NRCIB X6, X. arboricola NRCIB X7, NRCIB X8, NRCIB X9, and NRCIB X10; the supernatants of lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis strains 140/2, 57, and 768/5, Lactobacillus helveticus strains 14, 148/3, R, and 3, Lb. reuteri 3 and 7, Streptococcus thermophilus 43, Enterococcus faecium 59-30 and 41-2; endophytic bacterial strains Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Paenibacillus spp.; and essential oils of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), pine (Pinus sylvestris), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), peppermint (Mentha piperita), lemon (Citrus limetta), aqueous extracts of blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus), and cranberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea). The antimicrobial activity of tested substances was determined by agar diffusion method. Supernatants of Lb. reuteri strain 7 and Lb. helveticus strains 14, R, 3, and 148/3 were found to have a high antimicrobial activity against Xanthomonas spp. bacteria strains when compared to the positive control—1.0% copper sulfate (diameter of inhibition zones was 28.8 ± 0.7 mm). The diameter of inhibition zones of supernatants ranged from 23.3 ± 0.6 mm to 32.0 ± 0.1 mm. Thyme (2.0%) and lavender (2.0%) essential oils inhibited the growth of Xanthomonas spp. strains. The diameter of the inhibition zones was from 14.7 ± 0.8 mm to 22.8 ± 0.9 mm. The aqueous extracts of blueberries had a weak antimicrobial activity. The diameter of inhibition zones ranged from 11.0 ± 0.2 mm to 13.0 ± 0.2 mm.
49
Devkota, Anjana, and Ritu K. Das. "Phytochemical screening and in-vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of invasive species Ageratina adenophora collected from Kathmandu valley, Nepal." Scientific World 15, no. 15 (June 14, 2022): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v15i15.45660.
Анотація:
Antimicrobial activity of invasive alien plant species Ageratina adenophora (Sprengel) R. King & H. Robinson was evaluated against six human pathogenic bacteria. The aqueous (distilled water) and alcoholic (methanol) crude extracts from the leaves of the plant were tested against three gram negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniaea (ATCC 15380) and Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 49132) and three gram positive bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212) Bacillus subtilis (ATCC6633) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) using disc diffusion method. Different concentrations of plant extracts (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) were applied and diameter of zone of inhibition (ZOI) of bacterial growth were recorded. Plant extract in both solvent exhibited pronounced results against tested bacteria. Methanolic extract of plant exhibited good activity against tested bacteria when compared with aqueous extract. The zone of inhibition of bacterial growth increased with increasing concentrations. Phytochemical screening of plant exhibited alkaloids, saponin, tannin and flavonoids and plant sample contains higher amount of alkaloid. The demonstration of activity against all tested organisms had shown that Ageratina adenophora can be used to produce raw materials/substances for further development of diverse antibiotics with broad spectrum of activity.
50
Matuda, Yuki, Arihiro Iwasaki, Kiyotake Suenaga, and Hisashi Kato-Noguchi. "Allelopathy and Allelopathic Substances of Fossil Tree Species Metasequoia glyptostroboides." Agronomy 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010083.
Анотація:
Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et W.C. Cheng is one of the oldest living conifer species, and it has remained unchanged for millions of years compared to its fossils from the Cretaceous period. The species are cultivated in the parks, gardens, and roadsides in many countries. We investigated the allelopathy and allelopathic substances in fallen leaves of M. glyptostroboides. An aqueous methanol extract of the fallen leaves inhibited the growth of cress (Lepidium sativum L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Lolium multiflorum Lam., Phleum pretense L., and Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel. The extract was then purified by several chromatographic steps, and two allelopathic substances were isolated and determined by spectral data to be (+)-rhododendrol and 9-epi-blumenol C. The compound inhibited the growth of cress and L. multiflorum. M. glyptostroboides is a deciduous perennial tree, and accumulation of its fallen leaves occur on the soil under the trees. Therefore, those allelopathic substances in the fallen leaves may be liberated into the rhizosphere soil during the decomposition process of fallen leaves and provide a competitive advantage for M. glyptostrob through the growth inhibition of competing plant species nearby. Therefore, M. glyptostroboides is allelopathic, and (+)-rhododendrol and 9-epi-blumenol C may be contribute to the allelopathy.