Статті в журналах з теми "Plant available water-holding capacity"
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1
Silva, Bruno Montoani, Érika Andressa da Silva, Geraldo César de Oliveira, Mozart Martins Ferreira, and Milson Evaldo Serafim. "Plant-available soil water capacity: estimation methods and implications." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 38, no. 2 (April 2014): 464–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832014000200011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The plant-available water capacity of the soil is defined as the water content between field capacity and wilting point, and has wide practical application in planning the land use. In a representative profile of the Cerrado Oxisol, methods for estimating the wilting point were studied and compared, using a WP4-T psychrometer and Richards chamber for undisturbed and disturbed samples. In addition, the field capacity was estimated by the water content at 6, 10, 33 kPa and by the inflection point of the water retention curve, calculated by the van Genuchten and cubic polynomial models. We found that the field capacity moisture determined at the inflection point was higher than by the other methods, and that even at the inflection point the estimates differed, according to the model used. By the WP4-T psychrometer, the water content was significantly lower found the estimate of the permanent wilting point. We concluded that the estimation of the available water holding capacity is markedly influenced by the estimation methods, which has to be taken into consideration because of the practical importance of this parameter.
2
Bordoloi, Reetashree, Biswajit Das, Gyati Yam, Pankaj K. Pandey, and Om Prakash Tripathi. "Modeling of Water Holding Capacity Using Readily Available Soil Characteristics." Agricultural Research 8, no. 3 (September 11, 2018): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40003-018-0376-9.
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Ghassemi-Golezani, Kazem, and Salar Farhangi-Abriz. "Improving plant available water holding capacity of soil by solid and chemically modified biochars." Rhizosphere 21 (March 2022): 100469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2021.100469.
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Araya, Sofanit, Greg Lyle, Megan Lewis, and Bertram Ostendorf. "Phenologic metrics derived from MODIS NDVI as indicators for Plant Available Water-holding Capacity." Ecological Indicators 60 (January 2016): 1263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.09.012.
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5
Lawes, R. A., Y. M. Oliver, and M. J. Robertson. "Integrating the effects of climate and plant available soil water holding capacity on wheat yield." Field Crops Research 113, no. 3 (September 2009): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.06.008.
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Basiri Jahromi, Nastaran, Amy Fulcher, Forbes Walker, and James Altland. "Optimizing Substrate Available Water and Coir Amendment Rate in Pine Bark Substrates." Water 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2020): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020362.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water resources can be used more efficiently by including sustainable substrate components like coir that increase water-holding capacity. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of coir amendment rate on plant available water and plant gas exchange, with the goal of optimizing substrate available water and determining the optimum coir amendment rate in a greenhouse environment. The second objective was to establish the optimum method of determining plant available water using either plant gas exchange parameters or substrate physical properties. Greenhouse experiments were conducted with Hydrangea paniculata ‘Jane’ (Little Lime® hardy hydrangea) potted with one of five different coir rates (0%, 10%, 25%, 40% and 65%) mixed with pine bark on a volume basis. Plant gas exchange parameters and substrate water content were measured daily over a range of increasingly drier substrate moisture contents. Actual photosynthetic rates increased with increasing coir amendment rate and were highest with 65% coir amendment. Amending pine bark with coir increased the water storage capacity, plant available water, and plant gas exchange parameters. Results suggest that 65% coir amendment rate was the optimum amendment rate among those tested in a greenhouse environment and plant photosynthetic rate was the better method of determining plant available water.
7
Nel, P. C., and J. G. Annandale. "Plant available water." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 6, no. 3 (March 17, 1987): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v6i3.953.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The amount of water in the soil available for plant use, as well as water use efficiency, can be largely influenced by managerial practices. Field capacity is a useful arbitrary upper limit of plant available water (PAW), but factors such as redistribution of soil water, evaporative demand and root distribution may influence it. The lower limit of PAW is often referred to as the wilting coefficient, below which soil water is unavailable to plants. Yield losses occur long before the lower limit of available water is reached. Leaf water potential, transpiration, photosynthesis and various other plant processes are drastically reduced after soil water content has reached a certain threshold level. The presence of this threshold soil water content is being questioned by some researchers. Various soil, plant and climatic factors influence PAW. Laboratory measurements of PAW have a few serious shortcomings. In situ measurements are time consuming and for this reason work is still being done on streamlining laboratory methods.
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Kusvuran, Alpaslan, and Sebnem Kusvuran. "Using of Microbial Fertilizer as Biostimulant Alleviates Damage from Drought Stress in Guar (Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) Seedlings." International Letters of Natural Sciences 76 (August 2019): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.76.147.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drought is a significant environmental stress that limits plant growth and yield. In this study, an investigation of guar, grown under different drought level conditions [(S0: 100% of field capacity), S1 (depletion of 75% the available water holding capacity), S2 (depletion of 50% the available water holding capacity), S3 (depletion of 25% the available water holding capacity), S4 (no applied irrigation water)] with regards to the impact of Chlorella vulgaris based microbial fertilizer on physiological, morphological, and enzymatic activity was performed. Microbial fertilizer applications significantly increased shoot length, fresh and dry weight of the shoot and root, and leaf number and area of guar plants compared to the only drought stress treatments. In addition, following the above-mentioned procedures, there were significant increases in the relative water content, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutation reductase (GR) activity. However, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly decreased. Hence, the results support the administration of a foliar application to the microbial fertilizer containing microalgae in order to increase the guar plant’s defense system, enabling it to tolerate the negative effects resulting from drought stress.
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Kusvuran, Alpaslan, and Sebnem Kusvuran. "Using of Microbial Fertilizer as Biostimulant Alleviates Damage from Drought Stress in Guar (<i>Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba</i> (L.) Taub.) Seedlings." International Letters of Natural Sciences 76 (August 6, 2019): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-x0z5sx.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drought is a significant environmental stress that limits plant growth and yield. In this study, an investigation of guar, grown under different drought level conditions [(S0: 100% of field capacity), S1 (depletion of 75% the available water holding capacity), S2 (depletion of 50% the available water holding capacity), S3 (depletion of 25% the available water holding capacity), S4 (no applied irrigation water)] with regards to the impact of Chlorella vulgaris based microbial fertilizer on physiological, morphological, and enzymatic activity was performed. Microbial fertilizer applications significantly increased shoot length, fresh and dry weight of the shoot and root, and leaf number and area of guar plants compared to the only drought stress treatments. In addition, following the above-mentioned procedures, there were significant increases in the relative water content, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutation reductase (GR) activity. However, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly decreased. Hence, the results support the administration of a foliar application to the microbial fertilizer containing microalgae in order to increase the guar plant’s defense system, enabling it to tolerate the negative effects resulting from drought stress.
10
Grabosky, Jason, Edward Haffner, and Nina Bassuk. "Plant Available Moisture in Stone-soil Media for Use Under Pavement While Allowing Urban Tree Root Growth." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 35, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2009.041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Three avenues of experimental observation detail aspects of plant available water holding capacity in compacted stone-soil media designed for urban tree establishment in paved situations. The various compacted media provided an estimated plant available moisture content of 7%–11% by volume, comparable to a loamy sand. Changes in aggregate and of soil influenced initial field capacity moisture content, but high matric potential moisture content was consistent, presumably as a reflection of the aggregate content of the designed system. A large portion of plant available moisture was weakly held in large voids, consistent with related infiltration and permeability data, and could be an influence in water storage and irrigation planning to use layers of designed soils in a layered pavement section for urban vegetation.
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KT, Aruna. "Water Use Efficiency, Yield and Crop Coefficient (Kc) of Groundnut crop under different Water Regimes." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research 3, no. 9 (October 1, 2017): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijasr.v3i9.4421.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The pot experiment was carried out during September 2015 to January 2016 at instructional farm, College of Agricultural Engineering, UAS Raichur under rain shelter to study the effect of different water regimes, (i.e. T1:100, T2:90, T3:80, T4:70, T5:60 and T6:50) per cent of water application with available moisture holding capacity on grain yield and water use efficiency. Completely Randomized block design with four replications was used in this study. The results showed that there was significant difference between the yield and (WUE) under different levels of irrigation. The total irrigation water applied were (i.e., 211.98, 243.02, 225.78, 155.09, 135.51 and 105.62 mm/plant) under different water regime treatments (100, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50 %) of available moisture holding capacity (AMHC) respectively. Grain yield productions under different treatments were 106.25, 171.25, 127.50, 75, 55 and 40.75 g/plant/pot at 100, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50 per cent of AMHC respectively. The results showed that water use efficiency (WUE) at different treatments were 0.50, 0.70, 0.56, 0.48, 0.41 and 0.39 g/mm for (100, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50 %) per cent of AMHC respectively. Therefore, the 90 % of AMHC treatment (T2) is recommended for groundnut irrigation for water saving. The comparison of actual crop coefficient that obtained by water balance technic in experiment and crop coefficient (Kc) values of groundnut for different crop growth stages were selected based on the values suggested by FAO (Allen et al., 1998) are similar in the treatment of 90 % (T2) of the AMHC. Furthermore, the result showed that the treatment of 90 per cent of Available moisture holding capacity (T2) seemed to be better adapted to product a high crop yield with acceptable yield coupling with water use efficiency in this region.
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Argo, William R., and John A. Biernbaum. "491 PB 163 A METHOD FOR QUANTIFYING PLANT AVAILABLE WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY AND WATER ABSORPTION POTENTIAL IN CONTAINER MEDIA UNDER PRODUCTION CONDITIONS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 501f—501. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.501f.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hybrid impatiens were grown in 15 cm pots containing one of six root medium. After seven weeks, plant available water holding capacity (AWHC) was measured as the difference between the drained weight of the plant and pot after a one hour saturation and the weight of the pot when the plant wilted. Water absorption potential (WAP) was calculated as the capacity of each root medium to absorb applied irrigation water up to the AWHC and was measured at two moisture levels with top watering (two leaching fractions), drip irrigation (two leaching fractions) and flood subirrigation. Top watering moist media (initial AWHC = 35%) with leaching fractions of 30+ % was me most efficient method of rewetting media and was the only irrigation method tested to obtain WAP's of 100%. In comparison, flood subirrigation was the least efficient method of rewetting media with WAP of 27% for dry media (initial AWHC = 0%), and obtained a total WAP of 55% for moist media (initial AWHC = 23%). In media comparisons, the incorporation of a wetting agent into a 70% peat/30% bark mix at planting increased the WAP compared to the same media without a wetting agent with nine of the ten irrigation treatments.
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Leenaars, Johan G. B., Lieven Claessens, Gerard B. M. Heuvelink, Tom Hengl, Maria Ruiperez González, Lenny G. J. van Bussel, Nicolas Guilpart, Haishun Yang, and Kenneth G. Cassman. "Mapping rootable depth and root zone plant-available water holding capacity of the soil of sub-Saharan Africa." Geoderma 324 (August 2018): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.02.046.
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Zhao, Weixia, Jiusheng Li, Rumiao Yang, and Yanfeng Li. "Crop Yield and Water Productivity Responses in Management Zones for Variable-Rate Irrigation Based on Available Soil Water Holding Capacity." Transactions of the ASABE 60, no. 5 (2017): 1659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12340.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Effective management of variable-rate irrigation (VRI) is a critical factor for maximizing the benefit of a VRI system. In this study, the influences of soil properties on winter wheat and summer maize were studied to verify whether differences in soil available water holding capacity (AWC) had an influence on crop growth parameters, yield, and water productivity (WP). A center-pivot VRI system was employed to deliver irrigation water across the field in an alluvial flood plain in China, and AWC was used to delineate VRI management zones. Three management zones with substantial differences in AWC were created, with AWC varying from 152 to 161 mm, from 161 to 171 mm, and from 171 to 185 mm for zones 1, 2, and 3, respectively. All zones were managed using the same allowed depletion. In the two-year study, the seasonal irrigation amount was basically equivalent among management zones for both winter wheat and summer maize. Differences in crop growth parameters were detected in plant height and leaf area index for winter wheat. The maximum plant height and leaf area index observed in zone 2 were 5 cm and 2.1 greater, respectively, than in the other zones. For both winter wheat and summer maize, the highest yield and WP were observed in zone 2, except for summer maize WP in the 2014 season. Compared with the average value for this field, the yields in zone 2 were 27% and 23% greater for winter wheat and 4% and 11% greater for summer maize in the 2014 and 2015 seasons, respectively. We demonstrate that AWC is an effective parameter for zone identification in VRI management, and differences in AWC and the layered-textural soils in a field may influence the crop growth parameters, yield, and WP of winter wheat and summer maize. Keywords: Center-pivot irrigation, Critical soil moisture deficit, Management zone, Summer maize, Variable-rate irrigation, Winter wheat.
15
Agbai, W. P., and M. T. Kosuowei. "Influence of land-use systems on hydraulic properties of soils in Yenagoa and Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria." International Journal of Environment 11, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v11i1.45838.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research aimed to determine the effect of different land-use systems on the matric potential, and hydraulic conductivity of the soils of Yenagoa and Amassoma communities. Soil samples were collected from four respective land-use types namely: Fallow land, Oil Palm Plantation, Plantain Plantation, and Virgin land. A total of 12 samples were bulked from three replicates at each land use type and were collected at depths of 0-15cm, 15-30cm, and 30-45cm respectively. The samples were taken to the laboratory to analyze their physical, chemical, and hydrological properties. The result showed that the different land use had a significant effect (P<0.05) on some soil physical, chemical, and hydraulic characteristics. The different land-use systems had a significant effect on the soil hydraulic conductivity with the highest in virgin (13.6 cm/hr) and lowest in the plantain plantation (7.6 cm/hr). The virgin land recorded the highest Soil Water Holding Capacity (SWHC) of 2.85 cm with a range of 1.55 – 2.85cm and Plant Available Water Capacity (PAWC) of 0.19 cm3cm-3, with a range of 0.10 - 0.19 cm3cm-3, while the plantain plantation recorded the lowest (1.55 cm and 0.10 cm3cm3). Based on the study, it is recommended that soils with high Plant Available Water Capacity (PAWC) and Soil Water Holding Capacity (SWHC) be used to cultivate crops that are non-tolerant to water stress while organic amendments are used on soils with low fertility.
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Nusier, Osama K. "Influence of peatmoss on hydraulic properties and strength of compacted soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 84, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s02-020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to its high organic matter content, peatmoss can be highly beneficial to agricultural soil. In this research, the impact of varying organic matter contents at different compaction efforts on water retention, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and modulus of rupture of three soils (sandy loam, clay loam, and clay) has been investigated under laboratory conditions. Compaction changed the ability of the soils to hold water, increased modulus of rupture, and decreased the plant-available water-holding capacity of the soils. On the other hand, organic matter generally increased the ability of the soils to hold water, expanded the available water capacity, and decreased the modulus of rupture of compacted soils. Key words: Peatmoss, water retention, saturated hydraulic conductivity, modulus of rupture
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Malik, Shweta, Kautilya Chaudhary, Anurag Malik, Himani Punia, Meena Sewhag, Neelam Berkesia, Mehak Nagora, et al. "Superabsorbent Polymers as a Soil Amendment for Increasing Agriculture Production with Reducing Water Losses under Water Stress Condition." Polymers 15, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15010161.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With an increasing population, world agriculture is facing many challenges, such as climate change, urbanization, the use of natural resources in a sustainable manner, runoff losses, and the accumulation of pesticides and fertilizers. The global water shortage is a crisis for agriculture, because drought is one of the natural disasters that affect the farmers as well as their country’s social, economic, and environmental status. The application of soil amendments is a strategy to mitigate the adverse impact of drought stress. The development of agronomic strategies enabling the reduction in drought stress in cultivated crops is, therefore, a crucial priority. Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) can be used as an amendment for soil health improvement, ultimately improving water holding capacity and plant available water. These are eco-friendly and non-toxic materials, which have incredible water absorption ability and water holding capacity in the soil because of their unique biochemical and structural properties. Polymers can retain water more than their weight in water and achieve approximately 95% water release. SAP improve the soil like porosity (0.26–6.91%), water holding capacity (5.68–17.90%), and reduce nitrogen leaching losses from soil by up to 45%. This review focuses on the economic assessment of the adoption of superabsorbent polymers and brings out the discrepancies associated with the influence of SAPs application in the context of different textured soil, presence of drought, and their adoption by farmers.
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Bohnert, Catherine A., Christopher Starbuck, and Stephen Anderson. "Amending a Gravel Based Growing Medium with Calcined Clay Improves Physical Properties and Seedling Growth." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 49–156. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-26.3.49.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The Missouri Gravel Bed (MGB) is a system that uses pea gravel with 10% sand (v/v) as a root growth medium, allowing plants to be removed from the gravel and planted, bare root, during the growing season. However, the low water holding capacity of the medium necessitates frequent irrigation. This study was conducted to determine the effects of amending pea gravel with calcined clay (Terra-Green®) on the physical properties of the medium and on growth of Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch seedlings. Adding 10% sand (v/v) increased water holding capacity of the medium slightly at water tensions above 1 kPa. Gravel amended with 40% calcined clay had 16% air-filled porosity and had 3.5 times more plant available water than gravel with sand only. Dry weights of seedlings grown in gravel amended with 40% calcined clay and no sand were over twice as great as those of seedlings grown in the standard MGB medium.
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Grant, C. D., and P. H. Groenevelt. "Plant available water in saline soils – revisited." Soil Research 57, no. 3 (2019): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr18354.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We revisit a previously published approach, and present a new approach, to calculate the effect of osmotic stress on soil water availability assuming conservation of mass with respect to salt. The two (completely different) approaches allow the water capacity to be attenuated and a plant-sensitivity factor is introduced to enhance flexibility in modelling when new plant-response data arises. The results should be of value in evaluation of different cultivars of important crops being screened in the field for genetic tolerance to salinity in different soils.
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Belviso, Claudia, Antonio Satriani, Stella Lovelli, Alessandro Comegna, Antonio Coppola, Giovanna Dragonetti, Francesco Cavalcante, and Anna Rita Rivelli. "Impact of Zeolite from Coal Fly Ash on Soil Hydrophysical Properties and Plant Growth." Agriculture 12, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12030356.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Zeolites can be extensively employed in agricultural activities because they improve soil properties such as infiltration rates, saturated hydraulic conductivity, water holding capacity, and cation exchange capacity. Natural and synthetic zeolites can efficiently hold water. Zeolites are also believed to have the ability to lose and gain water reversibly, without changing their crystal structure. In the present study, several laboratory tests were carried out using: (i) zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash (a waste product from burning coal in thermoelectric power plants), (ii) a silty loam soil, typically found in Southern Italy, and (iii) sunflower as a reference plant. The selected soil was amended with different percentages of zeolite (1, 2, 5, and 10%) and the effects of the synthetic mineral addition on the hydrophysical properties of the soil and plant growth were evaluated. The results indicated that soil–zeolite mixtures retained water more efficiently by pore radius modification. However, this causes a variation in the range of plant-available water towards higher soil humidity values, as the amount of added zeolite increases. These data confirm that zeolite addition modifies the selected hydrophysical properties of the soil with the effect of decreasing the soil drainage capacity, making the soil less habitable for plant growth.
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Beck-Broichsitter, Steffen, Heiner Fleige, and Rainer Horn. "Effect of organic residues on soil properties of loamy topsoil of haplic Luvisol in Northern Germany." Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment 71, no. 1 (June 22, 2020): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/boku-2020-0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SummaryThe application of organic residues should ensure a sufficient air capacity (AC) and plant available water capacity (AWC) to improve the soil aeration and water supply for plant roots, whereas the air permeability (ka) primarily depends on the number of functional and, therefore, connected pores. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of digestates derived from maize (Zea mays L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in ratios of 100%, 80%, and 20%, respectively; compost of shrub debris; and sewage sludge on AC, AWC, and ka values, including the pore continuity indices (c2, c3) of a loamy Ap horizon of a haplic Luvisol. The results indicate that AC values increase from 0.142 of up to 0.191 cm3 cm−3, but pore continuities and AWC values decrease from 0.143 down to 0.111 cm3 cm−3, except for wheat-containing digestate (20w80b), which shows an opposite trend. The application of organic residues can compensate low AC values but not the AWC values. The wheat-containing digestate should be preferred for improving the water-holding capacity and, therefore, the water supply for plant roots.
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Hermawan, Bandi, Hasanudin Hasaanudin, Indra Agustian, and Bambang Gonggo Murcitro. "A Model to Predict Plant-available Water Content of Soils at Different Land Units in Bengkulu, Indonesia." TERRA : Journal of Land Restoration 3, no. 1 (June 19, 2020): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/terra.3.1.10-14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil water availability to the plants is a very important physical property of soil that controls water and nutrient absorption by the plant. It is defined as the difference between the maximum amount of water the soil can hold and the minimum condition that the plant can no longer extract water from the soil. However, soil factors that control the plant available water content (PAWC) in the soil have not been fully understood. The present study aims to analyze the relations between particle-size distributions and organic carbon with the available water of the soil and to develop a model of predicting PAWC. Five soil profiles at different land units were described up to the depth of 100 cm. Ten undisturbed soil samples were taken using the stainless-made core sampler from 10 cm increments for the soil water holding capacity analysis. A similar number of disturbed samples were also provided from the same depths for soil texture and organic carbon analysis. Results showed that the variance in PAWC could be explained by sand and clay fractions (R2>0.35) but not by silt and organic carbon contents. Therefore, we were able to develop a model for the prediction of available water content in the soil from the sand and clay parameters. The model will help decision-makers be able to propose conservation and management strategies for PAWC in agricultural practices as well as for the soil moisture retention at civil works.
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Gladish, Daniel W., Di He, and Enli Wang. "Pattern analysis of Australia soil profiles for plant available water capacity." Geoderma 391 (June 2021): 114977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.114977.
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Frantz*, Jonathan M., Dharmalingam S. Pitchay, and James C. Locke. "Water-holding Polymers: Revisiting Their Role in Bedding Plant Production and Shelf Life." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 856B—856. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.856b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There are several commercial materials available that have remarkable hydrating properties and many claim them to be ideal for use in horticulture and deliver water to the roots better than other soilless media. These are often referred to as “hydrogels.” There is general agreement in the literature that the physical characteristics of hydrogels are altered in the presence of divalent cations such as Ca and Mg. Tap water can reduce the water holding capacity by 70% or more. Unfortunately, the literature agrees on little else in terms of the performance of hydrogels. Some of the confusion is caused in part by comparing one type of hydrogel to another but treating all as equal. There has been no mathematical performance evaluation of hydrogel and what affect the environment may play in that performance to predict potential irrigation savings or shelf life extension. In a series of greenhouse and laboratory studies, we have evaluated the physical characteristics of several types of hydrogels and characterized bedding plant performance throughout a typical growth cycle. We measured leaf expansion, water content of the media, root growth, flowering, and fresh and dry masses. We have found little to no differences in the rate of leaf expansion when using hydrogels, but enhanced root growth early in production with the hydrogels. Our results indicated that plant growth was enhanced early in production, but any advantage they may have was lost by the end of production. Plants grown in hydrogels needed irrigation less frequently than those without hydrogel, but the effect was diminished over time. Since the use of the material can add about 15% to the cost of potting media, this data is designed to assist growers in hydrogel use and to determine any benefits of the added costs.
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Kursar, Thomas A., Bettina M. J. Engelbrecht, and Melvin T. Tyree. "A comparison of methods for determining soil water availability in two sites in Panama with similar rainfall but distinct tree communities." Journal of Tropical Ecology 21, no. 3 (May 2005): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467405002324.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plant productivity, distribution and diversity in tropical rain forests correlate with water availability. Water availability is determined by rainfall and also by the available water capacity of the soil. However, while rainfall is recognized as important, linkages between plant distribution and differences among soils in available water capacity have not been demonstrated. One reason for this may be that measurements of soil moisture, such as gravimetric water content, may be overly simplistic. To investigate this, we compared two sites in Panama, Allee and Rio Paja, which have similar rainfall but different plant communities. Soil water release curves were obtained from about −0.1 MPa to −9 MPa, permitting us to calculate available water capacity. The Rio Paja site had 17% greater available water capacity (between −0.1 MPa to −3 MPa), whereas the gravimetric water content at Rio Paja was lower by 16% in rainy season and by 41% at the end of the dry season. Hence soil gravimetric water content and soil available water capacity did not correspond. The results suggest that available water capacity may better predict plant distributions. Hence, whenever possible, available water capacity should be determined in addition to gravimetric water content.
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., Agbai. "THE SHORT TERM EFFECT OF TILLAGE SYSTEM ON SOIL MOISTURE RETENTION IN BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA." Journal of Wastes and Biomass Management 4, no. 1 (2022): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jwbm.01.2022.45.52.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of the study was to determine the short time effect of tillage system on the water retention capacity of soils in the Niger Delta University Teaching and Research Farm, Bayelsa State. Five treatments (No-till, Digging, Hoeing, Hoeing+Digging once, and Hoeing+Digging twice) were considered. Plant Available Water Content (PAWC) and the Soil Water Holding Capacity (SWHC) were used to determine the soil water retention capacity. The results revealed that the crude tillage methods had a significant (P<0.05) impact on some soil properties. The highest bulk density (1.18g/cm3) was found in the No-till zone, while the lowest (0.89g/cm3) was in the Hoe+Digging twice method. The tillage methods also affected the hydraulic conductivity as the highest value (4.67cm/hr) was found in the hoe+digging zone and the lowest (2.61cm/hr) in the no-till area. Furthermore, the PAWC and SWHC were highest (0.14cm3cm-3 and 2.03cm) at the No-till zone and lowest (0.06 cm3cm-3 and 0.95cm) at the Hoe+Digging twice zone. It is therefore recommended that, for unrestricted flow of water through the soils, compacted soils should be pulverized using tillage implements. Also, for optimal plant water availability, there should be less tillage on coarse-textured soils, as the disturbance promotes rapid leaching.
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Hussain, Altaf, Gail Classens, Sydne Guevara-Rozo, Jonathan A. Cale, Rahmatollah Rajabzadeh, Brosnon R. Peters, and Nadir Erbilgin. "Spatial variation in soil available water holding capacity alters carbon mobilization and allocation to chemical defenses along jack pine stems." Environmental and Experimental Botany 171 (March 2020): 103902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.103902.
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Primanti, Ima Sandra, and Oteng Haridjaja. "Phonska Fertilizer Leaching and Its Effect on Spinach Growth and Productivity (Amaranthus tricolor. L) on Latosol with Different Clay Content." Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2005): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.7.1.22-26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sufficient available water in soil is very essential for plant growth, not only as a nutrient solvent but also to maintainoptimal turgor pressure. Occasionally, additional water supply from irrigation is necessary to achieve optimal soil water,:ondition. The aim of this research was to study leaching of several nutrients correlated to the growth and productivity ofspinach. PHONSKA fertilizer as a source of nutrients was applied to Latosols Darmaga having different clay content. Thetreatments were subjected to different level of water supply resulting in different soil moisture regime. Factorial completelyrandomized design was used for the experiment; the first factor was clay content. Clay content was differentiated between 81% clay (very fine clayey) and 51 % clay (fine clayey). The secondfactor was level of water supply (100, 120, 140 and 160 % ofwater holding capacity).The result of this research showed that the interaction between clay content and amount of water supplied significantlyinfluenced rate of N, P and K leaching, the sum of leached water and also produced plant biomass (P
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Jiang, Pingping, Stephen H. Anderson, Newell R. Kitchen, Kenneth A. Sudduth, and E. John Sadler. "Estimating Plant-Available Water Capacity for Claypan Landscapes Using Apparent Electrical Conductivity." Soil Science Society of America Journal 71, no. 6 (November 2007): 1902–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0011.
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Shaheen, Aqila, Saba Munsaf, Abdul Khaliq, and Nafeesa Zahid. "Comparative Evaluation of Compost, Wheat Straw and Sawdust on Soil Structural Stability, Plant Available Water and Sorghum (Sorghum biocolor L.) Yield." Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences 58, no. 3 (January 17, 2022): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(58-3)635.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The decreased soil structural stability with a resultant reduction in soil porosity, availability of water and nutrients has declined the crop yield. Compost, wheat straw and sawdust, the organic wastes can be effectively used as soil amendments to improve soil structure, porosity and water holding capacity and the crop yield. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) and three types of amendments i.e. compost (CM), wheat straw (WS) and sawdust (SD) were applied at three rates of 0, 4 and 8 t ha-1. The higher sorghum growth was at 8 t ha-1, however, 4 t ha-1 also indicated statistically comparable trend. The highest grain yield of 1357 kg ha-1 and 1374 kg ha-1 was observed in amended soils and type of amendments showed statistically (P≤ 0.05) similar yield. The water contents at field capacity (35.4 %), wilting point (22.5 %) and plant available water (13.25 %) were higher in WS 8 t ha-1 amendment. The higher soil structure stability of 90.78 % was observed in WS with rates of 8 t ha-1. The crop residue WS 8 t ha-1 have the potential to increase soil water retion and soil structure stability as well. The CM, WS and SD amendments significantly improved organic matter (OM), porosity, nitrogen ( N) and phosphorus (P) of soil in 4 and 8 t ha-1 than control. The low bulk density (BD) of 1.07 g cm-3 was in WS 8 t ha-1 and the lower pH was recorded in CM 8 t ha-1. The study showed that all three types of amendments (CM, WS and SD) at 4 and 8 t ha-1 rates have potential to improve the soil structural stability, plant available water and yield of grain sorghum.
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Prakongkep, Nattaporn, Robert J. Gilkes, Worachart Wisawapipat, Parapond Leksungnoen, Chanida Kerdchana, Tawatchai Inboonchuay, Evelyne Delbos, et al. "Effects of Biochar on Properties of Tropical Sandy Soils Under Organic Agriculture." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n1p1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study evaluated the influences of biochar made from local agricultural wastes on sandy soils in farmer fields where biochar has been used as a soil amendment for more than three years. The major objective of this study was to gain insight into the effects of long-term biochar application on properties of sandy soil.
Unamended soil properties were compared to biochar-amended soils properties using the paired samples t-test (p < 0.05). The statistical results of the study indicated that cation exchange capacity, exchangeable potassium, available phosphorus, field capacity, plant available water, water-stable aggregate size fractions (> 1 and < 0.25 mm), median aggregate size and aggregate stability were significantly different at p < 0.05. Clearly, biochar present for 3 or more years can improve soil physicochemical properties.
We conclude that sandy soil properties, especially soil physical properties, are very strongly affected by biochar application combined with conservative soil management. Biochars affect both physical and biological mechanisms of soil aggregate formation because the biochar particle sizes influence the arrangement of clay on biochar and biochar grains provide a favorable microbial habitat and food source for fungi creating microorganism-biochar-soil associations which enhance water-stable aggregates and water holding capacity.
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Pinkerton, Taylor C., Amjad T. Assi, Valentini A. Pappa, Eunsung Kan, and Rabi H. Mohtar. "Impact of Dairy Wastewater Irrigation and Manure Application on Soil Structural and Water-Holding Properties." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 3 (2021): 857–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14351.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
HighlightsQuantitative evaluation was performed of dairy waste on soil water-holding capacity.Considering the soil variability on a farm is significant for management practices.Soil aggregate structure plays a pivotal role in studying the impact of waste reuse.Abstract. The livestock sector contributes about 40% of global agricultural output and uses over 30% of total feed-crop land. The sector’s continuing growth has led to increased technology and larger-scale, commercialized agriculture, and it correlates to growth in by-products and waste, which can compromise the environment and human health. Although organic manure is an excellent soil fertilizer whose nutrient content increases crop yield, untreated and/or overapplied manure pollutes local water resources and can alter soil aggregate structure, potentially affecting soil health and available water. Proper livestock waste management is essential for sustainable food production. Waste reuse strategies exist, with goals such as minimizing freshwater consumption, improving food production, and contributing to energy production, However, each strategy has tradeoffs in environmental, energy, or monetary costs. This study provides a quantitative approach to evaluating waste impact on soil health and helps to better manage irrigation practices and water supply gaps in arid and semi-arid areas by better understanding how management practices affect physical soil health. The TypoSoil apparatus was used to measure and analyze the hydrostructural parameters (water-holding capacity and soil structure) of fine sandy loam (A horizon) and sandy clay (B horizon). Soils from the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Dairy (Stephenville, Texas) were collected and compared with control (untouched) soils. Waste (manure, bedding materials, wash water) was separated into liquid (passed through a natural lagoon treatment process) and solid components (applied as fertilizer). Approximately half the wastewater was reused as wash water, the remainder for irrigation. Although the soil varied substantially between sample locations, a statistically significant difference existed between the control and manure/wastewater applications in both the A and B horizons. Both applications improved plant-available water (AW) in the A horizon (40% and 30%, respectively) but deteriorated AW in the B horizon (25% and 30%). Thus, dairy farm waste is a viable source for agricultural use. Keywords: Available water capacity, Pedostructure, Soil health, Soil shrinkage curve, Soil water characteristic curve.
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Lamm, Freddie R., Danny H. Rogers, Alan J. Schlegel, Xiaomao Lin, Robert M. Aiken, Norm L. Klocke, Loyd R. Stone, and L. Kent Shaw. "Trends in Plant Available Soil Water on Producer Fields of Western Kansas." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 33, no. 6 (2017): 859–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12452.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Residual soil water after harvest and prior to planting was measured to a depth of 2.4 m with neutron attenuation techniques for approximately 45 irrigated corn and 45 dryland wheat fields annually from 2010 through 2012 in the western one-third of Kansas. The sampling locations were in three-county transects in northwest, west central and southwest Kansas with generally five fields for each crop type for each county. Residual plant available soil water (PASW) in corn fields was generally much greater than in wheat fields (150%-160% greater) for any given sampling period illustrating the residual influence of irrigation. Although weather conditions varied between regions and years there was not a strong effect on PASW in irrigated corn fields but there was an effect in dryland wheat fields. Annual differences in fall irrigated corn PASW for the 21 individual fields that were available for sampling in all three years varied less than 50 mm/2.4 m soil profile implying considerable stability in an individual producer’s response (irrigation management and irrigation system capacity) to changing weather conditions as evidenced by the similar year-to-year PASW values. Drought conditions existed for much of the total period (fall 2010 through fall 2012) in southwest Kansas, yet the irrigated corn PASW was still relatively high (PASW value at approximately 62% of water stored at field capacity in a 2.4 m profile). So, the presence of drought may not be a good indicator of the amounts of residual soil water producers are leaving after irrigated corn harvest. Although differences in irrigated corn PASW varied greatly among producers (183% to 722% within a region), there were much smaller differences between regions and years with a variation from 8% to 22%. Irrigation system capacity (flowrate/area) had very little effect on residual fall PASW in the corn fields possibly indicating that producers with deficit capacity are pumping earlier and later into the season to help mitigate their lower irrigation capacity. Irrigated corn grain yields began to plateau when PASW reached a value of approximately 200 mm/2.4 m profile which would represent a water storage of approximately 56% of field capacity. The residual PASW in irrigated corn fields decreased about 1 mm for each 2 mm decrease in irrigation and cropping season precipitation illustrating the difficulties that can arise in managing for a target residual PASW. These results suggest that producers should be scheduling irrigation with science-based methods, rather than habits and previous experiences. Keywords: Corn, Field capacity, Soil moisture content, Soil water, Volumetric water content, Wheat.
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Azam-Ali, S. N., R. C. Nageswara Rao, J. Craigon, K. D. R. Wadia, and J. H. Williams. "A method for calculating the population/yield relations of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in semi-arid climates." Journal of Agricultural Science 121, no. 2 (October 1993): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185960007708x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYBetween 1980 and 1986, six field experiments were conducted to investigate the relations between planting density, total dry matter and pod yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. TMV2) grown at different levels of irrigation and rainfall at two sites in central India. In general, the relationship between total dry matter and planting density for most treatments was well described by the function:where W is the crop dry weight per unit ground area, wm is the maximum weight per plant, Wm is the maximum crop weight per unit ground area and P is the plant population. Because the harvest index, h, was constant for each treatment irrespective of plant population, a similar equation described the relationship between pod yield and planting density. When nine of the eleven treatments planted in a square (i.e. 1:1) arrangement were compared, the asymptotic value Wm varied between treatments depending on available soil water and atmospheric demand. To quantify the effects of plant and environmental factors on crop productivity, a ‘transpiration equivalent’ (ωw; (g/kg)/kPa), i.e. the product of the dry matter/water ratio and mean seasonal saturation deficit D, was used as a crop constant to calculate productivity at each site or season from a knowledge of seasonal rainfall and/or irrigation and soil water-holding capacity. Thus, total crop productivity, W'8, was calculated using the equation W'8 = ωwS/D where S (mm) is a soil supply term dependent on soil water-holding capacity and monthly values of rainfall and/or irrigation. When values for Wm and W'8 were plotted against each other, a linear regression was obtained with a slope = 1·02 (R2 = 0·78). The mean harvest index of 0·38 was used to predict pod yield from a knowledge of W'8. It was concluded that of all the climatic, soil and management factors that influence crop growth in semi-arid situations, it is the interaction between the supply of and demand for water that ultimately determines total productivity, pod yield and optimum plant population.
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Nguyen, M. L., and K. M. Goh. "Distribution, transformations and recovery of urinary sulphur and sources of plant-available soil sulphur in irrigated pasture soil–plant systems treated with 35sulphur-labelled urine." Journal of Agricultural Science 122, no. 1 (February 1994): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600065837.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYA field plot experiment of 271 days duration was conducted on New Zealand irrigated pastures, commencing in the summer (January) 1988, on a Templeton silt loam soil (Udic Ustochrept) by applying 35sulphur (35S)-labelled urine (250 μCi/g S with 1300 μg S/ml) to field plots (600 × 600 mm) at a rate equivalent to that normally occurring in sheep urine patches (150 ml/0·03 m2) to investigate the distribution, transformations and recovery of urinary S in pasture soil–plant systems and sources of plant-available soil S as influenced by the available soil moisture at the time of urine application and varying amounts of applied irrigation water. Results obtained showed that c. 55–90% of 35S-labelled urine was incorporated into soil sulphate (SO42−), ester SO42− and carbon (C)-bonded S fractions within the major plant rooting zone (0–300 mm), as early as 27 days after urine application. Hydriodic acid (Hl)-reducible and C-bonded soil S fractions showed no consistent trend of incorporation. On day 271, labelled-S was found in soil SO42−, Hl-reducible S and C-bonded S fractions to a soil depth of 500 mm, indicating that not only SO42− but also organic S fractions from soils and 35S-labelled urine were leached beyond the major rooting zone. A large proportion (c. 59–75%) of 35S-labelled urine was not recovered in pasture soil–plant systems over a 271-day period, presumably due to leaching losses beyond the 0–300 mm soil depth. This estimated leaching loss was comparable to that (75%) predicted using the S model developed by the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture. The recovery of urinary S in soil–plant systems over a 271-day period was not affected by different amounts of irrigation water applied 7 days after urine application to soil at either 50 or 75% available water holding capacity (AWHC). However, significantly lower S recovery occurred when urinary S was applied to the soil at 25% AWHC than at field capacity, suggesting that urinary S applied at field capacity might not have sufficient time to be adsorbed by soil particles, enter soil micropores or be immobilized by soil micro-organisms. Both soil ester SO42− and calcium phosphate-extractable soil S in urine-treated soils were found to be major S sources for pasture S uptake. Labelled S from 35S-labelled urine accounted for c. 12–47% of total S in pasture herbage.
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NAUSHABAYEV, Askhat K., Tursunay K. VASSİLİNA, Bekzat A. RSYMBETOV, Nurzikhan SEİTKALİ, Alimbay M. BALGABAYEV, and Zhenisgul B. BAKENOVA. "Effects of different polymer hydrogels on moisture capacity of sandy soil." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE (EJSS) 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18393/ejss.1078342.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In arid and semi-arid regions, efficient utilization of available water necessitates the adaptation of appropriate water management practices. One such approach is through soil conditioners like polymer hydrogels. The application of polymer hydrogels aids efficient management of water in agricultural production by increasing water holding capacity and improving water conservation of sandy soils. This has led to practical applications of these materials particularly in arid regions and countries, where water is the limiting factor for plant production. Therefore, the ultimate objective of this study was to address the impacts of different polymer hydrogels such as potassium polyacrylate (PH1), starch-acrylonitrile (PH2), starch-acrylic-acid (PH3) and polyacrylic acid (PH4) on the moisture capacity of sandy soils from sand dune. The sandy soils contained >95% sand. Maximum rate of water absorption of polymers (PH1, PH2, PH3 and PH4) were 174, 38.75, 21.7 and 201.1 times their weight respectively. Four polymer hydrogels with three treatments (0.25:0.75, 0.5:0.5 and 0.75:0.25; v/v) were used in the experiment with four replication. With respect to the untreated soil, addition of polymer hydrogels increased significantly full moisture capacity (FMC) and smallest moisture capacity (SMC) for for all polymer: sand mixtures. PH1 recorded highest FMC and SMC than all four polymers. The results suggest that addition of a potassium polyacrylate to sandy soils is more effective polymer hydrogel at increasing moisture capacity in sandy soils.
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Ozores-Hampton, Monica, Thomas A. Obreza, and George Hochmuth. "Using Composted Wastes on Florida Vegetable Crops." HortTechnology 8, no. 2 (April 1998): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.8.2.130.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Large volumes of compost produced from waste materials like yard trimmings, household trash (municipal solid waste), or biosolids (wastewater sludge) will likely become available for use by the Florida vegetable industry in the future. Using compost to produce vegetables has the potential to increase water and fertilizer conservation and reduce leaching from inorganic fertilizers in Florida's sandy soils. Compost quality for vegetable production systems should be based on soluble salts, phytotoxic compounds, C:N ratio, plant nutrients, trace metals, weed seeds, odor, moisture, pH, water-holding capacity, bulk density, cation exchange capacity, and particle size. In Florida, immature compost contained phytotoxic compounds that were harmful to crop germination and growth. Amending soil with mature composted waste materials has been reported to increase the growth and yields of vegetable crops grown in Florida. However, a beneficial response does not always occur, and the magnitude of the response is often not predictable.
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Ely, Chris, and Mark A. Hubbard. "Growth of Container-grown Plants With and Without Azomite Soil Amendment." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 492c—492. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.492c.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Azomite is a mined, commercially available, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosiliclate soil amendment reported to act as a source of mineral elements. To determine its effect on plant growth, Dendranthema `Connie' rooted cuttings, Malus seedlings, and Citrus seedlings were grown in containers in one of two growing media: ProMix BX or ProMix BX with Azomite (1:1, v:v). Plant height was monitored weekly and after 6 weeks of growth, fresh and dry plant weights of roots and shoots were determined. There was no difference in any of the parameters measured as a result of the addition of Azomite. Any nutritional influence of the Azomite may only be evident in different conditions, e.g., field soil, or over an extended period of time. The Azomite altered the medium's physical properties and therefore bulk density and water-holding capacity of the Azomite were determined for consideration.
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Hussain, Altaf, Gail Classens, Sydne Guevara-Rozo, and Nadir Erbilgin. "Soil Available Water Holding Capacity Can Alter the Reproductive Performance of Mountain Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Jack Pine (Pinales: Pinaceae) Through Phloem Nitrogen Concentration." Environmental Entomology 48, no. 4 (May 23, 2019): 945–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz054.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractMountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytidae) has recently invaded novel jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb., Pinales: Pinaceae) forests in western Canada. Jack pine seems to be a suitable host for mountain pine beetle, but how growing conditions influence jack pine’s quality as a host, and hence, its susceptibility for mountain pine beetle, is unknown. Specifically, how soil nutrient concentrations and available water holding capacity (AWHC) affect jack pine quality should be investigated. Host plant quality is an important determinant of mountain pine beetle host colonization and reproduction and is usually assessed by primary (nutrients) and secondary (defense chemistry) constituents of host phloem. We evaluated mountain pine beetle host acceptance and brood production by recording the percentage of female mountain pine beetle that entered the phloem and oviposited in 30 jack pine bolts from two sites that differed in soil nutrient concentrations and AWHC. We also compared the concentrations of phloem nutrients and defense monoterpenes among the selected trees and found that trees at the Low AWHC site had higher amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Monoterpene concentrations did not differ among trees at the two sites. Host acceptance by and brood production of mountain pine beetle were greater in bolts from the Low AWHC site. We conclude that AWHC of the soil may influence mountain pine beetle host acceptance and brood production through altering host plant quality, particularly nitrogen in the phloem, and will potentially influence any further range expansion of the beetle in eastern North America.
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Prior, Stephen A., G. Brett Runion, S. Christopher Marble, Hugo H. Rogers, Charles H. Gilliam, and H. Allen Torbert. "A Review of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Effects on Plant Growth and Water Relations: Implications for Horticulture." HortScience 46, no. 2 (February 2011): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.2.158.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Empirical records provide incontestable evidence for the global rise in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the earth's atmosphere. Plant growth can be stimulated by elevation of CO2; photosynthesis increases and economic yield is often enhanced. The application of more CO2 can increase plant water use efficiency and result in less water use. After reviewing the available CO2 literature, we offer a series of priority targets for future research, including: 1) a need to breed or screen varieties and species of horticultural plants for increased drought tolerance; 2) determining the amount of carbon sequestered in soil from horticulture production practices for improved soil water-holding capacity and to aid in mitigating projected global climate change; 3) determining the contribution of the horticulture industry to these projected changes through flux of CO2 and other trace gases (i.e., nitrous oxide from fertilizer application and methane under anaerobic conditions) to the atmosphere; and 4) determining how CO2-induced changes in plant growth and water relations will impact the complex interactions with pests (weeds, insects, and diseases). Such data are required to develop best management strategies for the horticulture industry to adapt to future environmental conditions.
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Mitchell, D. C., W. B. Badgery, P. Cranney, K. Broadfoot, S. Priest, and D. Pickering. "In a native pasture, landscape properties influence soil moisture more than grazing management." Animal Production Science 57, no. 9 (2017): 1799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16154.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It has been proposed that changes to grazing systems, from continuous to rotational grazing, alter the pasture mass and composition, which are reflected in changes to stored soil water. Additionally, in highly variable landscapes, determining whether the variation in soil water is due to the inherent landscape properties rather than the imposed grazing management has long been a contentious argument. To address this question, soil moisture was measured across a highly variable landscape under three differing grazing treatments (1-, 4- and 20-paddock systems). From the soil-water measurements, plant-available water and plant-available water capacity were determined. Different production zones (high, medium and low) were identified in the landscape by visually estimating green herbage mass in late spring. There were no observed differences in the measured plant-available water capacity across the grazing treatments; however, significant differences occurred in plant-available water capacity across the three production zones (high-production zone, 114 mm; medium-production zone, 102 mm; low-production zone, 88 mm) within the study period. There appears to be a trend between the plant-available water capacity and near-surface gravel content as measured in production zones. The high production zones held more plant-available water than did the low production zones, enabling more biomass and longer pasture growth during spring and autumn. The plant-available water in the low production zones significantly decreased with time. In all, 22 of the 50 soil-moisture monitoring locations displayed high temporal stability and were identified as being catchment-average soil water-content monitoring locations. A majority of these locations occurred in the medium production zone, demonstrating that representative soil moisture can be measured in these landscapes.
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Liu, Yijian, Mengying Yan, Kyungsu Na, Jiho Hwang, Sooan Shin, Lina Yin, Xiping Deng, and Shiwen Wang. "The New Soil Conditioner DewEco Could Improve Sandy Soil’s Properties for Efficient Maize Growth." Agronomy 12, no. 5 (May 6, 2022): 1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051124.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sandy soil, one of the most abundant soil types in the world, often has lower crop productivity because of poor water and fertilizer retention capacity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the new soil conditioner DewEco (fermented organic material consisted mainly of salt of L-lysine and citric acid) on sandy soil quality and plant growth. Serial dosages of DewEco and nitrogen (N) fertilizer were mixed into sandy soils and planted maize in a greenhouse. DewEco application increased large soil particle composition and decreased small soil particle composition. Soil porosity and the liquid phase increased as the DewEco dosage increased. DewEco also decreased soil pH and increased soil electrical conductivity, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen and available potassium. DewEco significantly enhanced the soil water-holding capacity and soil effective water content although it also increased the wilting coefficient. Finally, DewEco markedly promoted maize growth while improving water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). In addition, there was an interaction effect between DewEco and nitrogen fertilizer, such that the combined effects of DewEco and N exceeded the sum of their respective effects promoting plant growth. Thus, DewEco application can significantly enhance soil water content and nutrient levels by alleviating sandy soil’s physical and chemical properties, thereby promoting plant growth, WUE and NUE. This study indicates that DewEco is a useful eco-friendly sandy soil conditioner for arid and semi-arid regions.
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Madsen, Henrik Breuning, Hugh Riley, and Lars Lundin. "Methods Used for Calculation of Plant Available Water in Nordic Till Soils." Hydrology Research 21, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1990.0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper describes different methods used in the Nordic countries for calculation of the storage capacity of tills for water available for plant production. The purpose of the paper is to give an overall review of the state of art for calculating the plant available water in Nordic tills. The paper is therefore based on already published data and a comprehensive list of references is given.
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Srivastava, Sachin, A. K. Chopra, and Chakresh Pathak. "Ferti-irrigational impact of distillery effluent and Di-ammonium phosphate on the soil and growth characteristics of Egg plant (Solanum melongena L.)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v4i2.264.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A comparative study was conducted to assess the ferti-irrigational effect of Distillery effluent (DE) concentrations such as 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% along with control (Bore well water-BWW) and Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) separately for the pot culture cultivation of Solanum melongena. The results revealed that DE concentrations had significant (P<0.001) effect on EC, Cl¯, Mg2+, OC, HCO3–, exchangeable Na+, available K+, Ca2+, TKN, available P and SO42-, whereas non-significant (P>0.05) effects were observed for water holding capacity(WHC) and bulk density (BD) of the soil. Irrigation with 100% concentration of DE, increased EC (+63.46%), Cl¯ (+292.37%), Mg2+ (+1162.72%), OC (+3763.63%), exchangeable Na+(+264.29%), available K+ (+48.39%), Ca2+ (+815.74%), TKN (+1449.18%), available P (+338.83%), SO42- (+80.07%), while decreased pH (-17.85%) total bacteria (-47.02 %), fungi (-52.17%) and actinomycetes (-82.89 %) in effluent irrigated soil. Application of diluted doses of DE significantly increased plant height, root length, chlorophyll content, leaf area, number of leaves, number of branches, number of flowers, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, number of fruit and crop yield of S. melongena, with the better results being obtained at a dilution of 50% of DE concentration in comparison to DAP and BWW.
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Xu, Nan, Jehangir H. Bhadha, Abul Rabbany, and Stewart Swanson. "Soil Health Assessment of Two Regenerative Farming Practices on Sandy Soils." Sustainable Agriculture Research 8, no. 4 (October 19, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v8n4p61.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The addition of organic amendments and cover cropping on sandy soils are regenerative farming practices that can potentially enhance soil health. South Florida mineral soils present low soil quality due to their sandy texture and low organic matter (OM) content. Few studies have focused on evaluating the effects of farm-based management regenerative practices in this region. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soil properties associated with two regenerative farming practices - horse bedding application in combination with cover cropping (cowpea, Vigna unguiculata), compared to the practice of cover cropping only for two years. The soil quality indicators that were tested included soil pH, bulk density, water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity, OM, active carbon, soil protein and major nutrients (N, P, K). Results indicated no significant changes in soil pH, but a significant reduction in soil bulk density and a significant increase in maximum water holding capacity for both practices. Cation exchange capacity and the amounts of active carbon increased significantly after 1.5-year of the farming practices. Horse bedding application with cover cropping showed a significant 4% increase in OM during a short period. A significant increase in plant-available P was also observed under these two practices. Based on this study, horse bedding application as an organic amendment in conjunction with cover cropping provides an enhanced soil health effect compared to just cover cropping. As local growers explore farming option to improve soil health particularly during the fallow period using regenerative farming practices on sandy soils, these results will assist in their decision making.
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Hansen, Veronika, Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen, Carsten T. Petersen, Teis Nørgaard Mikkelsen, and Dorette Müller-Stöver. "Effects of gasification biochar on plant-available water capacity and plant growth in two contrasting soil types." Soil and Tillage Research 161 (August 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.03.002.
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Jusoff, Kamaruzaman. "Physical Soil-properties Associated with Recreational Use of a Forested Reserve Area in Malaysia." Environmental Conservation 16, no. 4 (1989): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900009760.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Forested areas of Kanching Recreation Forest exposed to concentrated recreational use tend to show signs of deterioration as indicated by soil parameters related to soil compaction. The results of the present study clearly indicate that such a deterioration of soil conditions has already occurred, though not on an alarming scale. Indeed the status of these soils remains favourable, as the figures for saturated hydraulic conductivity and plant-available water are still ‘satisfactory’, or at least were so during the period of study (1989). Surface runoff and sheet-erosion in intensively-used recreational sites must not, however, be looked upon in isolation when advising on recreational forest land-management.A recent study in Kanching Forest Reserve, Malaysia, showed that recreational use of forested areas could adversely affect soil conditions. Soil bulk density and micropore space were significantly increased, but total porespace and macropore space were significantly decreased. Available water-holding capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and particle-size distribution, were not significantly affected by recreational use on such sites, indicating that the status of Kanching Recreation Forest soil is still favourable for plant growth, or at least it was during the period of this study.
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Wu, Renye, Roger Lawes, Yvette Oliver, Andrew Fletcher, and Chao Chen. "How well do we need to estimate plant-available water capacity to simulate water-limited yield potential?" Agricultural Water Management 212 (February 2019): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.09.029.
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Szatanik-Kloc, Alicja, Justyna Szerement, Agnieszka Adamczuk, and Grzegorz Józefaciuk. "Effect of Low Zeolite Doses on Plants and Soil Physicochemical Properties." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 2617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102617.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thousands of tons of zeolitic materials are used yearly as soil conditioners and components of slow-release fertilizers. A positive influence of application of zeolites on plant growth has been frequently observed. Because zeolites have extremely large cation exchange capacity, surface area, porosity and water holding capacity, a paradigm has aroused that increasing plant growth is caused by a long-lasting improvement of soil physicochemical properties by zeolites. In the first year of our field experiment performed on a poor soil with zeolite rates from 1 to 8 t/ha and N fertilization, an increase in spring wheat yield was observed. Any effect on soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), surface area (S), pH-dependent surface charge (Qv), mesoporosity, water holding capacity and plant available water (PAW) was noted. This positive effect of zeolite on plants could be due to extra nutrients supplied by the mineral (primarily potassium—1 ton of the studied zeolite contained around 15 kg of exchangeable potassium). In the second year of the experiment (NPK treatment on previously zeolitized soil), the zeolite presence did not impact plant yield. No long-term effect of the zeolite on plants was observed in the third year after soil zeolitization, when, as in the first year, only N fertilization was applied. That there were no significant changes in the above-mentioned physicochemical properties of the field soil after the addition of zeolite was most likely due to high dilution of the mineral in the soil (8 t/ha zeolite is only ~0.35% of the soil mass in the root zone). To determine how much zeolite is needed to improve soil physicochemical properties, much higher zeolite rates than those applied in the field were studied in the laboratory. The latter studies showed that CEC and S increased proportionally to the zeolite percentage in the soil. The Qv of the zeolite was lower than that of the soil, so a decrease in soil variable charge was observed due to zeolite addition. Surprisingly, a slight increase in PAW, even at the largest zeolite dose (from 9.5% for the control soil to 13% for a mixture of 40 g zeolite and 100 g soil), was observed. It resulted from small alterations of the soil macrostructure: although the input of small zeolite pores was seen in pore size distributions, the larger pores responsible for the storage of PAW were almost not affected by the zeolite addition.
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Fine, Kathryn E., Janet C. Cole, and Chad J. Penn. "Nitrogen Mineralization from Canola Meal or Cottonseed Meal with or without Soapstock." HortScience 48, no. 7 (July 2013): 891–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.7.891.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nitrogen (N) release rate from organic materials through mineralization is affected by the organic material and environmental conditions. Determining rates of mineralization for canola (Brassica rapa L.) meal and cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) meal with or without soapstock (a waste byproduct of seed oil extraction) will establish appropriate application rates for consumers. Canola meal, cottonseed meal, cottonseed meal with soapstock, or no treatment (control) was incorporated at a rate of 4.9 g·m−2 N into three loam soils. Experimental units were incubated for 0, 3, 7, 14, 30, or 60 days while maintaining moisture at 60% water-holding capacity and then analyzed for NH4-N and NO3-N, then plant available N was calculated as NH4-N+NO3-N. Ammonium increased with each seed meal amendment during the first 14 days of incubation and then decreased. Nitrate increased in seed meal treatments during the first 14 days of incubation and then continued to increase as NH4-N ions declined. Canola meal and cottonseed meal with or without soapstock increase plant-available soil N.