Дисертації з теми "Plan de transport"
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1
Molin, Mitzie. "Vulnerability analysis of a public transport expansion plan." Thesis, KTH, Systemanalys och ekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170640.
2
Holm, Otto Franz. "Developing and implementing a strategic plan for Safety Transport Mirrors." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51682.
Анотація:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Safety Transport Mirrors is a vehicle component manufacturer. The company is situated in Atlantis on the West Coast of South Africa. It manufactures rear view mirrors for the seven vehicle manufacturers in South Africa. The effect of the weakening Rand, low productivity ratios, the lowering of import duties and active union activities are some of the factors and causes, which decreases the profit margins and in some instances resulted in Safety Transport Mirrors not being competitive in the local market. The company has a vague vision and mission, and the personnel are not always aware of the internal problems that could have been prevented. There is no structured strategic plan that can be followed to ensure that requirements are adhered to. Therefore, crisis management is part of daily management. The opportunity existed to change and improve on the existing ideas and plans, which could improve the effectiveness of the company. This study project is aimed at using analytical tools to analyse the external and internal environment of the industry as well as the company. Using a situation analysis and the information gathered, a strategic plan will be developed, which will indicate the steps to be used to enable Safety Transport Mirrors to become a competitive and effective organisation. Furthermore, an attempt will be made to make a paradigm shift to management to enable them to look into the future with a new vision for Safety Transport Mirrors.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Safety Transport Mirrors is 'n motorvoertuigkomponent vervaardigingsmaatskappy wat geleë is in Atlantis aan die Weskus van Suid Afrika. Die maatskappy vervaardig tru-spieëls vir die sewe motorvervaardigingsmaatskappye in Suid Afrika. Lae produktiwiteitsverhoudings, die verswakking van die Rand, die verslapping van invoertariewe en aktiewe unies in die industrie is van die oorsake en faktore wat aanleiding gee tot laer winsmarges en in sommige gevalle is Safety Transport Mirrors nie meer kompeterend in die plaaslike markte nie. Die maatskappy het ook nie 'n duidelike visie en missie nie en personeel is nie altyd op hoogte van die inherente probleme wat verhoed kon word nie. Daar is ook nie 'n gestruktureerde strategiese plan wat gevolg kan word om die maatskappy doeltreffend te bestuur nie, en sodoende word daar daagliks krisis bestuur toegepas. Daar was dus geleentheid vir verbetering en implimentering van nuwe idees en planne, wat die maatskappy weer in die regte rigting kan stuur. Hierdie studie projek sal gebruik maak van verskeie analitiese metodes om die eksterne en interne omgewing van die industrie asook die maatskappy te ontleed. Situasie analise sal toegepas word en gepaardgaande met hierdie inligting sal 'n strategiese plan ontwikkel word, wat die stappe sal aandui wat gevolg moet word om Safety Transport Mirrors in 'n kompeterende en effektiewe onderneming te verander. Daar sal ook gepoog word om 'n paradigma verandering onder die bestuur te bewerkstellig, om sodoende te verseker dat hulle met 'n nuwe visie die toekoms van Safety Transport Mirrors sal ingaan.
3
Benhizia, Faten. "OPTIMISATION DU PLAN DE TRANSPORT PAR PLANIFICATION INTEGREE DES RESSOURCES." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EMSE0668/document.
Анотація:
La production des circulations ferroviaires a la sncf repose actuellement sur un processus essentiellement sequentiel dans lequel la conception des grilles horaires de circulation (reservation de l'infrastructure pour la circulation des trains de l'offre de transport de la sncf) conditionne largement la conception des planifications des engins ferroviaires (les roulements engins), puis celle des agents de conduite (adc) (les grilles de service des adc). cette strategie de planification sequentielle des ressources ferroviaires a ete massivement adoptee pour des raisons pratiques et scientifiques (historique, savoir-faire, complexite du systeme ferroviaire, etc.). toutefois, cette strategie de planification sequentielle genere des solutions qui peuvent etre de cout eleve et moins robustes aux aleas, car les decisions prises a une etape donnee peuvent reduire considerablement l'ensemble des solutions realisables aux etapes suivantes. face a ce constat et a la forte interaction entre ces trois ressources heterogenes et tres couteuses, la sncf a souhaite investiguer la praticabilite et les apports d'une demarche d'optimisation du plan de transport par planification integree de ces ressources critiques. dans cette optique, les travaux de these ont porte sur l'etude de faisabilite, le prototypage et la validation d'une demarche de planification integree des ressources permettant d'ameliorer l'efficacite globale du plan de transport, d'accroitre la competitivite de la sncf et d'ameliorer la qualite de ses services. nous avons propose une formalisation du probleme de planification integree engins/adc et des algorithmes performants qui s'appuient sur une approche par relaxation lagrangienne pour resoudre de maniere efficace la problematique etudiee. cette approche repose sur l'exploitation de deux briques logicielles developpees a la sncf pour resoudre chacun des sous-problemes de planification des engins et des adc. les algorithmes ont ete testes experimentalement avec des donnees reelles de la region ter bretagne. differentes evolutions des modeles et des algorithmes ont ete etudiees pour rendre ces derniers plus efficaces. les tests de validation sur des jeux de donnees reelles a une echelle industrielle sont encourageants et montrent des gains potentiels allant jusqu'a 4% des adc exploites par rapport a une approche traditionnelle (sequentielle)The planning of railway production at the french national railways (sncf) is currently based on a mainly sequential process in which the design of railway timetabling widely conditioning design planning of railway equipment (rolling stock), then one of the train drivers (driver rosters). this strategy of sequential planning of railway resources massively adopted for practical and scientific reasons (expertise, complexity of the railway system, etc.). however, this strategy generates solutions which can be more expensive and less robust to uncertainties, because decisions taken at any given stage can significantly reduce the overall feasible solutions of the following steps.given this situation and the strong interaction between these heterogeneous and very expensive resources, the thesis deals with the feasibility and inputs of a process where these critical resources could be planned and optimized in an integrated way. the thesis focuses on the feasibility study, prototyping and validation of an integrated approach for planning rolling stocks and drivers, so as to improve the efficiency of the overall transportation plan, increase sncf competitiveness and enhance the quality of its services. we propose a mixed integer linear programming formulation of the rolling stock/ train drivers integrated planning problem. in this mathematical model, each planning sub-problem is formalized and coupling constraints are further introduced to model the interdependencies of these two resources when they are simultaneously used for train production. in this heuristic, the solution of the lagrangian dual and the calculation of feasible solutions are performed by calling two proprietary software modules available at sncf for planning rolling stocks and train drivers. the heuristic is tested experimentally with real data from the ter bretagne region, and several evolutions are introduced in the models and algorithms so as to improve their performances.validation tests on of real data sets at an industrial scale are encouraging and, when compared to a traditional (sequential) approach, show gain of up to 4% for train drivers used
4
Fahmi. "Integrating disaster mitigation strategies in an integrated land use and transport plan for urban transport sustainability." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16509/.
Анотація:
High-risk cities worldwide face problems regarding increases in vulnerability to natural disaster combined with urban-transport problems. Up till now, there has been no study that was specifically concerned with these two issues simultaneously regarding how these cities should define their sustainability concept and formulate their land use and transport strategies in the framework of sustainable development. This study presents an approach for integrating concepts for disaster mitigation strategies into the land-use transport interaction (LUTI) plan by combining the disaster mitigation strategies with the conventional land use and transport strategies in the framework of urban risk reduction and urban transport sustainability. There were 18 combined alternative policy measures selected, which were classified into three different land use strategies and five alternative different transport policy measures. The land use strategies consist of (A) accommodation (BAU), (B) planned-retreat with strict zoning, and (C) planned-retreat with pricing policy. The alternative transport policy measures consist of (1) Bus rapid transit (BRT), (2) parking charge, (3) cut fuel subsidy, (4) combination of BRT and parking, and (5) combination of BRT, parking and cut subsidy This innovative approach is the first original contribution of this research. MARS LUTI model was modified by adding disaster risk factor in its sub land use of model, which become as the second original contribution of this research. In the level of strategies evaluation, all of the strategies tested were measured using four indicators, which consist of (1) vulnerability, (2) environment, (3) economic and (4) efficiency indicators. The additional of vulnerability indicator the framework of urban transport sustainability is the third original contribution of this research. The main finding for the case study are as follows : (1) the application of the two land use policy measures (strict zoning and pricing) gave significant contribution in reducing city vulnerability to potential tsunami disaster in the future, which could be applied to promote the concept of urban risk reduction. (2) The combination of “push and pull transport strategies” application through the combined BRT, parking and cut subsidy produced the best performance compared to the others alternative policy measures selected. The push and pull transport strategy succeed to direct the evolution of urban transport condition in the framework of urban transport sustainability in order to reach the sustainability objectives.
5
Bachmann, Rachel. "Analyse du plan transport pour l'approvisionnement dans le commerce au détail." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60883.pdf.
6
Cóndor, Melgar Sergio, Wong Bruno Alexander Elera, Vilchez Daniel Loo, Yamamoto Angelo Eduardo Rivera, and Hemelryck Toledo Alexander Van. "Plan de emprendimiento en base a cascos plegables en la ciudad de Lima 2019." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651825.
Анотація:
Hoy en día, nuestra sociedad está contemplando diversos problemas dentro del manejo de tiempo, salud, tráfico y medio ambiente. Es por ello, que muchas personas han dejado de utilizar el medio de transporte convencional (autos, buses, taxis, etc.) y han comenzado a utilizar un medio de transporte alternativo que beneficia tanto a la salud del usuario como a la protección del medio ambiente. Estos medios de transporte son en su mayoría bicicletas, las cuales han tenido un aumento en su demanda de un 25% respecto al año anterior.
Este incremento en la demanda está influenciado por la gran cantidad de millennials que buscan proteger su salud y el medio ambiente. Sin embargo, la mayoría de estos usuarios no utilizan implementos de seguridad. A pesar de que su uso sólo es obligatorio en ciertos distritos los usuarios de igual manera no lo utilizan, en especial el casco que es el implemento de seguridad más importante.
Después de realizar entrevistas a diferentes usuarios logramos identificar cuáles eran los factores clave por lo cual no utilizaban casco como el precio y la comodidad. Con esta información, desarrollamos un casco que puede reducir su tamaño para poder llevarlo dentro de tu mochila o cartera a un precio que se encuentra dentro del rango de la competencia. Es por ello, que con el presente trabajo buscaremos validar si nuestro producto será rentable a través de validaciones, concierge y ventas para demostrar que nuestro producto si es deseado por el usuario.Today, our society is contemplating various problems within the management of time, health, traffic and the environment. That is why many people have stopped using the conventional means of transport (cars, buses, taxis, etc.) and have begun to use an alternative means of transport that benefits both the health of the user and the protection of the environment. . These means of transport are mostly bicycles, which have had an increase in demand of 25% over the previous year. This increase in demand is influenced by the large number of millennials who seek to protect their health and the environment. However, most of these users do not use security implements. Although its use is only mandatory in certain districts, users do not use it in the same way, especially the helmet that is the most important safety device. After conducting interviews with different users, we were able to identify what were the key factors, so they did not use a helmet such as price and comfort. With this information, we develop a helmet that can reduce its size to be able to carry it inside your backpack or purse at a price that is within the range of the competition. That is why, with the present work we will seek to validate if our product will be profitable through validations, concierge and sales to demonstrate that our product is desired by the user.
Trabajo de investigación
7
Slavík, Lukáš. "Ekonomické a sociální souvislosti suburbanizace v obci Lety." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264675.
Анотація:
The aim of this thesis is to create optimal strategy of developement of municipality Lety which is located in suburban area of Prague given suburbanization processes. This paper is focused on economic, social and environmental consequences. The theoretical part is focused on main parameters of suburbanization, its developement in the world and in the Czech Republic, further on types of suburbanization, measurement, causes and consequences. The practical part is focused on a municipality Lety which must face suburbanization processes since 90s. This situation is compared with neighboring municipalities Řevnice, Dobřichovice and Černošice. Based on the findings is created optimal plan of future develepoment municipality Lety which is consistent with its strategical and spatial plan. The methods that has been used on this topic were literature review, data analysis, comparison and observation. To process the data, official statistics were also used.
8
Gamarra, Chumbiauca Carlos Alberto, and Cardenas Patrick Rondinel. "Elaboración de una guía como propuesta de mejora al Plan de Compensación y Reasentamiento Involuntario (PACRI) para proyectos de infraestructura de transporte en Lima Metropolitana." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/628078.
Анотація:
El inicio de la ejecución de proyectos de infraestructura de transporte en Lima Metropolitana ha presentado retrasos; y en muchos de los casos, se ha visto paralizado por la oposición de los expropiados por dejar sus predios, lo cual ha imposibilitado la adquisición parcial y/o total de estos. Esta problemática reside en la deficiente elaboración del Plan de Compensación y Reasentamiento Involuntario (PACRI) que se ha implementado en los proyectos de estudio de la presente tesis: La Ampliación del Aeropuerto Internacional Jorge Chávez, Línea 2 y Ramal Av. Faucett; y la Ampliación de la Autopista Ramiro Prialé, los cuales han mostrado un significativo retraso de su ejecución tras un conflicto constante entre población afectada y la entidad ejecutora del PACRI.
Como propuesta de solución, se elaboró una guía dirigida a proyectos de infraestructura de transporte en Lima Metropolitana, la cual brindará un procedimiento uniforme para la elaboración y posterior implementación del PACRI a partir del uso de buenas prácticas y aplicación de herramientas de gestión, a fin de garantizar el bienestar socioeconómico y cultural de los expropiados.
Para su validación, se procedió a un juicio de expertos en el área de estudio con la finalidad de extraer una retroalimentación de la propuesta de guía obteniendo una mejora del plan compuesto por tres fases: formulación, implementación y expost, las cuales pretenderán velar por el bienestar de la población afectada, minimizando los impactos negativos que puedan generar los proyectos y mejorar la calidad de vida de los mismos después del reasentamiento.The beginning of the execution of transport infrastructure projects in Metropolitan Lima has presented delays; and in many of the cases, it has been paralyzed by the opposition of the expropriated ones for leaving their properties, which has made partial and / or total acquisition of these impossible. This problem lies in the deficient preparation of the Involuntary Compensation and Resettlement Plan (PACRI) that has been implemented in the study projects of this thesis: The Expansion of the Jorge Chávez International Airport, Line 2 and Av. Faucett Branch; and the Extension of the Ramiro Prialé Highway, which have shown a significant delay in their execution following a constant conflict between the affected population and the executing agency of the PACRI. As a solution proposal, a guide was developed for transport infrastructure projects in Lima Metropolitana, which will provide a uniform procedure for the development and subsequent implementation of PACRI based on the use of good practices and implementation of management tools to ensure the socio-economic and cultural well-being of expropriated people. For its validation, a judgement of experts in the area of study was carried out in order to extract a feedback of the proposed guide obtaining an improvement of the plan composed of three phases: formulation, implementation and expost, which will aim ensure the well-being of the affected population, minimizing the negative impacts that projects can generate and improving their quality of life after resettlement.
Tesis
9
Olowoporoku, Aveez Oladotun. "Delivering Improved Air Quality through the Local Transport Plan Process in English Local Governments." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.524702.
10
Shrestha, Amit. "Optimal Strategic Plan for Sustainable Urban Transport System in Kathmandu City Centre : Using Decision Support Systems." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176159.
Анотація:
There are many factors associated with an urban environment that enrich or diminish the experience of the environment. These factors have a significant influence on how an urban morphology is appraised within the social, economical, and environmental framework. One of such factors is the urban transport system that represents the mobility of the people and accessibility to public services. This thesis is an assessment of a current transport system in Kathmandu city centre in comparison to Kathmandu Sustainable Urban Transport Project (KSUTP) promoted by Ministry of Physical Planning and Works in cooperation from Asian Development Bank (ADB). The study aims to find the optimal strategic alternative between the current system and KSUTP. The focus area is the historic city centre, because of its cultural, historical, architectural, and aesthetical significance. Two methods are used for two different purposes; first to measure people’s appraisal and second, to evaluate action alternatives. Measurement of Experience in Environment from Results of Core affect Investigation (MEERCI) is used to measure people’s appraisal and experience of the urban characters of Kathmandu city centre. The results from this survey will provide a background on people’s assessment of the city environs, and collected data from field work will be used in Generic Multi-Attribute Analysis (GMAA) model to determine the best strategic plan for developing sustainable urban transport system for Kathmandu city centre. The hard facts and figures are collected from authorities, ministries, and previous researches, which is then entered into the model to evaluate the optimal alternative. It is concluded that improvements in the current transport system in Kathmandu city centre, with the implementation of KSUTP, will result in better environment for the local population, local economy, public services, and transport facilities. In short, the quality of life will be enhanced with an upgrade in the urban transport system.
11
Beytell, Cornell. "Sustainable transport and intermodal solutions for urban growth and development : a case study of the Integrated Gauteng Transport Master Plan 2025 / C. Beytell." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9108.
Анотація:
“Our next step is the future, but the future is here and now.”
We live in a constantly changing world, with a continuous change in urban growth and
development. There has been a significant growth in freight traffic over the last few
decades. The development of road transport, which contributes to air pollution, noise,
congestion, and safety concerns, is particularly a concern in South Africa, where freight
traffic is concentrated on a limited number of routes and where topography results in the
limited spreading of pollutions.
High national freight logistics costs, major road infrastructure challenges and
environmental impact concerns of a road conquered freight transport market have
fuelled this study’s interest in intermodal transport solutions. Concerns of planning for
sustainable and intermodal development have incited this study to reach a consensus
surrounding the necessity of balancing the use of different transportation modes, and in
particular, increasing rail mode share.
The issue of sustainable intermodal transport in South Africa is very critical due to the
expansion of cities and that people do not pay attention to all aspects such as the
significance of the environment, economy and social structures. Some challenges
include high demand, inefficient and inadequate terminal and rail systems, high fuel
costs, limited collaboration, process inefficiencies and skills shortages. The field of
sustainable development can be conceptually broken into three legs: environmental
protection, economic sustainability and social justice. The transport sector in South
Africa runs at a significant cost to road infrastructure, resources and the environment.
This study investigates two corridors namely the Gauteng – Durban and the Gauteng –
Cape Town corridors; if these two can be an example of a sustainable intermodal
transport network it would reduce a lot of stress from the environment, economies and
social activities. Intermodal solutions play an important role in the growth and
development of sub-Saharan Africa and the Africa continent as a whole, efficiencydriven
transportation systems enable growth and thereby, competitiveness.
Due to the fact that the Gauteng 25 year Integrated Transport Master Plan is still in
progress and have not yet been finalised, this study can be a seen as a guideline for
freight transport with regards to the final integrated transport master plan. The main aim
of this study is to do a investigate sustainable and intermodal transport to determine
whether there are an opening-break for this, and to recognise solutions and
opportunities in our current postmodern world, to identify what the future (2025)
beholds.
“The future lies before you, like paths of pure white snow. Be careful how you tread on
it, for every step will show.”Thesis (MArt et Scien (Urban and Regional Planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
12
Karlsson, Sandra, and Madelene Molin. "Survey of delivery plan at Skanska Sverige AB distrikt Östergötland." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138689.
Анотація:
Kartläggning på Skanska AB Östergötland av informationsspridningen av leveransplanen. En identifikation av brister i denna spridning mellan inköpare, produktionsledare, produktionschef, underentreprenör och leverantör.
13
Potgieter, Andries Hendrik. "Appraising the national road transport system in the light of the South African economic development plan." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3655.
Анотація:
Since the mid 70’s politicians have realized how important transport has become in the economy of South Africa and the advantages it has on growth, job creation and infrastructure. The result was involvement in the rules and regulations that govern South African transport in our country today. Economic growth has become a critical factor for the survival of economies as well as the future prospects of generations to come. The global recession which had a direct and indirect effect on South Africa has highlighted the importance. The question on how the National Development Plan could have an influence on local and national economic growth has developed as well as what the impact will be of the contribution road transport can make on the growth of the South African society and the economy. When the current road transport sector is taken into consideration, the need for a constructive plan that can assist transporters, drivers and businesses to grow and expand has been identified. The purpose of this study is thus to determine what the current economic situation in the world and in South Africa is as well as how the current political spheres are contributing to the national economy. An in-depth analysis of the National Development Plan has been done with emphasis on the effect on transport in general and the effect on road transport in South Africa. In order to accomplish this objective a detailed literature study was done which highlighted the academics information that pertains to the above mentioned topics. An empirical study that would measure the thought process and feelings about the National Development Plan and road transport has been conducted by means of a questionnaire. The results of the study have indicated that the National Development Plan could be an important tool and could have an enormous positive effect on the overall economic situation of South Africa and its citizens. In addition, the study has revealed that in the long term the effect of the plan could be to the advantage of the road transport sector. Factors that could contribute to the success would be features such as the planned improvements on the main transport corridors, upgrade of infrastructure and the controlling of environmental matters would have give a positive ring to it. On the other hand, recommendations to rectify and improve other issues such as corruption, leadership, maintenance backlogs and stricter laws and policies have been identified that are hindering businesses to grow and expand. Literature and data gained through the empirical study has indicated that the National Development Plan will improve South Africa’s economic situation. Respondents were optimistic about the plan and the overall feeling were that the plan will succeed in improving the road transport sector thus contribute to the National Development Plan objective to eliminate poverty and inequality by 2030.
14
L'Allier, Simon. "Évaluation du processus de consultation publique sur le Plan de transport de la Ville de Montréal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26811/26811.pdf.
15
Brethomé, Lucile. "Modélisation et optimisation d’un plan de transport ferroviaire en zone dense du point de vue des voyageurs." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECLI0014.
Анотація:
La conception d’un plan de transport d’un service ferroviaire est un processus qui se réalise entre deux ans et six mois avant la mise en service de celui-ci. Les principales phases de la conception sont la définition des dessertes, le calcul de la grille horaire et enfin l’organisation des roulements de rames et des conducteurs. La manière dont le plan de transport est conçu peut avoir de nombreuses conséquences sur la qualité de service : fréquence en gare insuffisante qui peut entrainer une perte de clients, robustesse de la grille horaire face à de petits incidents... En zone dense, tous ces éléments sont à prendre en compte, dès la conception de la grille horaire.Aujourd’hui, SNCF Transilien conçoit ses plans de transport en prenant d’abord en compte l’optimisation des ressources de production (sillons, rames et agents de conduite). Toutefois, l’augmentation des ressources mises en œuvre n’améliore plus l’adéquation du plan de transport à la demande des voyageurs. Ce mode de conception ne permet donc plus de faire face à l’augmentation de la demande de mobilité. C’est pourquoi il faut repenser la conception du plan de transport en intégrant immédiatement la dimension voyageuse.Nos travaux se concentrent sur les problématiques de conception de dessertes et de grille horaire, en prenant en compte le point de vue des voyageurs. Nous présentons un modèle multiobjectif de conception de dessertes, puis nous présentons un modèle de conception de grille horaire intégrant le choix d’itinéraire des voyageurs. Ensuite, nous présentons une méthode cherchant à intégrer ces deux modèles. Enfin, nous présentons une évaluation de nos résultats grâce à des indicateurs de fiabilitéThe design of a railway transportation plan is a process achieved between two years and six months before it is put into service. The main phases in the design of a transportation plan are the line planning, the timetabling, the rolling stock and the crew scheduling.The design of the transportation plan can have many consequences on the quality of service: an inadequate frequency in station can cause a loss of passengers, sufficient number of seated places, robustness of the timetable in the face of small incidents... In dense area, as in the Ile-de-France region, all these elements must be taken into account as the transportation plan is designed.Today, SNCF Transilien designs its transportation plans by first taking into account the optimization of production resources (train paths, rolling stock units and drivers). However, today, the increase in resources implemented no longer improves the adequacy of the transportation plan to passengers’ demand. This design method no longer makes it possible to cope with the increase in the demand for mobility (+3% each year since 2000). This is why we must rethink the design of the transport plan by immediately integrating the passenger dimension. Our work focuses on issues of line planning and timetabling in a passenger-oriented approach. First, we present a multi-objective model for line planning. Then, we present a model of timetabling incorporating passenger route choice. Then, we initiate a method to integrate these two models. Finally, we present an evaluation of our results thanks to reliability indicators from the literature and a macroscopic simulation of the timetables
16
Vitale, Robert. "A sustainable quandary: an exploreatoin of sustainability as interpreted by the Integrated Regional Transport Plan, South East Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/226895/1/A%20Sustainable%20Quandary_Vitale_2001.pdf.
Анотація:
This document examines the broad relationship between transportation and
sustainability in South East Queensland. In essence, it addresses the question of
whether a quandary exists in the interpretation of sustainability amongst the
region's transport policy makers. The principal policy document considered is the
Integrated Regional Transport Plan (IRTP) for South East Queensland. Released in
1994, this document represents the overriding plan for the development and
management of transport systems over a twenty five year horizon. The update to
the IRTP, 2000 Vision, also forms part of this examination.
Sustainability is seen here as the fu lfilment of tangible net gains in the environment,
society and the economy for present and future generations by establishing a
balance between each. It aims to improve the quality of life for all inhabitants.
Transportation systems affect these th ree broad elements of human settlements -
the natural environment, society and the economy. A framework for evaluating
sustainability in transportation is developed as a key component of this dissertation
based on an examination of the impacts on these elements. By applying this
framework to the IRTP, the dissertation proposes an answer to the interpretative
quandary.
The IRTP incorporates sustainability principles in its policies. These policies are
based on non-restrictive transport measures meaning that road capacity and
existing low parking prices are maintained for instance. Its main thrust is the
improvement of public transport so as to establish a greater share of users. This
way, the IRTP believes that a "more sustainable transport system" is created. This
dissertation suggests that a quandary exists not in the interpretation of sustainabil ity
but in the means of achieving its very essence. With existing land use policies and
a road-based transport culture reinforcing a dispersed spatial pattern, the IRTP's
intention is that which may not be fully realised.
17
Harasse, Sébastien. "Analyse d'images en vidéosurveillance embarquée dans les véhicules de transport en commun." Grenoble INPG, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00238440.
Анотація:
Dans le cadre de la conception d'un système d'enregistrement vidéo embarqué destiné à la surveillance dans les véhicules de transport en commun, des applications de détection d'anomalies de fonctionnement des caméras, de compression sélective et de comptage de personnes sont étudiées. Elles sont basées sur une analyse des images issues des caméras de surveillance du véhicule. Les différentes variations en illumination et en mouvement perturbent les algorithmes classiques, ce qui demande l'élaboration d'outils spécifiques. Dans une première partie, nous nous intéressons à l'analyse de l'état du système d'acquisition, en terme de netteté des images, de bon positionnement de la caméra et de bonne visibilité de la scène filmée. Dans une deuxième partie, nous abordons la détection et le suivi de personnes dans cet environnement dynamique. La combinaison d'informations sur le mouvement et la teinte chair au sein un modèle de personne adapté au problème posé permet de localiser les passagersLn the context of the design of a video surveillance recorder embedded in public transportation vehicles, the detection of cameras dysfunctions, selective video compression and people counting are studied. These applications are based on the analysis of images acquired from the surveillance cameras in the vehicle. The many variations in illumination and motion disturb classical algorithms, so that specifie tools are designed. Ln the first part, we are interested in the analysis of the status of the camera, concerning the blur in images, the position of the field of view and the visibility of the scene. Ln the second part, we address the problem of the detection and tracking of passengers in this dynamic environment. The combination of motion and skin color into a human model adapted to the given problem makes the localization of the passengers possible
18
Araujo, Pimentel Maria Esther, Huaya mares Iris Carolina Centurión, Lopez Luis Alberto Céspedes, Niño Julissa Llacsahuanga, and Milla Jessica Milagros Ochoa. "Plan de negocio para la creación de una empresa que ofrece una aplicación (App) para servicio delivery/courier." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655557.
Анотація:
En la actualidad, el internet ha cambiado las actividades de las personas y de las empresas. Estas últimas se han adecuado a nuevas tecnologías para satisfacer la demanda y expectativas de sus clientes además de innovar en procesos para reducir costos y aumentar los beneficios. Por ello, han optado por implementar aplicativos móviles a sus negocios como medio de generar información en tiempo real y simplificar procesos.
Por otro lado, la tecnología ha dado pie a nuevos modelos de negocios basado en el emprendimiento de las personas, las cuales han ido creciendo aceleradamente. Estos modelos de negocio tienen como base la tercerización de procesos para reducir costos de personal, de producción y logístico.
A inicios del 2020, apareció el COVID-19 un virus que mantuvo en confinamiento a las personas lo cual provocó que pequeñas y medianas empresas cerrarán y/o reinventarán sus modelos de negocio de acuerdo con las nuevas necesidades del mercado.
Por ello, nace nuestro proyecto de negocio Super Delivery Express Service, el cual, busca ofrecer el servicio de delivery/courier a personas naturales, pequeñas y medianas empresas del NSE A de Lima Metropolitana a través de un aplicativo móvil y las encargadas de realizar los servicios serán mujeres que cuenten con movilidad propia con ello generan una fuente de ingreso para su hogar.
Los resultados obtenidos de nuestra investigación muestran que es viable implementar el negocio y más adelante se puede escalar a nuevos nichos de acuerdo con la demanda del mercado.Today, the internet has changed the activities of people and companies. The latter have adapted to new technologies to meet the demand and expectations of their customers, as well as innovating processes to reduce costs and increase profits. For this reason, they have chosen to implement mobile applications to their businesses as a means of generating information in real time and simplifying processes. On the other hand, technology has given rise to new business models based on people's entrepreneurship, which have been growing rapidly. These business models are based on outsourcing processes to reduce personnel, production and logistics costs. At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 appeared, a virus that kept people confined, which caused small and medium-sized companies to close and / or reinvent their business models in accordance with the new market needs. For this reason, our business project Super Delivery Express Service was born, which seeks to offer the delivery / courier service to individuals, small and medium-sized companies of the A SEL of Metropolitan Lima through a mobile application and those in charge of carrying out the services will be women who have their own mobility, thereby generating a source of income for their home.
Trabajo de investigación
19
Al, Ghabra Mouhammed Anwar. "Géométrie des espaces riemanniens." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10516.
Анотація:
Dans ce travail, nous présentons une méthode de résolution de l'équation de la courbe géodésique en utilisant le symbole de Christoffel. En effet, l'équation de la courbe géodésique contient une dérivée covariante.
20
Brennan, Wayne. "An Analysis of the Performance of Low Capacity Diversion Routes during Motorway Incidents." Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365509.
Анотація:
The effective operation of any transport infrastructure component is essential in maintaining and developing the growth of communities, towns and cities. In particular peak traffic times it may be hard for the transport agency to keep the network operating in an optimal state, as there may be many conflicting priorities. When an incident happens on the road network, Incident Management procedures and plans play a major role in helping the network work through the impacts of the incident to achieve pre-incident traffic conditions. There are many objectives with these incident management programs including reducing costs, delays and emissions while trying to provide benefits to the wider community.
Part of the incident management plan may include the use of a diversion route where incident-induced traffic queues are directed from the incident bound motorway, around the incident site, to later re-join the motorway. The ability of this diversion route to cope with this extra traffic can be measured qualitatively and quantitatively by examining level of service and capacity criterion respectively. The rate of diversion from the motorway plays a major part in determining the optimal operating conditions for a diversion route, particularly if the diversion route has a small capacity. Unfortunately, low capacity usually plays hand in hand with low level of service and as such, the achievement of a fine working diversion route during motorway incidents is paramount. With the addition of another diversion route, the management of incident-induced traffic queues could be seen as a little easier, but this may not be totally true.
The present research aims to address these difficulties which are faced by road and transport operating authorities. This is achieved primarily by the use of a traffic microsimulator (AIMSUN) which can be used to model different incident scenarios to give an indication of how to effectively use a diversion route network with the aim to restore pre-incident traffic conditions. These outcomes can then be utilised by Traffic Management Centres in their incident management procedures and be further used (with some modifications if necessary) to other areas of motorways in this local area and other parts of the state.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
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Santos, Ana Laura Lordelo dos. "Uma análise exploratória de barreiras na implementação do plano de mobilidade urbana nas cidades de pequeno e médio porte no estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152539.
Анотація:
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente estudo objetiva contribuir com a promoção de uma mobilidade sustentável através da identificação das principais barreiras que dificultam a implementação dos Planos de Mobilidade Urbana (PMU) , e m conformidade com a Lei n.12.587/2012, retardando o alcance e evolução de cidades mais sustentáveis e acessíveis. Tal identificação pode apoiar o planejamento estratégico através de informações objetivas que podem ser usadas para aconselhar políticos e de mais partes interessadas na promoção da mobilidade urbana sustentável nas cidades de pequeno e médio porte do Estado de São Paulo. Para responder esta questão foi utilizada uma pesquisa exploratória e quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada através d o procedimento do tipo survey , utilizando um questionário semiestruturado enviado aos gestores públicos de cidades de pequeno e médio porte responsáveis pela mobilidade urbana , bem como para especialistas sobre o tema. Houve diferenças entre a percepção de barreiras entre os municípios de pequeno e médio porte, bem como entre os municípios e os especialistas. Para os municípios as principais barreiras encontram - se nas barreiras de recursos e nas barreiras sociais e culturais, já para os especialistas as bar reiras práticas e tecnológicas e as barreiras institucionais e políticas foram as mais relevantes. Na barreira de recursos foram apontadas limitações orçamentárias para investir em sistemas de transportes mais sustentáveis, limitações orçamentárias para a implementação das medidas propostas, bem como o repasse insuficiente de verbas do governo federal para a mobilidade urbana. Nas barreiras sociais e culturais as principais dificuldades são a falta de participação pública na elaboração do PMU, dificuldades em adotar soluções que atendam às necessidades dos diferentes atores envolvidos, e dificuldade em conciliar as necessidades da população aos serviços e infraestrutura disponíveis. Também foram relevantes a ausência de uma base de dados integrada, falta de mão de obra qualificada dentro da prefeitura e a dependência de outros setores para a adoção de soluções para a mobilidade.
The present study aims to contribute to the promotion of sustainable mobility by identifying the barriers that are an impediment for Urban Mobility Plans (UMP) implementation in accordance with Law no. 1287//2012, delaying the achieve ment and evolution of more sustainable and acce ssible cities. Thus, aim to support strategic planning through objective information that can be used to advise politicians and other interested parties in the promotion of sustainable urban mobility in the small and medium - sized cities of the State of São Paulo. To answer this question it was used an exploratory and quantitative analysis and the data collection was performed through the survey procedure using a semi - structured questionnaire , which was sent to public managers of small and medium - sized citie s, as well as experts on the subject. There were differences between the perception of barriers between small and medium sized municipalities, as well as between municipalities and specialists. For municipalities, the main barriers are found in resource ba rriers and in social and cultural barriers, while for practitioners, practical and technological barriers and institutional and political barriers were the most relevant. In the resource barrier, there were budgetary constraints to invest in more sustainab le transport systems, budget constraints for the implementation of the proposed measures, as well as the insufficient transfer of funds from the federal government to urban mobility. In social and cultural barriers the main difficulties are the lack of pub lic participation in the elaboration of the U MP, difficulties in adopting solutions that meet the needs of the different actors involved, and it is difficult to reconcile the needs of the population with the available services and infrastructure. Also rele vant were the absence of an integrated database, lack of skilled manpower within the city hall and dependence on other sectors for the adoption of mobility solutions.
22
Marrel, Amandine. "Mise en oeuvre et utilisation du métamodèle processus gaussien pour l'analyse de sensibilité de modèles numériques : application à un code de transport hydrogéologique." Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000242/.
Анотація:
Dans le cadre des études d'impact et de maîtrise des risques environnementaux, des modèles numériques sont utilisés pour simuler, expliquer et prédire les transferts de polluants. Ces codes de calcul prennent en entrée un grand nombre de paramètres entachés d'incertitudes (paramètres géophysiques, chimiques, etc. ) et peuvent s'avérer couteux en temps de calcul. Pour propager les incertitudes des paramètres d'entrée et déterminer leur influence sur la réponse du code, ce dernier est approximé par un métamodèle, plus rapide à évaluer et construit à partir d'un nombre limité de simulations du code. Nos travaux de recherche se sont concentrés sur l'utilisation du métamodèle processus gaussien afin de réaliser l'analyse de sensibilité des codes. Nous avons proposé une méthodologie alliant procédures d'estimation et de sélection afin de construire le métamodèle dans le cas d'un grand nombre d'entrée et à partir d'un nombre limité de simulations. Nous avons ensuite comparé deux approches pour estimer les indices de sensibilité à partir du métamodèle processus gaussien et proposé un algorithme pour construire des intervalles de confiance pour ces indices. Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés au choix des simulations numériques et étudier l'influence de différentes stratégies d'échantillonnage sur la prédictivité du métamodèle. Enfin, nous avons étendu nos travaux au cas d'une sortie fonctionnelle d'un code en couplant le métamodèle processus gaussien à une décomposition sur une base d'ondelettes avant de construire des indices fonctionnels de sensibilité. Tous les outils et méthodologies statistiques développés ont été appliqués au cas d’un code de transport hydrogéologiqueIn the studies of environmental transfer and risk assessment, numerical models are used to simulate, understand and predict the transfer of pollutant. These computer codes can depend on a high number of uncertain input parameters (geophysical variables, chemical parameters, etc. ) and can be often too computer time expensive. To conduct uncertainty propagation studies and to measure the importance of each input on the response variability, the computer code has to be approximated by a metamodel which is build on an acceptable number of simulations of the code and requires a negligible calculation time. We focused our research work on the use of Gaussian process metamodel to make the sensitivity analysis of the code. We proposed a methodology with estimation and input selection procedures in order to build the metamodel in the case of a high number of inputs and with few simulations available. Then, we compared two approaches to compute the sensitivity indices with the metamodel and proposed an algorithm to build prediction intervals for these indices. Afterwards, we were interested in the choice of the code simulations. We studied the influence of different sampling strategies on the predictivity of the Gaussian process metamodel. Finally, we extended our statistical tools to a functional output of a computer code. We combined a decomposition on a wavelet basis with the Gaussian process modelling before computing the functional sensitivity indices. All the tools and statistical methodologies that we developed were applied to the real case of a complex hydrogeological computer code, simulating radionuclide transport in groundwater
23
Ibnouzahir, Mohamed. "Simulation du transport d'un faisceau d'ions lourds relativistes dans la matière ; contribution du processus de fragmentation et implication sur le plan biologique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF21689.
Анотація:
L'etude des collisions d'ions lourds relativistes permet d'aborder les proprietes de la matiere nucleaire dense et fortement comprimee ainsi que les mecanismes de reactions. Ces etudes ont egalement un interet sur le plan biologique dans la mesure ou l'on envisage a l'heure actuelle des actes de radiotherapie utilisant des particules a transfert d'energie lineique eleve (neutrons, protons, ions lourds). Il devient alors necessaire de bien comprendre les processus qui interviennent lors de la propagation d'un faisceau d'ions de plusieurs centaines de a. Mev dans la matiere. Nous avons realise un code de transport en trois dimensions utilisant une methode de monte-carlo pour decrire la propagation d'ions ne et ar dans l'eau. Les collisions nucleaires violentes aboutissant a des processus de fragmentation ont ete prises en compte par utilisation du programme freesco. Nous avons teste la validite de notre modele de transport et montre une modification importante du depot d'energie au voisinage du pic de bragg ; cette modification, due aux reactions de fragmentation, est d'une importance capitale pour les applications biologiques
24
Machobane, Thabang Daniel Gladwin. "Total quality management and effective urban public transport operations at Sedibeng District Municipality / by Thabang Daniel Gladwin Machobane." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2652.
Анотація:
Total Quality Management (TQM) at the urban interface is one means to delivering improved value of tax payers' money, but effective urban public transport is one step along the road to a better quality of urban life in general. Similarly, TQM is an organizational philosophy that stresses meeting customer requirement and expectations the first time, and sustainably. Philosophy, therefore, in this context encompasses a set of structured principles, value systems with attitude and beliefs, and processes that are never ending and always in motion: detecting and preventing defects while creating an idea of innovation. The role that transport plays in the social and economic development of any country is significant. Urban public transport authorities have recognized transport as one of its priority for socio economic development in meeting basic needs of its people. Specifically, a public transport system has been identified as being vital to social and economic development. In this context, urban public transport is a key link to access services and other livelihood assets to serve the poor such as women, children and the disabled people effectively. Urban public transport operations at Sedibeng District Municipality (SDM) are deteriorating. This deterioration manifest in the form of delay, pollution, inadequate infrastructure, high transportation costs, lack of public participation, constraints of planning and co-ordinating; and lack of coherent public transport operations. Mass Transport (trains, buses and mini-bus taxis) are scarce, overcrowded, unreliable and involve long walking distances. Whilst many municipalities have made significant strides in adopting TQM, little has been written on how TQM has been applied in the Department of Transport and Infrastructure Planning of the Cluster: Transport, Infrastructure and Environment. The fundamental objective of this study, consequently, is to empirically investigate the relationship between TQM and effective Urban Public Transport operations at Sedibeng District Municipality. In evaluating the level of TQM implementation at Sedibeng District Municipality (SDM), the concepts and principles from an examination of documentary data and analyses were applied. In testing the validity or otherwise of the hypothesis, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussion and participant observation methods were conducted to solicit comments from senior managers, employees, public transport operators and users. This study reports the results of a full survey among a sample of the District-wide customers in the study area. It was found, amongst others, that: the overwhelming majorities of the Senior Management Team are educated and have rich years of experience in working in local government to ensure that strategies, structures, and processes are in place for the continuous improvement of service quality for customer satisfaction;
the drafting of the TQM strategy by the Senior Management Team is not inclusive of the broader stakeholder such as internal and external customers; SDM as a whole is not customer orientated, hence TQM calls for a cultural transformation that requires employee involvement at all levels and the spirit of teamwork amongst managers, employees, operators and users; employees are not encouraged to use Total Quality concepts to improve their work process;
statistical tools and process control charts are typically not used or understood by employees. In this case, opinions are clear on this item since employees have not been trained in the use of statistical tools and process control charts. The study ends with recommendations for management action in improving urban public transport by making use of TQM as a management tool.Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.
25
Coulombier, Quentin. "Fibres microstructurées en verres de chalcogénures pour la génération de super continuum et le transport de puissance dans les fenêtres atmosphériques 3-5 et 8-12 µm." Rennes 1, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00531237.
Анотація:
Deux intérêts des verres de chalcogénures (VC) sont leur transparence dans l’infrarouge (IR) et leurs propriétés non linéaires. Les fibres microstructurées (MOF) permettent un guidage monomode et/ou d’exacerber les effets non linéaires (ENL). Les MOF en VC permettent un guidage monomode et/ou des ENL importants dans l’IR. Les MOF en VC peuvent servir à fabriquer des lasers fibrés, pour la spectrométrie, pour l’interférométrie, et pour la régénération de signal, la génération de sources large bande, et des applications militaires. La fabrication par moulage des MOF en VC développée dans cette thèse donne les pertes optiques les plus basses dans ces fibres. De nombreuses MOF sont fabriquées en As-Se, en Te-As-Se. Des MOF sont synthétisées pour toutes les applications visées. De la diffusion Raman et de l’automodulation de phase ont été générés dans ces MOF. En outre, la recherche d’une composition fortement NL et adaptable au moulage est déterminée par le biais d’un plan d’expérienceTwo interests in chalcogenide glasses (CG) are their transparency in the infrared and their non linear properties. The microstructured optical fibers (MOF) allow single mode signal guiding and/or exacerbate non linear effects. CG MOF permit to obtain single mode and/or non linear fibers in the infrared region. There are many potential applications for MOF. They can be used to build lasers, for spectrometry of for nulling interferometry, and for signal regeneration, supercontinuum sources, or military applications. The elaboration of CG MOF made by a casting method is explained. This method permits to obtain the lowest optical losses in CG MOF. Many MOF were fabricated in As-Se, Te-As-Se glasses. Various fiber geometries were fabricated to cover all the applications. Then, chalcogenide MOF are tested to obtain self phase modulation and Raman scattering. Besides, a strongly non linear composition, with good thermal properties to be molded, was determined using a design of experiments
26
Alvarado, Otero Alexandra Paola, Junco Flor Maria Gutierrez, Jaramillo Alvaro Miguel Jaramillo, and Abanto Sofia Gabriela Peralta. "Proyecto “Viajafácil”." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654728.
Анотація:
En el país tenemos tres sistemas de transporte público importantes para la movilidad diaria de las personas, estos son: Metropolitano, Línea Metro 1, Corredor Complementario y para el 2021 o 2022 la Línea Metro 2; uno de los principales problemas que podemos ver en estos sistemas de transporte son las colas que se deben hacer para el servicio de recarga de tarjetas, sumado a ello existe también la informalidad por parte de algunos revendedores de saldo para poder hacer uso del servicio evitando la cola de recarga, ocasionando aún más caos en las diferentes estaciones. A pesar de ello, aún no existe una solución que facilite y/o agilice el proceso de recarga en las estaciones, las recargas se hacen con dinero en efectivo siendo también poco conveniente para algunas personas que prefieren mayores métodos de pago. Al tener en cuenta la problemática, creamos una aplicación de recargas virtuales llamado ViajaFácil, que integra diversos métodos de pago para agilizar el proceso de recarga y a su vez posee ciertas características que pueden resultar de utilidad para los usuarios, entregando un servicio eficiente para muchos usuarios. En el presente trabajo se validará la existencia del problema mencionado y el modelo de negocio, así como también, presentaremos el plan operativo necesario para que nuestro emprendimiento funcione correctamente y el plan financiero, en el cual podremos ver la sostenibilidad y rentabilidad a futuro.
Al finalizar las validaciones, se pudo observar que ViajaFácil si es un negocio rentable por el nivel de demanda que tendrá y al ser un mercado en donde el servicio de transporte se usa con una frecuencia alta debido a su importancia para la movilidad de la población limeña. El proyecto tendrá una inversión inicial de S/.334,974.24 con una estimación de recupero de dos años y dos meses aproximadamente, a partir del segundo año se podrá ver de manera constante un crecimiento de las ganancias notable en un escenario neutro.In the country we have three important public transport systems for the daily mobility of people, these are: Metropolitan, Metro Line 1, Complementary Corridor in 2021 or 2022 the Metro Line 2; One of the main problems that we can see in these transport systems are the queues that must be made for the card recharge service, in addition to this, there is also informality on the part of some balance resellers to be able to use the service avoiding the queue recharging, causing even more chaos at different stations. Despite this, there is still no solution that facilitates and / or speeds up the recharging process at the stations, recharges are made with cash, which is also inconvenient for some people who prefer greater payment methods. Taking into account the problem, we created a virtual recharge application called Viajafácil, which integrates various payment methods to streamline the recharge process and in turn has certain characteristics that may be useful for users, providing a useful service for many users. In this paper, the existence of the aforementioned problem and the business model will be validated, as well as we will present the operational plan necessary for our enterprise to function properly and the financial plan, in which we can see the sustainability and profitability in the future. At the end of the validations, it was observed that Viajafácil is a profitable business due to the level of demand it will have and since it is a market where the transport service is used with a high frequency due to its importance for the mobility of the Lima population . The project will have an initial investment of S/.336,471.728 with a recovery estimate of two years and two months, from the second year on, a notable growth in earnings will be seen constantly in a neutral scenario.
Trabajo de investigación
27
Du, Toit Rudolph. "Developing a scorecard for sustainable transport : a Cape Town application." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2017.
Анотація:
Thesis (MPhil (Sustainable Development Planning and Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.Globally, transport and its associated ills are creating urban landscapes that can best be described as unhealthy, unfriendly and unsustainable. The unsustainable nature of current transportation practices are most keenly displayed in four key areas, namely: the pending oil peak; global climate change; environmental degradation and social deprivation. South Africa is no exception to these impacts, but also suffers an extra disadvantage of demonstrating very little knowledge of more sustainable transportation option in terms of its planning regime. This study endeavours to improve the state of sustainability in transportation planning by developing a user-friendly and pragmatic transportation sustainability appraisal mechanism and testing this mechanism on a real-life case. In order to develop such an appraisal mechanism, the theory of sustainable development is firstly examined to provide direction to the study, followed by an attempt to distil the most pertinent principles of sustainable transport from the literature. These principles form the objectives which the appraisal mechanism aims to measure sustainability against. Owing to the poor level of awareness regarding sustainable transport practices in South Africa, a discussion on selected benchmark sustainable transport practices is also included in the study and consequently added to the appraisal mechanism. To test its operability, the appraisal mechanism is finally applied to Cape Town’s Draft Integrated Transport Plan (ITP) 2006-2011. The study indicates that the ITP is a reasonably sustainable transport plan, with the exception of its affordability and public participation aspects. These exceptions are attributed to the ITP either not properly addressing these aspects, or due to the ITP not providing enough information on these aspects. Finally, the study found that the developed appraisal mechanism is operable in the field of transportation planning, but suggests that the mechanism be further developed and refined to improve its value and effectiveness. A transdisciplinary process involving the input of community stakeholders and specialists is identified as major area for such development
Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies
28
Khaddaj-Mallat, Chadi. "Design of experiments approach to the flooding of damaged ships." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECDN0024.
Анотація:
Les navires à passagers sont sensibles à un chavirement rapide dû à l’entrée soudaine de l’eau lors d’accidents maritimes. Durant et après la création de l’endommagement, le navire envahi peut souffrir de phases intermédiaires très dangereuses, qui risquent éventuellement de le détruire. Une investigation expérimentale utilisant la section centrale du navire à passager PRR02 – ITTC/SiW a été menée afin de déterminer les facteurs influençants ainsi que la manière dont ils interagissent entre eux. De plus, elle a pour but d’améliorer la compréhension de la physique de l’envahissement et de vérifier si l’investigation de ce type de navire est adéquate en eau calme. Une méthode innovante en ingénierie océanique, celle des Plans d’expériences (DOE), est utilisée pour planifier et conduire les tests, ainsi qu’analyser leurs résultats. Durant les phases intermédiaires d’envahissement, l’eau et l’air interagissent fortement entre eux et influencent le comportement du navire lui-même. Cette interaction est mise en évidence par la détection de trois pics importants des réponses. De plus, la présence de hautes et basses fréquences est observée dans le compartiment des machines. Ceci dépend de la compressibilité de l’air, et le ballotement de l’eau à l’intérieur de ces compartiments. Les tests confirment que le coefficient de décharge n’est pas constant pendant l’envahissement et ils l’évaluent expérimentalement. En se basant sur un plan factoriel d’expérience, un modèle mathématique caractérisant l’envahissement a été construit, validé, puis optimisé. Il met en évidence, pour le cas d’endommagement par le coté de ce type de navires, une influence marquée de la surface d’ouverture, de l’excitation externe, du tirant d’eau, ainsi que du temps de création de l’endommagement. La géométrie du compartiment des machines (disposition des blocs et perméabilité) a relativement peu d’influence. Les paramètres relatifs à l’air (envahissement transversal et niveau de ventilation) ont assez peu d’influence dans ce cas. Cette étude démontre l’utilité et l’efficacité de la méthode DOE. Elle construit la base d’élaboration d’une nouvelle procédure pour étudier la survivabilité des navires à passagers durant et après avarie. De plus, les modèles théoriques et les codes numériques pourront profiter des résultats obtenus afin d’améliorer leurs performancesRoll-On/Roll-Off passenger vessels appear to be sensitive to rapid capsizing due to abrupt ingress of water caused by maritime accidents. As a result of the damage creation, the flooded ship can experience transient and progressive flooding phases (Intermediate Flooding Stages, IFS) which might be more devastating than the final condition, as the sudden loading could significantly alter the ship stability characteristics. An experimental investigation using the midsection of the PRR02 – ITTC/SiW Ro-Ro passenger ferry is undertaken to determine the influential factors within the IFS, and to reveal their individual influence, as well as their interactions. More importantly, it is devoted to hopefully provide profound insight into the flooding physics and look over the adequacy of the calm water condition to assess the IFS of such vessels. A novel-in-ocean-engineering methodology, the Design of Experiments (DOE), is used to plan systematic model tests, perform them, and analyze their results. During the IFS, a strong interaction is found between, on one hand, both implicated fluids, i. E. Water and air, and, on the other hand, the model geometry and behavior. The detection of three conspicuous peaks highlights this interaction. Moreover, a two-fold behavior is observed in the Engine Room partially submerged. These behaviors are drawn by the air compressibility, the water surface, as well as the sloshing occurring inside this room. The tests confirm that the discharge coefficient for realistic flooding situations is not constant during the flooding, and estimate it experimentally. Besides, a mathematical model characterizing the IFS is successfully built, then optimized. Regarding the global behavior of such vessels suffering from side damages, it is pointed out that the Damage Opening area, the external excitation, the initial draught, and the duration of damage creation most affect the IFS; then Engine Room-related parameters (permeability and layout) come with a relatively less influence. A relatively very little influence is found for Air-related parameters (cross-flooding and air-ventilation level). This study demonstrates the validity and efficiency of applying the DOE methodology in Damaged Survivability Domain, and establishes a suitable basis to elaborating a novel assessment procedure based on ‘interactive research’ to reliably assess the damaged survivability of such vessels. Furthermore, theoretical models and numerical codes can benefit of its achievements to improve their performance and credibility
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Khalfaoui, Liece. "Diversité culturelle et innovation organisationnelle en contexte de coopération internationale : le cas d’un Plan de Contrôle Qualité dans un projet international d’infrastructure de transport." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0011.
Анотація:
Les équipes internationales de projet sont aux prises avec des situations complexes tant au plan technique qu’au plan organisationnel. Les projets se démarquent de la production ordinaire par le caractère unique du résultat et d’inévitables imprévus qui exigent la résolution de problèmes émergents chemin faisant. La recherche de solutions débouche sur la mise en œuvre d’innovations. Le contexte international des projets ajoute à la diversité de métiers et de profils des membres une diversité culturelle qui implique que les acteurs ne partagent pas les mêmes références pour donner du sens aux situations qu’ils vivent. Pour certains chercheurs, la diversité culturelle dans une équipe favorise la créativité et l’innovation. Pour d’autres, la diversité soulève des difficultés pour diffuser et concrétiser des innovations, elle est instrumentalisée pour construire des frontières artificielles et stratégiques qui servent les intérêts des acteurs. Cette recherche doctorale ne vise pas à trancher entre les différentes thèses mais elle propose, sur la base d’un travail empirique dans un contexte international, des éléments d’explication sur les relations entre les différences des cultures d’une part et la capacité à produire et diffuser une innovation organisationnelle d’autre part. Cette recherche s’appuie sur une étude de cas unique, un Plan de Contrôle Qualité dans un projet international d’infrastructure de transport réalisé par un consortium constitué de firmes algérienne, française et italienne. Notre étude révèle que l’examen des constructions culturelles en lien avec les rapports de pouvoir, et de l’articulation des cultures nationales avec les cultures professionnelles, est essentiel pour comprendre les mécanismes expliquant les liens entre diversité culturelle et innovation organisationnelle. Ni les cultures en présence, ni les rapports de pouvoir en œuvre ne sont suffisants pour expliquer la dynamique d’un processus d’innovation organisationnelle ; c’est bien l’articulation de ces dimensions qui joue dans les interactions. Notre contribution managériale s’accentue sur la prise en compte des contextes socioculturels des projets internationaux, et le renforcement du cadre formel et légal dans ces rapprochements inter-organisationnelsInternational project development teams confront complex technical and organizational situations. The objective of the projects differs from the ordinary production by the uniqueness of the outcome and the inevitable unexpected events which require the resolution of emerging problems during the realization process. The search for solutions leads to innovations. The international context of projects adds cultural diversity to the diversity of the professions and profiles of the members, which means that the actors do not share the same references to give meaning to the situations they live in. For some researchers, cultural diversity within a team promotes creativity and innovation. For others, diversity raises difficulties that slow down the diffusion and realization of innovations. It is only the instrument to construct strategic artificial borders that protect the profits of the actors. This doctoral research is not intended to decide between the various theses but proposes, on the basis of an empirical work in an international context, elements of explanation to the relations between the differences of cultures on one hand, and the ability to generate and spread an organizational innovation on the other hand. This research is based on a single multicultural case study “the Quality Control Plan” in an international transport infrastructure project carried out by a consortium made up of Algerian, French and Italian firms. Our study reveals that examining cultural constructs in relation to power relations, and the articulation of national cultures with professional cultures, is crucial to understand the mechanisms explaining the links between cultural diversity and organizational innovation. Neither the cultures in presence, nor the power relationships are sufficient to explain the dynamics of an organizational innovation process; it is the articulation of these dimensions that plays into the interactions. Our managerial contribution is accentuated by taking into account the socio-cultural contexts of international projects, and reinforcing the formal and legal framework in these inter-organizational linkages
30
Mouhrim, Nisrine. "Contribution au Développement de Transport Vert : Proposition d'un Plan de Recharge par Segments des Véhicules Électriques : Étude d'un problème de Tournées de Véhicules Mixtes." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMLH02.
Анотація:
La mise en oeuvre des véhicules électriques dans le secteur du transport de fret présente une solution durable qui répond aux objectifs environnementaux et économiques. Cette thèse s'oriente dans cette direction, elle porte sur l'étude des problèmes de transport électrique selon deux niveaux décisionnels à savoir le niveau stratégique et opérationnel.Au niveau stratégique, nous traitons le problème d'allocation des segments de recharge d'un véhicule électrique par des ondes électromagnétiques. Pour cela, nous proposons une modélisation du problème sous forme de programme mathématique mixte en nombre entier qui tient compte de la particularité du réseau routier et du véhicule. L'objectif est de déterminer; dans un réseau qui se compose de plusieurs chemins; une allocation stratégique qui constitue un compromis entre le coût d'achat du matériel de recharge et le coût de la batterie en satisfaisant un ensemble de contraintes liées au fonctionnement du système lors de l'exploitation et qui garantissent l'arrivée du véhicule à sa destination sans rupture de charge. Ainsi, nous montrons l'utilité de nos travaux dans un contexte industriel à travers le projet 'Green Truck'. Ce projet consiste à remplacer les camions à combustion par les camions électriques; adapté à la technologie d'alimentation par induction; dans la zone industrialo-portuaire du Havre. Dans cette optique et dans un premier temps, nous traitons le problème d'installation des segments de recharge dynamique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous intégrons le mode de rechargement statique dans la stratégie d'allocation. Nous adoptons la version multi-objective de l'algorithme d'optimisation par essaim de particules pour résoudre le problème. En effet, l'algorithme a montré sa robustesse et son efficacité vis-à-vis de problèmes d'optimisation non-linéaires. Après la linéarisation de notre modèle, nous comparons les résultats obtenus avec ceux issus à partir du solveur CPLEX. Nous montrons la validité des résultats obtenus à travers leur analyse et leur discussion.Au niveau opérationnel, nous étudions le problème de tournées de véhicules dans le cas d'une flott( mixte composée de véhicules électriques et à combustion, ce qui est un véritable réseau industrie rencontré dans la pratique. La particularité de notre travail réside dans la considération du cas où le émissions sont limitées par un système de plafonnement d'émissions pour les véhicule conventionnels. Afin de résoudre le modèle mathématique que nous avons élaboré, nous avons indu trois heuristiques dans l'algorithme SPEA-II qui répondent aux contraintes engendrées par la batterie limitée des véhicules électriques. Après l'analyse des performances de l'algorithme résultant, nou, concluons que l'approche de résolution permet d'achever des résultats compétitifsThe implementation of electric vehicles in the freight transport sector presents a sustainable solution that meets environmental and economic objectives. This thesis is oriented in this direction, it deals with the study of the problems of electric transportation according to two decisional levels namely the strategic and operational levels.At the strategic level, we study the problem of the location of the wireless charging infrastructure in a transport network composed of multiple routes between the origin and the destination. To find a strategic solution to this problem, we first and foremost propose a nonlinear integer programming solution to reach a compromise between the cost of the battery, which is related to its capacity, and the cost of installing the power transmitters, while maintaining the quality of the vehicle's routing. Thus, we show the utility of our work in an industrial context through the 'Green Truck' project. This project consists of replacing diesel trucks by inductive trucks in the industrial-port area of Le Havre. Initially, we are dealing with the problem of allocation of dynamic charging segments. In a second step, we integrate the static reload mode in the allocation strategy. We adapt the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MPSO) approach to our problem, as the particles were robust in solving nonlinear optimization problems. Since we have a multi-objective problem with two binary variables, we combine the binary and discrete versions of the particle swarm optimization approach with the multi-objective one. To assess the quality of solutions generated by the PSO algorithm, the problem is transformed into an equivalent linear programming problem and solved with CPLEX optimizer. The results are analyzed and discussed in order to point out the efficiency of our resolution method.At the operational level, we study a new version of the vehicle routing problem with a mix fleet of electric and combustion vehicles, which is a real industrial network encountered in practice. The particularity of our work lies in the consideration of the case where emissions are limited by an emission cap system for conventional vehicles. In order to solve the mathematical model that we have developed, we have included three heuristics in the SPEA-II algorithm that respond to the constraints generated by the limited battery of electric vehicles. After analyzing the performance of the resulting algorithm, we conclude that the resolution approach achieves competitive results
31
Copsey, Scott Laurence. "The development and implementation processes of a travel plan within the context of a large organisation : using an embedded case study approach." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/10331.
Анотація:
Transport Policy in the United Kingdom from the 1950s to the early 1990s has been focused on increasing car use at the expense of investment in public transport services and infrastructure. This has culminated in a poorly integrated public transport network that has seen continued decline in use outside of London. The Competition Act (1998) has exacerbated this, as public operators risked prosecution if they were seen to collaborate. A policy shift in 1998 introduced the concept of Local Transport Plans, Organisational Travel Plans and Quality Partnerships as local policy tools for developing and implementing travel solutions using the planning process. Travel Plans today are viewed by the UK Government as a local delivery tool for transport policy, inspired by the successes in Europe and the United States in changing individual travel behaviour, where the Smart Growth Agenda has emerged as a mass transit based planning response to urban sprawl. In the UK, success in delivering significant modal shift away from private car use has seen limited success, hence the rationale for this research. Using this wider policy context, this research uses the University of Hertfordshire as a case study with the objective to research the development and implementation processes of a Travel Plan. The research conducts a review of travel behaviour within the case study, providing recommendations for implementing alternative interventions to car-based travel. Making use of national policy tools, using insights from both Smarter Travel / Smarter Choice agenda, the research includes the development process of a complex city wide Quality Partnership – a delivery mechanism for travel behaviour change incorporating multiple stakeholders. This thesis uses an embedded and reflective critical realist approach to researching Travel Plans from the perspective of a Travel Plan Coordinator. Through applying a multi-method dimension to empirical data collection, the use of structured quantitative commuter surveys, semi structured qualitative interviews and supporting secondary data sources are all utilised. Using such an approach provides the research with the flexibility for reporting complex social and empirical data, including the researcher’s embedded reflective insights throughout the process. An evaluative matrix ‘lens’ has been developed for reporting back the multitude of factors, including identifying Critical Success Factors and Key Performance Indicators that underpin the success or failure of such travel planning approaches. The research culminates in the development of a Travel Plan for the University of Hertfordshire and a voluntary Quality Partnership for the City and District of St Albans. A conclusion is drawn based on the unique perspective of an embedded reflective researcher as an active practitioner in the field of travel planning. In order to be successful a Travel Plan should feed into the wider quality partnership structures for mutual benefit where multiple stakeholders are able to influence the development of interventions at the local level, which could lead to significant travel behaviour changes. It is argued that this will ultimately help Travel Plans and quality partnerships achieve their key performance objectives and help meet government policy agenda.
32
Benavente, Rios Marco Antonio, Meiggs Karolin Morelia Egusquiza, Paredes Katherine Sulmira Ruiz, Peña Rodrigo Torres, and Hurtado Elzi Krystel Toskano. "RenoBike." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654921.
Анотація:
La idea de negocio nace con el fin de solucionar necesidades como el otorgar un medio de transporte que permita evitar aglomeraciones al trasladarte de un lugar a otro, sea por trabajo o por otro motivo. Es la mejor manera de ejercitar tu cuerpo y obtener un estilo de vida más saludable. Protegiendo el entorno al ser un medio de transporte que no afecta al medio ambiente al no emitir gases contaminantes y además es económico. Ahora, con la ayuda de la tecnología, puedes convertir tu bicicleta tradicional en una bicicleta eléctrica. De esta manera, podrás ahorrar mucho dinero antes de pensar en adquirir una bicicleta eléctrica. Nuestro mercado objetivo se encuentra entre las edades de 25 a 55 años y que pertenezcan al NSE A, B y C. RenoBike es un proyecto sostenible en el tiempo que además considera un valor agregado en postventa que permitirá mantenernos en contacto con nuestros clientes y fidelizarlos con más productos. Realizamos la validación del negocio con diversos métodos obteniendo como resultado de nuestro estudio, un mercado disponible que alcanza las 36,923 personas con un grado de conversión del 23%. Siendo conservadores ante el alto crecimiento que tiene el giro de negocio en ventas de bicicletas y bicicletas eléctricas en el año en curso. Podemos demostrar que con inversión inicial de S/ 89,862.00 podemos obtener muy buenos resultados y una rentabilidad que nos permitirá recuperar la inversión desde el primer año de actividades.The business idea was born to solve needs such as providing a means of transport that allows you to avoid crowds when moving from one place to another, be it for work or for another reason. It is the best way to exercise your body and get a healthier lifestyle. Protecting the environment by being a means of transport that does not affect the environment by not emitting polluting gases and is also economical. Now, with the help of technology, you can turn your traditional bicycle into an electric bicycle. In this way, you can save a lot of money before thinking about buying an electric bicycle. Our target market is between the ages of 25 to 55 and belonging to the NSE A, B and C. RenoBike is a sustainable project over time that also considers an added value in after-sales that will allow us to keep in touch with our customers and retain them with more products. We carry out the validation of the business with various methods, obtaining because of our study, an available market that reaches 36,923 people with a conversion rate of 23%. Being conservative given the high growth that the business line has in sales of bicycles and electric bicycles in the current year. We can show that with an initial investment of S / 89,862.00 we can obtain very good results and a profitability that will allow us to recover the investment from the first year of activities.
Trabajo de investigación
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Alexander, Malcolm Charles. "Assessing participation of small fishing companies in the Transport Education Training Authority (TETA): identifying fault lines and potential responses to increase participation." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7730.
Анотація:
>Magister Scientiae - MScThe study focusses on the transport sector, where company participation level is measured at approximately 20% of levy paying enterprises, and this level is mostly based on relatively high levels of participation from large and medium sized companies. The study explores the relationship between SETAs (sector education training authorities) and the companies within the sectors they are mandated to serve by researching the TETA maritime sub sector. The research focus is on small companies and the focus is specifically on the low rate of participation of smaller entities in the skills development landscape. The consequences of the lack of participation are investigated and the study concludes that the SETAs ability to effectively research its sector skills, as well as the SETAs ability to provide effective skills planning in support of the national agenda, are both negatively affected by current levels of poor participation. The research was conducted on small fishing companies registered with the Transport Education and Training Authority (TETA), in order to determine the reasons for low participation in the government mandatory grant scheme. The research is survey based across participating small companies and non-participating small companies.
34
Marek, Vít. "Protipovodňová ochrana obce Želešice na tocích Bobrava a Hajanský potok." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226143.
Анотація:
This thesis is a study of flood protection in the community Želešice, Brno-venkov. The theoretical part deals with: the causes of flooding, their dividing and deals with options, how to protect endangered area. Main part includes calculations of the amount of sediment in the river Bobrava and the Hajanský stream, analysis of risks by quantitative expression, suggests to complete the flood plan of the community and a list of designed flood control measures with own technical suggestion. The last point is to consider, whether is the community threatened by backwater from the river Svratka, which the river Bobrava flows into.
35
Moussa, Ali Choukri. "Les politiques de formation professionnelle dans le domaines des TIC : le cas des entreprises du transport et de la logistique en République de Djibouti." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20133.
Анотація:
Cette thèse vise à explorer la mise en route des politiques de développement de formation professionnelle dans les entreprises de transport et de la logistique en République de Djibouti. Nous posons l'hypothèse générale que l'appropriation des Tics par l'entreprise est un vecteur important de développement économique pour l'entreprise. Ainsi trois hypothèses opérationnelles ont été étudiées et vérifiées : 1) Le niveau de compétence en tic et le degré d’utilisation est très important. Pour que l’entreprise soit performante économiquement, il faut qu’elle développe les compétences en tic de son personnel et de ses cadres ; 2) Le plan de formation professionnelle est un outil clé dans la gestion prévisionnelle des compétences et des emplois. Pour développer les compétences en tic il faut que l’entreprise prévoie un plan de formation. Une entreprise qui met en place un plan de formation professionnelle a conscience de l’importance de compétence en tic et dispose d'un potentiel de développement économique ; 3) les tics sont des outils de développement personnels et professionnels. Deux questionnaires destinés d'un côté aux employés de l'autre aux dirigeants ont été conçu pour investiguer le terrain et vérifier les hypothèses émises ci-dessus. La méthode privilégiée est à la fois quantitative et à la fois qualitativeThis thesis aims at exploring the implementation of the development policies of vocational training in the transport companies and of logistics in Djibouti. We ask the general assumption that the appropriation of Information and Communication Technologies by the company is an important vector of economic development for the company. And three operational assumptions were reviewed and verified: 1) ICT skill level and degree of use is very important. For the company be economically efficient. It has to tick develops the skills of its staff and its management; 2) The training plan is a key tool in the management planning of skills and jobs. To develop the skills tic must now provide a training plan. A company that sets up a training plan recognizes the importance of competence tic and has a potential for economic development; 3) ICT are personal and professional development tools. Two questionnaires from one side to the employees of the other leaders were designed to investigate the field and verify the assumptions made above. The preferred method is both quantitative and qualitative
36
Coulombier, Quentin. "Fibres microstructurées en verres de chalcogénures pour la génération de supercontinuum et le transport de puissance dans les fenêtres atmosphériques 3-5 et 8-12 µm." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00531237.
Анотація:
L'intérêt des verres de chalcogénures est concentré sur deux points : leur transparence dans l'infrarouge et leurs fortes propriétés non linéaires. Les fibres microstructurées (MOF) permettent de guider un signal monomode et/ou d'exacerber les effets non linéaires. L'association de la géométrie microstructurée aux verres de chalcogénures permet d'obtenir des fibres monomodes et/ou des effets non linéaires importants dans l'infrarouge. Les applications potentielles des MOF sont variées. Si on exploite les propriétés de guidage passif, elles peuvent être utilisées pour la fabrication de lasers fibrés, pour la spectrométrie ou encore pour l'interférométrie. Quand on exploite le guidage actif, les applications concernent la régénération de signal, la génération de sources large bande, la tomographie et la métrologie militaires. Le développement d'une méthode de fabrication par moulage des MOF en verres de chalcogénures est expliqué dans cette thèse. Cette méthode permet d'obtenir les pertes optiques les plus basses dans des MOF de chalcogénures. De nombreuses MOF sont fabriquées en As-Se, en Te-As-Se. Des MOF de différentes géométries sont synthétisées afin de couvrir toutes les applications visées. Les MOF sont ensuite testées pour la génération d'automodulation de phase et de diffusion Raman. En outre, une composition fortement non linéaire et qui possède des propriétés physiques favorables au moulage est déterminée par le biais d'un plan d'expérience.
37
Gonzalez, Alvarez Antonio. "Mobilien et le PDU d'Ile-de-France. L'innovation dans les politiques de déplacements au risque de la concertation." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00085981.
Анотація:
En quoi et comment la concertation influence-t-elle l'émergence d'idées nouvelles, leur formalisation et leur mise en œuvre ? Existe-t-il des modalités de concertation qui favorisent l'innovation dans les politiques de déplacements urbains ? Pour répondre à ces questions, cette recherche s'est intéressée au Mobilien, réseau principal de bus d'Ile-de-France, projet innovant, conçu et mis en œuvre moyennant divers dispositifs de concertation dans le cadre du Plan de Déplacements Urbains de la région (PDUIF). Reposant sur le dépouillement d'archives, la réalisation d'entretiens avec les principaux acteurs du PDUIF, le suivi de divers comités de déclinaison du Mobilien à échelle locale (comités d'axe) et des recherches bibliographiques, cette thèse montre que, pour favoriser l'innovation, la concertation ne peut être que partielle : tous les souhaits ne peuvent être satisfaits ni le consensus total. Des pistes sont ainsi proposées pour une concertation innovatrice. Elles consistent par exemple à choisir de façon restrictive les acteurs associés à chaque étape, à instaurer un pilotage ferme à la fois politique et technique, ou encore à modeler les diverses dimensions du projet (territoriale, technique, urbaine et de qualité de service) en accord avec les élus locaux et avec les agents de la mise en œuvre.
38
Delaître, Loïc. "Méthodologie pour optimiser le transport de marchandises en ville : application aux villes moyennes et dans le cadre de l'agglomération de La Rochelle." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004670.
Анотація:
La distribution de marchandises dans les secteurs urbains est indispensable au fonctionnement et au développement de ces derniers. Avec leur rôle économique majeur, ils ne peuvent exister sans un système adapté de distribution des marchandises. Cependant, des problèmes liés à la distribution de biens en ville contraignent l'adaptabilité et l'efficacité du système de transport des marchandises. Les principaux impacts retenus sont la pollution sous forme de bruit et d'émissions de polluants comme le NOx (oxyde d'azote), la contribution au réchauffement climatique par des émissions de gaz à effet de serre tel que le CO2 (dioxyde de carbone) et le ralentissement de la circulation des autres usagers de l'espace public. Dans ce cadre, cette thèse a pour objectif de proposer un modèle conceptuel et une approche de simulation du Transport de Marchandises en Ville (TMV), pour, in fine, développer un outil d'aide à la décision au profit des autorités organisatrices de transports avec pour objectif l'amélioration du TMV. Nous proposons de présenter cette démarche en nous appuyant sur le projet européen SUCCESS du programme CIVITAS où l'agglomération de La Rochelle est prise comme pilote pour la validation de nos travaux. A partir des modèles présentés dans cette thèse, il est possible de concevoir des outils de diagnostic et d'aide à la décision qui peuvent jouer un rôle majeur dans l'identification de solutions à moyen terme. Ces outils permettent de formaliser des situations hypothétiques afin de mesurer les conséquences des futures décisions que doivent prendre irrémédiablement les autorités pour faciliter la circulation urbaine. Le retour d'expériences de la Communauté d'Agglomération de Poitiers indique que ces outils sont particulièrement appréciés pour leur capacité à fournir une base de réflexion lors des dialogues et débats avec les acteurs impliqués dans la logistique urbaine.
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Cucu, Graindorge Tatiana. "Contribution à une méthodologie d'évaluation à priori des projets de transport urbain durable." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14488/document.
Анотація:
L’objectif de ces travaux de proposer aux autorités locales un outil d’aide à la décision pour formaliser une démarche participative tout au long de la conception d’un projet de transport urbain durable, dans un contexte multicritères et multi acteurs. La méthodologie développée repose sur l’évaluation a priori des impacts d’un projet local, en impliquant les acteurs dès la phase de diagnostic. Cette phase permet d’identifier des groupes d’acteurs selon leur perception des phénomènes urbains, des interactions et des préférences déclarées d’évolution. Elle permet d’établir une liste d’indicateurs communs qui seront évalués. Le choix des alternatives à étudier est le résultat de l’application conjointe de techniques de transférabilité - fondées sur l’étude de projets développés dans d’autres villes - et de l’étude des préférences déclarées des usagers locaux. La probabilité d’utilisation du service s’évalue à l’aide d’un modèle comportemental agrégé qui intègre la perception floue et l’indécision des usagers devant une situation nouvelle. Les changements de comportement des usagers sont pris en compte à l’aide d’un indicateur de robustesse qui teste les effets des paramètres exogènes sur l’évolution de la probabilité d’utilisation du service. Un micro-simulateur de trafic permet d’évaluer les impacts des différents scénarii sur le trafic, l’environnement et le bien-être des citoyens sous la forme monétarisée, afin d’illustrer les coûts et les bénéfices indirects attendus de l’implantation du projet. Une solution de compromis est proposée : elle vise à fournir la solution qui contenterait au mieux l’ensemble des représentants des groupes d’acteurs - et non la solution optimale en termes d’impactsThe objective of this research is to provide to the local authorities a decision aid tool in order to formalize a participatory approach during the conception of a sustainable urban transport project, in a multi-criteria and multi-actors context. The methodology is based on the a priori evaluation of the impacts of a local project, involving stakeholders as soon as the diagnosis phase. This phase aims at identifying groups of actors according to their perception of urban phenomena, their interactions and their stated preferences of evolution. The diagnosis phase leads to the setting-up of a list of common indicators to be evaluated. The choice of alternatives to be studied is the result of the transferability techniques - based on the projects developed in other cities - and the stated preferences of local users. The probability of using the service is evaluated using an aggregated behavioral model that takes into account the fuzzy perception and the indecision of users in a new situation. Changes in the behaviour of the users are taken into account thanks to an indicator of robustness that tests the impact of exogenous parameters on the evolution of the probability of using a service. A traffic micro--simulator aims at assessing the impacts of the various scenarios on traffic, environment and the welfare of citizens– which is monetized. It illustrates the costs and indirect benefits expected with the implementation of project. A compromise solution is proposed: it aims at identifying an alternative that would best satisfy the representatives of the stakeholder groups – and not necessarily the optimal solution in terms of impacts
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Schoen, Quentin. "Piloter le transport de colis intelligents : proposition d’une approche décentralisée Application aux colis contenant des produits sensibles L’indispensable évolution des ”transport management system” pour le pilotage des flux de produits sensibles Improving parcels transportation performance by introducing a hitchhiker parcel model." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EMAC0008.
Анотація:
L’environnement logistique s’appuie sur des systèmes de pilotage centralisés qui atteignent aujourd’hui leurs limites face à un réseau logistique et des envois de plus en plus complexes et fragmentés. Des initiatives de rupture comme l’Internet Physique orientent les développements futurs vers un pilotage décentralisé, ouvert et collaboratif. Nous inscrivant pleinement dans cette dynamique, le travail de recherche présenté dans ce manuscrit a pour but de questionner la pertinence d’un pilotage décentralisé de colis intelligents et opportunistes. Nous définissons un ensemble d’indicateurs de pilotage permettant à chaque colis de prendre ses propres décisions pour se router sur le réseau logistique. Ils peuvent alors évaluer la performance d’opportunités de transport qui se présentent. Puis, nous confrontons cette approche avec différents types de transport afin d’évaluer sa pertinence. Un plan d’expériences, déployé sur un moteur de simulation à événements discrets, nous permet alors de tester plusieurs scénarios. Enfin, dans une quatrième partie, nous étendons notre étude sur une proportion du réseau logistique de l’Établissement Français du Sang pour comparer une organisation actuelle avec une organisation cible et conclure sur la pertinence de notre modèleCentralised transport logistics systems reach their limits, facing with fragmented shipments and complex logistics networks. Breakthrough innovations, as the Physical Internet initiative, steer research works to decentralised, open and collaborative monitoring approaches. The research work in this thesis aims to query the relevance of decentralised monitoring applied on intelligent and opportunistic parcels. Thus, we define key performance indicators allowing each parcel to make its own decisions and direct itself on the logistics network. These indicators allow parcels to evaluate each transportation opportunity. In the third part, we evaluate the relevance of our model, testing these indicators with different transportation types. We use a design of experiments with Discrete-Event Simulation models to test several transportation scenarios. Finally, in the fourth part, we applied our experiments on a French Blood Establishment Supply Chain part. It aims to compare the current organisation with the expected one and conclude on the relevance of our proposition
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Courbière, Jean-Louis. "Analyse conjoncturelle du plan de circulation et de transport de la zone métropolitaine de Québec, 1968, un document technique révélateur du cadre contextuel et idéologique des pratiques aménagistes de l'époque." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0028/MQ38057.pdf.
42
Oudshoorn, Adrien. "Contribution à l'optimisation des structures mécaniques sous contraintes : l'optimisation de la conception d'avant-projet : application aux structures de véhicules de transport guidés." Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/bf8407f4-a1d8-4b9b-bfa0-bdbd0dd4fafe.
Анотація:
Le problème de conception d'avant-projet des structures mécaniques complexes soumis au double impératif de qualité et de rapidité est de plus en plus difficile à appréhender. Il offre un terrain très favorable à la synthèse automatique par le biais de l'optimisation mathématique. Fort de ce constat, nous étudions le potentiel d'utilisation de l'optimisation mathématique dans la phase de conception d'avant-projet. Notre étude se décompose en deux étapes: l'élaboration d'un outil informatique adapté et son exploitation dans le contexte de la conception d'avant-projet des structures de véhicules de transport guidés. L’outil informatique proposé s'appuie sur des techniques d'optimisation éprouvées et respecte les exigences de l'optimisation des structures d'avant-projets. Il met en œuvre la méthode des différences finies pour le calcul des sensibilités paramétriques et la méthode à linéarisation convexe de C. Fleury pour l'optimisation proprement dite. Des améliorations sont apportées à cette dernière et une recherche linéaire appropriée est développée. Trois tests simples démontrent le bien fondé des modifications effectuées. L’exploitation de l'outil proposé est conduite à partir de l'optimisation sous contraintes statiques et dynamiques de quatre structures à caractère industriel. Des simulations du processus de conception et de rédaction d'offres incluant des éléments issus de l'optimisation illustrent les résultats obtenus. L’utilisation judicieuse de l'optimisation et l'exploitation fine de ses résultats fournit rapidement au concepteur des réponses fiables à ses interrogations et devrait lui permettre de conduire efficacement les premiers pas de son projet ou encore de produire en temps limite des offres très compétitives
43
Alaeddine, Houssein. "Un modèle d'optimisation spatio-temporel pour l'évacuation de la population exposée aux catastrophes naturelles : projet ACCELL : évaluation spatio-temporelle de l'ACCessibilité d'Enjeux localisés en situation d'inondation sur le bassin de la Loire." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR1802/document.
Анотація:
L’importance de gérer la crise provoquée par une catastrophe naturelle, et plus particulièrement par les inondations, nécessite le développement de systèmes d’évacuation efficaces. Un système d’évacuation efficace doit tenir compte de certaines contraintes, notamment celles liées au trafic sur le réseau, à l’accessibilité, aux ressources humaines nécessaires et aux équipements matériels (véhicules, points de rassemblent, etc ..). L’objectif principal de ce travail est d’apporter une assistance aux services techniques et aux forces de secours en termes d’accessibilité en proposant des itinéraires relatifs aux opérations de secours et d’évacuation des biens et des personnes. Nous considérons dans cette thèse, l’évacuation d’une zone urbaine de taille moyenne, exposée à l’aléa d’inondation. En cas d’inondation, la plupart des habitants seront évacués en utilisant leurs propres véhicules. Deux sites d’étude sont sélectionnés dans le projet ACCELL 1, val de Tours (Fr, 37) et val de Gien (Fr, 45). Protégé de l’aléa d’inondation par un ensemble de digues, le site du val de Tours est doté d’un système de prévision de crues fournie par le SPC 2 (DREAL 3) et le SCHAPI 4 permettant aux décideurs d’anticiper une crise majeure par une évacuation préventive. Contrairement au site tourangeau, le val de Gien peut bénéficier d’une évacuation de la population avant et pendant la catastrophe. L’inondation sur ce second val est du type lente par débordement (site partiellement digué), les coupures de routes au cours du temps sont prises en compte lors d’une évacuation pendant la crise. Notre objectif est de construire, pour chacun de ces deux sites, un plan d’évacuation, i.e., fixer pour chaque individu la date de départ et le chemin pour atteindre le point de rassemblement associé. Le plan d’évacuation doit éviter la congestion sur le réseau routier. Nous présentons ici un modèle d’optimisation spatio-temporel (STOM5) dédié à l’évacuation de la population exposée à une catastrophe naturelle et plus particulièrement à un risque d’inondationThe importance of managing an urban site threatened or affected by flooding requires the development of effective evacuation systems. An effective evacuation system has to take into account some constraints such as the transportation traffic which plays an important role as well as others such as the accessibility, necessary human resources and material equipment (vehicles, assembly points, etc...). The main objective of this work is to bring assistance to the technical services and brigade forces in terms of accessibility by providing itineraries with respect to rescue operations and the evacuation of people and goods.We consider the evacuation of a middle size area, exposed to a risk, and more precisely to a risk of flooding. In case of flooding event, the most of inhabitants will be evacuated by themselves, ie., using their personal vehicles. Considered case here, the flooding can be forecast in advance, and then the population has few days (2-4) to evacuate. Our aimis to build an evacuation plan, ie., fixing for each individual the date of departure and the path to reach the assembly point (also called shelter) associated. Evacuation plan must avoid congestion on the roads of evacuation network.Here, we present a spatio-temporal optimization model for the evacuation of the population exposed to natural disasters, and more particularly to a flood risk
44
Mužátko, Pavel. "Bazén v Litomyšli - stavebně technologický projekt." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226505.
Анотація:
The technological projeckt of building deals witch indoor swimming pool in Litomyšl. This Mastr's includes technical reports site equipment and STP, technological regulation, calculation, budget, inspection and test plan, wider transport relations, mechanical assembly for tis building.
45
Eriksson, Victoria, and Fanny Unnerfelt. "En hållbar logistiklösning för Järntorgets projekt Klarbäret." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158205.
Анотація:
Stockholmsregionen växer sig allt större och efterfrågan på bostäder är hög. Järntorget är ett företag vars kärnverksamhet består av bostadsutveckling, speciellt i attraktiva storstadslägen. Att Järntorget väljer att bygga i attraktiva storstadslägen leder till att många av byggprojekten är lokaliserade i områden med redan tät bebyggelse. Den täta bebyggelsen leder till logistiska problem i form av begränsade utrymmen att leverera och lagra material på. Logistik handlar om att få rätt material på rätt plats, i rätt tid och till rätt kostnad. I den här studien studeras projektet Klarbäret. Klarbäret består av 131 studentlägenheter som ska byggas i centrala Stockholm. Detta leder till att utrymmet är begränsat och det kommer att ställas höga krav på logistiken. Syftet med studien var att identifiera en lämplig logistiklösning för att minska kostnaderna, underlätta byggprocessen och öka effektiviteten vid byggprocessen. Studiens resultat pekade på att Järntorget borde anlita en logistikansvarig som kan vara med under hela processen och ansvara för logistiken. Det rekommenderas att logistikansvarig använder sig av det framtagna logistikdokumentet. Ytterligare ett förslag om att Järntorget ska använda sig av ett bokningssystem för sina transporter. Bokningssystemet skulle göra det lättare för alla berörda på arbetsplatsen att se när under dagen leveranser är beräknade till platsen och för att få leveranserna bättre sprida över dagen. Gällande transporter till bygget kommer materialet för bland annat stommen att behöva omlastas för att få in mindre lastbilar till byggarbetsplatsen på grund av den rådande BK2 klassningen i Stockholms innerstad. För att kunna genomföra detta rekommenderas att ta in ett TPL företag för att kunna minska transporterna genom samlastning. Eftersom det inte finns lagringsmöjligheter på byggarbetsplatsen behöver så mycket material som möjligt lyftas in i själva huskroppen när stommen för det våningsplanet är färdigställt. Det rekommenderas även att anlita ett TPL företag som kan bära in inredningsmaterial utanför arbetstid för att minska kostnader och öka effektiviteten. Vissa saker kommer inte att kunna lagras och behöver därför levereras när det ska användas. Bland annat betongelementen. Detta leder till att det utmynnar i en typ av JIT-lösning men då enbart för stommaterialet.
46
Kmeť, Peter. "Obchodní a administrativní centrum Poděbradská - stavebně technologický projekt." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409933.
Анотація:
This diploma thesis focuses on construction technology preparation of shopping center in Prague 9, Vysočany. The aim of this work was to choose an appropriate construction process. The thesis contains general information about construction with construction technology project, its financial and time consuming, facilities for construction and traffic situation in the surroundings of the construction, design of main machinery and mechanisms, technological regulation with control and test plan. The diploma thesis is focused on piles realization.
47
Hallman, Mattias, and Mirwais Elham. "Effektivare materialhantering från leveransmottagning till materialanvändning på en byggarbetsplats." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-37137.
Анотація:
Purpose: The problem with the construction industry is inefficient material handling that creates waste in form of unnecessary activities that do not increase the value of the product. The construction industry is accused of production delays, exceedance of budget and difficulties in having a high quality. The aim is to find opportunities for improvements to make the material handling on a construction site at deliveries, material storage and material transports more efficient. Method: A qualitative case study of an organisation was carried out to achieve the aim of the report. The methods used in this study was unstructured observations, semi structured interviews and document analysis. Findings: A checklist for material handling based on the theories of Muda, 5S and JIT within Lean has been designed as an improvement and is intended to be used at a construction site. The checklist is based on the collected empirical study and consists of three parts, based on the issues of the study, which were deliveries, material storage and material transport. The purpose of the checklist is to improve the material handling at a construction site by identifying and eliminating wastes in terms of waiting, transport, storage and defects. Implications: By using the checklist, follow the delivery plan, improve the construction site plan and improve the contract between the suppliers and the company that have been concluded from the study result, waste in deliveries, material storage and material transport can be reduced. The recommendation is to follow the suggestions for improvement to make the material handling more efficient and reduce waste on a construction site. Limitations: The limitations that have been made in the study is to identify the wastes in the material handling moments that have been used in the study during the different material handling processes. The communication between workers, in what way the company plans their work activities, work environment and quality of work is not included in the study.Syfte: Problemet i byggbranschen är ineffektiv materialhantering som skapar slöserier av resurser i form av onödiga aktiviteter som inte ökar värdet på slutprodukten. Byggnadssektorn anklagas för förseningar, budgetöverskridande och svårigheter att hålla en hög kvalitet. Målet är att hitta förbättringsmöjligheter för att effektivisera materialhantering på en byggarbetsplats vid leveransmottagning, materiallagring och materialförflyttning. Metod: För att uppnå studiens mål har en kvalitativ fallstudie av en organisation genomförts. De datainsamlingsmetoder som har använts är strukturerade observationer, semistrukturerade intervjuer och dokumentanalys. Resultat: En checklista för materialhantering baserad på teorierna Muda, 5S och JIT inom Lean har utformats som ett förbättringsförslag och är tänkt att användas på en byggarbetsplats. Checklistan är gjord utifrån studiens insamlade empiri och består av tre delar som utgår från studiens frågeställningar leveransmottagning, materiallagring och materialförflyttningen. Syftet med checklistan är att effektivisera materialhanteringen på en byggarbetsplats genom att identifiera och eliminera slöserierna i form av väntan, transport, lager och defekter. Konsekvenser: Genom att använda checklistan, följa leveransplanen, uppdatera APD-planen och förbättra kontraktet mellan leverantörer och företag som har framtagits i studiens resultat kan slöserier inom leveransmottagning, materiallagring och materialförflyttning minskas. Rekommendationerna blir att följa förbättringsförslagen för att effektivisera materialhanteringen och reducera slöserier på byggarbetsplatsen. Begränsningar: De avgränsningar som har gjorts i studien är att identifiera de valda slöserier inom Muda som behandlades i studien under olika materialhanteringsmoment. Kommunikationen mellan arbetarna, på vilket sätt företaget jobbar med att planera olika arbetsmoment, arbetsmiljö och arbetskvalitet ingår inte studien.
48
Dobrovská, Monika. "Výrobní hala s administrativní částí v Ústí nad Orlicí - Hylváty, stavebně technologická příprava stavby." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-239956.
Анотація:
The subject of the thesis is the construction and technological preparation of a production hall building with an administrative part in Ústí nad Orlicí – Hylváty. For the construction project a technical report, site equipment, studies of technological implementation, a time and financial schedule, a design of the main building machines and mechanisms, a time schedule and time standard, technological specification and the relevant inspection and test plans will be written. The other task includes a comparison of the two building envelope technologies, a contract for work, a plan of risks for the building evelope and pattern moving mechanical assemblies. The subject, which I deal with in this thesis, is in the field of constructions- selected details of the building envelope preparation.
49
Lehtisalo, Sofie, and Jesper Söderbäck. "Förbättring inom Textilias logistik avdelning : Hur transporter inom textilservicebranschen kan effektiviseras." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325606.
Анотація:
För att förbättra organisationens marknadsposition och reducera kostnaderna förverksamheten har ett förändringsarbete genomförts inom företagets logistikavdelning. Arbetet har genom undersökningar och observationer bidragit till slutsatsen om att organisationens transporter står mycket av sin tid i kö, vilket leder både till högre kostnader för verksamheten, sämre hållbarhet och större miljöpåverkan. För att reducera detta har således ett förbättringsförslag presenterats för organisationen där transportens schema har förändrats och många större kunder med ett flertal och regelbundna leveransturer har förflyttats från dag till nattkörning och på det viset finnas tillgängliga för kunden direkt på morgonen av leveransdag. Detta tror sig leda till bättre hållbarhet, mindre miljöpåverkan, högre kundnöjdhet och kostnadsreduceringar för organisationen då transporterna obehindrat kan utföra sina leveranser under natten. Rapporten presenterar även en kostnadskalkyl för att påvisa den eventuella kostnadsreduceringen som nämns ovan och även kunna konstatera de fördelar som finns i att genomföra förbättringarna för organisationen. En presentation av en implementeringsplan är även inkluderad i förändringsarbetet som ett led i hur organisationen ska gå till väga och vad som är viktigt att tänka på vid genomförande av att byta det nuvarande schemat, till ett förändrat och nyare schema.To improve the company's market position and reduce the cost, an improvement of the logistics department of the company has been proposed. The work has through studies and observations contributed to a conclusion that the transports of the company spend a lot of their time in traffic congestions. This leads to higher costs for the business, worse sustainability and a larger environmental impact. To reduce this impact, a proposal of change has been presented for the company. The schedule for the logistics has been changed and some larger customers with regular tours of deliveries have been transferred from day to night schedule. This way the customers' goods arrives in the morning of the delivery day. The improvement of the logistics department will lead to better sustainability, less impact on the environment, higher customer satisfaction and cost eduction for the company, as the transport unhindered can make their deliveries during the night. The report additionally presents a calculation of costs, where the potential reduce of costs and moreover the advantages of implementing these improvements are shown. Furthermore, a presentation plan for the implementation is included in the report, as one way of how the company may approach the execution. This includes the important aspects that might be significant when implementing the exchange of the old schedule to a new and improved on.
50
Louvet, Nicolas. "Les conditions d'une concertation productive dans l'action publique locale : le cas des plans de déplacements urbains." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00086554.
Анотація:
Evaluée dans son intensité démocratique (information – consultation – négociation), la concertation est critiquée pour son ambiguïté. Les autorités en regrettent les effets de blocages, les usagers-citoyens la taxent d'alibi. L'enjeu d'une analyse de la concertation dans l'élaboration des Plans de déplacements urbains était d'abandonner cette posture de dénonciation en cherchant à savoir non à qui profite cette concertation mais ce qu'elle produit.Premier résultat, c'est lorsque la participation s'effectue en amont qu'elle s'avère productive, qu'elle modifie la donne. Second résultat : une concertation « ciblée » – l'autorité organisatrice dialogue avec les associations sélectionnées a priori – pondère le discours technico-politique alors qu'une concertation « révélée » – le processus fait émerger des participants inattendus – ajoute au programme de nouvelles thématiques.