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1
Liu, Jieying, Lingxiao Li, Tianjiao Hou, Xinguo Wu, and Qiao Zhou. "Study on Security Angle of Gas Pipeline Elbow Based on Stress Analysis Method." Open Civil Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501610010133.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The gas pipelines usually undergo complicated and changeable regional environment. As the level of the potential difference or pipeline’s route changes in the space and therefore elastic bending cannot meet the needs when pipe changes its direction, we generally use pipe bend to connect two pipelines with different spatial extend direction during the pipe laying period, and it can reduce the temperature stress. Unreasonable design of elbow will lead to pipeline damage. We established mountain area pipeline model, and conducted analysis on pipeline stress under different elbow angles. Research shows that different angles of the bends suffer different operation stress, and we have come to the conclusion that the angle of pipe bends should not be within the range of 15 degrees to 35 degrees.
2
Liu, Jianping, Hong Zhang, Baodong Wang, Dong Zhang, Beilei Ji, Fan Fei, and Xiaoben Liu. "An Accurate and Efficient Fitness-For-Service Assessment Method of Pipes with Defects under Surface Load." Energies 14, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 5521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175521.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With continued urbanization in China, the construction of urban gas pipelines is increasing, and the safety of gas pipelines are also increasingly affected by urban development and the increased scope of buildings and roads. Pipes with defects are more likely to fail under the surface loads. In this study, uniaxial tensile tests of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes were carried out to obtain the real material parameters of pipe. A pipeline-soil interaction finite element model of HDPE pipeline with defects under surface load was established. The failure mechanism of the urban gas pipeline was studied and the influence of parameters such as internal pressure, defect position, defect depth on the mechanical behavior, and failure of pipelines were analyzed. A failure criterion for HDPE pipes with defects under surface load was proposed based on the limit-state curves obtained under different working conditions. Furthermore, an accurate and efficient fitness-for-service assessment procedure of pipes with defects under surface load was proposed. The results showed that maximum Mises stress of the pipeline gradually increased with increasing surface load and the position of maximum stress changed from the top and bottom of the pipe to the defect position and both sides of the pipe. Finally, when Mises stress of the HDPE pipe exceeds the yield limit, failure will occur. Internal pressure, defect location, and defect depth were found to influence the failure process and critical surface load of the pipeline. Safety evaluation curves of the gas pipeline with defects under surface load were obtained by calculating the critical failure load of the pipeline under various working conditions. Finally, a nonlinear fitting method was used to derive a formula for calculating the critical surface load under different defect parameters. The proposed method provides a useful reference for urban gas pipeline safety management.
3
Xu, Guo Fu, Zheng Dong Deng, Fei Fan Deng, and Guo Bin Liu. "Numerical Simulation on the Dynamic Response of Buried Pipelines Subjected to Blast Loads." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.519.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When the shock wave caused by explosion in geotechnical medium encountered buried pipeline, the buried pipeline may be destroyed. Use the LS-DYNA program to describe the deformation of buried pipelines under explosion ground shock. The results indicate that the process of the stress on pipe is instantaneous, and the back of buried pipelines against explosion center suffers greater instantaneous pulling stress in axis direction. The stress on the pipes, which is brought by the weaponary explosion, is involved with the distance between the pipe and explosion center and the diameter of pipe, among which the former involves greater. And the smaller pipe would get greater shock.
4
Serediuk, М. D. "Influence of roughness of pipes surface on flow capacity and energy efficiency of gas pipelines operation." Oil and Gas Power Engineering, no. 1(35) (June 29, 2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2021-1(35)-39-47.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Long-term operation of main gas pipelines, the presence of water and mechanical impurities in the transported gas lead to erosion and corrosion damages to the inner surface of pipes, which causes an increase in its roughness. The increase in roughness results in an increase of the hydraulic resistance of natural gas pipelines, as well as affects theirs transport and energy consumption parameters. To manage the regimes of operation of main gas pipelines it is necessary to adequately predict their flow capacity and energy consumption for natural gas transportation under real values of pipe roughness which is higher than designed ones. On the basis of gas-dynamic equations of the steady-state gas movement the regularities of the influence of the pipe surface roughness on the hydraulic energy consumption of gas transportation at constant gas flow in the section of the gas pipeline are established. The regularities of the influence of the pipe surface roughness on the hydraulic efficiency coefficient of the gas pipeline section under idem difference of squares of inlet and outlet gas pressure values are clarified. It is established that the value of hydraulic efficiency coefficient of the gas pipeline section for specified value of absolute equivalent roughness of the pipe surface actually does not depend on the pipe inner diameter and slightly depends on the flowrate in the gas pipeline. The method of capacity and energy efficiency determination of the gas-dynamic system called compressor station – pipeline section for the increased pipe inner surface roughness in comparison with its designed value is proposed. The method involves mathematical modelling of gas-dynamic characteristics of centrifugal compressors, thermohydraulic calculation of the pipeline section taking into account the actual roughness of the pipe, consideration of pressure and gas flowrate technological limitations as well as energy consumption determination taken per unit of work lost in transport
5
Delistoian, Dmitri, and Mihael Chirchor. "UOE Pipe Numerical Model: Manufacturing Process And Von Mises Residual Stresses Resulted After Each Technological Step." ACTA Universitatis Cibiniensis 69, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aucts-2017-0014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Fluid transportation from production areas to final customer is effectuated by pipelines. For oil and gas industry, pipeline safety and reliability represents a priority. From this reason, pipe quality guarantee directly influence pipeline designed life, but first of all protects environment. A significant number of longitudinally welded pipes, for onshore/offshore pipelines, are manufactured by UOE method. This method is based on cold forming. In present study, using finite element method is modeled UOE pipe manufacturing process and is obtained von Mises stresses for each step. Numerical simulation is performed for L415 MB (X60) steel plate with 7,9 mm thickness, length 30 mm and width 1250mm, as result it is obtained a DN 400 pipe.
6
Golikov, N. I., M. M. Sidorov, I. I. Sannikov, and A. K. Rodionov. "Study of the mechanical properties of the gas pipeline metal after long-term operation in conditions of the North." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 86, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2020-86-6-48-54.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The residual strength and technical condition of the material of 530-mm steel pipe (14KhGS) of main gas pipeline are estimated to ensure the safety of long-term operation of pipelines in climatic conditions of the North. The mechanical properties are determined using standard methods of mechanical testing in laboratory conditions. A full-scale pressure test up to failure is used to determine the actual values of the fracture toughness and safety factor of the pipe. Full-scale tests were carried out on a test bench, a computer-measuring complex which displayed the reaction of the object to the load. A pipe fragment was cut from the linear part of the main gas pipeline and welded with spherical plugs. The outer surface of the pipe was notched along the pipe axis. The depth of the notch was calculated such that the breaking load on the ligament section at the notch site corresponded to the working pressure of the gas pipeline. No significant changes in the mechanical properties of the pipe metal were revealed in the absence of visible corrosion and deformation damage during long-term operation of the pipe in the North. Impact tests did not reveal embrittlement of the metal of the tested pipes. Full-scale tests of a pipe with an artificially applied defect made it possible to calculate the value of the critical stress intensity factor, which allowed us to estimate the residual strength of a pipe with a longitudinal crack. The value of the strength criterion of the fracture mechanics indicates the preservation of a sufficiently high viscosity of sheet metal pipes. Similar tests of the pipes (of other size and made of other materials) operating in the main gas pipelines should be continued taking into account temperature ranges and material degradation after long-term operation.
7
Hassani, Nemat, Mahdi Shadab Far, and Hadi Kordestani. "Effects of Crossing Angle on the Behavior of Buried Steel Pipelines Crossing Fault." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 630–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.630.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the most important factors that may cause a buried steel pipeline to reach the failure limit is the permanent ground displacement. In this paper, assuming SHELL element for pipeline and SOLID element for soil and also considering the interaction of pipe-soil, analysis of buried pipelines crossing fault and parametric study of pipeline behavior were performed. The results of this study show that the behavior of buried pipelines crossing fault is not sensitive to the pipe-fault crossing angle. The main reason for this is the immense strain of the pipe due to the section deformation and local buckling of the pipe body that is caused by the permanent ground displacement. The strain from this phenomenon is so great that the pipe-fault crossing angle cannot have much effect on it. The research also shows that it is better to consider pipe bending than dealing with the pipe-fault crossing angle, because it is a more important parameter in the behavior of buried pipelines crossing faults, and it has a meaningful relationship with the reached maximum strain in the pipeline.
8
Maxey, W. A. "Fracture Propagation in Underwater Gas Pipelines." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 108, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231238.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two full-scale ductile fracture propagation experiments on segments of line pipe pressurized with nitrogen gas have been conducted underwater at a depth of 40 ft (12 m) to evaluate the ductile fracture phenomenon in underwater pipelines. The pipes were 22-in. (559-mm) diameter and 42-in. (1067-mm) diameter. Fracture velocities were measured and arrest conditions were observed. The overpressure in the water surrounding the pipe resulting from the release of the compressed nitrogen gas contained in the pipe was measured in both experiments. The overpressure in the water reduces the stress in the pipe wall and thus slows down the fracture. In addition, the water surrounding the pipe appears to be more effective than soil backfill in producing a slower fracture velocity. Both of these effects suggest a greater tendency toward arrest for a pipeline underwater than would be the case for the same pipeline buried in soil onshore. Further verification of this effect is planned and a modified version of the existing model for predicting ductile fracture in buried pipelines will be developed for underwater pipelines.
9
Sahoo, Smrutirekha, Bappaditya Manna, and K. G. Sharma. "Seismic Behaviour of Buried Pipelines: 3D Finite Element Approach." Journal of Earthquakes 2014 (August 5, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/818923.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a numerical investigation on six pipeline models to study the seismic response of single and double buried pipelines using finite element method. Different depth and spacing of pipes are considered to investigate their prominent role in the seismic response of buried pipelines under an earthquake loading having PGA of 0.2468 g. In case of single pipeline, the maximum magnitude of final displacement as well as the stress at the end of the seismic sequence is found at the burial depth equal to the pipe diameter. In case of double pipeline, the maximum magnitude of final displacement is found when the spacing between pipes is equal to half the pipe diameter and there is an increasing tendency of developed stress with increase in spacing between pipes. In addition to the above results, the response of the buried pipelines with a particular bend angle (artificially induced bend/buckle) to the permanent ground deformation which is assumed to be the result of seismic wave propagation has also been studied. Remarkable differences in these results are obtained and with these results the designers can reduce seismic risk to their buried pipelines by taking proper precautionary measures.
10
Park, H. S., J. S. Kang, J. Y. Yoo, and Chan Gyung Park. "In Situ TEM and APT Analysis on the Dislocations Associated with Solute Carbons in Strain-Aged Low Carbon Pipeline Steels." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.122.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Low carbon (~0.34 at.%) pipeline steels with high strength and high toughness are widely used for the transportation of petroleum and natural gas. These pipelines usually experience UOE (bending by U press, forming by O press, Expansion) piping followed by coating process at 250°C, which usually cause strain aging phenomenon with discontinuous yielding in service. In order to understand the major cause of the strain aging in these low carbon pipeline steels, the dislocations associated with solute carbon atoms have been investigated in three different types of steels (plate, pipe, and coated pipe). In-situ TEM heating up to 250°C for 30min did not cause any change of structure in both steel plate and pipe. However, APT results revealed the segregation of carbon atoms alone dislocation lines in ferrite region of both UOE pipes and coated pipes. It is believed that this solute segregation along the dislocations is the major cause in the case of strain aging of low carbon pipeline steels.
11
Lim, Kah Qi, Chao Bao, Mohd Syahrul Hisyam Mohd Sani, and Lim Kar Sing. "Numerical Study on the Effect of Defect Length upon Burst Capacity of Composite Repaired Pipe." Key Engineering Materials 879 (March 2021): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.879.179.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pipeline system is one of the essential infrastructures in oil and gas industries as it is used to transport oil and gas over long distance. However, pipelines will undergo damages and deteriorations after being used for some years, especially when corrosion occurs. Corrosive pipes will experience reduction in wall thickness resulted a lower remaining strength of the pipe, and consequently lead to failure once the remaining strength unable to withstand the desired operating pressure of the pipe. Therefore, additional strength from repairing job needs to be provided, for instance, by using fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Unlike the corroded pipeline assessment codes, the pipeline repair codes that are used to design composite repair system of corroded pipe do not include the defect geometries such as defect length. In this study, burst pressure of the composite repaired pipeline with different defect lengths and the effect of the defect length upon the burst capacity of composite repaired pipe are investigated. The study is carried out by finite element analysis on various defective pipes with different defect length sizes. The results show that the difference of the burst pressure subjected to various defect lengths is 15.59% and this had proved that there is effect of defect length upon the burst capacity of composite repaired pipe. This finding can be very useful for optimizing the existing repair design.
12
Shi, He, Jinzhe Gong, Peter R. Cook, John W. Arkwright, Gretel M. Png, Martin F. Lambert, Aaron C. Zecchin, and Angus R. Simpson. "Wave separation and pipeline condition assessment using in-pipe fibre optic pressure sensors." Journal of Hydroinformatics 21, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2019.051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The use of two pressure transducers in close proximity can enable the separation of the directional travelling pressure waves in pipelines. However, the implementation of this measurement strategy in real water pipes is difficult due to the lack of closely located access points. This paper reports the use of a customised in-pipe fibre optic pressure sensor array for hydraulic transient wave separation and pipeline condition assessment. The fibre optic pressure sensor array can be inserted into a pressurised pipeline through a single access point. The array consists of multiple fibre Bragg grating (FBG)-based pressure sensors in close proximity (∼0.5 m apart). A previously developed wave separation algorithm is adapted to analyse the transient pressure measurement from the FBG sensors. The resultant directional pressure waves are then used to detect pipe sections with a thinner wall thickness. A challenge is the influence of the in-pipe fibre optic sensing cable on the transient pressure measurement. The impact is analysed and adjustments to the pipeline condition assessment algorithm are undertaken to resolve the issue. The successful experimental application verifies the usefulness of the in-pipe fibre optic sensor array, which can facilitate transient-based pipeline condition assessment for buried water pipes with limited access points.
13
Sakhno, Konstantin, Tat Manh Do, Vladimir Tsaloev, and Artem Butsanets. "Piping assembly with regard to the design trace of ship systems." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 08008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124408008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The influence of design routing on the possibility of assembling pipelines of ship systems is considered. As a result, it is planned to manufacture pipes for the backlog, ensuring successful installation to reduce the labor intensity of pipeline work and shorten the construction time of the vessel as a whole. To exclude deviations during the installation of ship pipelines systems, it is proposed to use direct pipes made with an admissible mixing and connection. According to the proposed approach, in which the joints are not installed perpendicular to the pipe axis, but mutually parallel, a line consisting only of straight pipes (or having straight sections in its composition) can be moved to eliminate possible deviations of rigidly fixed joints by the actually required value. The process of excluding pipeline deviations when using straight pipes made with an allowable offset of mutual arrangement of joints and pipe turning is simulated.
14
Katebi, Mohammad, Pooneh Maghoul, and James Blatz. "Numerical analysis of pipeline response to slow landslides: case study." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56, no. 12 (December 2019): 1779–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0457.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A numerical analysis is carried out to study the behaviour of pipelines subjected to slow landslides at three at-risk landslide zones of Manitoba Pipeline Network. The pipeline’s longitudinal axis is parallel to the slow landslides at all three research sites. The ground displacements monitored for 5 years are imposed on the pipe using a special purpose pipe–soil interaction element (PSI element) using ABAQUS/Standard. The stiffness of PSI elements is defined based on soil–pipe interface properties according to a 2017 technical report from Pipeline Research Council International Inc. The results of the numerical analysis are compared with the instrumentation data to draw recommendations for future monitoring programs in slow landslide zones.
15
Li, Xinze, Qingbai Wu, and Huijun Jin. "New Methods for Predicting Strain Demand of Arctic Gas Pipelines across Permafrost under Frost Heave Displacement." Geofluids 2022 (March 25, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9094890.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With increasing gas resource development in the Arctic region, gas pipeline installations in permafrost regions are becoming important. Frost heave of pipeline foundation soils may occur when a chilled gas pipeline passes through unfrozen areas with frost-susceptible soils. The stress and strain behaviors caused by the differential frost heave will directly affect the safety of the pipeline. A nonlinear finite element model (FEM) computing the mechanical responses of the buried gas pipeline subjected to frost heave load was established and successfully validated with the results of a large-scale indoor pipe-soil interaction experiment carried out in Caen in France. Utilizing C# language and object-oriented visual programming techniques, a new customized parametric strain calculation software was developed. The effects of pipe diameter, pipe wall thickness, pipe internal pressure, and peak soil resistance on the longitudinal strain of X60, X70, and X80 steel pipes have been investigated quantitatively. For the first time, a fitting semiempirical equation and trained backpropagation neural network (BPNN) for predicting pipeline strain demand subjected to frost heave load were proposed based on 2688 groups of FEM results. The comparison results have proved their high accuracy and lower running time cost. The proposed new methods can be applied in the strain-based pipeline design and safety evaluation of pipelines in service. It is in the hope of supplementing existing theory and identifying new approaches for arctic gas pipeline installations.
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Zhao, Chun Zhi, Meng Chi Huang, Yi Liu, and Li Ping Ma. "Research on Life Cycle Assessment of Plastic Pipeline System." Materials Science Forum 847 (March 2016): 366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.847.366.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plastic pipe is a kind of new pipeline material and its output has been increasing in recent years. It is still mainly used for water supply and drainage of buildings and municipal utility industry as well as for safe drinking in rural areas, about half of all plastic pipelines are used for buildings, and the proportion of these pipelines used in other fields is also increasing. Plastic pipeline system's influence on the environment within its life cycle is the focus of researches in recent years. Based on life cycle assessment (LCA), this paper assesses the common water supply and drainage pipelines (PPR, PE and PVC-U) for buildings for resource and energy consumption, non-renewable resource consumption (ADP) of pollution gas emission, greenhouse effect (GWP), acidification effect (AP) and eutrophication (EP) and inhalable inorganics (RI) generated in the process of life cycle from raw material exploitation to produce production and other environmental influence closely related to the national energy conservation and emission reduction policy. The result shows that the influence indexes of non-renewable resource consumption for functional unit of PPR pipe, PE pipe and PVC-U pipe are 2.22×10-5 Kg antimony eq./ kg, 1.51×10-5 Kg antimony eq./ kg, 6.82×10-6 Kg antimony eq./ kg; those of acidification effect are 1.92×10-2kg SO2 eq./ kg, 1.96×10-2g SO2 eq./ kg, 3.90×10-2kg SO2 eq./ kg; those of eutrophication are 2.39×10-3kg PO43-eq./ kg, 2.36×10-3kg PO43-eq./ kg, 3.40×10-3kg PO43-eq./ kg; those of inhalable inorganics are 6.46×10-3 kg PM2.5 eq./ kg, 6.30×10-3 kg PM2.5 eq./ kg, 1.91×10-2 kg PM2.5 eq./ kg; those of greenhouse effect are 3.72kg CO2 eq./ kg, 3.60kg CO2 eq./ kg, 7.93kg CO2 eq./ kg. This result shows that the environmental influence of PPR, PE and PVC-U pipes mainly depends on the raw materials required for producing pipes, so the key of plastic pipeline greening is to reduce the consumption of virgin resin. This investigation creates a database about plastic pipeline's influence on environment within its full life cycle for the purpose of laying a foundation for calculating intrinsic energy in a building, promoting selection of green building material, facilitating the realization of green building objective, and improving the knowledge of developer, constructor and user to potential influence of the pipeline system within its life cycle.
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Albarody, Thar M. Badri, Mustaffa Bt Zahiraniza, and Mohammed Badri Taufiq. "Pipeline Reeling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 376 (August 2013): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.376.185.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The reel laying offshore pipeline installation method is known to be easier and cost effective, but the method may induce some plastic deformation into the pipe, thus affecting the strength and ductility of the pipe material. However, the design and modeling of applied bending loads to the pipe during spooling of (initially straight) or laying of (initially bent) pipe has become a great challenge and are addressed in this study,sifting parametrically pipelines stiffness. It is demonstrated that rigid pipeline requires higher spooling loads, but indeed rigidity improves the laying effort without the need of applying tension, thus making it more tractable during the straighteningstage. The paper also emphasizes on pipe free-end deformations and offset of bending, which extends the findings of previous works on spooling or laying control.
18
Sakhno, Konstantin Nickolaevich, Manh Do Tat, Hoang Bui Sy, Vladimir Muratovich Tsaloev, Peyvand Ahmad Saadati, Fedor Aleksandrovich Lapeko, and Tuyen Vu Van. "Solutions to enhance technology in the fabrication process and installation of marine pipelines." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2021, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2021-4-17-26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article describes possible solutions of the problem connected with shortening shipbuilding construction time as well as reducing production costs. To reduce the total amount of labour involved in the manufacture and installation of ship piping systems, which is 20% compared to the total labour volume of shipbuilding, authors provide the research on the possibility of manufacturing straight pipe sections with permissible deviations in combination with free flanges, analysis of deviation compensation for pipelines through the use of straight pipe sections manufactured with permissible tolerance and proposing new theoretical solutions to improve manufacturing and installing ship piping systems. Introduction of these technologies contributes to reduction of cycles of building and decrease in labour-intensiveness of pipeline works when carrying out marine orders. The chart of modeling the system of pipelines is presented. A straight pipe manufactured with an allowable deflection on a flat support and a loose flange attached to the end of the welded pipe are shown. The scheme of a permissible deviation α at mounting the connections between pipes is considered. The possibility of assembling curved pipelines using straight pipe sections is described in detail. The compensation zone is illustrated using the rotation of two pairs of deflected straight pipes. A block diagram of the application of research results in manufacturing and mounting a pipeline system has been developed
19
Sabzi, Peyman, and Saheb Noroozi. "The Effect of Slightly Upward and Downward Inclined Pipes on the Stability of Gas-Oil Two-Phase Flow." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 14, no. 1 (October 23, 2014): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.49712.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pipeline inclination has an important effect on the stability of two-phase flow and flow assurance in the pipeline. This inclination may be intentional; it may be inevitable in pipeline installation; or it may be due to an error in pipeline installation. In this situation, even the slight inclination of the pipe plays an important role in the growth or elimination of the instability of the two-phase flow. In this study using a code designed for the analysis of pipelines’ two-phase flow, the stability of the two-phase flow for Kerosene oil flow along with methane gas has been compared in downward inclined pipes, upward inclined pipes, and horizontal pipes. Using the mentioned computer code, it has been proved that the pipe’s upward inclination results in the increase of two-phase flow instability, while the pipe’s downward inclination is helpful in two-phase flow stability. In order to model two-phase flow in the pipe, two-fluid model has been used. This model considers each phase separately and the equations of mass conservation and momentum are written for each phase. The momentum exchange between the two phases and between each phase and the pipe wall has been considered. Conservation equations have been solved using SIMPLE algorithm in a numerical form with finite volume method.Keywords: Pipes, Two-Phase Flow, Inclined Stability, Two-Fluid Model
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Keramat, Alireza, Milad Payesteh, Bruno Brunone, and Silvia Meniconi. "Interdependence of flow and pipe characteristics in transient induced contamination intrusion: numerical analysis." Journal of Hydroinformatics 22, no. 3 (April 10, 2020): 473–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2020.069.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Contaminant intrusion in pipelines during transients is a remarkable mechanism, which leads to a decline in the quality of the contained water. The negative pressure of water hammer pressure waves is the trigger for the suction of pollution from the surrounding leak area, and hence deteriorating water quality. The volume of contamination intruded into the pipeline is investigated using mathematical and numerical modeling of the phenomenon. To elucidate this phenomenon in real pipe systems, the intrusion amount is estimated for 72 different scenarios including: two lengths of pipeline (i.e. short and long), three different leak locations, three different fluid velocities in the pipe, two leak diameters and two pipeline materials (elastic and viscoelastic). The results showed that the amount of intrusion in viscoelastic pipes was clearly less than that in elastic pipes, especially in long pipelines. The critical zone of high intrusion risk is identified close to the downstream valve for small leak sizes, nevertheless, it is difficult to estimate this zone in the case of large leaks due to significant interactions between nodal components (valve, leak, reservoir).
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Zhang, Yong Qiang, Li Liu, Zhi Gang Yang, and Chuan Ta. "Combination Application Strategy of Non-Metal Compound Pipe and its Verification." Materials Science Forum 944 (January 2019): 873–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.944.873.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The service environment of Yanchang oilfield was researched. The corrosion environment of the oil and gas area of Yanchang group is different, the summer rainstorm is frequent and the landslide debris flow is easy to occur. The theoretical analysis and pilot test of pipeline performance have been carried out. We suggest that the steel pipeline, t FRP pipeline and the flexible composite pipe for high pressure transmission can be used in Yanchang group. The combined application strategy of steel pipeline, FRP pipeline and flexible composite pipe for high pressure transmission was proposed and verified. The results show that the combined application strategy effectively slows down the pipeline corrosion problem, reduces pipeline leakage accidents caused by accidental landslides, and reduces environmental pollution accidents caused by accidents such as pipeline corrosion and leakage. The tracking and analysis of pipeline combined application strategy for up to 5 years, the results show that the pipeline combined application strategy is more economical. It is concluded that the combined application strategy of steel pipelines, FRP pipelines and Flexible Composite Pipe for High Pressure Transmissions can ensure smooth operation of pipelines and save costs in the development of oil and gas fields, and it is recommended to popularize.
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Han, Yan. "Study on the Submarine Pipeline with Flexible Spoilers." Key Engineering Materials 501 (January 2012): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.501.431.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two new methods which use flexible spoilers to protect submarine pipelines are proposed. One is put flexible spoiler on the top of the pipe to make pipe self-buried. The other is put flexible spoiler under the pipe to stop the erosion under the pipe. Through physical experiments, the pressure distribution and scour hole around the submarine pipeline with flexible deflectors were studied. Experiment results point out that top flexible spoiler can increase the resistance of the pipe, increase the scour hole depth, accordingly make the pipeline be self-buried. The flexible spoiler under the pipe can reduce the pressure difference between both sides of the pipeline, diminish the scour hole depth obviously and even to stop scour.
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Lee, Woo-Dong, Hyo-Jae Jo, Han-Sol Kim, Min-Jun Kang, Kwang-Hyo Jung, and Dong-Soo Hur. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Self-Burial Mechanism of Pipeline with Spoiler under Steady Flow Conditions." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7120456.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Herein, hydraulic model experiments and numerical simulations were performed to understand the self-burial mechanism of subsea pipelines with spoilers under steady flow conditions. First, scour characteristics and self-burial functions according to the spoiler length-to-pipe diameter ratio (S/D) were investigated through hydraulic experiments. Further, the Navier–Stokes solver was verified. The experimental values of the velocity at the bottom of the pipeline with a spoiler and the pressure on the sand foundation where the pipeline rested were represented with the degree of conformity. Scour characteristics of a sand foundation were investigated from the numerical analysis results of the velocity and vorticity surrounding the pipelines with spoilers. The compilation of results from the hydraulic experiment and numerical analysis showed that the projected area increased when a spoiler was attached to the subsea pipes. This consequently increased the velocity of fluid leaving the top and bottom of the pipe, and high vorticity was formed within and above the sand foundation. This aggravated scouring at the pipe base and increased the top and bottom asymmetry of the dynamic pressure field, which developed a downward force on the pipeline. These two primary effects acting simultaneously under steady flow conditions explained the self-burial of pipelines with a spoiler attachment.
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Ulyukina, E. A., A. A. Prokhorov, and I. G. Golubev. "Efficient Use of Collapsible Irrigation Pipelines." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 3 (March 30, 2022): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2022-3-20-25.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The designs of a collapsible pipeline for mobile irrigation systems are considered. The adv antages and disadvantages of pipelines made of various materials are analyzed. Several new technical solutions have been proposed - a movable pipe connection, a quick-detachable movable pipe connection, a device for dismantling collapsible pipelines, a linear element of a collapsible pipeline, which make it possible to increase the efficiency of pipelines for irrigation networks.
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Kitaev, S. V., N. M. Darsalia, I. R. Baykov, and O. V. Smorodova. "THE MAIN GAS PIPELINES DEFECTS ANALYZING BY OPERATION PERIOD AND EXTENSION." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 6 (January 20, 2019): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2018-6-93-99.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The gas pipeline system of PJSC «Gazprom» is at the stage of long-term operation. Most of the pipelines exceed the standard service life of 33 years, while considerable resources are required to maintain the trunk gas pipelines in an efficient state. The article analyzes the defectiveness of gas mains by the example of LLC «Gazprom transgaz Ufa». The company’s gas pipeline system consists of a wide range of diameters pipes ranging from DN 400 to DN 1400 mm. Its structure is dominated by pipelines with a diameter of DN 400, 500, 700, 1400 mm, which share exceeds 86 %. An integral Gini index is proposed for monitoring the differentiation of defects along the length of the line pipe of the main gas pipelines. By the value of the proposed indicator, it is possible to analyze and compare the sections of gas pipelines among themselves, to identify the signs that affect the development of defects along the line pipe of the main gas pipelines.
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Shi, Jiangwei, Yu Wang, and Charles W. W. Ng. "Buried pipeline responses to ground displacements induced by adjacent static pipe bursting." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 5 (May 2013): 481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0304.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To minimize disruptions of economic and social activities on the ground surface in urban areas, trenchless techniques such as pipe bursting are often considered for underground pipeline construction, rehabilitation, and renewal of existing utility services. Pipe bursting, however, inevitably induces outward displacements of surrounding soil, and subsequently leads to potential damages to adjacent structures and utilities. This paper carries out finite element (FE) analyses to investigate effects of the static pipe bursting–induced ground displacements on adjacent pipelines. In total 760 FE parametric studies are performed to encompass various combinations of ground settlement profiles, pipe dimensions, material properties, and soil properties that are typical of utility pipelines and pipe bursting in urban areas. The FE parametric results are summarized in a dimensionless plot of relative pipe–soil stiffness versus ratio of maximum pipe curvature to maximum ground curvature, which can be used to directly estimate the maximum pipe bending strain and (or) directly evaluate pipeline responses to adjacent pipe bursting. A worked example is provided to illustrate usage of the dimensionless plot. It is further found that the pipe–soil interaction is similar for pipe bursting and tunneling, and the effects of both pipe bursting and tunneling on adjacent pipelines can be assessed using a unified dimensionless plot. Effects of the intersection angle between the pipe bursting centerline and adjacent pipeline are explored. The pipe responses are shown to be underestimated or unconservative when only the perpendicular case is considered in the analysis.
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Sankarasubramanian, Praveen, and Dr Ganesh E.N. "IoT based Optimal Liquid Metal Pipeline Damage Detection Using Hybrid Soft Computing Techniques." NeuroQuantology 20, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 773–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.5.nq22234.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The pipeline plays an important role in transporting liquid metals over long distances. However, due to the harsh conditions on the construction site, the pipelines are always exposed to structural damage due to corrosion, damage, etc. These pipelines are often vulnerable to natural and third-party events such as explosions, earthquakes, explosions, drilling and vehicle traffic. Methods for monitoring liquid metal pipes include the use of continuous pipe assessments and pipe integration management systems. One of the biggest challenges faced by liquid metal pipeline system in the past has been the real-time monitoring of seamless pipes at certain locations. Previous studies of liquid metal pipeline monitoring have rarely focused on real-time wireless data transmission and data monitoring in the Internet of Things (IoT) operating system. In this paper, we propose an optimal liquid metal pipeline damage detection using IoT sensor platform and hybrid soft computing techniques. The proposed work consists of two fold systems such as data collection and data processing unit. In data collection unit, we utilize IoT sensors deployment with the multimedia sensors to gather liquid metal pipeline images which improve the detection accuracy. In data processing unit, we introduce a hybrid cat hunting based neural network (hybrid CHNN) to detect and localize the pipeline damages/cracks to avoid unwanted leakage and accidents. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our proposed hybrid CHNN detector with the different test samples and the simulation results are compared with the existing stateof- art pipeline damage detectors in terms of accuracy, precision, Recall and F-measure.
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Wang, Min, Mingshou Zhong, Yuan Long, Kai Ding, Xingbo Xie, and Liu Ying. "Study on Dynamic Strain Regularity and Influencing Factors of Shallow Buried Metal Pipe under Collapse Impact Load." Shock and Vibration 2018 (December 2, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8792564.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the combination of model experiment and numerical simulation, we explore the effect of collapse height, weight, and pipe-soil stiffness ratio on dynamic strain of shallow buried metal pipe under the collapse impact load. By analyzing the strain at different measuring points of the buried pipeline, the strain law of the buried pipeline under the collapse impact load is obtained. Based on the range analysis and variance significance analysis, it was found that the pipe-soil stiffness ratio has a more significant impact on the dynamic strain of the buried pipeline under impact compared to the collapse height and the weight. Then, the numerical simulation method was used to further analyze the effect of pipe-soil stiffness ratio on the dynamic response of buried pipelines; the following conclusions are drawn: As the stiffness ratio of pipe-soil increases, the plastic stress and strain of the buried pipeline will decrease, and influence of the pipeline by the collapse impact is slighter.
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Mohmmed, Abdalellah Omer, Mohammad Shakir Nasif, Hussain Hamoud Al-Kayiem, and Zahid Ibrahim Al-Hashimy. "Numerical Study on Fluid Structure Interaction of Slug Flow in a Horizontal Pipeline." Applied Mechanics and Materials 819 (January 2016): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.819.319.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is well-known that when slug flow occurs in pipes it may result in damaging the pipe line. Therefore it is important to predict the slug occurrence and its effect. Slug flow regime is unsteady in nature and the pipelines conveying it are indeed susceptible to significant cyclic stresses. In this work, a numerical study has been conducted to investigate the interaction between the slug flow and solid pipe. Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) coupling between 3-D Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) and 3-D pipeline model code has been developed to assess the stresses on the pipe due to slug flow. Time – dependent stresses results has been analyzed together with the slug characteristic along the pipe. Results revealed that the dynamic behavior of the pipelines is strongly affected by slug parameters. The FSI simulation results show that the maximum stresses occurred close to the pipe supports due to slug flow, where the pipe response to the exerted slug forces is extremely high. These stresses will subsequently cause fatigue damage which is likely reduce the total lifetime of the pipeline. Therefore a careful attention should be made during the design stage of the pipeline to account for these stresses. The system has been investigated under multiple water velocities and constant air velocity, the maximum stress was obtained at the water velocity of 0.505 m/s. Moreover, when the water velocity is increased from 0.502 to 1.003 m/s the maximum stress magnitude is decreased by 1.2% and when it is increased to 1.505 m/s the maximum stress is diminished by 3.6%.
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Rojhani, Mahdi, Majid Moradi, Abbas Galandarzadeh, and Shiro Takada. "Centrifuge modeling of buried continuous pipelines subjected to reverse faulting." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 49, no. 6 (June 2012): 659–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t2012-022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seismic ground faulting is a severe hazard for continuous buried pipelines. Over the years, researchers have attempted to understand pipeline behavior mostly via numerical models such as the finite element method. The lack of well-documented field case histories of pipeline failure due to faulting along with the costly and complex facilities needed for full-scale experimental simulation make a centrifuge-based method to determine the behavior of pipelines subject to faulting the best method to verify numerical approaches. This paper presents results from four centrifuge tests investigating the behavior of continuous buried steel pipelines that were subjected to reverse faulting. The axial and bending strains induced in a pipeline are presented. Also investigated is the influence of factors such as faulting offset, burial depth, and pipe diameter on the axial and bending strain of pipelines and on the ground soil failure and pipeline deformation pattern. Finally, the initial strain at the wrinkling point of the pipe under reverse faulting is studied and compared with theoretical values. It was found that the pipe deformation mechanism and damage type are significantly altered by variations in pipe diameter, burial depth, and pipe section slenderness ratio (diameter to thickness ratio). Increasing the diameter and burial depth of a pipe changes the deformation mechanism from beam buckling to wrinkling. The wrinkling strains from these tests are in good agreement with the findings of Hall and Newmark.
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Yan, Sunting, Zhongqiang Liu, Jiansheng Hu, Yonggui Chen, Xiaoli Shen, and Guoyang Teng. "Stress analysis of pipelines with small misalignment under internal pressure using fast modelling system ABAP." MATEC Web of Conferences 358 (2022): 01040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235801040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a numerical finite element analysis of pipelines with small misalignment under internal pressure using a developed fast pipeline modelling system ABAP using Python development environment of ABAQUS. The effect of small misalignment is shown to affect at most 10% of stress levels. Extensive parametric analyses have been conducted on the pipe length, pipe thickness. Pipe length has trival effect on non-uniform stress distribution when length/diameter ratio is greater than 1. For thinner pipe, misalignment amplifies the circumferential non-uniformity more significantly than thicker pipe. This paper serves to enhance the understanding of pipes with small installation misalignment defects under pure internal pressure.
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Tian, Xin, and Chi Yuan Ren. "Pipe Length Limit Analysis to Tunnel Vertical Well of Natural Gas Pipeline." Applied Mechanics and Materials 457-458 (October 2013): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.457-458.633.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In practical applications, often using natural gas pipeline through the pipe shaft way, so conditions for shaft pipe stress analysis has a very important practical significance and economic value, and limit the tube length calculation is one of the key issues. Take advantage of this stress analysis software, combined with program design, the shaft condition of the pipeline depth simulation. The results show that: gas pipeline tunnel shaft limit pipe length and pipe material, wall thickness and operating conditions are closely related, the greater the steel yield strength and wall thickness, the smaller the operating pressure, the longer the tube length limit. In the actual design pipeline crossing, it should fully take into account the limits of the tube length limit, the limit calculated under different conditions, to ensure the normal operation of gas pipelines provide pipeline reliability and economic benefits.
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Jehhef, Kadhum A., Mohamed A. Siba, and Hayder S. Abdulamir. "Numerical Study of Effect of Using Nanofluids Flowing in Simply Supported Pipes on Vibrations Characteristics." Engineering and Technology Journal 38, no. 1A (January 25, 2020): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v38i1a.1595.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In general, internal vibrations within the pipelines caused by fluids being passing through a pipeline system can cause. These pipeline system can damage by the sudden amplified vibrations that weren’t considered at the design of the system, and flow induced vibrations resonate with the pipes natural frequency. Therefore, it is important to predict and identify the pipeline system vibrations during its lifetime. In this study by using MATLAB code as a CFD solver, it studied the forced and free vibrations caused by fluid flows at Reynolds number ranged as 0 < Re < 2500 for laminar flow and ranged as 104 < Re < 105 for turbulent flow. The working fluid has chosen as of (Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2 and water) with different nanoparticle volume fraction of (0 to 2% vol.). These fluids flow in simply supported pipe with different lengths and diameters. The results presented the effect of pipe and fluid parameter upon the fluid critical velocity and fundamental natural frequencies. The results showed that the pipe natural frequency increased with increasing with decreasing the pipe length and diameter. In addition, it showed that the pipe natural frequency decreased when using the different nanoparticle depressed in the water and with increasing the volume fraction.
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Hashim, Fadhil A., Niveen J. Abdulkader, and Kateralnada F. Hisham. "Processing and Properties of ZA-27 Alloy Metal Matrix Hybrid Composite Reinforced with Nanonitrides." Engineering and Technology Journal 38, no. 1A (January 25, 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v38i1a.1597.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In general, internal vibrations within the pipelines caused by fluids being passing through a pipeline system can cause. These pipeline system can damage by the sudden amplified vibrations that were not considered at the design of the system, and flow induced vibrations resonate with the pipes natural frequency. Therefore, it is important to predict and identify the pipeline system vibrations during its lifetime. In this study by using MATLAB code as a CFD solver, it studied the forced and free vibrations caused by fluid flows at Reynolds number ranged as 0 < Re < 2500 for laminar flow and ranged as 104 < Re < 105 for turbulent flow. The working fluid has chosen as of (Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2 and water) with different nanoparticle volume fraction of (0 to 2% vol.). These fluids flow in simply supported pipe with different lengths and diameters. The results presented the effect of pipe and fluid parameter upon the fluid critical velocity and fundamental natural frequencies. The results showed that the pipe natural frequency increased with increasing with decreasing the pipe length and diameter. In addition, it showed that the pipe natural frequency decreased when using the different nanoparticle depressed in the water and with increasing the volume fraction.
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Akiyoshi, T., K. Fuchida, S. Shirinashihama, and T. Tsutsumi. "Effectiveness of Anti-Liquefaction Techniques for Buried Pipelines." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 116, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929585.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, effectiveness of several existing anti-liquefaction methods for preventing large deformations of pipelines for lateral flow of liquefied grounds during earthquakes are investigated and compared, as well as a proposed method which fixes pipelines with expansion joints parallel to auxiliary continuous pipes using iron tie-plates. Stiffness of liquefied soils around pipes is represented as a static coefficient of subgrade reaction, based on the experiments on the interaction between liquefied sand deposits and pipes. Pipeline-spring systems which are characterized by those coefficients are analyzed based on the theory of “a beam on an elastic foundation” and transfer matrix method. Computations are performed with respect to the key parameters of pipes, coefficient of subgrade reaction, and several fixing conditions between pipes and underground structures. The sliding displacements of pipelines, rotational angles of joints, and stresses of pipelines are compared for such anti-liquefaction methods as soil-improving methods (sand-compaction pile or ballast-replaced soil methods) and structural-stiffening methods (parallel pipe or pile-supporting methods).
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Xie, Ying, Xiufen Ma, Haifeng Ning, Zongming Yuan, and Ting Xie. "Energy efficiency evaluation of a natural gas pipeline based on an analytic hierarchy process." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 7 (July 2017): 168781401771139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017711394.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A long-distance natural gas pipeline system consists of considerable equipment and many pipe segments, but the conventional energy efficiency index of a natural gas pipeline is considered as a whole. Because the specific energy consumption of each unit cannot be determined, the index system is not perfect, and evaluating the energy efficiency of a natural gas pipeline system is difficult. The energy efficiency evaluation model for a natural gas pipeline was established using the analytic hierarchy process. A judgment matrix was constructed based on the energy efficiency index system of a long-distance natural gas pipeline, and the weight coefficient was calculated using the characteristic root method. Then, the consistency of the established judgment matrix was verified. The energy efficiency evaluation model successfully quantified the qualitative factors that affect natural gas pipelines. The comprehensive energy efficiency coefficient G of the natural gas pipeline was obtained from the operational data of the natural gas pipeline; then, the equipment or pipe segments with high energy consumption can be identified. The energy efficiency evaluation program of the natural gas pipeline was developed using Visual Basic for Applications, which significantly reduced the evaluation workload. The natural gas pipeline energy efficiency evaluation model is used to evaluate the energy efficiency of a natural gas pipeline, to identify the high energy consumption equipment or pipe segments, and to propose measures to improve the energy efficiency. The results show that the gas pipeline energy efficiency evaluation model and evaluation procedures can identify high energy consumption equipment or pipe sections in complex natural gas pipelines.
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Quan, Lingxiao, Bingjiang Sun, Jinsong Zhao, and Dong Li. "Frequency Response Analysis of Fluid-Structure Interaction Vibration in Aircraft Bending Hydraulic Pipe." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 36, no. 3 (June 2018): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20183630487.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For the aviation bending pipe, the fluid-structure interaction 14-equation model is established, and the Laplace transform is used to solve the problem in the frequency domain. For the pipeline with a single elbow, the influence of bending parameters on the frequency response of the pipeline in the frequency domain is analyzed by using the 14-equation. At the same time, for pipelines containing two elbows, we analyze the influence of bending parameters on the natural frequency of the pipeline in different spans. In the end, the accuracy of the simulation is verified by the modal knocking test. Through the above analysis, we reach the following conclusion:the bending angle of the pipeline is greatly influenced by inherent characteristics, the smaller the bending angle, the higher the pipeline’s inherent frequency domain. However, the effect of bending radius will cause the change in length. Usually, the increase of bending radius leads to pipe length increasing, resulting in its inherent frequency decreasing.
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Seth, Debtanu, Bappaditya Manna, Jagdish Telangrao Shahu, Tiago Fazeres-Ferradosa, Francisco Taveira Pinto, and Paulo Jorge Rosa-Santos. "Buckling Mechanism of Offshore Pipelines: A State of the Art." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101074.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The buckling analysis of an offshore pipeline refers to the analysis of temperature-induced uplift and lateral buckling of pipelines by analytical, numerical, and experimental means. Thus, the current study discusses different research performed on thermal pipe-buckling and the different factors affecting the pipeline’s buckling behaviour. The current study consists of the dependency of the pipe-buckling direction on the seabed features and burial condition; the pre-buckling and post-buckling load-displacement behaviour of the pipeline; the effect of soil weight, burial depth, axial resistance, imperfection amplitude, temperature difference, interface tensile capacity, and diameter-to-thickness ratio on the uplift and lateral resistance; and the failure mechanism of the pipeline. Moreover, the effect of external hydrostatic pressure, bending moment, initial imperfection, sectional rigidity, and diameter-to-thickness ratio of the pipeline on collapse load of the pipeline during buckling were also included in the study. This work highlights the existing knowledge on the topic along with the main findings performed up to recent research. In addition, the reference literature on the topic is given and analysed to contribute to a broad perspective on buckling analysis of offshore pipelines. This work provides a starting point to identify further innovation and development guidelines for professionals and researchers dealing with offshore pipelines, which are key infrastructures for numerous maritime applications.
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B N, Suhas Gowda. "Pipeline Inspection Robot using IoT." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 15, 2021): 692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37453.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pipeline inspection robot is a device which is inserted into pipe to check the damages, cracks, corrosion present in the pipe. There are many types of robot available in the market like screw robot, wheel type robot. it is used for inspecting up to 300mm diameter above the pipes. this type of robot used in oil and gas field industries. Aim of robot is to perform horizontal crawling.
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Wang, Jianxiu, Ansheng Cao, Zhao Wu, Zhipeng Sun, Xiao Lin, Lei Sun, Xiaotian Liu, Huboqiang Li, and Yuanwei Sun. "Numerical Simulation on the Response of Adjacent Underground Pipelines to Super Shallow Buried Large Span Double-Arch Tunnel Excavation." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020621.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The excavation of a shallow buried tunnel may cause stress redistribution in surrounding rock, and cause deformation, damage, and even destruction of adjacent underground pipelines. The land part of the Haicang undersea tunnel in Xiamen of China was a super shallow buried large span double-arch tunnel. Its construction was restricted by both underground excavation safe and adjacent pipeline protection. Multiple groups of working conditions were designed considering the relative position of pipe and tunnel, pipeline and tunnel construction parameters. Numerical simulation was used to study the influence of pipeline horizontal distance, buried depth, pipeline diameter, pipeline wall thickness, pipeline shape, pipeline material and excavation method on the response of adjacent underground pipelines. The results show that the relative position of pipe and tunnel, and the construction method of the double-arch tunnel have a great influence on pipeline deformation. Pipeline material, pipeline diameter and excavation method have a great influence on pipeline stress. The construction method was the key factor affecting the stress and deformation of the pipeline. The three-step reserved core soil method can effectively control the stress and deformation of underground pipelines. The research results can provide a reference for similar projects.
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Karakouzian, Moses, Mehrdad Karami, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian, and Sajjad Ahmad. "Flow-Induced Stresses and Displacements in Jointed Concrete Pipes Installed by Pipe Jacking Method." Fluids 4, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids4010034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Transient flows result in unbalanced forces and high pressure in pipelines. Under these conditions, the combined effects of flow-induced forces along with sudden pipe displacements can create cracks in the pipeline, especially at the junctions. This situation consequently results in water leakage and reduced operational efficiency of the pipeline. In this study, displacements and stresses in a buried pressurized water transmission pipe installed by pipe jacking method are investigated using numerical modeling and considering interactions between fluid, pipe, and soil. The analyses were performed consecutively under no-flow, steady flow, and transient flow conditions, in order to investigate the effects of flow conditions on displacements and stresses in the system. Analyses of the results show that displacements and stresses in the jointed concrete pipes are significant under transient flow conditions. Moreover, because of pressure transient effects, maximum tensile stresses exceed the tensile strength of concrete at the junctions, leading to cracks and consequent water leakage.
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Wang, Zhuo, Hong-xing Dang, Tao Wang, and Bo Zhang. "Development of a Position Measuring Device of a Deep-Sea Pipeline Based on Flange Center Positioning." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8020086.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A deep-sea pipeline position and attitude-measuring device based on pipeline outer circle positioning can measure the spatial relative positions of the end faces of two oil pipelines in the deep sea. This device can provide the necessary data to make a transition pipeline connecting two sections of oil pipelines together. However, after analyzing the data measured by this device, it is found that the measurement data has a large error because the error transmission coefficient of the measurement value is too large. In order to reduce the error transfer coefficient, a new measuring device for measuring the posture of deep-sea pipelines by a tensioning rope was proposed. Unlike previous measuring devices, this measuring device is based on the positioning of the flange center of the pipe instead of the pin on the outer circle of the pipe. With the comparison of positioning methods between fixing in the center of flange and fixing the outer wall of pipeline, the former can reduce the transition matrix in the process of solving the relative position of the two pipes, and then reduce the magnification of the measurement sensor error. It also reduces two measurement parameters. The solving formula of the position and attitude of the measuring device based on the outer circle positioning of the pipeline is analyzed. It is proved that the error transmission coefficient of the measuring device based on the flange center positioning is smaller. Experiments show that compared with the positioning method based on the outer circle of the pipe, the positioning method based on the flange center has a higher accuracy.
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Doroshenko, Ya V., K. A. Poliarush, and V. B. Zapukhliak. "EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE DYNAMICS OF TRENCHLESS RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DISTRIBUTION PIPELINES WITH"T-type TRACTION PISTON" TECHNOLOGY." Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, no. 1(70) (March 29, 2019): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2019-1(70)-25-32.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article describes the technology of the trenchless reconstruction of distribution pipelines using the "T-type Traction Piston" technology. The essence of this technology is drawing a new polyethylene pipeline into a worn steel one using a piston. The piston moves under the pressure of air supplied into behind-the-piston space by the compressor. The annular space in the boring (operating) trench is sealed with a sealing system.
The authors have designed and constructed the experimental stand to determine the resistance forces which act on the movable system during the reconstruction of the distribution pipelines using the “T-type Traction Piston” technology. Its schematic diagram is presented. Using experimental methods the authors have determined the effort which is required to draw one linear metre of a polyethylene pipeline into a worn steel pipeline, the friction force of the piston cups on the walls of the worn steel pipeline and the friction force of the polyethylene pipe in the cups of the sealing system. The authors have ascertained the sum of experimentally determined resistance forces which act on a movable system while drawing a new polyethylene pipeline into a worn steel one by the piston.
The authors have designed and constructed the experimental installation (unit) to study the dynamics of drawing a new polyethylene pipeline into a worn steel one by a piston.
The experimental studies have been carried out for various tilts of a worn steel pipeline as to the horizon, various air rates, various external diameters of polyethylene pipes.
The authors have experimentally determined the regularities of the air pressure change at the pipeline startover time during the movement of the piston inside a steel pipe and while drawing the polyethylene pipe within the worn steel one by a piston. The dependence of the drawing velocity on the air-flow rate and on the length of the drawn section has been studied.
The experimental tests have proved that "T-type Traction Piston" technology can be used for the reconstruction of the distribution pipelines.
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Elvin Seyfullayev, Elvin Seyfullayev. "IMPORTANCE OF PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION, USE OF CONCRETE WEIGHTING AND INSULATION MEASURES, USED DURING PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 11, no. 07 (November 5, 2021): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei1107202162.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It was determined that the advantages and importance of pipeline transportation are related to the priority of environmental measures, the fact that costs are within the norm, and the possibility of uninterrupted transportation regardless of the season. Of the transportation methods, special attention was paid to pipe transportation, which is considered to be the most efficient. At the design stage of the pipeline, the organization of repair work during the operation of the pipeline and the capital investment allocated for construction are referred to the criteria of optimality. Although there are many technologies for pipeline aggravation, the most common of these is aggregation with a concrete coating layer. It is known that pipes with a diameter of 530 mm and a wall thickness of 14 mm are used during pipe laying in offshore areas. For concrete treatment of these pipes, it is recommended to use 400-500 grade slag portland or putty cement, especially in the marine environment. Waterproofing is considered suitable for protecting submarine pipes from wear. For the implementation of the waterproofing layer, it is recommended to use either brizol or insulation in construction. An important factor is the provision of special insulation measures in the open part of the pipe after welding, which is explained in the article. Welding must be performed in accordance with the standard and welding materials must be licensed. There are many technologies for welding. Manual arc welding has the widest field of application. Prior to welding, there are important works that can affect the quality of work, including heating the pipe and sawing the pipe ring. The differences between the post-heated welding process of the pipe and the unheated welding process are known from production experience. During operation, the pipeline is affected by climate change and loads (various shock effects; seismic; as well as ripples if submerged; underwater currents, etc.). If the weld is as strong as the base metal, it will continue to do so. This strength can also be achieved by the absence of temperature differences during welding. Keywords: pipe, pump, concrete coating, insulation, welding.
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Abbasi, S., M. Masoomi, and S. A. Arjmandi. "Impact of a Single Spoiler on Scouring Depth Status Beneath a River Crossing Inclined Pipeline." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 5 (October 13, 2018): 3316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Deep river crossing pipelines utilized to carry fluids are often placed upon the sand bed. Placement of pipe on the non-smooth bed would result in the production of some local gaps beneath the pipe. Asymmetric scouring is one of the main reasons for pipe underwater failures which are significant in pipeline management. So, in designing pipelines, knowing the interaction between pipelines and bed, and predicting the scour depth with respect to the pipe distance from the bed is significant to ensure that the pipe will finally deposit on the bed. Numerical models have been developed for predicting the balance depth of scouring beneath the pipelines. In this paper, the impact of pipe orientation on maximum scour depth beneath the pipelines is investigated. To do this, a pipe is modeled with various angles with the flow. To manage the local scouring, some spoilers are placed and modeled upon some pipes too. Also, in order to know the effects of placement of a pipe at various distances from the bed, the impact of placement of each pipe at a distance of 0.2D, 0.4D and 0.6D is investigated as well. To model the pipe with and without a spoiler, the finite element model Flow-3D is utilized and the results show good accordance with previous experimental studies and proof the current model’s precision in predicting the scour depth. Results show that in the placement of the pipe in angles not investigated before and also with the installing of a spoiler, the scour process has a reverse ratio with the distance which would result in full deposition of the pipe on the bed. The least scour depth belongs to the condition in which the pipe has a 130° angle with the side wall.
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Feng, Liang, Huafeng Zhu, Ying Song, Wenchen Cao, Ziyuan Li, and Wenlong Jia. "Modeling of Gas Migration in Large Elevation Difference Oil Transmission Pipelines during the Commissioning Process." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041379.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Oil pipeline construction and operation in mountainous areas have increased in southwestern China, with oil consumption increasing. Such liquid pipelines laid in mountainous areas continuously undulate along the terrain, resulting in many large elevation difference pipe segments. Serious gas block problems often occur during the commissioning process of these pipelines due to the gas/air accumulation at the high point of the pipe, which causes pipeline overpressure and vibration, and even safety accidents such as bursting pipes. To solve this problem, the gas–liquid replacement model and its numerical solution are established with consideration of the initial gas accumulation formation and the gas segment compression processes in a U-shaped pipe during the initial start-up operation. Additionally, considering the interactions of the gas-phase transfer in the continuous U-shaped pipe, and the influence of the length, inclination angle, and backpressure on the air vent process, the gas migration model for a continuous U-shaped pipe is established to predict the gas movement process. Finally, the field oil pipe production data were applied to verify the model. The results demonstrate that the maximum deviation between the calculated pressure during the start-up process and real data is 0.3 MPa, and the critical point of crushing the gas in the pipe section is about 0.2 Mpa. Additionally, the results show that the mass transfer of the gas section in the multi-pipe hydraulic air vent process causes the gas accumulation section to increase in downstream of the pipe. This study’s achievements can provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the safe and stable operation of continuous undulating liquid pipelines with large drops.
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Liu, Ying, Daryoush Habibi, Douglas Chai, Xiuming Wang, Hao Chen, Yan Gao, and Shuaiyong Li. "A Comprehensive Review of Acoustic Methods for Locating Underground Pipelines." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Underground pipelines are vital means of transporting fluid resources like water, oil and gas. The process of locating buried pipelines of interest is an essential prerequisite for pipeline maintenance and repair. Acoustic pipe localization methods, as effective trenchless detection techniques, have been implemented in locating underground utilities and shown to be very promising in plastic pipeline localization. This paper presents a comprehensive review of current acoustic methods and recent advances in the localization of buried pipelines. Investigations are conducted from multiple perspectives including the wave propagation mechanism in buried pipe systems, the principles behind each method along with advantages and limitations, representative acoustic locators in commercial markets, the condition of buried pipes, as well as selection of preferred methods for locating pipelines based on the applicability of existing localization techniques. In addition, the key features of each method are summarized and suggestions for future work are proposed. Acoustic methods for locating underground pipelines have proven to be useful and effective supplements to existing localization techniques. It has been highlighted that the ability of acoustic methods to locate non-metallic objects should be of particular practical value. While this paper focuses on a specific application associated with pipeline localization, many acoustic methods are feasible across a wide range of underground infrastructures.
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Xu, Jian-guo, Zhi-hao Chen, and Ren Wang. "Mechanical Characteristic Analysis of Buried Drainage Pipes after Polymer Grouting Trenchless Rehabilitation." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (February 27, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6679412.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The application of polymer grouting in underground pipeline rehabilitation is increasing gradually. The leakage and subsidence of buried pipelines could be repaired by polymer grouting technology. In order to analyse the calculation theory of the pipeline repairing process, the Winkler model and the Vlazov model of the pipe-soil-polymer interaction based on the elastoplastic theory are established, the calculation formulas of the pipe-soil interaction under polymer grouting are derived, and the MATLAB calculation program based on the transfer matrix method is compiled. Then the calculated values are compared with the pipeline experimental values, and the influence of different factors on the internal force and deformation of the polymer-repaired pipeline under different work conditions is discussed. The results show that the values and trends of the pipe deformation and circumferential bending moment calculated by the models are consistent with the experimental results, and the results obtained by the Vlazov model are closer to the experimental values. In addition, the void at the bottom of the pipeline has a large impact on the mechanical properties of the pipeline. However, polymer grouting can repair disengaged pipelines effectively and restore their mechanical properties. The proposed methods and calculation results are valuable for pipeline polymer repairing analysis and pipeline void repairing design.
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Bondarenko, O. G. "THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS AND FEATURES OF THE LOW-FREQUENCY WAVE PROCESS IN THE STRETCHED PIPELINES." METHODS AND DEVICES OF QUALITY CONTROL, no. 1(42) (June 27, 2019): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9981-2019-1(42)-5-23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem of determining the technical condition of various pipeline systems, ensuring their reliable аnd safe operation has recently become the subject of geopolitics. In this situation, constant monitoring of their technical condition is essential for the maintenance of pipelines. However, it is technically difficult to monitor the technical state of pipelines by conventional methods of non-destructive testing (NDT).
An analysis of the essence of the wave process in diagnosing the technical condition of long pipelines by low-frequency ultrasound directed waves is performed. The types of modes of directed waves and peculiarities of the wave process in the solid medium of the pipeline are given. Dispersed diagrams of ound velocities for different modes of directed waves are considered, on the basis of which their main features are formulated in the diagnosis of the technical state of extended pipelines. The analysis of the wave process in the long pipeline from the position of the acoustic location of its solid medium by low-frequency directional waves is made, the model of the active localization system is developed in diagnosing the technical state of the pipeline, the principles of excitation and displacement of the particles of the medium of the pipe wall are considered in the distribution of longitudinal, twisted and bending mods of low-frequency ultrasonic directed waves.
When choosing the frequency and mode of the directed wave to diagnose the technical state of long pipes, it is necessary to take into account that the directed wave is the result of the interaction of the vibrations generated by the transducers with the pipe surface. A significant factor determining the efficiency of energy transfer from the antenna to the body of the drainage pipeline is the harmonization of the internal resistance of the converter and the load due to the static force of pressing the piezoelectric transducers to the pipe surface. When creating systems of low-frequency ultrasonic diagnostics of long-distance pipelines directed waves it is necessary to take into account the main features of the wave process, which has a complicated mechanism of propagation over the thickness of the pipe wall.
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Park, Ik Keun, Yong Kwon Kim, Won Joon Song, and Yong Sang Cho. "Application of Torsional Mode of Guided Waves to Long Range Pipe Inspection." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.473.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conventional non-destructive techniques for inspection of weld in pipelines require significant test time and high cost. In order to overcome these drawbacks in conventional NDT techniques, various techniques using ultrasonic guided waves have been developed and applied to the pipeline inspection. Recently, a fast calculation technique for guided wave propagation using a semi-analytical finite element method (SAFEM), PIPE WAVE ver.1.0, has been developed by T. Takahiro et al [1]. In this paper, the calculation of torsional mode propagation in a pipe using PIPE WAVE ver. 1.0 is introduced as a preliminary study and the application of the torsional mode of ultrasonic guided waves to long range pipe inspection is presented.. The characteristics and setup of a long range guided wave inspection system and experimental results in pipes of various diameters are introduced. The experimental results in mock-up pipes with cluster type detects show that the limit of detectable wall thickness reduction with this guided wave system is 2~3% in the pipe cross section area and the wall thickness reduction of 5% in cross section area can be detected when actual detection level is used. Therefore, the applicability of the ultrasonic guided wave technique to long range pipeline inspection for wall thickness reduction is verified.