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Гопка, Олександр Юрійович. "Трубний млин 4.6х10 з модернізацією корпусу". Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/26951.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Метою роботи є пошук варіантів модернізація корпусу трубного
млина в літературних джерелах і патентах. В даній роботі розглядається модернізація футеровки барабану трубного млина, яка забезпечує підвищення ефективності подрібнення за рахунок ступінчатої футеровки. Також було розглянуто модернізацію корпусу яка забезпечує покращення
теплового режиму в робочій камері.Під час роботи було проведено параметричні та кінематичні
розрахунки млина та розрахунки на міцність окремих його вузлів.
Виконані креслення вузлів, загального вигляду. Було розроблено правила з техніки безпеки на виробництві, Розроблено систему автоматизації процесу помелу в трубному млині, а також рекомендації з технології монтажу та експлуатації машини. Були розробленні програми для автоматизованого виконання креслень вузлів трубного млина, в результаті були отримані 3D моделі. Отриману 3D модель використали для проведення розрахунків на міцність в системі Ansys. Виконані розрахунки, а також модернізації дипломної роботи можна використовувати для роботи з подальшим вдосконалення трубних млинів.The aim of the work is to search for options for upgrading the body of the pipe mill in the literature and patents. In this paper, we consider the modernization of the lining of the drum of the tube mill, which provides an increase in the efficiency of grinding by means of a stepped lining. It was also reviewed the modernization of the housing which provides improved thermal conditions in the working chamber. During the work, parametric and kinematic calculations of the mill and strength calculations of its individual nodes were carried out. Completed drawings of nodes, general view. Was developed rules on safety in production, developed a system for automation of the grinding process in a tube mill, as well as recommendations on the technology of installation and operation of the machine. Programs were developed for automated execution of pipe mill assembly drawings, and 3D models were obtained as a result. The resulting 3D model was used to perform strength calculations in the Ansys system. This pipe mill can be used for grinding asbestos cement. Calculations are made, as well as the modernization of the thesis can be used for work with the subsequent improvement of pipe mills.
Целью работы является поиск вариантов модернизация корпуса трубной мельницы в литературных источниках и патентах. В данной работе рассматривается модернизация футеровки барабана трубной мельницы, которая обеспечивает повышение эффективности измельчения за счет ступенчатой футеровки. Также была рассмотрена модернизация корпуса которая обеспечивает улучшение теплового режима в рабочей камере. Во время работы было проведено параметрические и кинематические расчеты мельницы и расчеты на прочность отдельных его узлов. Выполнены чертежи узлов, общего вида. Было разработаны правила по технике безопасности на производстве, Разработана система автоматизации процесса помола в трубном мельнице, а также рекомендации по технологии монтажа и эксплуатации машины. Были разработаны программы для автоматизированного выполнения чертежей узлов трубного мельницы, в результате были получены 3D модели. Полученную 3D модель использовали для проведения расчетов на прочность в системе Ansys. Данную трубную мельницу можно использовать для измельчения асбестоцемента. Выполнены расчеты, а также модернизации дипломной работы можно использовать для работы с последующим совершенствования трубных мельниц.
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Rai, Yogendra P. J. S. "A critical evaluation of wastewater generation and treatment and the development of an integrated wastewater management system (a case study of the CORUS 42" pipe mill)." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409159.
Повний текст джерела
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Van, De Gevel Saskia L., Justin L. Hart, Henri D. Grissino-Mayer, and Kenneth W. Robinson. "Tree-Ring Dating Of Old-Growth Longleaf Pine (Pinus Palustris Mill.) Logs From An Exposed Timber Crib Dam, Hope Mills, North Carolina, U.S.A." Tree-Ring Society, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622604.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On 26 May 2003, intense rainfall from a series of thunderstorms in eastern North Carolina
caused flooding that eventually destroyed the concrete dam in Hope Mills, draining Hope Mills Lake, and revealing a formerly submerged and buried structure that was identified as a timber crib dam. Inspection revealed these logs to be old-growth longleaf pines, which are now rare on the coastal plain landscape. Our primary objective was to develop a new multi-century longleaf pine tree-ring chronology by crossdating the tree rings from sections extracted from logs in the crib dam with an anchored tree-ring chronology created from nearby living longleaf pine trees. We also examined the climatic response in the longleaf pine trees to evaluate their potential for reconstructing climate. Using tree-ring measurements obtained from old-growth longleaf pines found at a nearby church, we were able to date the rings on 21 series representing 14 logs from the crib dam, spanning the years 1597 to 1825. Distorted sapwood in many of the logs prevented us from finding absolute cutting dates and lessened the strength of correlation during the period of overlap between the church series and crib dam series. Human disturbances, specifically related to the naval stores industry, likely influenced the growth-ring patterns of the crib dam pine samples, as well. Correlation analyses between the longleaf pine chronology and temperature, precipitation, Palmer Drought Severity Indices, and North Atlantic sea surface temperatures showed a significant response to cool and wet spring months.
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Young, Michael Joseph. "Effects of paper mill sludge on tree growth and competition in young red pine plantations." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12052009-020055/.
Повний текст джерела
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Fan, Mengyuan. "EFFECTIVENESS OF PRE-RINSE DURING IN-PLACE CLEANING OF STAINLESS STEEL PIPE LINES." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1398696323.
Повний текст джерела
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Bakke, Olaf Andreas. "Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) pollen effects on jack pine and black spruce (Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P.) seed germination and seedling growth." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ42997.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
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Qureshi, Mansoorul-Haq. "Floating plug drawing of mild steel tubes." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252933.
Повний текст джерела
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Battaglia, Michael Anthony. "The Influence of Overstory Structure on Understory Light Availability in a Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) Forest." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35411.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Understory light environments are inherently heterogeneous and therefore difficult to characterize. Numerous methods to measure understory light have been assessed in closed-canopied forests; however, the reliability of these methods has not been addressed for open-canopied forests. Therefore, the first objective of this study, presented in Chapter 3, was to test the accuracy and precision of various light measurement techniques at different time scales and sky conditions. The methods assessed performed differently depending on the sky condition and time of year when the sample was taken. To estimate annual photosynthetic photon flux density transmittance (annual %PPFD), the use of a 10-minute average of PPFD measured on an overcast day (%PPFDovercast) was effective, but accuracy decreased with decreasing solar altitude (ie season change). Hemispherical photographs used to estimate weighted canopy openness and gap fraction were effective methods, but gap light index (GLI) also derived from hemispherical photographs performed better. Accuracy of daily %PPFD estimates using %PPFDovercast, weighted canopy openness, and gap fraction were strongly affected by solar altitude and sky condition. Gap light index was very effective in estimating daily %PPFD for all sky conditions and time periods. The second objective of this study, presented in Chapter 4, was to characterize the relationship between canopy structure and spatial distribution of light by using three replicates of one uncut treatment and three harvest treatments: single tree, small gap (0.1 ha), and large gap (0.2 ha). Each harvest retained similar residual basal area but with different spatial patterns of the residuals, ranging from uniformly dispersed (single tree) to different degrees of aggregation (small and large gap). Average stand level light availability increased 12-22% when the same residual basal area of trees was distributed in clusters versus a uniform distribution. The variation of light availability increased as stands became more aggregated and larger amounts of the variation was explained by the spatial pattern of the canopy structure. Spatial autocorrelation range was twice as large in the small gap harvest then the other harvest treatments. It is suggested that seedling growth response to these differences in spatial patterns of light may differ between the different harvests.Master of Science
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Wight, Georgina DeWeese, and Henri D. Grissino-Mayer. "Dendrochronological Dating of an Antebellum Period House, Forsyth County, Georgia, U.S.A." Tree-Ring Society, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262616.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We examined tree rings from cross-sections of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) timbers extracted from a house in Forsyth County, Georgia, that was reportedly built in the mid-19th Century during the Antebellum Period (pre-1860). Our goals were to (1) determine the probable construction year for the house to help assess its possible historical significance, and (2) create a new long-term reference chronology for the northern Georgia area where such chronologies are lacking. Sections of shortleaf pine were removed from the structure during a renovation project in 2001. Sixteen sections were used to build a floating tree-ring chronology 217 years in length from series that crossdated conclusively with other series both graphically via skeleton plots and statistically via COFECHA. We then statistically evaluated the probable absolute temporal placement of this chronology using several regional tree-ring chronologies from the southeastern U.S. A statistically significant (p , 0.0001) correlation between our chronology and a shortleaf pine chronology from Clemson, South Carolina, anchors our chronology between 1652–1868. Two missing rings are probable in the early portion of our chronology, but we currently do not have a sufficient number of samples to conclusively identify their exact placement. No cluster of outermost rings was found to support the reported construction date of 1851, although the outermost rings on 13 of 16 samples dated before 1851. This new chronology could aid further dating of wood from archaeological sites and historical structures, and establish an initial data set that could eventually provide important new insights about the climate of northern Georgia during the 17th–19th Centuries.
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Tozkar, Ozge Cansu. "Comparative Sequence Analysis Of The Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 Region Of Turkish Red Pine (pinus Brutia Ten.) And Natural Aleppo Pine (pinus Halepensis Mill.) Populations From Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608313/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT
COMPARATIVE SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER 2 REGION OF TURKISH RED PINE (Pinus brutia TEN.) AND NATURAL ALEPPO PINE (Pinus halepensis MILL.) POPULATIONS FROM TURKEY
Tozkar, Özge M.S., Department of Biology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Zeki Kaya April, 2007, 107 pages Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia) is wide-spread and an important forest tree species in Turkey, occurring mainly in southern, western and north-western Turkey and as small isolated populations in the Black Sea region. Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) has naturally found only in Adana and Mugla provinces as small population in mixture with Turkish red pine. Although Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine are morphologically different, Turkish red pine has been regarded as subspecies of Aleppo pine by some taxonomists due to occurrence of natural hybridization between these two species. However, the phylogenic relationship between these species needs to be explored further. In the present study, by sampling overlapped populations of both species from Mugla and Adana provinces (4 populations of Turkish red pine and 3 populations of Aleppo pine), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA were comparatively studied with sequence analysis. Although ITS1, 5.8s and ITS2 regions of ribosomal DNA were studied with ITS primers, only ITS2 region was successfully amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The complete data set for this region was analysed using MEGA3.1 and Arlequin softwares. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated the highest genetic differentiation between Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine in Mugla with 100 percentage of variation. AMOVA analysis also indicated the possibility of low-level migration of genes between Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine populations in Adana with 50.65 percent of molecular variance. Haplotype comparison revealed that two major haplotypes were represented Based on the results of ITS2 region sequence analysis, Turkish populations of Aleppo pine and Turkish red pine populations could not be fully differentiated. In Mugla province Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine revealed more differentiation due to reproductive isolation. But in Adana province, two species shared more common genetic background due to possible hybridization. Since ITS2 region of nuclear ribosomal DNA revealed a few variable and parsimony informative sites for both species, thus, only ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA does not appear to be sufficient for fully resolving genetic relationships between Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine populations. Further studies including ITS1 and 5.8s regions of ribosomal DNA and populations included from major Aleppo pine distribution areas will be useful to understand the evolutionary relationship between Aleppo pine and Turkish red pine populations in Turkey.
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Bhuta, Arvind A. R., Lisa M. Kennedy, and Neil Pederson. "Climate-Radial Growth Relationships Of Northern Latitudinal Range Margin Longleaf Pine (Pinus Palustris P. Mill.) In The Atlantic Coastal Plain Of Southeastern Virginia." Tree-Ring Society, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622605.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Climate and longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill.) radial growth relationships have been
documented within its southern and western distribution. However, knowledge of this relationship is lacking along its northern latitudinal range margin (NLRM). Based on the principles of ecological amplitude, limiting factors, and studies of coniferous species in eastern temperate forests of the U.S., we hypothesized that the radial growth of longleaf pine in mixed pine-hardwood forests is responding to winter temperatures in southeastern Virginia. Two longleaf pine chronologies were developed to determine the relationship between radial growth and monthly temperature, precipitation, and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) via response function analysis (RFA). Results at the 0.05 level yielded significant response function coefficients with a positive response to current winter temperature and precipitation and a negative response to prior August PDSI. In studies of climate and longleaf pine radial growth in other parts of its range, winter temperature and precipitation have not shared a significant positive association with radial growth. Instead current spring and summer precipitation usually share this positive association. These findings add more evidence to an emerging pattern suggesting that winter temperatures contribute to limiting the radial growth of temperate conifers at northern range margins in the Northern Hemisphere.
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Hébert, François. "Croissance et fonctions hydriques de plants d'épinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) et de pin gris (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trois ans après plantation dans des pessières noires à lichens de la forêt boréale commerciale /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2004. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Повний текст джерела
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Ribas, Matamoros Montserrat. "Dendroecología de "Pinus halepensis" Mill. en Este de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares: Sensibilidad y grado de adaptación a las condiciones climáticas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83274.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
El objetivo principal que se plantea en el presente trabajo es determinar la plasticidad del crecimiento radial del pino carrasco (Pinus halepensis Mill.) frente al clima. Más concretamente, evaluar el grado de adecuación del crecimiento en grosor del tronco de las masas forestales de esta especie, a las distintas condiciones climáticas que se encuentran dentro de su área de distribución en España. Dicho propósito se aborda mediante el análisis de las series de crecimiento radial y su relación con el clima a distintas escalas temporales y espaciales.
Una primera perspectiva se basa en el seguimiento (realizado con resolución casi quincenal) del crecimiento radial del pino carrasco en una localidad situada dentro del Parc Natural del Garraf (Barcelona, Catalunya). La finalidad de este seguimiento es precisar el grado de ajuste de las tasas de crecimiento radial del pino carrasco a la variabilidad climática inter e intraanual. Dicho de otro modo, delimitar los períodos de actividad y reposo del crecimiento en grosor del tronco y definir qué factores climáticos controlan la formación de los anillos de crecimiento.
Los objetivos parciales que se plantean son:
(i) Establecer el patrón temporal del crecimiento radial (períodos de crecimiento y reposo).
(ii) Determinar el grado de ajuste del crecimiento radial de la especie a la variabilidad climática inter e intraanual a lo largo de los 10 años del seguimiento.
(iii) Identificar los factores que determinan las tasas de crecimiento en grosor del tronco, sus efectos en las sus características anatómicas del anillo de crecimiento y, la periodicidad con la que dichos anillos se forman.
Los resultados derivados de este seguimiento intensivo del crecimiento radial constituirán una base sólida para la interpretación de los resultados obtenidos en el estudio dendroclimático del pino carrasco en España, el cuál se basa en una red de cronologías del grosor de los anillos de crecimiento lo más extensa posible (temporal y espacialmente). Los objetivos en los que se desglosa este segundo propósito son los siguientes:
(i) Establecer una red de localidades representativa del área de distribución de la especie, de los bioclimas en los que habita y del tipo de masas forestales que encontramos en España; y describir detalladamente el clima de cada una de ellas, sus peculiaridades y sus tendencias temporales.
(ii) Caracterizar ecológicamente los bosques españoles de pino carrasco, mediante dos parámetros: Uno, la descripción de la estructura demográfica de edades y por tamaños y de las características actuales de las masas forestales (densidad, área basal, estructura espacial, etc.); y dos, la reconstrucción de su historia reciente (últimos 100 años) y obtención de su régimen de perturbaciones.
(iii) Establecer las relaciones entre el crecimiento (series del grosor de los anillos) y las condiciones climáticas locales, y de su variación a lo largo del este de la Península e Islas Baleares, resaltando el grado de adecuación del crecimiento radial del pino carrasco al clima en las distintas regiones bioclimáticas en las que se halla.
(iv) Analizar la variación espacial de los patrones de crecimiento radial de la especie en España y de su relación con el clima a escala regional; y valorar el grado en que dichas variaciones regionales pueden estar relacionadas con fenómenos de circulación atmosférica de escala global (teleconexiones climáticas).
(v) Contrastar la estabilidad temporal de las relaciones crecimiento-clima a escala local y regional.
La interpretación de los resultados obtenidos proporcionarán una visión global y precisa de la respuesta al cambio climático que pueden tener los bosques españoles de pino carrasco, la especie más importante en el paisaje español de baja altitud, no sólo por el área de territorio que ocupa sino por su importante función ecológica (ej. prevención de la erosión y perdida de suelo y recuperación del entorno natural después de perturbaciones, especialmente incendios).
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Lima, Marcus Vinícius Lopes de. "Atividade do óleo volátil, fases e extrato etanólico de Piper aduncum L. contra Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. e M.A. Curtis) C.T. Wei, agente causal da mancha-alvo do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2012. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2670.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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The dark-brown spot is a disease that occurs in the leaves of the tomato tree and is caused by the fungus Corynespora cassiicola. The fungus is considered cosmopolitan and nonspecific because of the wide host range and geographical distribution. Due to the absence of resilient and grow commercial chemicals registered in Brazil to control the disease the same is done with the use of alternative products so healing. This paper reports the in vitro antifungal effect of the ethanol extract phases and volatile oil from Piper aduncum and prophylactic and curative effect of aqueous extract of P. aduncum in tomato seedlings. The aqueous extract was obtained by macerating 300 g of fresh leaves in 2 L of water, ethanol extract by means of cold maceration of leaves with ethanol, the essential oil obtained by the method of hydrodistillation of the dry leaves, the the hexane, chloroform, N-butanol and hydroalcoholic through the fractionation of the ethanol extract by the process of liquid-liquid partition. For in vitro assays were performed in petri dishes, the antifungal effect of the ethanol extract phases and volatile oil of P. aduncum on mycelial growth, and germination of conidia blades while in vivo via inoculation of conidia suspension of 104 conidia mL-1 in tomato seedlings of the cultivar Santa Cruz Kada, the analyzes were done before and after treatment with aqueous extract, evaluations of prophylactic and curative effect, respectively. The volatile oil of P. aduncum showed no inhibition on the mycelial growth of C. cassiicola concentrations tested. The ethanol extract, the hexane and chloroform showed antifungal effect in 10000 μg.mL-1 concentration on mycelial growth and spore germination. The minimum inhibitory concentration on the mycelial growth was in 2000 μg.mL-1 of the hexane phase, this same concentration was found for the germination of conidia in the ethanol extract. The aqueous extract of P. aduncum the test of curative effect at dosages 1:1 and 1:2, showed significant effect in reducing the severity of the disease. The calculation of AUDPC confirming curative effect at all doses tested. In testing the prophylactic aqueous extract showed no effectiveness in controlling the disease
A mancha alvo do tomateiro é uma doença que ocorre nas folhas e é causada pelo fungo Corynespora cassiicola. O fungo é considerado cosmopólita e inespecífico devido à ampla gama de hospedeiros e distribuição geográfica. Devido à inexistência de cultivarem comerciais resistentes e produtos químicos registrados no Brasil para o controle da doença, o mesmo é feito com uso de produtos alternativos de forma curativa. Este trabalho relata o efeito antifúngico in vitro do extrato etanólico, fases e óleo volátil de Piper aduncum e o efeito curativo e profilático do extrato aquoso de P. aduncum em mudas de tomateiro. O extrato aquoso foi obtido por meio da maceração de 300 g de folhas verdes em 2 L de água; O extrato etanólico, por meio da maceração a frio de folhas secas com etanol; o óleo volátil obtido pelo método da hidrodestilação das folhas secas; as fases hexânica, clorofórmica, N-butanólica e hidroalcóolico por meio do fracionamento do extrato etanólico pelo processo de partição líquido-líquido. Para as análises in vitro, foram realizadas em placas de petri o efeito antifúngico do extrato etanólico, fases e óleo volátil de P. aduncum sobre o crescimento micelial, e em lâminas a germinação dos conídios, enquanto que, in vivo, via inoculação de suspensão de inóculo na concentração de 104 conídios.mL-1 em mudas de tomateiro do cultivar Santa Cruz Kada, as análises foram feitas antes e após tratamento com extrato aquoso, nas avaliações do efeito curativo e profilático, respectivamente. O óleo volátil de P. aduncum não apresentou nenhuma inibição sobre o crescimento micelial de C. cassiicola nas concentrações testadas. O extrato etanólico, fases hexânica e clorofórmica apresentaram efeito antifúngico na concentração 10000 µg.mL-1 sobre o crescimento micelial e germinação dos conídios. A concentração inibitória mínima sobre o crescimento micelial foi em 2000 µg.mL-1 da fase hexânica, nesta mesma concentração foi encontrado para a germinação dos conídios no extrato etanólico. O extrato aquoso de P. aduncum no teste de efeito curativo nas dosagens 1:1 e 1:2, apresentaram efeito significativo na redução da severidade da doença. O cálculo da AACPD confirma o efeito curativo em todas as dosagens testadas. No teste profilático o extrato aquoso não apresentou nenhuma efetividade no controle da doença
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Pöykiö, R. (Risto). "Assessing industrial pollution by means of environmental samples in the Kemi-Tornio region." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514268709.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract
The results of the comparison of various dissolution methods for sulphur showed, that HNO3 together with
H2O2 gave more complete decomposition of organic components than HNO3
alone. The acid procedure with a mixture of HNO3+H2O2 slightly
underestimated the S concentrations of plant material. The losses of sulphur were the highest in the dry ashing digestion procedure
(HF(DAC)). The Leco combustion technique with infrared (IR) detection gave good precision and accuracy for sulphur. For the determination
of heavy metals in plant materials, both the HNO3 and
HNO3+H2O2 procedures were especially effective for determining Cr.
However, the HNO3+HClO4 procedure gave lower results, and HF and HF(DAC) procedures greater
values for Cr.
Sulphur accumulation in pine needles around the pulp and paper mills was clearly higher than other points in the Kemi area. For
example, within a radius of about 1-1.5 km around the mills of Oy Metsä-Botnia Ab Kemi Mills, the sulphur concentrations for (C) and
(C+1) needles were 28 % and 26 % higher than those in the corresponding background samples collected in Kuivaniemi at a distance about 25
km from Kemi. Pine needles do not appeared to be appropriate a method for monitoring the accumulation of Fe, Zn, V and Pb emitted from pulp
and paper mills. However, the Ca concentrations in (C+1) needles in the vicinity of the Oy Metsä-Botnia Ab Kemi Mills was 48 % higher
than
the average Ca concentration calculated from all (C+1) needles; thus it is likely that part of the Ca in the needles is derived from the
mills.
The regional distribution pattern of Cr and Ni in mosses in the Kemi-Tornio area in 2000 showed clearly that the most polluted area
(Cr > 200 μg/g and Ni > 20 μg/g) appeared to lie within a few kilometres of the ferrochrome and stainless steel works of
AvestaPolarit Stainless Oy. Within this area, the Cr concentrations in mosses were 4-13 times higher than those outside the urban area of
Tornio. The area most polluted by the opencast chromium mining complex (Cr > 200 μg/g and Ni < 20 μg/g) appeared to be in
the immediate vicinity of complex.
All the 95th percentile values for TSP (total suspended particles) in the mine area of AvestaPolarit
Chrome Oy Kemi Mine were below the current Finnish air quality limit value of 300 μg/m3. However, the
98th percentile value exceeded the Finnish air quality guideline value of 120
μg/m3 at one monitoring site.
According to leaching studies, the sum of calculated annual airborne pollution impact of water-soluble fraction
(H2O) and environmentally mobile (CH3COONH4) fraction from the
AvestaPolarit Chrome Oy Kemi Mine was Cr 1.2 kg, Fe 29 kg, Cu 63 kg, Ni 2.5 kg and Cd < 100 mg.
According to the homogeneity studies of heavy metal deposition on TSP filters, Cr, Ni, Cu and Fe were non-uniformly distributed over
the glass fibre filters. The rsd values varied between 5.4-33.9 % for Cr, between 7.5-35.0 % for Ni, between 3.6-25.9 % for Cu, and between
6.6-19.9 % for Fe.
16
Gonzalo, Aire Gabriel, and Alarcón Ruby Eliana Ramos. "Estudio de la actividad antituberculosa de los extractos, alcaloides y flavonoides de las especies Juglans neotropica Diels., Piper aduncum L., Croton lechleri Müll. Arg., Lantana camara L., Annona cherimola Mill, Annona muricata L. y Jatropha gossypifolia L. frente a Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV, mediante el ensayo en microplacas con azul de alamar." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10881.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorDetermina la bioactividad sobre Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV de los extractos, alcaloides y flavonoides de las especies Juglans neotropica Diels., Piper aduncum L., Croton lechleri Müll. Arg., Lantana camara L., Annona cherimola Mill, Annona muricata L. y Jatropha gossypifolia L., mediante el ensayo en microplacas con azul de alamar. Se recolectó hojas de las 7 especies vegetales seleccionadas según la quimiotaxonomía vigente: Juglans neotropica Diels., Piper Aduncum L., Croton lechleri Mull. Arg., Lantana camara L., Annona cherimola Mill, Annona muricata L. y Jatropha gossypifolia L. Se preparó extractos etanólicos y clorofórmicos. Se aisló alcaloides y flavonoides. Se determinó la bioactividad sobre Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV de los extractos, alcaloides y flavonoides mediante el screening antimicobacteriano basado en la reducción del azul de alamar a tres concentraciones (10, 100 y 1000 μg/ml); siguiendo el protocolo original de Collins y Franzblau 64 con algunas modificaciones. Se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) in vitro de los extractos con bioactividad sobre Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV en el rango de concentraciones de 2000-15.63 μg/ml, mediante el ensayo en microplacas con azul de alamar; siguiendo el protocolo original de Collins y Franzblau 64. El screening antimicobacteriano basado en el azul de alamar determinó que los 14 extractos estudiados (100%) presentaron bioactividad sobre Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV a 1000 μg/ml. El ensayo en microplacas con azul de alamar determinó que el extracto etanólico de Piper Aduncum L presentó un CMI igual a 31.5 μg/ml. El Piper aduncum L. es una buena alternativa de extractos y metabolitos antituberculosos.
Tesis
17
Moraes, Marlene Silva de. "Técnica experimental para quantificar a eficiência de distribuidores de líquidos industriais do tipo tubos perfurados paralelos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-01102008-102051/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O presente texto descreve um método experimental simples para comparar a eficiência de distribuidores de líquido empregados nas indústrias de tratamento de minérios em lavadores, classificadores e moinhos e nas indústrias de processos químicos. A técnica consiste basicamente em analisar a dispersão pelo desvio padrão da massa do líquido coletado em tubos verticais dispostos em arranjo quadrático colocados abaixo do distribuidor. Como exemplo de aplicação, empregouse para a coleta da massa de líquido uma unidade piloto, montada no Laboratório de Engenharia Química da Universidade Santa Cecília em Santos, com um banco de 21 tubos verticais de 52 mm de diâmetro interno e 800 mm de comprimento. Uma manta acrílica que não dispersa o líquido com 50 mm de espessura foi fixada entre o distribuidor e o banco de tubos para evitar respingos. Foram realizados ensaios com nove distribuidores do tipo espinha de peixe de 4 tubos paralelos cada, para uma coluna piloto com 400 mm de diâmetro. A literatura é discordante no que concerne aos parâmetros de projeto e eficiência destes distribuidores. Variaram-se o número (n) de orifícios (95, 127 e 159 furos/m2, 12, 16 e 20 furos por distribuidor) o diâmetro (d) dos orifícios (2, 3 e 4 mm) e as vazões de entrada indicadas por rotâmetro nos distribuidores (q) de 1,2; 1,4 e 1,6 m3/h. A melhor eficiência de espalhamento pelo menor desvio padrão (0,302) foi obtida com n de 159 furos/m2, d de 2 mm e q de 1,4 m3/h indicando as limitações dos parâmetros de projeto da literatura. A pressão (p), na entrada do distribuidor para esta condição, foi de apenas 0,51 kgf/cm2. A relação adimensional entre a área da seção do tubo de alimentação e a somatória da área dos furos foi de 5,81, a vazão volumétrica total por unidade de área da seção da coluna para esta melhor condição foi de 11,32 m3/(h.m2) e a velocidade média (v) em cada orifício foi de 6,31 m/s. Portanto, o método proposto permite comparar e quantificar a eficiência de distribuidores além de demonstrar a não validade de alguns parâmetros de projeto recomendados pela literatura.The current text describes a simple experimental method in order to compare the efficiency of the liquid distributors applied at the ore treatment industries in washers, classifiers and mills as well as at the chemical processing industries. The technique basically consist of analyzing the dispersion through the standard deviation of the liquid mass which was collected in vertical pipes placed in a square way under the distributor. As an example of us usage, it has been applied a pilot scale for collecting the liquid mass, installed at the Santa Cecília Universitys Chemical Engineering Laboratory in Santos, with a setting of 21 vertical tubes measuring 52 mm in internal diameter and 800 mm in length. A 50 mm thick acrylic blanket was fixed between the distributor and the pipe setting in order to avoid splashes. Some experiments have been made with a ladder-tipe distributors containing 4 parallel tubes each, for a pilot column of 400 mm in diameter. The literature shows disagreement regarding the characteristics of the project and the efficiency of the distributors. The number of holes has varied (n) 95, 127 and 159 holes/m2; 12, 16 and 20 holes for distributor, the diameter of the holes (d) 2, 3 and 4 mm and the flow of entrance in the distributors (q) of 1,2; 1,4 and 1,6 m3/h. The best efficiency of splashing of the lowest deviation pattern (0,302) was achieved with n of 159 holes/m2, d of 2 mm and q of 1,4 m3/h showing the limitation of characteristics of the project literature. The pressure (p), for this condition in the distributor entrance, was only 0,51 kgf/cm2. The measuring relation between the area of the section of the feeding pipe and the addition of the area of the roles was 5,81, the total volume of the out flow for unit of the area of the column section for this better condition was 11,32 m3/(h m2) and the average speed (v), in each hole was 6,31 m/s. Finally, the indicated method permits the comparison and quantification of the efficiency of the distributors, besides showing that some of the project concepts are not valid and the literature does not recommend them.
18
Dong, Y. (Yue). "Bifunctionalised pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass into reducing sugars:use of ionic liquids and acid-catalysed mechanical approach." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526216775.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable raw material on the earth and it is so far the most suitable and promising resource for the production of biofuels to replace long-term use of fossil oil. This research aims to convert lignocellulose-based industrial residuals, fibre sludge (FS) from a pulp mill and pine sawdust (PSD) from a sawmill, into platform sugars by two different bifunctionalised pretreatments of lignocellulosic biomass. The bifunctionalised pretreatment combines the ordinary pretreatment (deconstruction) of lignocellulosic biomass with lignocellulosic polysaccharides saccharification. The outcome from both pretreatments can be further transformed into biofuels and chemicals. PSD and FS were converted into platform sugars by acid-catalysed mechanical depolymerisation in a planetary ball mill in the first part of this research. The efficiency of the conversion was mainly affected by the transferred energy caused by collisions, the total milling time, acid concentration and moisture content in the reaction. Approximately 30 wt% of the sugars was yielded from PSD and FS both in the short milling process with a low acid/substrate (A/S) concentration without any prior treatment. The second part of this research focuses upon the conversion of FS into platform sugars using hydroxyalkylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate ionic liquids (ILs). Around 29 wt% of the sugars was produced from FS using an IL/water mixture. The added water acted as a co-solvent and played a critical role in the utilisation of these ILs. The blended water reduced the viscosity of the ILs and enhanced the mass transfer between solvent and solute. In addition, the anions of the ILs provided their acidic property in an aqueous solution and offered an acidic environment for hydrolysis simultaneouslyTiivistelmä Lignosellulossapohjainen biomassa on runsaimmin saatavilla oleva ja yksi lupaavimmista raaka-aineista biopolttoaineiden valmistukseen korvaamaan fossiilisia polttoaineita. Väitöskirjassa tutkitaan teollisuuden lignoselluloosapohjaisten sivutuotteiden, selluteollisuuden kuitulietteen ja sahateollisuuden sahanpurun (mäntypuru), muuntamista sokereiksi kahdella erilaisella ns. bifunktionaalisella esikäsittelyllä, joissa yhdistyvät lignoselluloosabiomassan perinteinen esikäsittely (hajotus) ja polysakkaridien sokeroituminen. Muodostuneet sokerit voidaan edelleen muuntaa biopolttoaineiksi ja -kemikaaleiksi. Tutkimuksen ensimmäisessä vaiheessa sahanpuru ja kuituliete muunnettiin sokereiksi happokatalysoidussa mekaanisessa käsittelyssä, joka tehtiin kuulamyllyssä. Reaktiossa katalyyttisen käsittelyn tehokkuuteen vaikuttivat erityisesti jauhatuksen kineettinen energia, jauhatusaika, happokonsentraatio ja reaktioseoksen kosteus. Tulosten perusteella todettiin, että ilman lähtöaineen esikäsittelyä sekä sahanpurun että kuitulietteen sokerisaanto oli noin 30 massa% lyhyen, matalassa happokonsentraatiossa tehdyn jauhatuksen jälkeen. Tutkimuksen toisessa vaiheessa kuituliete muutettiin sokereiksi käyttämällä ionista liuotinta (IL), hydroksialkyyli-imidatsoliumvetysulfaattia. Sokerisaanto kuitulietteestä oli noin 29 massa% IL-vesiseoksessa. Vesi toimi reaktiossa apuliuottimena ja sen rooli on keskeinen ionisten liuottimien käytössä. Sekoittunut vesi laski ionisen liuottimen viskositeettia sekä edisti aineensiirtoa liuottimen ja liukenevan aineen välillä. IL:n anionit lisäsivät happamuutta vesiliuoksessa ja mahdollistivat happamat olosuhteet samanaikaiselle hydrolyysille
Abstract Biomasse aus Lignocellulose ist der am häufigsten vorkommende nachwachsende Rohstoff der Erde und wird aktuell als eine der besten Alternativen für die Produktion von Biokraftstoffen gesehen. Diese sollen langfristig die fossilen Öl-basierten Produkte ersetzen. Diese Forschungsarbeit untersucht die Herstellung von Zucker aus Lignocellulose basierten Abfällen. Faserschlamm aus der Zellstoffindustrie und Kiefern-Sägemehl aus der Holzverarbeitung wurden durch zwei unterschiedliche Bifunktionelle Vorbehandlungen aufgespalten. Diese Bifunktionelle Vorbehandlung kombiniert zwei Schritte in einem Prozess; die gewöhnliche Dekonstruktion der Biomasse und die Verzuckerung von Polysacchariden aus der Lignocellulose. Das so erzeugte Produkt dient als Ausgangsstoff für die weitere Herstellung von Biokraftstoffen und Chemikalien. Im ersten Teil dieser Forschungsarbeit wurden Kiefern-Sägemehl und Faserschlamm in einer Planeten-Kugelmühle zermahlen und gleichzeitig durch eine Säure depolymerisiert. Der Wirkungsgrad dieser säurekatalysierten mechanischen Depolymerisation wurde hauptsächlich durch die Übertragung der Reibungsenergie, der Mahldauer der Zerkleinerung, der Konzentration der Säure und der Feuchtegehalt der Proben beeinflusst. Etwa 30 wt% Zucker wurde so durch den kurzen Zermahlungsprozess aus Kiefern-Sägemehl und Faserschlamm gewonnen. Dabei wurden die Proben nicht vorbehandelt und enthielten eine geringe Säure/Probe Konzentration. Der zweite Teil der Forschungsarbeit untersucht die Umwandlung von Faserschlamm in Zucker mittels der Ionischen Flüssigkeit (ILs) Hydroxyalkyl Imidazolium Hydrogensulfat. Aus den Faserschlamm Proben konnte 29 wt% Zucker durch eine Mischung von ILs und Wasser gewonnen werden. Das zugesetzte Wasser spielte als Co-Lösemittel eine wichtige Rolle in der Nutzung der Ionischen Flüssigkeit, dessen Viskosität so reduziert wurde. Dies führte zu einem erhöhten Stoffübergang zwischen dem Lösemittel und dem Solvat. Zusätzlich sorgten die Anionen der Ionischen Flüssigkeit für ein saures Milieu in der wässrigen Lösung und ermöglichten so eine gleichzeitige Hydrolyse
19
Vostrouhov, M. P., та М. П. Востроухов. "Разработка усовершенствованных приемов снижения концевой разностенности труб в редукционном стане : магистерская диссертация". Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/28106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem of the formation of the beaded pipe ends by reduction described in this work. Patent and literature review ways to reduce the longitudinal varying wall thickness is made. Technology for the production of pipes for pipe-rolling plant is shown. An improved method for calculating changes in wall thickness of the pipe in the reducing mill developed. Mode calculation thinning ends of the pipe before the reducing mill is made.В данной работе описана проблема образования утолщенных концов труб при редуцировании. Выполнен патентно-литературный обзор способов снижения продольной разностенности при редуцировании труб. Приведена технология производства труб на ТПА-80. Разработана усовершенствованная методика расчета изменения толщины стенки трубы в редукционном стане. Выполнен расчет режима утонения концов труб перед редукционным станом.
20
Kislyi, G. V., та Г. В. Кислый. "Технологические режимы прокатки на 3-х валковом непрерывном стане : магистерская диссертация". Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/28107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ways of rolling tubes on a continuous rolling mill considered in the work. Overview of three-roll continuous rolling mills are given. Technology for the production of pipes for pipe unit with 3 roller stand continuous mill developed. The geometric model of the process by scanning the tube sheet is constructed. Determination of the amount of deformation is made. Kinematically possible velocity field is constructed. Examples of calculations of a table rolling and modes of compression on a continuous three-roll mill is shown.В работе рассмотрены способы прокатки труб на непрерывном стане, проведен обзор трехвалковых оправочных станов. Приведена технология производства труб на ТПА с 3-х валковой клетью непрерывного стана. Построена геометрическая модель обжатия путем развертки трубы в лист и проведено определение размера очага деформации. Построено кинематически-возможное поле скоростей. Приведены примеры расчетов таблицы прокатки и режимов обжатия на непрерывном трехвалковом стане.
21
Budhathoki, Chakra Bahadur. "MIxed-effects modeling of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata mill.) growth data." 2006. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-1883.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
22
Xu, Shiqin. "Genetic diversity and hybridization in natural stands of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata mill.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)." 2006. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-2071.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
23
Sabatia, Charles Obuya. "Effect of thinning on partitioning of aboveground biomass in naturally regenerated shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata mill.) /." 2007. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-2440.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
24
XU, WENLI. "Modelling Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb) and Black Spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP] growth and yield in Manitoba." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/8880.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study develops forestry growth and yield models for two economically important tree species in Manitoba, black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP] and jack pine [Pinus banksiana Lamb]. The growth and yield models developed include regression-based individual tree height growth and site index, tree diameter (basal area) growth, tree bole taper, and individual tree mortality models. These regression-based models were developed empirically, using stem analysis, growth and mortality data from 80 permanent sample plots located within the commercially important boreal forests of Manitoba. Model development involved the exploration, comparison and testing of numerous potential regression models and predictor variables. Statistical issues commonly encountered in forest growth and yield modeling, particularly data autocorrelation and variable multicollinearity, were addressed using nonlinear least squares (NLS), generalized nonlinear least squares (GNLS), and nonlinear mixed-effects model regression (NLMM) approaches.
Height growth and site index of black spruce and jack pine was modelled using a three-parameter generalized logistic function. NLMM regression was used since the data were spatially autocorrelated. The inclusion of prior measures from individual trees produced more accurate predictions. In the tree diameter (basal area) growth models, tree size variables were significant predictors for black spruce and managed jack pine stands. Site index (a measure of site productivity) was positively correlated, and basal area of trees larger than the target tree (a relative measure of competition) negatively correlated, with diameter increment. Thiessen polygon area, a spatial measure of competition, was a significant predictor for natural jack pine and upland black spruce stands. Tree bole taper was modeled by NLMM approach using a five-parameter equation based on dimensional analysis, with breast height diameter, total height and relative height as predictor variables. The inclusion of a single prior measure from each tree improved model prediction. Black spruce and jack pine mortality was modeled using logistic regression. The black spruce models predicted high survivorship for larger, fast-growing trees in less crowded stands. In the jack pine model, highest survivorship was predicted for larger, less locally crowded trees.
25
Koroglu, Can. "Control of coal flow in pressurized vertical spindle mills with four outlet pipes." 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1463975.
Повний текст джерела
26
Gyawali, Nabin. "Aboveground biomass partitioning due to thinning in naturally regenerated even-aged shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) stands in southeast Oklahoma." 2008. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-2846.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
27
Newman, Amanda Carla. "Restoration of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill) bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman and Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash) communities in the southern Appalachians /." 2008. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/newman%5Famanda%5Fc%5F200812%5Fms.
Повний текст джерела
28
Diamond, Suzanne M. "The effects of Picloram (Tordon series) and line maintenance on ectomycorrihizal fungi associated with spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb. and tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch within hydro transmission corridors of Manitoba." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3704.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Effects of power line maintenance on mycorrhizal fungi associated with black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.)B.S.P.), tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) were studied at nine right-of-way (ROW) sites in north central Manitoba. Transmission corridors treated with Tordon 101 and Tordon I0K at various times in the past (i.e. 1991, 1990, 1987, 1984, 1974) were chosen for study. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results comparing individual seedlings show that mean mycorrhizal levels within the ROW are between 20 - 50% lower than within the forest at most sites. Exceptions are at the ROW sites treated with Tordon I0K at Mafeking, Manitoba, were levels of mycorrhizal infestation seem to be enhanced. Although mycorrhizal levels are lower in sprayed ROW sites compared to unsprayed ROW sites, these differences are not significant in three out of the four cases studied. This suggests that the initial disturbance of the ROW from line clearance, along with related changes in the habitat, and not herbicide treatments with Tordon 101, are responsible for the reduced levels of mycorrhizae within the ROW sites. Levels of mycorrhizal infestation after application of herbicides follow expected phenological patterns as mediated by seasonal affects. The significantly increased levels of infestation found within the ROW ten months after herbicide treatment with Tordon 101, may indicate a stimulatory effect of the spray treatment on mycorrhizae. If Tordon 101 is enhancing fungal activity within the ROW, this will encourage conifer survival and is thus contrary to ROW management objectives. Phenological changes in mycorrhizal infestations, as affected by site parameters, soil factors and herbicide usage, are modelled.