Статті в журналах: "Pioneer mine"

1

Li, Junmin, Zexin Jin, and Qiping Gu. "Effect of plant species on the function and structure of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of lead–zinc mine tailings in Zhejiang, China." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 57, no. 7 (July 2011): 569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w11-054.

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To uncover the role played by pioneer plants in the natural succession of vegetation on heavy-metal mine tailings, it is important to explore the sensitive indicator of rhizosphere microbial community performance. We investigated the structure and function of rhizosphere bacterial communities of five pioneer plants growing on lead–zinc mine tailings in Zhejiang, China. Compared with the control, all five pioneer plants differentially affected the structure and function of rhizosphere bacterial communities. The number of bacteria, the activity of β-glucosidase and urease, and species richness indices were the highest in the rhizosphere of Erigeron annuus . The carbon utilization ability and the functional diversity indices were the highest in the rhizosphere of Lysimachia clethroides . There was no significant relationship between the functional or structural diversity indices and the bioavailable heavy-metal content among each species. Clustering analysis and the nonmetric dimensional scaling biplot showed that the rhizosphere bacterial communities of the five pioneer plants were different from those of control, indicating that plant species might be the main driver of microbial community composition on mine tailings. Both L. clethroides and E. annuus might be appropriate candidates for phytoremediation of mine tailings for higher soil microbial community function and species richness in rhizosphere.

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2

Andriani, Riska, Hesti Kurniahu, and Sriwulan Sriwulan. "Inventarisasi Tumbuhan Pionir Lahan Bekas Tambang Kapur Di Kecamatan Rengel Kabupaten Tuban Jawa Timur." Biotropic : The Journal of Tropical Biology 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/biotropic.2019.3.1.56-61.

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Environmental damage included the limestone mining process would remove the topsoil layer, reduce fertility, reduce microbial diversity and eliminate the vegetation that growth above it. Naturally, pioneer plants could grow to replace lost plants. Pioneer plants can be used as a reference for land recovery because these plants could grow on damaged land because they are associated with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). In addition, the presence of pioneer plants could inhibit soil erosion due to its root ability to hold the soil from scouring water. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the initial natural succession process, namely the pioneer post-limestone mining community. This research was conducted by purposive random sampling method at three mining locations, namely Banjaragung Village, 5 years after mine, Maibit Village, 8 years after mine, and Rengel Village, 7 years after mine. Samples were taken for each of the 10 plots of 1x1 m size. The results of this study obtained 5 types of plants with the highest INP, namely: Lamium barbatum, Chromolena odoratum, Tridax procumbens, Waltheria indica, and Digitaria sanguinalis. While the highest diversity index is in the Village of Maibit, Rengel Sub-District, Tuban Regency after 8 years post-mining, which is 2.54.

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3

Presmyk, Les. "The Magma Mine, Pioneer District, Superior, Pinal County, Arizona." Rocks & Minerals 95, no. 1 (November 26, 2019): 68–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2020.1670573.

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4

Coldewey, Wilhelm G., and Christian Wolkersdorfer. "Professor Dr. Walter Semmler: A German Mine Water Pioneer." Mine Water and the Environment 33, no. 4 (September 13, 2014): 372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10230-014-0301-9.

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5

Ivanykina, Tatyana Viktorovna, and Maxim Olegovich Nevelskoy. "ACCIDENTS AND PROFESSIONALDISEASES IN A SEPARATE UNIT "PIONEER" JSC "POKROVSKY MINE"." Messenger AmSU, no. 89 (2020): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/jasu.27.

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6

Stepanyuk, Galina, Alexandra Zaushintsena, Sergey Burenkov, Svetlana Svirkova, Alexandr Gavrilov, and Maria Osintseva. "Evaluating the Vegetation Development of Coal-Mine Dumps." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 52, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 807–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2022-4-2407.

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Reforestation of overburden coal dumps requires new, complex reclamation methods. Competent and well-planned reclamation projects ensure a positive current-state evaluation of disturbed areas. The research objective was to describe the new vegetation that appears on natural areas after industrial disturbance. The study involved pioneer plant communities that developed on a coal dump slope on the Taldinskiy coal field, Kuzbass, in the summer of 2021.The research involved a wide range of engineering and geological surveys, as well as a set of methods of geobotanical, taxonomic, biomorphological, and ecological analyses. The data were obtained by remote sensing. The route reconnaissance of coal dumps with uncontrolled vegetation revealed the following results. The total plant cover on undisturbed areas had a mosaic pattern and ranged from 70 to 75%. The forest plat communities consisted of 101 plant species and 33 families. The maximal species diversity belonged to the following families: Asteraceae – 13 species, Fabaceae – 11 species, Poaceae – 8 species, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Rosaceae – 5 species, Apiaceae, Boraginaceae, Campanulaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Equisetaceae, Pinaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Salicaceae, and Scrophulariaceae – 2–4 species. The Taldinskiy coal field dump was evaluated as a technogenically disturbed site with a low biomorphological and species diversity. It had a larger share of weeds, and its ratio of plant communities differed from the background phytocenosis. The type of vegetation corresponded to the first stage of plant development on technogenic areas and was defined as the stage of sparse pioneer vegetation

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7

Marcelo-Silva, João, Masego Ramabu, and Stefan John Siebert. "Phytoremediation and Nurse Potential of Aloe Plants on Mine Tailings." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021521.

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Mine tailings are a source of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) worldwide. Phytoremediation is a low-cost green technology that uses metal-tolerant plants to extract these contaminants and rehabilitate the soil. In mine tailing restoration efforts, it can be beneficial to introduce species that can facilitate the colonization of other plants (i.e., nurse plant syndrome). In this study, the phytoremediation and nursing potential of two species adapted to metalliferous soil, Aloe burgersfortensis and A. castanea, were evaluated for the first time. An experiment was performed with aloe plants grown in pots containing potting soil, platinum tailings, and gold tailings. Leaves were assessed for bioaccumulation of PTMs. Seeds of Bermuda grass and African daisy, two successional pioneers, were planted with the aloes and had their developmental parameters evaluated after 30 days. Allelopathic effects were also assessed, with seeds of the pioneer plants infused with root extracts of the aloes from the different soil treatments. A. castanea demonstrated greater potential for the bioaccumulation of Cd, Co, Mn, Ni, and Zn in the tailings. The presence of aloes benefited germination rates, leaf count, length, and plant biomass of grasses and daisies in the mine tailings, without significant allelopathic effects. Therefore, aloes—especially A. castanea—should be employed in the rehabilitation of metal-contaminated soils to extract metals and to aid the establishment of other species to enhance the phytoremediation processes.

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8

Arocena, Joselito M., Jan M. van Mourik, Madeleine L. M. Schilder, and Angel Faz Cano. "Initial Soil Development Under Pioneer Plant Species in Metal Mine Waste Deposits." Restoration Ecology 18 (September 25, 2009): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2009.00582.x.

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9

Ang, L. H., W. M. Ho, and L. K. Tang. "Ex-situ conservation and diversity index of greened ex-tin mine." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012042.

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Abstract The greened ex-tin mine comprises planted timber species of Acacia mangium, Hopea odorata and Khaya ivorensis. The ex-tin mine was formerly a lowland dipterocarps mixed forest. The man-made forest was established at 4 x 5 m spacing or 500 stem/ha on slime tailings. However, high mortality of the timber species due to damages by wild pigs and farm animals have reduced the plantation of 3.2 ha to only 93 stems of Acacia mangium, 92 stems of Hopea odorata and 130 stems of Khaya ivorensis at 20 years after planting. The regeneration covering the planting line was kept and the planting spaces in-between the planting lines were cleared for planting of another 14 species of endemic, endangered and threatened tree species (EETS). The ex-situ conservation program of planting 1500 stems of EETS to the 3 ha site was sponsored by Asian Forest Cooperation Organization (AFoCO). The 100% vegetation survey was carried out 4 years after planting. The species richness, Shannon diversity index and species evenness were computed for the nurse stand, and the nurse stands with EETS. The results obtained for species richness, Shannon Index (H) and Shannon Evenness index (EH) of the nurse stand and nurse stand with EETS was 24, 1.46, 0.46 and 38, 2.30, 0.63, respectively. The nurse stand with EETS has increased in species richness, H and EH of nurse stand to 58%. and 36.9%, respectively. More importantly, none of the introduced EETS was found in the composition of the natural regeneration of the 20 years old nurse stand. The 21 species naturally regenerated in the nurse stand were an only pioneer and late pioneer species. This shows that ex-tin mine after the reclamation efforts of planting timber species and the natural regeneration will not be able to regain the initial species composition of a lowland dipterocarps forest. The domestication technology of EETS developed in this project is reproducible. The project has successfully preserved the 14 EETS and the site shall be a demonstration plot for the future seed production area.

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10

LEI, Dongmei, and Changqun DUAN. "Restoration potential of pioneer plants growing on lead-zinc mine tailings in Lanping, southwest China." Journal of Environmental Sciences 20, no. 10 (January 2008): 1202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62210-x.

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11

Quintela-Sabarís, Celestino, Michel-Pierre Faucon, Rimi Repin, John B. Sugau, Reuben Nilus, Guillaume Echevarria, and Sophie Leguédois. "Plant Functional Traits on Tropical Ultramafic Habitats Affected by Fire and Mining: Insights for Reclamation." Diversity 12, no. 6 (June 17, 2020): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12060248.

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Biodiversity-rich tropical ultramafic areas are currently being impacted by land clearing and particularly by mine activities. The reclamation of ultramafic degraded areas requires a knowledge of pioneer plant species. The objective of this study is to highlight the functional traits of plants that colonize ultramafic areas after disturbance by fire or mining activities. This information will allow trait-assisted selection of candidate species for reclamation. Fifteen plots were established on ultramafic soils in Sabah (Borneo, Malaysia) disturbed by recurrent fires (FIRE plots) or by soil excavation and quarrying (MINE plots). In each plot, soil samples were collected and plant cover as well as species abundances were estimated. Fifteen functional traits related to revegetation, nutrient improvement, or Ni phytomining were measured in sampled plants. Vegetation of both FIRE and MINE plots was dominated by perennials with lateral spreading capacity (mainly by rhizomes). Plant communities displayed a conservative growth strategy, which is an adaptation to low nutrient availability on ultramafic soils. Plant height was higher in FIRE than in MINE plots, whereas the number of stems per plant was higher in MINE plots. Perennial plants with lateral spreading capacity and a conservative growth strategy would be the first choice for the reclamation of ultramafic degraded areas. Additional notes for increasing nutrient cycling, managing competition, and implementing of Ni-phytomining are also provided.

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12

Cross, Adam T., Hongtao Zhong, and Hans Lambers. "Incorporating rock in surface covers improves the establishment of native pioneer vegetation on alkaline mine tailings." Science of The Total Environment 768 (May 2021): 145373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145373.

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13

Zelaya-Molina, Lily X., Luis M. Hernández-Soto, Jairo E. Guerra-Camacho, Ricardo Monterrubio-López, Alfredo Patiño-Siciliano, Lourdes Villa-Tanaca, and César Hernández-Rodríguez. "Ammonia-Oligotrophic and Diazotrophic Heavy Metal-Resistant Serratia liquefaciens Strains from Pioneer Plants and Mine Tailings." Microbial Ecology 72, no. 2 (May 2, 2016): 324–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-016-0771-3.

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14

Parraga-Aguado, Isabel, Maria Nazaret Gonzalez-Alcaraz, Jose Alvarez-Rogel, Francisco J. Jimenez-Carceles, and Hector M. Conesa. "The importance of edaphic niches and pioneer plant species succession for the phytomanagement of mine tailings." Environmental Pollution 176 (May 2013): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.023.

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15

Pietrzykowski, Marcin, Amisalu Milkias Misebo, Marek Pająk, Bartłomiej Woś, Katarzyna Sroka, and Marcin Chodak. "Impact of Tree Species and Substrates on the Microbial and Physicochemical Properties of Reclaimed Mine Soil in the Novel Ecosystems." Forests 13, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 1858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111858.

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Evaluating how different tree species and substrates affect the microbial and physicochemical properties of technosols from combustion wastes and reclaimed mine soil (RMS) is vital in species selection to enhance restored ecosystem services. This research aimed to evaluate the impact of pioneer and N-fixing tree species and substrates on the post-mining soil microbial and physicochemical properties. Common birch (Betula pendula Roth) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), as the commonly introduced species on reclaimed mine soils (RMS) in eastern and central Europe, were selected as pioneer species, whereas black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L) Gaernt.) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were selected as N-fixer species. Soil samples were collected from different RMS developed from three substrates (fly ashes, clay, and sand) and measured for the content of total nitrogen (Nt), organic carbon (Corg), exchangeable calcium (Ca2+), exchangeable potassium (K+), exchangeable magnesium (Mg2+), C to N ratio (C:N), basal respiration rate (RESP), and microbial biomass carbon (Cmic). The research indicated that tested tree species influenced water holding capacity (WHC), Nt, C:N, and RESP value. The highest Nt accumulation in soil was observed under N-fixing, but it did not transfer into higher organic carbon content under N-fixers. The soil under pine had a greater C:N ratio than the soil under birch, alder, and locust. The RESP rate was highest under birch. In terms of substrate type, RMS developed on Miocene clays exhibited higher carbon and macronutrient contents followed by ashes, whereas sands exhibited the lowest values of both physicochemical and microbial properties. The study suggested that both tree species and substrates affect microbial activities and physicochemical properties of RMS; however, the substrate effect is stronger.

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16

Harwood, M. R., J. B. Hacker, and J. J. Mott. "Field evaluation of seven grasses for use in the revegetation of lands disturbed by coal mining in Central Queensland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 3 (1999): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98119.

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Pasture-based systems, dominated by the tussock forming Cenchrus ciliaris cv. Biloela (buffel grass) and the stoloniferous Chloris gayana cv. Pioneer (rhodes grass), are commonly used in the revegetation of lands disturbed by coal mining in the Bowen Basin of Central Queensland. Although able to establish quickly under favourable conditions, neither species has proven entirely suitable for use in this situation, particularly in providing effective ground cover for erosion control on the re-contoured post-mining landscape. The aim of this study was to evaluate a range of new pasture grasses, with the objective of identifying accessions better adapted to the edaphic and climatic conditions of the areas requiring revegetation. Seven grasses were evaluated, on both bare spoil and replaced topsoil, at the Saraji mine, about 25 km north of Dysart. Differences in establishment between grasses were limited, although establishment was up to 5 times greater in the replaced topsoil plots. Urochloa mosambicensis CPI 60128 exhibited better seedling survival (up to 8 times greater) and produced a more extensive ground cover (up to 3 times greater) than the stoloniferous control Chloris gayana cv. Pioneer under conditions of below average rainfall (rainfall was below average in 70% of the months). This work resulted in the commercial release of U. mosambicensis CPI 60128 as cv. Saraji.

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17

Lagrange, Alexandre, Marc Ducousso, Philippe Jourand, Clarisse Majorel, and Hamid Amir. "New insights into the mycorrhizal status of Cyperaceae from ultramafic soils in New Caledonia." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 57, no. 1 (January 2011): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w10-096.

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In New Caledonia, a hot spot of biodiversity, plants from the Cyperaceae family are mostly endemic and considered pioneers of the nickel-rich natural serpentine ecosystem. The aim of the study was to highlight the mycorrhizal status of these Cyperaceae and to bring new insights into the role of this symbiosis in plant tolerance to ultramafic soils. Nine Cyperaceae species were studied and presented evidence of root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs), with frequencies ranging from 8% to 57%. The highest level of AM colonization was observed in plants from the endemic dominant genus Costularia . Molecular evidence demonstrated the presence of Glomus sp. inside the roots. In a controlled greenhouse assay, AM inoculation of Costularia comosa grown under ultramafic conditions significantly enhanced plant growth, with an increase in biomass by up to 2.4-fold for shoots and 1.2-fold for roots, and also reduced nickel content in roots by 2.5-fold, as compared with the controls. All these data support our hypotheses (i) that a relationship exists between the mycorrhizal status of Cyperaceae and their habitat, and (ii) that AM have a positive role in plant tolerance to ultramafic soils (mineral nutrition and metal tolerance), suggesting the use of these pioneer plants with AM management as potential tools for nickel mine site rehabilitation in New Caledonia.

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18

Yin, Bei, David Crowley, Gerd Sparovek, Wanderley Jose De Melo, and James Borneman. "Bacterial Functional Redundancy along a Soil Reclamation Gradient." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 10 (October 1, 2000): 4361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.10.4361-4365.2000.

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ABSTRACT A strategy to measure bacterial functional redundancy was developed and tested with soils collected along a soil reclamation gradient by determining the richness and diversity of bacterial groups capable of in situ growth on selected carbon substrates. Soil cores were collected from four sites along a transect from the Jamari tin mine site in the Jamari National Forest, Rondonia, RO, Brazil: denuded mine spoil, soil from below the canopy of invading pioneer trees, revegetated soil under new growth on the forest edge, and the forest floor of an adjacent preserved forest. Bacterial population responses were analyzed by amending these soil samples with individual carbon substrates in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). BrdU-labeled DNA was then subjected to a 16S-23S rRNA intergenic analysis to depict the actively growing bacteria from each site. The number and diversity of bacterial groups responding to four carbon substrates (l-serine, l-threonine, sodium citrate, and α-lactose hydrate) increased along the reclamation-vegetation gradient such that the preserved forest soil samples contained the highest functional redundancy for each substrate. These data suggest that bacterial functional redundancy increases in relation to the regrowth of plant communities and may therefore represent an important aspect of the restoration of soil biological functionality to reclaimed mine spoils. They also suggest that bacterial functional redundancy may be a useful indicator of soil quality and ecosystem functioning.

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19

Ginocchio, Rosanna, Luz María de la Fuente, Fabiola Orrego, María José Díaz, Javiera Báez, and Juan Francisco Ovalle. "A novel fast-vegetative propagation technique of the pioneer shrub Baccharis linearis on mine tailings by adding compost." International Journal of Phytoremediation 23, no. 11 (February 17, 2021): 1169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2021.1882383.

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20

Navarro-Noya, Yendi E., Emma Hernández-Mendoza, Jesús Morales-Jiménez, Janet Jan-Roblero, Esperanza Martínez-Romero, and César Hernández-Rodríguez. "Isolation and characterization of nitrogen fixing heterotrophic bacteria from the rhizosphere of pioneer plants growing on mine tailings." Applied Soil Ecology 62 (November 2012): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2012.07.011.

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21

Webster, Susan M. "Children and young people in out-of-home care: canaries in the coal mine of healthcare commissioning." Australian Journal of Primary Health 22, no. 1 (2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py15040.

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Australian Primary Health Networks could pioneer local health service reform for children and young people living in out-of-home care. Significant maltreatment, the leading cause of placement of 0–17-year-olds under the protective canopy of foster, kinship and residential care (described collectively as out-of-home care) left more than 50000 children vulnerable to poor health outcomes in 2013–14. Opportunistic health care is inadequate to meet the chronic and complex health needs of maltreated children. This article reviews some critical lessons from English commissioning and US healthcare marketplace reforms in an attempt to better meet the needs of children and young people in out-of-home care. It identifies key questions that Australian Primary Health Networks would need to resolve if they were to follow overseas trends and adopt health service commissioning as a means to provide more effective and efficient health care for this at-risk population.

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22

Hery, Marina, Laurent Philippot, Eve Meriaux, Franck Poly, Xavier Le Roux, and Elisabeth Navarro. "Nickel mine spoils revegetation attempts: effect of pioneer plants on two functional bacterial communities involved in the N-cycle." Environmental Microbiology 7, no. 4 (April 2005): 486–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00705.x.

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23

Guldbrandsson, Lennart. "Wikipedia." Culture Unbound 6, no. 3 (June 17, 2014): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.146633.

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Above my desk is a quote by Albert Einstein: “Do not worry about your difficulties in mathematics; I can assure you that mine are still greater.” One of Einstein’s problems, of course, was that since he was a pioneer, there were not many who could give him the correct answers. Wikipedia is in some ways in the same position. It is presently the 6th most visited website in the world (Alexa 2014), it is the only donor-supported website in the top 50 list, and Mozilla is the only other non-profit in the top 25 list (Gardner 2013). Few other very large websites use only copyright-free material, written and maintained by anyone, with a decision system that has been described as consensus-driven. Even the five-year strategic plan for the Wikimedia Foundation was crowd-sourced (Wikimedia 2011b).

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Yuan, Ye, Yingxiang Ren, Guoqing Gao, Zhongqiu Zhao, and Shuye Niu. "Intra- and Interspecific Interactions among Pioneer Trees Affect Forest-Biomass Carbon Accumulation in a Nutrient-Deficient Reclaimed Coal Mine Spoil." Forests 11, no. 8 (July 28, 2020): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11080819.

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Pioneer trees play a key role in the recovery of a reclaimed ecosystem that is nutrient-deficient in the initial stage of reclamation. Clarifying the growth of pioneer trees and their response to intra- or interspecific competition is of great importance to help stewards manage reclaimed forest. Nevertheless, such documents are lacking. We utilized forestry inventory data from a R. pseudoacacia and P. tabuliformis mixed forest plot with an area of 8000 m2 to find out the effect of trees interaction on their growth (indicated by the amount of biomass carbon per stem) in a nutrient-lacking reclaimed ecosystem 17 years after reclamation in Pingshuo opencast coal mine, Shanxi Province, China. In total, 2133 tree individuals were measured and tagged; the kriging interpolation method was applied to map spatial variation of forest-biomass carbon (C). Univariate and bivariate mark correlation functions were employed to examine the effect of intra- and interspecific interactions on tree’s biomass C accumulation. The results showed that tree biomass C was 27.84 Mg ha−1 in the forest. C class structure of planted R. pseudoacacia followed inversed J-shaped distribution and seeded-in R. pseudoacacia and Ulmus pumila (a spontaneous species) had L-shaped distribution. P. tabuliformis, however, followed a nearly normal distribution. Patchy distribution was observed with regard to C spatial arrangement of all tree species. In terms of the intraspecific correlation of biomass C, no significant competitive or facilitative interactions (GoF p ≥ 0.05) was observed among conspecific trees of seeded-in R. pseudoacacia and P. tabuliformis. In contrast, significant negative interactions (GoF p < 0.05) or repulsion correlations between biomass C of planted R. pseudoacacia individuals and U. pumila individuals were found at the scale of 1–2 and 0–8.5 m, respectively. In term of the interspecfic spatial correlation of biomass C, a significant positive interaction between the heterospecific individuals of planted R. pseudoacacia and seeded-in R. pseudoacacia was observed at the scale of 2.5–4 and 12.5–15 m. Similarly, seeded-in R. pseudoacacia and U. pumila were found to be attracted by P. tabuliformis at 7–9 and 0–2 m, respectively. Conversely, significant departure effect was observed at the scale of 1–3 m between the biomass C of U. pumila and planted R. pseudoacacia and 4.5–5.5 m between the biomass C of U. pumila and seeded-in R. pseudoacacia. Consequently, R. pseudoacacia and P. tabuliformis could coexist for a long term and P. tabuliformis was a species that facilitated the accumulation of C of other tree species. Overall, complex intra- and interspecific interactions in nutrient-limit reclamation ecosystem affected biomass C accumulation. R. pseudoacacia–P. tabuliformis mixed forest could be an efficient reclamation pattern to restore biomass C in the Loess Plateau area.

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Matanzas, Nora, Elías Afif, Tomás Emilio Díaz, and José Luis R. Gallego. "Screening of Pioneer Metallophyte Plant Species with Phytoremediation Potential at a Severely Contaminated Hg and As Mining Site." Environments 8, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8070063.

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Phytoremediation of mine soils contaminated by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) requires the use of tolerant plants given the specific conditions of toxicity in the altered soil ecosystems. In this sense, a survey was conducted in an ancient Hg-mining area named “El Terronal” (Asturias, Spain) which is severely affected by PTE contamination (As, Hg, Pb) to obtain an inventory of the spontaneous natural vegetation. A detailed habitat classification was performed and a specific index of coverage was applied after a one-year quadrat study in various sampling stations; seven species were finally selected (Agrostis tenuis, Betula celtiberica, Calluna vulgaris, Dactylis glomerata, Plantago lanceolata, Salix atrocinerea and Trifolium repens). A total of 21 samples (3 per plant) of the soil–plant system were collected and analyzed for the available and total concentrations of contaminants in soil and plants (roots and aerial parts). Most of the studied plant species were classified as non-accumulating plants, with particular exceptions as Calluna vulgaris for Pb and Dactylis glomerata for As. Overall, the results revealed interest for phytoremediation treatments, especially phytostabilization, as most of the plants studied were classified as excluder metallophytes.

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Luo, Ting, Brenda K. C. Chan, and Rui Yong Wang. "Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil by Selection of Plant Species." Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 572–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.572.

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Contamination of heavy metals in soil has raised potential long term environmental and health concerns due to its accumulation and possibility of entering the food chain. Being cost effective and simple operation, phytoremediation is seen as an emerging technology and promising solution to remediate polluted soils. In recent years, great effort has been concentrated on screening a variety of hyperaccumulators. This paper evaluates four plant species Solanumnigrum L.PterismultifidaPois, Pterisvittata L and Brassicajuncea grown under different heavy metal (Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn) concentration in greenhouse pot trial. From pot experiment, the mobility of contaminants (Cd and Zn) in soil were reduced by being concentrated and absorbed onto root tissues and stems in Solanumnigrum L. and Brassicajuncea whereas Cu and Pb were stabilized in the root tissues of all four plant species. The different transport phenomena towards different contaminants and the phytostablization ability makes these four plants suitable pioneer species in remediation and revegetation in abandoned copper, lead and zinc mine.

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Knotter, Ad. "De socioloog Harry Hoefnagels SJ (1922-1990). Een kritische Limburger in vakbondszaken." Studies over de sociaaleconomische geschiedenis van Limburg/Jaarboek van het Sociaal Historisch Centrum voor Limburg 64 (June 27, 2022): 138–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.58484/ssegl.v64i12332.

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In the 1960s and 1970s, sociologist and Jesuit Harry Hoefnagels, born in de mining town of Kerkrade, played a prominent role in debates on trade union renewal, developments in the Catholic Church, and in society in general. This article focusses on his ideas about industrial relations. Influenced by developments in the French Christian trade union movement (CFTC, later CFTD) in the early 1960s, Hoefnagels was very critical of the passive and conciliatory attitude of both the catholic and social democratic trade unions in the Netherlands. He was a pioneer in the movement towards the merger of the catholic Nederlands Katholiek Vakverbond (NKV) and the socialist Nederlands Verbond van Vakverenigingen (NVV) into Federatie Nederlandse Vakbeweging (FNV) in 1976. In Limburg, he played a prominent role in protests against the social consequences of mine closure in the late 1960. Research on his opinions and public performances is relevant in the context of societal change in the Netherlands in the 1960s and 1970s.

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Liu, Yan, Meng Zhang, Bing Feng, Ming Chen, and Xiuxiu Zhou. "Variations of Soil Cyanobacteria Communities Accompanied by Different Habitat Types in Abandoned Ion-Absorbed Rare Earth Tailings." Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering Technology 10 (December 30, 2022): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12974/2311-8741.2022.10.05.

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Soil fertility declined, companied with the poor capacity of water holding, after rare earth mining for a long time, mine tailings remediation produced in conventional rare earth elements REEs exploitation are currently urgent issues. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic oxygenic phototrophs, played a vital role in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), reducing soil loss, are the pioneer organisms of biological soil crusts BSCs. However, studies on cyanobacteria inoculation in abandoned ionic rare earth mines were still insufficient. The abundance and composition of microorganisms in the topsoil of abandoned ionic rare earth mines were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 gene in this study. Fifteen samples were selected in and around rare earth mine tailings based on five different habitat types to assess the difference of main bacteria component and the dominant cyanobacteria caused by environmental factors. A total of 713,057 effective 16S rRNA genes were classified into 30 bacteria phyla, and 7 cyanobacterial genera were determined in phyla of Cyanobacteria. Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Cyanobacteria were dominant groups in all samples (>5% of total effective sequences). Only Microcoleus, Leptolyngbya, Microcystis, Stigonema, Chroococcidiopsis, Phormidium, and Lyngbya were determined in rare earth mine tailings. Leptolyngbya was wildly distributed in rare earth tailings except for natural woodland, while Microcoleus was found in all of the studying areas in this study. Mining activities could cause the amount of unknown cyanobacteria specie pnr_Chloroplast abnormal. Additionally, results showed that cyanobacteria community composition was not correlated with soil organic matter SOM, but cyanobacteria richness and diversity were limited by the high content of ammonia nitrogen, and Leptolyngbya and Microcoleus could apply to abandoned ion-absorbed rare earth mining tailings repairment.

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Boldt-Burisch, Katja, M. Anne Naeth, Bernd Uwe Schneider, and Reinhard F. Hüttl. "Linkage between root systems of three pioneer plant species and soil nitrogen during early reclamation of a mine site in Lusatia, Germany." Restoration Ecology 23, no. 4 (March 9, 2015): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.12190.

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Ibrahim, Mariam Taiwo, and Adeyinka Tella. "Analysis of Text Mining from Full-text Articles and Abstracts by Postgraduates Students in Selected Nigeria Universities." International Journal of Higher Education 9, no. 4 (June 10, 2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n4p169.

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Purpose: This study analysed text mining from full-text articles and abstracts by postgraduate students in selected Nigeria universities.Design/methodology/approach: The study adopted a survey research design using a questionnaire as the instrument for data collection from 357 postgraduate students drawn using Raosoft sample size calculator. Six research questions were developed and answered.Finding: The findings demonstrate that postgraduate students mined texts from full texts articles mostly to write a dissertation, for personal academic development and to prepare research seminars. It also revealed that postgraduate students mined texts from abstracts majorly to write dissertations and prepare for research seminars; postgraduate students mined texts using information extraction technique, information retrieval technique, and summarization. The texts are mined mostly form PDF format, followed by Microsoft word format and HTML format (Web pages). Postgraduate students prefer mining texts from full-text articles than from abstracts and the sources postgraduate students mostly mine text is through the World Wide Web, followed by library databases.Research limitations/implications: The current study only used a questionnaire, a self-reported survey to collect data from the respondents of the study. Including other data collection instruments such as interviews would provide a holistic view of the data mining scenario from both the full-text articles and abstracts among the postgraduate students in Nigerian universities and this would make the generalisation of the study findings easier and more worthwhile.Originality/value: Research on data mining either from full-text articles or abstracts were predominantly conducted in Advance countries. This study seems to be one of the pioneer studies in this area in Nigeria and Africa as a whole. It is the original idea by the author; and it is assumed that understanding the nature and context-related information in data mining by the postgraduate students is an original idea.

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Zhan, Jing, and Qingye Sun. "Diversity of free-living nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of pioneer plants growing on wastelands of copper mine tailings." Microbiological Research 167, no. 3 (March 2012): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2011.05.006.

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Nero, Bertrand Festus. "Structure, composition and diversity of restored forest ecosystems on mine-spoils in South-Western Ghana." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 14, 2021): e0252371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252371.

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In response to national policy obligations, many mining companies in Ghana have restored/reclaimed degraded mined out sites through revegetation. The area extent of such restored areas is unknown and there is also paucity of data on success of restoration, species diversity and compositional dynamics of such restored landscapes, particularly using mixed species. This study assessed stand structure, diversity and composition dynamics of sites restored with mixed species and models species abundance distribution on these sites. Three reclaimed and one control site (adjacent natural forest) were inventoried using 27, 30 x 30 m plots on the Hwini-Butre and Benso concession of the Golden Star Wassa Limited. Overall 3057 (per 24 plots) and 150 (per 3 plots) individual trees were recorded in the overstorey of the reclaimed and control sites, respectively. In all, 31 species in 13 families occurred on the reclaimed site while 61 species in 29 families occurred on the control. Species richness, abundance and diversity were significantly lower in the reclaimed sites than the control in the overstorey (p≤0.018), mid-storey (p ≤ 0.032), and understorey (p≤ 0.031). Species composition of the reclaimed and control sites were mostly dissimilar in the overstorey, midstorey, and understorey. However, the midstorey and overstorey of the reclaimed sites showed high similarity in composition (Jaccard’s index = 0.817). Pioneer and shade-tolerant species were most dominant in the understorey of the control while only shade-tolerant species (mostly herbs and grasses) dominated the reclaimed sites. Species abundance distribution of both reclaimed and control sites followed the geometric series model, indicating that both sites are disturbed but at different intensities. It is concluded that reclamation with mixed species does not necessarily lead to rapid restoration of indigenous climax species on mine spoils. Nonetheless, it may lead to accomplishments of short-term goals of stabilizing and protecting landscapes while conditioning the sites for colonisation of the climax species.

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Huang, Jin Dong, and Dong Hong Li. "Study on Lowcost Revegetation Technical Measures on Ferrum Tailings Bank in Huludao, Northeast China." Advanced Materials Research 414 (December 2011): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.414.139.

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This study focused on the technical measures of revegetation on ferrum tailings bank in Huludao, China. Adopting field test method, a revegetation trial was conducted on the Yangjiazhangzi waste ferrum tailings bank. By composting the urban sludge + river mud + straw inside planting pit to ameliorate tailings matrix, planting perennial herb to establish closed type sand barrier to shelter bush-herbage growth, transplanting nutrition cup bush seedlings and sowing herbage seed on the composting pit to establish bush-herbage clump, these technical measures can solve the major constraints to plant growth and establish survival bush-herbage vegetation at lowcost. The results show that Pit layered composting is the cost-effective measure to improve ferrum tailings planting matrix; Planting perennial herb sand barrier t is a good measure to improve microhabitat; Planting bush-herbage clump is a good pattern to resist the extreme ferrum tailing environment; Hippophae rhamnoides Linn., Caragana Korshinskii Kom., Medicago sativa Linn.and Astragalus adsurgens Pall are good pioneer species for revegetation on the ferrum tailings bank. Experiment proved that the combination of these technical measures can reconstruct vegetation, this revegetation pattern is worthy of reference for similar mine ecological restoration.

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Guo, Mei-Na, Xi Zhong, Wen-Shen Liu, Guo-Bao Wang, Yuan-Qing Chao, Hermine Huot, Rong-Liang Qiu, et al. "Biogeochemical dynamics of nutrients and rare earth elements (REEs) during natural succession from biocrusts to pioneer plants in REE mine tailings in southern China." Science of The Total Environment 828 (July 2022): 154361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154361.

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35

Bolibok, Leszek, Monika Kubiak, and Sebastian Michalski. "Assessment of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) long distance dispersal on the internal waste heap of the Bełchatów lignite mine." Forest Research Papers 79, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2018-0001.

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Abstract Long distance dispersal is a key process occurring in plant communities and is particularly important for pioneer species like sea-buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) which survival strongly depends on colonizing newly created post-disturbance habitats. Sea-buckthorn, a cluster-forming shrub, is commonly used in Poland in the reclamation of soil-less areas devastated the by mining industry and for these areas a generative expansion of planted populations is usually observed. The main objective of this study was to assess the long-distance dispersal of this species in areas previously disturbed by industrial activity. Our observations were made on a 223.75 ha large section of the internal waste heap of the Bełchatów lignite mine, Central Poland. The area was colonized by sea-buckthorn specimens originating from a population planted on the nearby external waste heap. During the search for newly established sea-buckthorn clusters, their position and size were recorded and the preferences for specific site conditions were assessed using the Ivlev’s electivity index. New specimen were observed at distances between 600 m and 3600 m from their potential seed source. The mean cluster density was 1.37 ha−1. The observed pattern of long distance dispersal is linked with to behavior of frugivorous birds. The largest cluster densities were observed along ditches (9.83 ha−1) and on open areas with less developed plant cover, while the lowest cluster density occurred in afforested areas (0.51 ha−1). Poor sandy substrate reduced the probability of plant establishment compared to richer loamy sands. There appeared to be no influence of slope aspect on the probability of sea-buckthorn establishment.

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Boi, Maria Enrica, Daniela Medas, Giuliana Aquilanti, Gianluigi Bacchetta, Giovanni Birarda, Giovanna Cappai, Ilaria Carlomagno, et al. "Mineralogy and Zn Chemical Speciation in a Soil-Plant System from a Metal-Extreme Environment: A Study on Helichrysum microphyllum subsp. tyrrhenicum (Campo Pisano Mine, SW Sardinia, Italy)." Minerals 10, no. 3 (March 12, 2020): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10030259.

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Environmental contamination due to human activities is a worldwide problem that has led to the development of different remediation techniques, including biotechnological approaches such as phytoextraction and phytostabilization. These techniques take advantage of pioneer plants that naturally develop tolerance mechanisms to survive in extreme environments. A multi-technique and multi-disciplinary approach was applied for the investigation of Helichrysum microphyllum subsp. tyrrhenicum samples, bulk soil, and rhizospheres collected from a metal-extreme environment (Zn-Pb mine of Campo Pisano, SW Sardinia, Italy). Zinc, Pb, and Cd are the most abundant metals, with Zn attaining 3 w/w% in the rhizosphere solid materials, inducing oxidative stress in the roots as revealed by infrared microspectroscopy (IR). X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and chemical analysis coupled with synchrotron radiation-based (SR) techniques demonstrate that quartz, dolomite, and weddellite biominerals precipitate in roots, stems, and leaves, likely as a response to environmental stress. In the rhizosphere, Zn chemical speciation is mainly related to the Zn ore minerals (smithsonite and hydrozincite) whereas, in plant tissues, Zn is primarily bound to organic compounds such as malate, cysteine, and histidine molecules that act as metal binders and, eventually, detoxification agents for the Zn excess. These findings suggest that H. microphyllum subsp. tyrrhenicum has developed its own adaptation strategy to survive in polluted substrates, making it a potential candidate for phytostabilization aimed at mitigating the dispersion of metals in the surrounding areas.

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Roth, Philippe, Nicolas Meisser, Fabrizio Nestola, Radek Škoda, Fernando Cámara, Ferdinando Bosi, Marco E. Ciriotti, Ulf Hålenius, Cédric Schnyder, and Roberto Bracco. "Rüdlingerite, Mn2+2V5+As5+O7·2H2O, a New Species Isostructural with Fianelite." Minerals 10, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10110960.

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The new mineral species rüdlingerite, ideally Mn2+2V5+As5+O7·2H2O, occurs in the Fianel mine, in Val Ferrera, Grisons, Switzerland, a small Alpine metamorphic Mn deposit. It is associated with ansermetite and Fe oxyhydroxide in thin fractures in Triassic dolomitic marbles. Rüdlingerite was also found in specimens recovered from the dump of the Valletta mine, Canosio, Cuneo, Piedmont, Italy, where it occurs together with massive braccoite and several other As- and V-rich phases in richly mineralized veins crossing the quartz-hematite ore. The new mineral displays at both localities yellow to orange, flattened elongated prismatic, euhedral crystals measuring up to 300 μm in length. Electron-microprobe analysis of rüdlingerite from Fianel gave (in wt%): MnO 36.84, FeO 0.06, As2O5, 25.32, V2O5 28.05, SiO2 0.13, H2Ocalc 9.51, total 99.91. On the basis of 9 O anions per formula unit, the chemical formula of rüdlingerite is Mn1.97(V5+1.17 As0.83Si0.01)Σ2.01O7·2H2O. The main diffraction lines are [dobs in Å (Iobs) hkl]: 3.048 (100) 022, 5.34 (80) 120, 2.730 (60) 231, 2.206 (60) 16-1, 7.28 (50) 020, 2.344 (50) 250, 6.88 (40) 110, and 2.452 (40) 320. Study of the crystal structure showcases a monoclinic unit cell, space group P21/n, with a = 7.8289(2) Å, b = 14.5673(4) Å, c = 6.7011(2) Å, β = 93.773(2)°, V = 762.58(4) Å3, Z = 4. The crystal structure has been solved and refined to R1 = 0.041 on the basis of 3784 reflections with Fo > 4σ(F). It shows Mn2+ hosted in chains of octahedra that are subparallel to [-101] and bound together by pairs of tetrahedra hosted by V5+ and As5+, building up a framework. Additional linkage is provided by hydrogen-bonding through H2O coordinating Mn2+ at the octahedra. One tetrahedrally coordinated site is dominated by V5+, T(1)(V0.88As0.12), corresponding to an observed site scattering of 24.20 electrons per site (eps), whereas the second site is strongly dominated by As5+,T(2)(As0.74V0.26), with, accordingly, a higher observed site scattering of 30.40 eps. The new mineral has been approved by the IMA-CNMNC and named for Gottfried Rüdlinger (born 1919), a pioneer in the 1960–1980s, in the search and study of the small minerals from the Alpine manganese mineral deposits of Grisons.

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Sun, Xiaoyan, Yanling Zhou, Yinjing Tan, Zhaoxiang Wu, Ping Lu, Guohua Zhang, and Faxin Yu. "Restoration with pioneer plants changes soil properties and remodels the diversity and structure of bacterial communities in rhizosphere and bulk soil of copper mine tailings in Jiangxi Province, China." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 22 (May 25, 2018): 22106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2244-3.

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Porsani, Jorge Luís, Felipe Augusto Nascimento de Jesus, and Marcelo Cesar Stangari. "GPR Survey on an Iron Mining Area after the Collapse of the Tailings Dam I at the Córrego do Feijão Mine in Brumadinho-MG, Brazil." Remote Sensing 11, no. 7 (April 10, 2019): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11070860.

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This article shows the interesting results of a pioneer effort by IAG/USP researchers to use ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for humanitarian purposes, guiding the rescue of victims in the tragedy of Brumadinho. The tailings Dam I at the Córrego do Feijão iron ore mine, located in the Brumadinho complex, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, collapsed on 25 January 2019. About 11.7 million m3 of mining mud was spilled from the dam, burying bodies, equipment, structural buildings, buses, and cars along a length of 8.5 km up to the Paraopeba River. Additionally, the contaminated mud traveled more than 300 km along the bed of the Paraopeba River toward the São Francisco River. This work shows the results of a geophysical investigation using the GPR method 17 days after the event. To carry out the geophysical survey, an excavator was used for soil compaction. The data acquisition was performed on the tracks left by the excavator chain using SIR-4000 equipment and antennas of 200 and 270 MHz (GSSI). The GPR studies aimed to map bodies, structural buildings, and equipment buried in the mud. The location of the profiles followed preferably the edge of the slope due to the higher probability of finding buried bodies and objects. The GPR results allowed the detection of subsoil structures, such as concentrations of iron ore and accumulations of sand from the dam filter. The GPR was effective because the iron ore sludge in the mixing process became porous and the pores were filled with air, which provided penetration and reflection of the GPR electromagnetic waves up to a depth of 3.5 m. The results were surprising. Although no bodies or underground equipment were found, the results of this research served to eliminate the studied areas from future excavations, thus redirecting the rescue teams and optimizing the search process. These important results can serve as an additional motivation for the use of GPR in future humanitarian work in areas of tragedies.

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Andrade, Marcelo B., Daniel Atencio, Luiz A. D. Menezes Filho, and John Spratt. "Melcherite, trigonal Ba2Na2Mg[Nb6O19]·6H2O, the second natural hexaniobate, from Cajati, São Paulo, Brazil: Description and crystal structure." Mineralogical Magazine 82, no. 1 (February 2018): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2017.081.026.

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ABSTRACTMelcherite (IMA2015-018), ideally Ba2Na2Mg[Nb6O19]·6H2O, occurs as a vug mineral in the carbonatite of the Jacupiranga mine, Cajati county, São Paulo state, Brazil, associated with dolomite, calcite, magnetite, pyrrhotite, tochilinite, ‘pyrochlore’ and fluorapatite. This is also the type locality for zirkelite, quintinite, menezesite and pauloabibite. The mineral forms irregular, tabular crystals up to 200 µm in maximum dimension. Melcherite is transparent and displays a vitreous lustre; it is beige with a white streak. It is non-fluorescent. The mineral displays perfect cleavage on {001}. Chemical composition varies from Ba2Na2Mg[Nb6O19].6H2O to (BaK)(NaCa)Mg[Nb6O19].6H2O. Empirical formulae for the first and the second compositions are: (Ba1.75K0.19)Σ1.94(Na1.80Ca0.19)Σ1.99(Mg0.96Mn0.02Al0.02)Σ1.00Nb6.02O19.00·6H2O and (Ba0.99K1.00)Σ1.99(Na1.02Ca0.96)Σ1.98(Mg0.95Mn0.05)Σ1.00Nb6.02O19.00·6H2O, respectively. Data for a single crystal with the second composition are: trigonal, R$\bar 3$, a = 9.0117(6) Å, c = 23.3986(16) Å, V = 1645.64(19) Å3 and Z = 3. Calculated density for this formula is 3.733 g/cm3, and the calculated mean refractive index is 1.924. Melcherite is a hexaniobate that has structural layers parallel to the xy plane that stack along the c axis with simultaneous 1/3 [110] displacement so as to produce an R lattice. The melcherite structure is built by layers of [(Ba,K)(O,H2O)9] polyhedra and the [Nb6O19]8− super-octahedron (Lindqvist anion) interconnected by [(Na,Ca)O6] polyhedra. Cations of Mg2+ are bonded to six water molecules each and are not associated with Lindqvist oxygen ions. The mineral is named in honour of Geraldo Conrado Melcher (1924–2011), a pioneer in Jacupiranga carbonatite studies.

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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Professor Robin R. Murphy, Co-founder of the Field of Disaster Robotics and Founder of Roboticists Without Borders." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 45, no. 5 (August 20, 2018): 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-07-2018-0136.

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Purpose This paper is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry engineer-turned successful innovator and leader regarding the challenges of bringing technological discoveries to fruition. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is Dr Robin R. Murphy, Raytheon Professor of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University; Co-lead, Emergency Informatics EDGE Innovation Network Center, Texas A&M, Director of the Humanitarian Robotics and AI Laboratory and Vice President of the Center for Robot-Assisted Search and Rescue (CRASAR) http://crasar.org. In this interview, Dr Murphy provides answers to questions regarding her pioneering experiences in rescue robotics. Findings As a child, Dr Murphy knew she wanted to be a mechanical engineer and obtained her BME degree from Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech). While working in industry after her BME, she fell in love with computer science and received an MS and PhD in Computer Science at Georgia Tech where she was a Rockwell International Doctoral Fellow. In the mid-1990s, while teaching at the Colorado School of Mines, she pioneered rescue robots after one of her graduate students returned from the Oklahoma City bombing and suggested that small rescue robots should be developed for future disasters. The National Science Foundation awarded Murphy and her students the first grant for search-and-rescue robots. She has since assisted in responses at more than 20 worldwide disasters, including Hurricane Katrina, the Crandall Canyon Mine collapse, the Tohoku Tsunami and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident. Originality/value The response to the World Trade Center attacks after September 11, 2001 by Dr Murphy’s team from the University of South Florida (the only academic institution), along with four other teams brought together by CRASAR, marked the first recorded use of a rescue robot at a disaster site. In addition to being a founder in the field of rescue robots, she is also a founder in the field of human–robot interaction and the Roboticists Without Borders. She has written over 100 publications and three books: the best-selling textbook, Introduction to AI Robotics, Disaster Robotics and Robotics-Through-Science-Fiction: Artificial Intelligence Explained Six Classic Robot Short Stories. Dr Murphy has received approximately 20 national awards and honors including: the AUVSI’s Al Aube Outstanding Contributor Award, the Eugene L. Lawler Award for Humanitarian Contributions within Computer Science and Informatics, CMU Field Robotics Institute “Pioneer in Field Robotics” and TIME Magazine, Innovators in Artificial Intelligence. She is an IEEE Fellow.

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Kadish, Jessica. "Sigmund Freud: Pioneer of the Mind." Psychiatric Services 53, no. 3 (March 2002): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.53.3.355.

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Dvurechenskij, V. "Comparative geographic-genetic characteristics of soil formation based on accumulated phytomass in the soils of anthropogenic landscapes of Western Siberia forest steppe." Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature 8, no. 1 (2022): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2022-1-21-35.

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When studying the direction of soil formation in soils of anthropogenic landscapes of any natural zones and belts, one should always consider primarily biological processes, namely, synthesis, accumulation, mineralization and humification of organic matter. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the leading soil-forming biological processes in the anthropogenic landscapes of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia to determine and compare the soil-ecological status. The tasks were: to determine the soil composition of landscapes based on the morphological properties of soils; to estimate the total phytomass in different types of soils of anthropogenic landscapes and compare it with the phytomass of zonal soils; determine the leading biological processes occurring in soils. The research was based on comparative morphological, comparative genetic and comparative geographical methods. The article deals with soil-biological processes that occur in the anthropogenic landscapes of the forest-steppe. It was found that the soil cover is mosaic. In its composition, humusogenic technozems and all types of embryozems are morphologically determined. Each type of embryozems corresponds to a certain stage of development of phytocenoses: initial embryozems correspond to the stage with pioneer vegetation; organo-accumulative embryozems - a simple plant grouping; sod embryozems - a complex plant grouping; to humus-accumulative embryozems and humusogenic technozems - a closed phytocenosis. The total phyto-mass and its composition increases and becomes more diverse in the genetic series from initial and organo-accumulative embryozems to sod and humus-accumulative embryozems. Nevertheless, the total terrestrial phytomass of the most genetically developed humus-accumulative embryozems is below the zonal values. The leading biological processes in the embryozems of the initial stages of the formation of an ecosystem are the synthesis and accumulation of organic matter; in humus-accumulative embryozems and in humusogenic technozems, in addition to synthesis and accumulation, the rudiments of mineralization and humification processes are noted. The soil and ecological status has been established. On the dumps of the Bungur coal mine, it is satisfactory, since the soil cover contains humus-accumulative embryozems and humusogenic technozems. The soil-ecological status of the dumps of the Gorlovsk anthracite section is unsatisfactory.

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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Mel Torrie, Founder, CEO and President of Autonomous Solutions, Inc." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 45, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-11-2017-0199.

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Purpose The following paper is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry engineer-turned successful innovator and leader, regarding the challenges of bringing technological discoveries to fruition. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is Mel Torrie, CEO and President of Autonomous Solutions, Inc. (ASI). ASI manufactures an OEM/vendor independent software and hardware solution retrofitted to existing equipment to create a wide variety of fully autonomous vehicles spanning agriculture, mining, automotive, industrial cleaning, security and government/military applications. In this interview, Torrie shares how he first got started in the robotics field along with his experiences in running his ground-breaking startup. Findings In 1999, Torrie received a Master’s Degree in Electrical Engineering at Utah State University (USU) where he worked on two National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) space shuttle payloads. After his work at USU, he managed robotics development programs for John Deere, the US Department of Defense and the US Department of Energy. He founded ASI, a spin-off of the Center of Self Organizing and Intelligent Systems (CSOIS) at USU, in 2000. Originality/value Torrie was a pioneer and visionary who bootstrapped ASI from the beginning. Under Torrie’s leadership, ASI raised over $85m in a unique business model where there is no equity but only strategic partners. These foremost companies are given exclusive rights to their vertical market and jointly own their industry’s driverless vehicle’s intellectual property (IP) with ASI. The vehicles are developed and tested at ASI’s 100-acre proving ground facility in Utah. To date, ASI’s more than 100 employees and their business partners have automated 75 different vehicle types and ASI continues to create new markets. Some of ASI’s notable installations include the Bingham Canyon Mine clean-up effort; BatCat, the teleoperated CAT telehandler for the Los Angeles Police Department; and the robotic durability testing program with Ford Motors, Toyota, Fiat Chrysler Automotive, Hyundai, General Motors as well as other private proving grounds.

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Ghalia Mohamad Al- Besisi, Areej Abdul Rahman Al- Shamassi, Ghalia Mohamad Al Besisi, Areej Abdul Rahman Al Shamassi. "THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC PIONEER ON ACHIEVING ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION A FIELD STUDY ON MINISTRY OF ECONOMY AND PLANNING EMPLOYEESIN KINGDOM SAUDI ARABIA: دور الرِّيادة الاستراتيجية في تحقيق الابتكار التَّنظيمي دراسة ميدانية على موظفي وزارة الاقتصاد والتَّخطيط في المملكة العربية السعودية". مجلة العلوم الإقتصادية و الإدارية و القانونية 6, № 6 (28 лютого 2022): 64–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.l200921.

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The study aimed to identify the role of the dimensions of strategic Pioneer represented in (initiative, Pioneer mind, risk tolerance, flexibility, vision, growth) in achieving organizational innovation among the employees of the Ministry of Economy and Planning and knowledge of the level. Strategic Pioneer in the ministry, knowing the level of organizational innovation practice in the ministry, and knowing the trends of the sample members about the relationship between strategic Pioneer and organizational innovation due to demographic variables, the study problem was the question.: What is the role of strategic Pioneer in achieving organizational innovation? Strategic Pioneer and organizational innovation by studying together and practical by providing a scientific basis stemming from organizations wishing to apply the two concepts. An analytical questionnaire containing (61) items was designed as a tool for data collection, and the study population consisted of all 500 employees of the Ministry of Economy and Planning, and a simple random sample was selected from the study population, which numbered (150) employees, and the data was processed statistically using the two programs (SPSS). ) (AMOS). The results included: a statistically significant effect of risk tolerance (59.5%), which represents the largest proportion of the dimensions under study, followed by growth of (57.7%), then the succession of flexibility, pioneering mind, vision, and initiative. The study recommended a number of recommendations, including: giving the employee limits through which he can solve problems, as well as training courses that arise for employees. Pioneer skills development.

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Liu, Zhaojun, Yichong Li, Yongqin Ma, and Yanlin Tao. "Mine World, Mine Equity." BCP Business & Management 22 (July 15, 2022): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v22i.1216.

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As asteroid mining projects break through the technical barriers, more countries have the plan to become mining pioneers. However, the world currently does not have a complete policy to ensure that asteroid mining can benefit all of humanity. Therefore, exploring its fairness and normality needs to be on the agenda. AHP and EWM are used to construct a global fair distribution model that is more in line with "global interests." It is defined as "global fairness" from the perspectives of the same right to enjoy resources. Moreover, it also guarantees the interests of each country, which maximizes global interests and lays the foundation for the subsequent investigation of the impact of an asteroid mining plan on global fairness. Based on the foundation of the model, the fact is also considered that asteroid mining is currently in the early stage of research and development, which faces the situation of high investment risk and unpredictable returns. To mobilize the enthusiasm of the majority of countries, the different contributions of different countries need to be considered in the construction of the allocation model. Then, a multidimensional index analysis model is established through GRA, which redefines global equity from two dimensions of fairness and contribution.

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Fodstad, Harald, Bengt Ljunggren, and Kristian Kristiansen. "Vilhelm Magnus — pioneer neurosurgeon." Journal of Neurosurgery 73, no. 3 (September 1990): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1990.73.3.0317.

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✓ In parallel with but completely independent from Harvey Cushing, Norway had its own giant in the establishment of the special field of neurological surgery. Vilhelm Magnus (1871–1929), born in the United States in Fillmore County, Minnesota, was Norway's pioneering neurosurgeon. Following graduation in Oslo, he started his clinical training in neurology and became an early member of the small group of neurologists of the time who were dissatisfied with the therapeutic nihilism generally accepted in relation to diseases of the nervous system. After working with Victor Horsley, whom he held in high esteem, Magnus devoted himself to surgically treatable lesions in the nervous system. During a quarter of a century he single-handedly established the special field of neurological surgery in Norway. Magnus was a far-seeing and brilliant surgeon with a broad intellectual mind, a startling diligence, and wide research activities. He published his first scientific paper in 1899 and his total contribution to the literature amounted to 70 papers. In 1901 he was able to demonstrate the importance of the corpus luteum in the first 3 weeks of pregnancy. As early as 1903 Magnus manifested his interest in the surgical treatment of brain tumors. In 1926 his surgical material comprised 216 patients, with an 8% operative mortality rate among 161 cases of supratentorial tumor versus 17% for 55 cases of infratentorial tumors, including 14 cases of acoustic tumor. Vilhelm Magnus, who visited Harvey Cushing in 1928, has hitherto not been given the attention he merits.

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Roberts, Andrew C., Joel D. Grice, Robert A. Gault, Alan J. Criddle, and Richard C. Erd. "Hanawaltite, Hg1+6Hg2+[Cl,(OH)]2O3—A new mineral from the Clear Creek claim, San Benito County, California: Description and crystal structure." Powder Diffraction 11, no. 1 (March 1996): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600008915.

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Hanawaltite, ideally Hg1+6Hg2+O3Cl2, is orthorhombic, Pbma (57), with unit-cell parameters refined from powder data: a=11.790(3), b=13.881(4), c=6.450(2) Å, V=1055.7(6) Å3, a:b:c =0.8494:1:0.4647, Z=4. The strongest six lines of the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in Å (I)(hkl)] are: 5.25 (80)(111), 3.164 (60)(231), 3.053 (100)(041), 2.954 (70)(141), 2.681 (50)(401), and 2.411 (50)(232,341). The mineral is an extremely rare constituent in a small prospect pit near the long-abandoned Clear Creek mercury mine, New Idria district, San Benito County, California. It was found on a single-fracture surface where it is intimately associated with calomel, native mercury, cinnabar, montroydite, and quartz. Individual crystals are subhedral to anhedral, platy to somewhat bladed, and average about 50 μm in longest dimension. The largest known crystal is approximately 0.3×0.3 mm in size and is striated parallel [001]. Hanawaltite is opaque to translucent (on very thin edges), black to very dark brown–black in color, with a black to dark red–brown streak. Other physical properties include: metallic luster; cleavage {001} good; uneven fracture; brittle; nonfluorescent; H<5; calculated density (for the empirical formula) 9.51 g/cm3.In polished section, hanawaltite is moderately to strongly bireflectant and is pleochroic white (RI) to blue–white (R2). In reflected plane-polarized light, it is white with orange–red internal reflections in very thin grains and at grain margins. The anisotropy is strong with bright metallic blue rotation tints. Measured reflectance values, in air and in oil, are tabulated. Electron-microprobe analysis yielded Hg2O 82.46, HgO 14.27, Cl 3.33, H2O [0.34], sum [100.40], less O=Cl 0.75, total [99.65] wt. %, corresponding to Hg1+6.00Hg2+1.00 [Cl1.43(OH)0.57]Σ2.00O3.00, based on O+Cl=5. After the crystal structure was determined, the original microprobe value for Hg2O, 96.2, was partitioned in a ratio of 6Hg2O:HgO and (OH) was calculated, such that Cl+(OH)=2. The hanawaltite structure consists of undulatory [Hg–Hg]2+ ribbons which roughly parallel (100). The diatomic [Hg–Hg]2+ groups have anion tails which, in turn, serve as cross linkages between dimer ribbons through [Hg2+O2Cl2] planar rhombs. The structure is compared to that of other mercury oxychlorides and each is found to have its own unique structural features. This structural diversity is attributed to the inherent ability of mercury to adopt either metallic or ionic types of bonds. The mineral name honors the late Dr. J. D. (Don) Hanawalt (1903–1987), who was a pioneer in the field of X-ray powder diffraction.

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Jayadi, Akhmad, Try Susanto, and Faisal Dharma Adhinata. "Sistem Kendali Proporsional pada Robot Penghindar Halangan (Avoider) Pioneer P3-DX." Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Elektro 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mite.2021.v20i01.p05.

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Kemampuan dasar yang harus dimiliki oleh mobile robot adalah menghindari halangan, dengan dapatnya robot menghindari halangan, robot akan mampu melakukan tugas dengan baik tanpa harus menabrak halangan yang ada, karena dengan menabrak halangan akan membuat robot semakin lama menyelesaikan misi bahkan robot dapat mengalami disorientasi sikap, dengan diterapkannya sistem kendali pada robot penghindar halangan membuat robot dapat mengatasi halangan yang ada. Kendali proporsional merupakan kendali sederhana dan mudah digunakan pada mobile robot, dengan delapan sensor yang ada pada robot membuat robot lebih peka terhadap halangan yang ada di depannya sehingga digunakanlah mobile robot jenis Pioneer P3-DX dalam penelitian ini. Robot telah mampu melewati halangan yang ada dengan nilai Kp sebesar 2 dan kecepatan konstan sebesar 4 tanpa menabraknya.

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Reznitsky, A., and M. Chudakoff. "Pioneer: A Chess Program Modelling a Chess Master’s Mind." ICGA Journal 13, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/icg-1990-13403.

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