Дисертації з теми "Pig nutrition"
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Dwyer, Catherine M. "The effect of nutrition on muscle fibre number determination in the pig and guinea pig." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522195.
Повний текст джерелаMasvaure, Shingirai Moses. "Digestion of disulphide bonds of protein in the pig." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308301.
Повний текст джерелаThorne, P. J. "The use of copra meal in pig diets." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376414.
Повний текст джерелаMaghin, F. "NATURAL EXTRACTS IN ANIMAL NUTRITION: ANIMAL WELL¿BEING AND PRODUCTS QUALITY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/488996.
Повний текст джерелаKroscher, Kellie Ann. "Nutritional Strategies to Improve Pig Growth and Performance." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100306.
Повний текст джерелаDoctor of Philosophy
Muscle is an important tissue to consider when optimizing growing conditions in feed animals due to its function as a consumer good. Many factors influence the efficiency of muscle growth including genetics, nutrition, and environment. Fractional growth rates are highest during the neonatal period and animals require adequate nutrients to facilitate this growth. Nutrient restriction reduces growth rate and can lead to permanent changes the animals' body size and composition later in life. Therefore, optimal nutrition is important for maximizing the growth potential of the animal. While the nutrients in feed can be controlled to improve growth, other factors are more difficult to regulate. Heat stress is a prevalent problem in the agriculture industry resulting in great economic losses due to reduced growth, fertility, and increased morbidity. The use of functional feed additives is a potential strategy to alleviate these negative effects. The objective of this dissertation was to investigate nutritional strategies to improve growth in pigs during key malleable periods. Three nutritional studies were conducted to determine the optimal inclusion levels of calcium phosphate, energy, and protein in the diet to maximize neonatal muscle growth. Satellite cells are muscle-specific stem cells that help facilitate the growth of muscle. Altering the ability of satellite cells to proliferate and fuse impairs the ability of muscle to grow and repair. Adequate dietary calcium phosphate was most efficient for satellite cell function. Excess protein diets enhanced body and muscle growth, while deficient protein was detrimental to growth. Dietary protein treatments altered energy metabolism genes, and genes regulating protein degradation were upregulated in deficient protein diets. Dietary energy levels did not influence body weight, however, feed efficiency improved with energy balance. Satellite cells from excess energy diets had the lowest fusion rates. These data suggest that nutrient inclusion levels are important for satellite cell function and growth. The final study sought to discern the ability of the supplementation of an artificial high-intensity sweetener and capsicum oleoresin to mitigate the negative effects of heat stress on pig performance. Heat stress leads to increased body temperature and respiration and was detrimental to metabolic flexibility. Supplementation helped improve feed efficiency and maintain metabolic flexibility. These data indicate that supplementation may be an efficient strategy to mitigate heat stress.
Pulz, Lilian Martini. "The importance of the supplementation of zinc in nursey pig diets." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4525.
Повний текст джерелаThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 27, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
Touchette, Kevin James. "Use of spray-dried plasma in weaned pig diets /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9964005.
Повний текст джерелаPotkins, Z. V. "Dietary manipulation relative to gastro-intestinal disorders and nutrient utilization in the growing pig." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372729.
Повний текст джерелаRiley, Paul A. "Influence of diet, breed, and desaturase enzyme activity on porcine tissue fatty acid composition." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322649.
Повний текст джерелаChoi, Heesun 1954. "EFFECTS OF AGING ON NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277103.
Повний текст джерелаJohnston, Alexander Mackenzie. "The effect of biotin on the hoof horn of the pig and the horse." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309990.
Повний текст джерелаCampos, Villarroel Javier Americo. "Digestibility of legumes and grassy forages in guinea pig feeding." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5341.
Повний текст джерелаTRETOLA, MARCO. "FORMER FOODSTUFFS PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR PIG NUTRITION: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION, IMPACT ON GROWTH PERFORMANCES AND GUT HEALTH." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/609808.
Повний текст джерелаLivestock play a key role in food security, through food provision, agricultural production, and by providing employment and income. However, with the diminishing availability of farmland, climate change and the threat of declining water resources, the goal is to meet the growing demand for food and feed by using fewer resources. Exploiting alternative ingredients for livestock, feed could be one way of increasing livestock sustainability. This thesis focused on processed and ready-to-eat food products that are no longer suitable for human consumption due to logistical, manufacturing or packaging defects. Such products would normally go to a landfill yet actually have a high potential of being used as sustainable feed ingredients. The first part of this thesis investigated the chemical composition of six different former foodstuff products (FFPs). Based on the FFP composition data, the digestible energy and metabolisable energy values for pigs were estimated. In addition, the in vitro digestibility values of FFPs were evaluated using a multi-step enzymatic technique. The in vitro predicted glycaemic index and hydrolysis index of the same samples were examined using a two-step in vitro digestion assay. In the second part, the safety issues linked to the use of FFPs were investigated. FFP samples were thus analysed in relation to the microbial load and the presence of presumed remnants of packaging materials. For this purpose, two different methods were used: stereomicroscopy, according to published methods; and stereomicroscopy coupled with a computer vision system. The final part addressed the effects of a diet in which common cereal grains were partially replaced by FFPs in post weaning piglet diets. Specifically, pig growth performance and selected plasma biochemical variables were evaluated in twelve post-weaning piglets. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and the faecal microbiota were also characterized. When compared with common cereal grains used in pig feed formulations, FFPs can be considered a fortified version of cereals, with comparable in vitro digestibility values and with higher glycaemic and hydrolysis indexes, thus characterizing them as an excellent source of carbohydrates. All FFP samples were safe from a microbiological point of view, showing a limited microbial load and were always Salmonella free. Regarding the presumed remnants of packaging materials, the contamination level was always below the safety threshold set by German authorities, and the validated method demonstrated that packaging remnants were mainly from the 1-mm sieve mesh fraction. In order to find a more rapid and objective method for evaluating the packaging remnants, the innovative computer vision system was a rapid alternative for the detection of packaging remnants in ex-food samples when combined with a stereomicroscope. The in vivo study revealed that both in vitro and in vivo digestibility values were higher for the diet based on FFPs compared to the control diet. At the end of the experiment, no differences in growth performance were observed, however the plasma glucose increased in piglets fed FFPs compared to piglets fed the control diet, while the urea concentration decreased. The sequencing analysis of the variable regions V3 and V4 of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the use of FFPs in the post-weaning period decreased the bacterial richness and evenness in the large intestine. The unweighted beta diversity analysis also resulted in a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the taxa composition. The linear discriminant analysis of effect size also demonstrated an increased amount of Proteobacteria phylum and a decreased amount of Lactobacillales genus in the FFP compared to the control group. The results highlighted the potential of these alternative feed ingredients and their safe use in pig nutrition. This is essential for establishing the best scientific practices for the use of FFPs in animal nutrition and feeding. Given the increasing need to obtain a more sustainable livestock sector, research in animal sciences should focus not only on increasing the efficiency of the animal production chain but also on the efficiency of the entire food system in ensuring sustainable nutrition. By recognizing that former foodstuffs that are not suitable for human consumption are a resource for animal nutrition and not a waste product, food and feed industries could reduce the amount of waste sent to landfill or deposed-off every year, thus saving costs, and reducing the environmental impact of the food production chain.
Yount, Nannette Yquem. "The effect of dietary manipulation on fetal and maternal cholesterol metabolism in the guinea pig." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185620.
Повний текст джерелаLyvers, Peffer Pasha A. "Unraveling the pathway of lipid oxidation in the young pig: Assessment of hepatic â-oxidation and characterization of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I)." NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-09142004-195837/.
Повний текст джерелаJones, Cassandra Katherine. "Effects of dietary enzymes or specialty proteins on nursery pig performance." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1396.
Повний текст джерелаAVILA, MORALES GABRIELA DE LOS ANGELES. "NUTRITION AND IMMUNITY: MOLECULAR APPROACHES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2434/952952.
Повний текст джерелаThorpe, Jenny. "The effects of two in-feed protease enzymes on the digestibility of soya proteins in the early weaned pig." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302100.
Повний текст джерелаKumar, Anand. "Understanding the gut transcriptome responses to lactobacillus probiotics and investigating the impact of nutrition and rotavirus infection on the infant gut microbiome." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1447420961.
Повний текст джерелаIbrahim, Jamal Bachir Taher 1961. "The effects of dietary fat quality on cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in the guinea pig." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277312.
Повний текст джерелаHeid, Brent. "Financial feasibility of a 2500 sow weaned pig operation." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/766.
Повний текст джерелаRieger, Juliane [Verfasser]. "The Intestinal Mucosal Network in the Pig: A Histological View on Nutrition-Microbiota-Pathogen-Host-Interactions / Juliane Rieger." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1117028437/34.
Повний текст джерелаWildman, Robert E. C. "Studies of select trace element nutrition upon cardiac electrical, morphometrical and ultrastructural aspects of the rat and pig /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487856076412474.
Повний текст джерелаCronjé, Chantelle. "A comparison of in vitro quality parameters and digestibility between locally produced and imported soya oilcake meal destined for the South African pig industry." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73128.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Topigs, Evonik Africa (Pty) Ltd, Addesio
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
MSc
Unrestricted
Markham, Tamsyn Clare Williams. "The influence of maternal nutrition on skeletal muscle phenotype and gene expression in the offspring of the pig (Sus scrofa)." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519520.
Повний текст джерелаFurbeyre, Marie Hauteclaire. "Effets d'une supplémentation en Spiruline et en Chlorelle sur la croissance et la santé digestive du porcelet au sevrage." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSARB295/document.
Повний текст джерелаWeaning is a critical step in pig farms. Separation from the sow, change in the environment and dietary transition from liquid milk to a solid diet induces a destabilization of digestive and defense functions in weaned pig. Weaning leads to digestive disorders and growth alteration that often require antibiotic use to alleviate pathogen invasion and mortality. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a major concern for public health. Thus, it has become necessary to find new strategies to promote digestive health in weaned pigs. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the potential of two microalgae – Spirulina and Chlorella – as new functional ingredients to promote digestive health in piglets at weaningTwo trials were conducted in pigs weaned in contrasted sanitary conditions –good or poor–and that received 1% of Spirulina or Chlorella in starter diet. In good sanitary conditions, dietary supplementation with Spirulina and Chlorella both enhanced nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology but did not affect growth performance. In poor sanitary conditions, both Spirulina and Chlorella supplementation altered growth performance with slight effect on indicators of digestive health. In a third trial, oral administration of the two microalgae before and after weaning was assayed to evaluate the ability of Spirulina and Chlorella to limit the early intestinal changes caused by weaning. Spirulina administration before and after weaning enhanced growth in suckling piglets and reduced risk of diarrhoea outcome in weaned pigs. Potential mechanisms of action of Spirulin
Goehring, Devin Lynn. "The effects of dietary soybean hulls, wheat, crystalline amino acids and high protein corn dried distiller’s grains on nursery and/or finishing pig growth and carcass characteristics." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15878.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Jim Nelssen
Six experiments using 3,659 nursery and finishing pigs were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary soybean hulls and ingredient processing in corn-soybean meal or corn-soybean meal-DDGS diets on nursery and finishing performance. Experiment 1 tested increasing soybean hulls (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) and increasing soybean hulls decreased ADG and G:F. Experiment 2 evaluated increasing soybean hulls (0, 10, and 20%) in diets balanced or not for NE and showed reduced performance with increasing soybean hulls. Balancing for NE resulted in G:F similar to pigs fed the control. Experiments 3 and 4 evaluated increasing dietary soybean hulls in corn-soybean meal and corn-soybean meal-DDGS diets. Soybean hulls in either diet worsened G:F and improved caloric efficiency, suggesting current INRA (2004) values for soybean hulls underestimate their energy value. Experiment 5 evaluated 10 and 20% ground or unground soybean hulls in meal and pelleted diets. Caloric efficiency improved with high levels of soybean hulls. Pelleting improved ADG and eliminated negative effects on G:F with increasing soybean hulls, while grinding soybean hulls reduced performance. Experiment 6 tested increasing ground and unground soybean hulls (0, 7.5, and 15%). Increasing soybean hulls worsened G:F, carcass yield, and hot carcass weight. Grinding soybean hulls to finer particle sizes did not improve ADG and worsened G:F. Experiments 7 and 8 evaluated the replacement of corn with wheat and crystalline amino acids in nursery and finishing pig diets. Replacing 50% of corn with wheat did not affect growth performance in either nursery or finishing; however 100% replacement of corn with wheat reduced performance. In addition, feeding wheat improved carcass fat IV, while use of high levels of crystalline amino acids in wheat-based diets did not influence performance in either study. Experiment 9 evaluated the replacement of soybean meal with high-protein dried distiller’s grains with solubles and crystalline amino acids. High-protein DDGS and crystalline AA can replace 50% of the SBM in finishing diets without negatively affecting performance or carcass yield. Replacing 100% of SBM with high-protein DDGS reduced growth rate, but increasing crystalline AA levels can help mitigate negative effects on carcass yield and fat IV.
Groesbeck, Crystal Noel. "The effect of feed ingredients on feed manufacturing and growth performance of pigs." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/523.
Повний текст джерелаJames, Bradley William. "Effect of dietary L-carnitine on finishing pig growth performance, meat quality, and stress parameters during handling." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1438.
Повний текст джерелаFerrer, Riera Pablo. "Valorisation of Mediterranean agroindustrial by-products in pig production as feed and anaerobic co-digestion of slurry." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/171747.
Повний текст джерела[ES] Actualmente, la sostenibilidad del sector porcino depende de su capacidad para responder a la elevada demanda de productos ganaderos derivada del crecimiento de la población, adaptándose a los cambios en los contextos económico y político, y mejorando su rendimiento medioambiental mediante la mitigación de su impacto ambiental. En este contexto, el uso de subproductos agroindustriales ofrece materias primas alternativas en producción animal, con una menor carga ambiental asociada, en forma de piensos para el ganado, fuente de compuestos bioactivos o materias primas útiles en la producción de bioenergía. Esta tesis doctoral pretende evaluar el uso de subproductos agroindustriales mediterráneos como ingredientes en piensos para el ganado porcino o como co-substratos para la producción de biogás. Con este objetivo, se diseñaron y realizaron cuatro ensayos para evaluar el uso de subproductos de la industria del aceite de oliva y del zumo de naranja en alimentación porcina, evaluando su valor nutricional y las consecuencias de su inclusión sobre el rendimiento y la salud de los animales, la calidad del producto final y las emisiones de gases de los purines. Además, se realizó un ensayo para evaluar el efecto de cuatro sustratos agrícolas sobre el potencial bioquímico de metano (BMP) en co-digestión anaerobia con purines. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de los ensayos de valor nutricional indican que las tortas de aceituna y las pulpas de naranja ensayadas pueden ser incluidas en la dieta con cambios asociados en la excreción de nutrientes que conducen a modificaciones en las emisiones potenciales de amoníaco y BMP de los purines. En cuanto a los subproductos de la torta de aceituna, el ensayo de valor nutricional con tortas de aceituna crudas (COC) y parcialmente desgrasadas (PDOC) mostró que ambas tortas son fuentes apreciables de fibra insoluble, pero tienen un valor energético limitado (11.2 y 7.4 MJ/kg MS para COC y PDOC respectivamente) y un bajo valor como fuente de proteínas. En cambio, las pulpas de naranja deshidratadas (DOP) y ensilada secada al sol (ESDOP) ensayadas son una fuente de energía relevante (14.2 y 13.2 MJ/kg MS para DOP y ESDOP respectivamente) con valor añadido debido a su contenido en fibra soluble. En los ensayos de emisiones in vitro, los subproductos ensayados generaron una disminución en la excreción de N en la orina y, en el caso de la pulpa de aceituna, un aumento de la excreción de materia seca en heces. La emisión de amoniaco por kg de purín disminuyó con la inclusión de torta de aceituna y pulpa de naranja, mientras que el BMP por animal y día se vio negativamente afectado por la inclusión de torta de aceituna obteniendo un mayor BMP con estos subproductos. En cuanto a los ensayos de rendimientos productivos, la PDOC y la DOP pueden incluirse en la dieta hasta 120 y 240 g/kg respectivamente, sin efectos negativos en el caso de la PDOC y efectos menores para la DOP sobre los rendimientos productivos, la composición corporal y la calidad de la canal. La inclusión de PDOC y DOP no afectó a los recuentos microbianos ni al volumen, la composición y la emisión global de gases de los purines. Además, se observaron efectos beneficiosos sobre la grasa subcutánea con la inclusión de PDOC, mejorando su concentración en ácido oleico. La co-digestión anaerobia de subproductos agrícolas y purines mejora el BMP de la mezcla de sustratos en comparación con la digestión única de purines. Se obtuvieron mayores valores de BMP con la adición de los sustratos agrícolas, lo que confirma el mejor rendimiento de los sistemas en co-digestión a niveles de inclusión adecuados. Las combinaciones con tomate, pimiento y melocotón al nivel de inclusión 3 (50% de SV) alcanzaron el mayor BMP. Esto supuso un incremento del BMP del 41% con tomate, 44% con pimiento, 28% con melocotón y 12% con caqui. Los sustratos vegetales mostraron un mayor contenido en lípidos, prote
[CAT Actualment, la sostenibilitat del sector porcí depèn de la seua capacitat per a respondre a l'elevada demanda de productes ramaders derivada del creixement de la població, adaptant-se als canvis en els contextos econòmic i polític, i millorant el seu rendiment mediambiental mitjançant la mitigació del seu impacte ambiental. En aquest context, l'ús de subproductes agroindustrials ofereix matèries primeres alternatives en producció animal, amb una menor càrrega ambiental associada, en forma de pinsos per al bestiar, font de compostos bioactius o matèries primeres útils en la producció de bioenergia. Aquesta tesi doctoral pretén avaluar l'ús de subproductes agroindustrials mediterranis com a ingredients en pinsos per al bestiar porcí o com co-substrats per a la producció de biogàs. Amb aquest objectiu, es van dissenyar i realitzar quatre assajos per a avaluar l'ús de subproductes de la indústria de l'oli d'oliva i del suc de taronja en alimentació porcina, avaluant el seu valor nutricional i les conseqüències de la seua inclusió sobre el rendiment i la salut dels animals, la qualitat del producte final i les emissions de gasos dels purins. A més, es va realitzar un assaig per a avaluar l'efecte de quatre substrats agrícoles sobre el potencial bioquímic de metà (BMP) en co-digestió anaeròbia amb purins. Els resultats obtinguts a partir dels assajos de valor nutricional indiquen que les trotes d'oliva i les polpes de taronja assajades poden ser incloses en la dieta amb canvis associats en l'excreció de nutrients que condueixen a modificacions en les emissions potencials d'amoníac i BMP dels purins. Quant als subproductes de la torta d'oliva, l'assaig de valor nutricional amb tortes d'oliva crues (COC) i parcialment desengreixades (PDOC) va mostrar que totes dues coques són fonts apreciables de fibra insoluble, però tenen un valor energètic limitat (11.2 i 7.4 MJ/kg MS per a COC i PDOC respectivament) i un baix valor com a font de proteïnes. En canvi, les polpes de taronja deshidratades (DOP) i ensitjada assecada al sol (ESDOP) assajades són una font d'energia rellevant (14.2 i 13.2 MJ/kg MS per a DOP i ESDOP respectivament) amb valor afegit a causa del seu contingut en fibra soluble. Pel que fa als assajos d'emissions in vitro, els subproductes assajats van generar una disminució en l'excreció de N en l'orina i, en el cas de la polpa d'oliva, un augment de l'excreció de matèria seca en femtes. L'emissió d'amoníac per kg de purí va disminuir amb la inclusió de torta d'oliva i polpa de taronja, mentre que el BMP per animal i dia es va veure negativament afectat per la inclusió de torta d'oliva obtenint un major BMP amb aquests subproductes. Quant als assajos de rendiments productius, la PDOC i la DOP poden incloure's en la dieta fins a 120 i 240 g/kg respectivament, sense efectes negatius en el cas de la PDOC i efectes menors per a la DOP sobre els rendiments productius, la composició corporal i la qualitat de la canal. La inclusió de PDOC i DOP no va afectar els recomptes microbians ni al volum, la composició i l'emissió global de gasos dels purins. A més, es van observar efectes beneficiosos sobre el greix subcutani amb la inclusió de PDOC, millorant la seua concentració en àcid oleic. La co-digestió anaeròbia de subproductes agrícoles i purins millora el BMP de la mescla de substrats en comparació amb la digestió única de purins. Es van obtenir majors valors de BMP amb l'addició dels substrats agrícoles, la qual cosa confirma el millor rendiment dels sistemes en co-digestió a nivells d'inclusió adequats. Les combinacions amb tomaca, pimentó i bresquilla al nivell d'inclusió 3 (50% de SV) van aconseguir el major BMP. Això va suposar un increment del BMP del 41% amb tomaca, 44% amb pimentó, 28% amb bresquilla i 12% amb caqui. Els substrats vegetals van mostrar un major contingut en lípids, proteïnes, lignina i cel·lulosa que els substrats de fruita.
[EN] Nowadays the sustainability of the pig sector relies on its capability to respond to the increasing demands for livestock products that are arising from population growth, adapting to changes in the economic and policy contexts, and improving its environmental performance through the mitigation of its impact on climate. In this framework, the use of the agro-industrial by-products offers potential alternative raw materials for animal production with a lower associated environmental burden in the form of feedstuffs for livestock, source of bioactive compounds or raw materials useful in bioenergy production. This PhD thesis aims to evaluate the use of Mediterranean agro-industrial by-products as feed ingredients for pigs or co-substrates for biogas production. To fulfil these objectives, four trials were designed and conducted to evaluate the use of olive oil and orange juice industry by-products in swine nutrition, assessing its nutritional value and the consequences of its inclusion in the diet on animals' performance and health, final product quality traits and gas emissions associated to the pig slurry. Additionally, one more trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of four agricultural substrates (tomato, pepper, peach and kaki) on the biochemical methane potential (BMP) in anaerobic co-digestion with pig slurry, focusing on the type of substrate and its inclusion level on the final substrate's mixture. The results presented in this PhD Thesis from the nutritional value assays indicate that the olive cakes and orange pulps tested can be potentially included in pig diets with associated changes in urine and faeces nutrients excretion that leads to modifications in the potential ammonia and BMP emissions from slurries. Concerning olive cake by-products, the nutritional value assay designed to test the crude (COC) and partially defatted (PDOC) olive cakes showed that they are appreciable sources of insoluble fibre but have limited energy value (11.2 and 7.4 MJ/kg DM for COC and PDOC respectively) and a low value as protein source. On the contrary, the dehydrated (DOP) and ensiled sun-dried (ESDOP) orange pulps tested are a relevant energy source (14.2 and 13.2 MJ/kg DM for DOP and ESDOP respectively) with added value in terms of SF concentration. With respect to the in vitro potential ammonia and BMP emissions assays, the by-products tested led to a decreased N excretion in urine and, in the case of the OC, increased DM excretion in faeces. The ammonia emission per kg of slurry decreased with the inclusion of olive cake and orange pulp, whereas the BMP per animal and per day was negatively affected by the inclusion of olive cake obtaining higher BMP with these by-products. Regarding the performance assays, the PDOC and the DOP may be included in balanced pig diets at rates of up to 120 and 240 g/kg respectively, without negative effects in the case of PDOC and minor effects for DOC on growth performance, body composition and carcass quality traits. Contrary to what was expected, the inclusion of PDOC and DOP did not affect microbial counts nor excreta volume, composition and global gas emission from the slurry. Additionally, beneficial effects on subcutaneous fat were observed with the inclusion of PDOC, improving its oleic acid concentration. The anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural by-products and pig slurry improves the BMP from the mixture compared to only pig slurry anaerobic digestion. Higher BMP values were obtained with increasing addition of agricultural substrate, confirming the better performance of co-digestion systems at adequate inclusion levels. In fact, combinations with tomato, pepper and peach at inclusion level 3 (50% of VS) achieved the highest BMP. This resulted in an increase in BMP of 41% with tomato, 44% with pepper, 28% with peach and 12% with kaki. Vegetable substrates (pepper and tomato) showed higher lipid, protein, lignin and cellulose content than fruit substrates (kaki and peach).
Ferrer Riera, P. (2021). Valorisation of Mediterranean agroindustrial by-products in pig production as feed and anaerobic co-digestion of slurry [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/171747
TESIS
Compendio
Hernandez, Gabriella Veronica, Victoria Alice Smith, Morgan Coffin, Daniel Columbus, Matthew Burd, Kimberly Sprayberry, Mark Edwards, et al. "Development of a Pediatric Model of Nafld in Neonatal Iberian Pigs." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2097.
Повний текст джерелаKwasiborski, Anthony. "PROTEOME ET TRANSCRIPTOME DU MUSCLE LONGISSIMUS LUMBORUM DE PORC : INFLUENCE DU MODE D'ELEVAGE, DE L'ORIGINE GENETIQUE ET DU SEXE. RELATIONS AVEC LES QUALITES DES VIANDES ANTHONY KWASIBORSKI." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00728366.
Повний текст джерелаFigueiredo, Adriana Nogueira. "O ovo em pó na alimentação de leitões recém-desmamados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-28102002-173650/.
Повний текст джерелаTwo experiments were carried out to determine the chemical composition, nutrients digestibility and digestible energy and protein of spray-dried egg (OP) and to study the performance and plasma and blood components of weanling pigs fed a diets containing OP. In Experiment I, eight Landrace x Large White crossbred pigs (four barrows and four gilts), averaging 15.9 kg live weight were used for digestibility assay. The animals were assigned to two treatments and four replications/treatment. The treatments consisted of the basal diet and test diet (70% of basal diet + 30% of OP) The method was the partial faeces collection, using 0.5% of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) in the diet as fecal marker. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein and crude fat were, respectivily, 87.18, 80.76, 81.99 and 70.54%. From these results of apparent digestibility coeficients and the values of crude protein (56.53%) and gross energy (5,897 kcal/kg) resulted in 43.91% of digestible protein and 5,139 kcal/kg of digestible energy for OP. In Experiment II, ninety Landrace x Large White crossbred pigs (barrows and gilts) were weaned at 24 days of age with 5,6 kg live weight. The experimental period was divided in two phases, 1 to 14 days and 15 to 28 days post-weaning. The treatments consisted of five dietary levels of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of substitution of plasma protein for OP protein. Pigs were alloted in a randomized block design with nine replications per treatment and two pigs per experimental unit (pen). Pigs were weighed and the data of feed intake per pen were registered every week. Pig performance data such as average daily gain (GDP), daily feed intake (CDR) and feed conversion (CA) were analyzed by polynomial regression. No treatment effects (P > 0.05) were observed on performance for 1-14 day post-weaning phase. For the 15-28 phase and for the total period, linear reductions (P < 0.01) of GDP and CDR, were observed with increased dietary OP levels. No treatment effects (P > 0.05) were observed on plasma and blood components. Therefore, it can be conclued that the spray-dried egg can completely replace plasma without affecting the performance of pigs during 1-14 day post-weaning phase. For the 15-28 day phase and total period, added OP levels showed a depressive effect on pig performance. The plasma and blood components were not affected by the inclusion of spray-dried egg.
Castro, Davi Elias de Sá e. "Coproduto desidratado de mandioca na alimentação de leitões na fase inicial." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1592.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The objective of this research was to evaluate the nutritional value of Cassava Dehydrated Coproduct (CDC) and its effects on performance and blood variables of piglets fed different levels of CDC. In the first experiment, the digestible e test was carried out and 30 hybrid pigs averaging 18 (0.673) kg of initial weight (IW) were individually housed in metabolic cages and distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with five treatments, 6 replicates and one animal per experimental unit. A basal diet was formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of the category and different levels of CDM (6, 12, 18 and 24%) were used to replace the reference diet, making the treatments. In the second experiment 120 piglets (60 males and 60 females) with initial weight of 13.05 (1.59) kg and final average weight of 26.03 (3.46) kg were distributed in experimental design of randomized blocks, with five treatments, six replicates and four animals per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of five diets with increasing levels of inclusion (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12%) of CDC. The corn and soybean meal based feed was formulated to meet the requirements for pigs in the initial phase. Data were subjected to statistical analysis and to present significant differences, the averages were compared by Dunnet test at 10% significance level. The digestibility assay revealed values of digestible energy and metabolizable energy of 3022 and 2984 kcal kg-1, respectively, in the natural matter of CDC. There was no effect (P>0.10) of CDC inclusion levels on final weight and average daily gain, however there was effect (P<0.10) of CDC levels on daily feed intake and feed conversion. The use of the CDC can be an alternative of energy source to feed piglets in the initial phase, and the inclusion of 2.56% of coproduct promoted maximum feed intake
Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar o valor nutricional do Coproduto Desidratado de Mandioca (CDM) e seus efeitos no desempenho e nas variáveis sanguíneas de leitões alimentados com diferentes níveis do coproduto desidratado de mandioca. No experimento I, realizou-se um ensaio de digestibilidade e foram utilizados 30 leitões híbridos com média de 18,00 (0,673) kg de peso inicial (PI), alojados individualmente em gaiolas de metabolismo, e distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos, 6 repetições e um animal por unidade experimental. Uma ração referência foi formulada para atender as exigências nutricionais da categoria e diferentes níveis do CDM (6, 12, 18 e 24%) foram utilizados para substituir a ração referência, compondo os tratamentos. No experimento II foram utilizados 120 leitões (60 machos inteiros e 60 fêmeas) com peso vivo inicial de 13,05 (1,59) kg e peso médio final de 26,03 (3,46) kg, distribuídos em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com 5 tratamentos, 6 repetições e 4 animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco rações com níveis crescentes de inclusão (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12%) do Coproduto Desidratado da Mandioca (CDM). As rações à base de milho e farelo de soja foram formuladas para atender ao recomendado para suínos na fase inicial. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística e, ao apresentar diferença significativa, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Dunnet a 10% de significância. No ensaio de digestibilidade, foram encontrados os valores de Energia Digestível e Energia Metabolizável do CDM de 3022 e 2984 kcal kg-1 na matéria natural, respectivamente. Não houve efeito (P>0,10) de níveis de inclusão de CDM sobre o peso final e ganho diário de peso, no entanto observou-se efeito (P<0,10) dos níveis de CDM sobre o consumo diário de ração e conversão alimentar. O uso do coproduto desidratado de mandioca pode ser uma alternativa energética para rações de leitões na fase inicial, sendo que a inclusão de 2,56% deste coproduto promoveu o máximo consumo de ração
Tedó, Pérez Maria Gemma. "The umami taste in pigs: L-amino acid preferences and in vitro recognition by the receptor dimer pT1r1/pT1r3 expressed in porcine taste and non-taste tissues." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5716.
Повний текст джерелаChapter 1 describes a new methodology of DOCH testing to evaluate preferences, consumption and appetence in fed pigs for amino acid solutions (D,L-Met, Gly, L-Ala, L-Gln, L-Glu, L-Lys, L-Thre, L-Trp and MSG) at different concentrations (0.5, 5, 50 and 500mM). This methodology includes a preliminary training period (10¬minute at 9am and 12pm) based on an operant conditioning procedure using sucrose at 500mM as a reward before test sessions (2-minute at 9am and 12pm). Two models were developed where animals were maintained individually (individual model) or in pairs (pair model) during training (4 and 2 days, respectively) and test sessions. Social isolation and novelty are two important factors of stress that could influence pig learning capacity for DOCH testing, therefore, behavioural and total test consumption parameters were used as criteria for the exclusion of animals in testing sessions. The results showed that the pair model developed in this work may be more appropriate than previous models to study pig preferences and appetence for amino acid solutions or other nutrients. Weaned pigs under a fed-status were able to discriminate solutions of amino acids except when those were offered at 0.5mM. In general, piglets showed significant preferences for non-essential amino acids with a higher appetence for potential umami tastants at high concentrations (MSG, L-Glu and L-Gln). However, this taste response changed with essential amino acids, resulting in significant aversions at high concentrations (L-Trp, L-Thr).
Chapter 2 presents, after the identification and characterization of the porcine umami taste receptor (pT1r1/pT1r3), an in vitro tool based on a cell culture that expresses the heterodimer to identify Gly and L-amino acids as umami tastants at different concentrations (0.5, 5 and 50mM) in pigs. This cell system showed significant responses to MSG, L-Glu, L-Gln, L-Ala, L-Asn and Gly at all tested concentrations. Moreover, our in vivo data (Chapter 1) was significantly correlated with our in vitro results meaning that umami agonists are highly preferred by pigs.
Chapter 3 studies the expression of the porcine umami taste receptor genes, pTas1r1 and pTas1r3, in different taste (tongue's fungiform and circumvallate papillae) and non-taste tissues from the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and liver) of pigs of different sex (male and female) and ages (birth, preweaning- 26d old-, 48h after weaning -28d old- and 20d postweaning -46d old-) and with different levels of dietary crude protein in their postweaning diet (high-crude protein -26%, HCP-, low crude protein-17%- with -SAA- and without -LCP- essential amino acid supplementation). Both genes were more expressed in tongue and stomach, followed by small intestine and liver. Significant changes in gene expression were observed with age, sex and dietary crude protein content and the main changes occurred after weaning, with more expression in males than in females and in the LCP group that in the other two groups.
It is concluded that pigs sense some amino acids as umami tastants that generate a pleasant stimulus. The umami tastants are sensed through the heterodimer receptor pT1r1/pT1r3, which is expressed in taste buds in the tongue and in non-taste tissues along the gastrointestinal tract. Changes in pTas1r1/pTas1r3 gene expression may reflect the nutritional status of the animal and a better understanding of the mechanism will help to develop new strategies (such as the use of umami ligands to stimulate their voluntary feed intake) for improving the adaptation of piglets to the postweaning period.
Ceron, Marcos Speroni. "EXIGÊNCIAS DE MANUTENÇÃO E EFICIÊNCIA DE DEPÓSIÇÃO DE LISINA E TREONINA PARA SUÍNOS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10817.
Повний текст джерелаTwo experiments were performed in order to determine the maintenance requirements and marginal efficiency of utilization of the amino acids lysine and threonine, through the nitrogen balance technique. It was used 12 castrated pigs, on each experiment, with an average weight of 52 ± 2 kg (experiment with lysine) and 72 ± 2 kg (experiment with threonine) were kept in metabolism crates in temperature-controlled room of 22 ± 3°C. The pigs were distributed in four diets formulated to supply 30, 50, 60 and 70% of expected standardized digestible lysine requirements and supply 30, 45, 60 and 70% of expected standardized digestible threonine requirements using a changeover design with two periods (seven to adaptation and five collection). All of other essential amino acids were furnished at a minimum of 15% excess level relative to the level of amino acid test. The feed was provided to cover 2.6 times the metabolizable energy requirements needed to maintenance with a daily adjustment according to the expected gain of 0.8 kilograms. The lysine experiment there was no difference (P> 0.00) in dry matter intake (DMI) and metabolizable energy intake (MEI) between treatments. Already in the experiment threonine significant difference was observed of DMI and MEI between treatments. In lysine experiment the amount nitrogen excreted represents on average 46% of the nitrogen ingested with 35% of the nitrogen excreted in feces and 65% in urine. As in lysine experiment the amount nitrogen excreted represents on average 43% of the nitrogen ingested with 35 and 60% of the nitrogen excreted in feces and urine, respectively. The total losses were lysine and threonine 36.4 and 46.3 mg kg-1 BW0.75, respectively, resulting in lysine maintenance requirements of 40.4 mg kg-1 BW0.75 and threonine maintenance requirements of 62.2 mg kg-1 BW0.75. In our experiment the marginal efficiency of lysine and threonine utilization was 90 and 74%, respectively, meaning that 10% of lysine and 26% of intake of standardized threonine was not recovered in the body protein.
Dois experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de determinar a exigência de manutenção e eficiência marginal de utilização para deposição de proteína dos aminoácidos lisina e treonina, através da técnica de balanço de nitrogênio. Foram utilizados 12 suínos castrados, em cada um dos experimentos, com peso vivo médio de 52 ± 2 kg (experimento lisina) e 72 ± 2 kg (experimento treonina). Os animais foram alojados em gaiolas metabólicas, mantidos em sala climatizada com temperatura de 22 ± 3°C. O delineamento experimental foi um changeover constituído de quatro dietas elaboradas para atender 30, 50, 60 e 70% das exigências nutricionais de lisina digestível estandardizada e 30, 45, 60 e 70% das exigências nutricionais de treonina digestível estandardizada. A quantidade ração fornecida foi calculada para suprir 2,6 vezes à energia metabolizável de manutenção. Os demais aminoácidos foram adicionados às dietas para atingir a proporção de, no mínimo, 15% de suas exigências expressas em relação ao aminoácido teste. Os animais foram alimentados quatro vezes ao dia, com um ajuste diário no consumo de ração de acordo com uma taxa de ganho médio diária de 0,8 kg de peso vivo. Os experimentos foram divididos em dois períodos experimentais consecutivos (sete dias de adaptação e cinco dias de coleta). No experimento de lisina não houve diferença significativa da matéria seca ingerida (MSI) e energia metabolizável ingerida (EMI) entre os diferentes níveis de lisina na ração. Já no experimento de treonina observou-se diferença significativa da MSI e EMI entre os tratamentos. No experimento de lisina o nitrogênio excretado representou, em média, 46% do nitrogênio ingerido, sendo que 35% desse nitrogênio excretado foi eliminado pelas fezes e o restante (65%) na urina. No experimento de treonina o nitrogênio excretado representou, em média, 43% do nitrogênio ingerido, sendo que 35 e 65% desse nitrogênio excretado foi eliminado pelas fezes e urina, respectivamente. As perdas totais de lisina e treonina foram de 36,4 e 46,3 mg kg-1 PV0,75, respectivamente, resultando na exigência diária para manutenção de 40,4 mg kg-1 PV0,75 de lisina e 62,2 mg kg-1 PV0,75 de treonina. Em nossos experimentos a eficiência marginal de utilização de lisina e treonina foram de 90 e 74%, respectivamente, ou seja, 10% da lisina e 26% da treonina estandardizada ingerida não foram recuperadas nas proteínas corporais.
Dinis, João Vitor Barrau Mendes Ferreira. "Estratégias nutricionais na prevenção de doenças digestivas dos suínos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2573.
Повний текст джерелаDepois da proibição do uso de promotores de crescimento em produção animal pela União Europeia em 2003, a suinicultura deparou-se com uma série de doenças que anteriormente estavam suprimidas, nomeadamente a nível do tracto gastrointestinal, devido à incorporação consecutiva de promotores de crescimento, ou seja, antibióticos nos alimentos compostos. Os actuais sistemas de produção de suínos têm um impacto importante nas funções, na integridade e na saúde do seu tubo digestivo, havendo uma diversidade de factores que a podem prejudicar, nomeadamente nutricionais. O uso de determinadas estratégias, tanto a nível das características do alimento como a nível do sistema de alimentação das explorações, permitem diminuir ou até mesmo prevenir o impacto das doenças mais importantes do tubo digestivo dos suínos. A microbiota intestinal desempenha um papel fulcral na sua protecção e na função digestiva e de absorção, estando a constituição das populações microbianas da microflora gastrointestinal dependentes das características do alimento e da incorporação de aditivos que, geralmente, têm como objectivo modular estas populações. Os transtornos gastrointestinais também podem ser prevenidos através da forma como os animais são alimentados, estando a alimentação líquida aplicada em produção intensiva de suínos a mostrar resultados promissores. A finalidade deste trabalho é conhecer de que forma é possível, através da alimentação dos suínos, diminuir ou prevenir o impacto das doenças gastrointestinais mais importantes em suinicultura. Também foi realizado uma análise descritiva de dados recolhidos resultantes de uma prova comercial de rações, numa exploração de suínos clássico, e de dados anuais de uma exploração de suínos ibéricos, alimentados com sistema de alimentação líquida. Em ambos os casos, os dados sugerem um impacto da nutrição na saúde do tracto gastrointestinal dos suínos, assim como nas suas performances produtivas. Em relação à fase de recria, os leitões da exploração de suínos clássicos demonstraram superioridade produtiva em relação aos leitões da exploração de suínos ibéricos.
ABSTRACT - Nutritional strategies in the prevention of pig pig´s digestive disease - Since the use of antibiotics as growth promoters by the European Union was abolished in 2003, pig production faced several constrains related to diseases, mainly at the gastrointestinal level, which were suppressed by the consecutive incorporation of antibiotics in feed. There are a diversity of factors in the actual pig production systems, namely nutritional, that have an important impact in the function and health integrity of the pig digestive tract. The use of specific strategies concerning the characteristics of the diet and the feeding system used at the farm, allow to diminish or even prevent the impact of the most important pig’s digestive tract disorders. The intestinal microbiota seems to play a crucial role in the gastrointestinal function and protection, while the population of bacteria of the microbiota depend of the characteristics of the feed, and the presence of additives that generally have a modulatory effect on microbial growth. The way the animals are fed, and particularly Liquid Feed applied to intensive pig production, is showing promising results in preventing gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this work is to understand how, through pig diet´s, is possible to decrease or prevent the impact of the most important pig’s gastrointestinal diseases. Based in data collected at a comercial feed trial in a classical pig farm, and from annual data collected at an iberian pig farm, whith a liquid feeding system, a descriptive analysis was made. In both cases, the analysis suggest an impact of nutrition in the pig´s gastrointestinal health, as well as in their productive performances. As for the growing phase, the piglets from the classical pig farm revealed productive superiority to the piglets from the iberian pig farm.
Campbell, Jenny A. "The role of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid in the alteration of hepatic fuel utilization throughout the perinatal period of the pig." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1233333939.
Повний текст джерелаJacela, Jay Yanoria. "Effects of porcine circovirus type 2 vaccination, biofuel co-products, and dietary enzymes on finishing pig performance under field conditions." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2216.
Повний текст джерелаFeoli, Carolina. "Use of corn- and sorghum-based distillers dried grains with solubles in diets for nursery and finishing pigs." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1022.
Повний текст джерелаMadzimure, James. "Climate change adaptation and economic valuation of local pig genetic resources in communal production systems of South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/427.
Повний текст джерелаBatista, Rubens Mauro. "Lisina digestível para suínos machos castrados de alta deposição de carne submetidos a estresse por calor dos 30 aos 60 kg." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2008. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5620.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study was conducted to evaluate levels of digestible lysine for barrows during the growth phase, from 30 to 60 kg, maintained under stress by heat. We used 140 animals, and 70 animals to experiment with temperature of 30ºC and 70 to experiment with temperature of 34ºC. In both experiments, the animals were divided into experimental in a randomized block design, with five levels of digestible lysine (0.83, 0.93, 1.03, 1.13 and 1.23%), and seven replicates. The experimental diets and water were provided ad libitum and the experimental period was 32 days in the environment of 30ºC and 37 days in the environment of 34ºC. The temperatures recorded in the interior of the building during both experiments, environment, characterized by heat stress to the animals under study. There was a quadratic effect of levels of digestible lysine on the daily weight gain (GPD) of the animals kept at room temperature 30ºC, which increased by the estimated level of 1.04%, while the GPD of animals that were kept at room temperature of 34ºC was not influenced by levels of lysine. It was noted that livestock kept GPD of the environment of 34ºC were on average 13.4% lower than those observed in animals kept in the environment to 30ºC. The daily consumption of diet (CDR), regardless of the temperature at which the animals were kept, was not influenced by levels of digestible lysine in the diet, the figures obtained from the animals kept at 34ºC were on average 8.7% lower than those observed we kept at 30ºC. The daily consumption of lysine (CDL) of the animals kept at 30 and 34ºC increased linearly in accordance with the levels of the dietary lysine. The daily consumption of lysine of animals kept in the environment of 34ºC was on average 9.5% lower than those in the environment of 30ºC. In the environment of 30ºC, feed conversion (FC) ranged from a quadratic, improving to the estimated level of 1.07% lysine, while the environment of 34ºC, was not influenced by levels of lysine. In both ambient temperatures, levels of lysine influenced the efficiency of lysine (EULG) for weight gain, which reduced in a linear fashion, with 4.4% in the worsening of environment with higher temperature (34ºC). The level of digestible lysine in the ration influenced the deposition of protein (PA) in the carcass of animals kept in the environment with a temperature of 30ºC, which grew from a quadratic to the estimated level of 1.05%. Meanwhile, the environment with a temperature of 34ºC, the deposition of protein did not vary between the levels of the dietary lysine. In the environment with a temperature of 30ºC, the deposition of fat (DG) in the carcass of animals reduced to a quadratic according to the levels of digestible lysine to the estimated level of 1.08%, while in the environment to 34ºC, has increased, too in a square, up to 1.08% lysine, with an average 25.6% lower than that of animals kept at 30ºC. Plasma levels of hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) of the animals were respectively 35 and 30% lower in animals kept at 34ºC. The animals kept at 34ºC showed an average increase of 42% in respiratory rate, and increased rectal temperature, compared to 30ºC maintained in the environment. In the environment of 30ºC, the level of 1.04% of digestible lysine in the diet, which corresponds to a daily consumption of 21 grams, provides the best daily weight gain and increased deposition of protein in the carcass of growing pigs kept in the environment 30ºC, and environment of 34ºC, the level of 0.83% of digestible lysine in the diet, which corresponds to a daily consumption of 15 grams, meet the daily weight gain and deposition of protein in the carcass of pigs in growth.
Este estudo foi conduzido para avaliar níveis de lisina digestível para suínos machos castrados em fase de crescimento, dos 30 aos 60 kg, mantidos sob estresse por calor. Foram utilizados 140 animais, sendo 70 animais para o experimento com temperatura de 30ºC e 70 para o experimento com temperatura de 34ºC. Em ambos os experimentos, os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco níveis de lisina digestível (0,83; 0,93; 1,03; 1,13 e 1,23%), sete repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. As rações experimentais e a água foram fornecidas à vontade e o período experimental foi de 32 dias no ambiente de 30ºC e de 37 dias no ambiente de 34ºC. As temperaturas registradas no interior dos galpões durante ambos os experimentos, caracterizaram ambiente de estresse por calor para os animais em estudo. Houve efeito quadrático dos níveis de lisina digestível sobre o ganho de peso diário (GPD) dos animais mantidos à temperatura ambiente de 30ºC, que aumentou até o nível estimado de 1,04%, enquanto que o GPD dos animais que foram mantidos à temperatura ambiente de 34ºC não foi influenciado pelos níveis de lisina. Foi constatado que GPD dos animais mantidos no ambiente de 34ºC foram em média 13,4% menores que os obtidos pelos animais mantidos no ambiente a 30ºC. O consumo diário de ração (CDR), independentemente da temperatura em que os animais foram mantidos, não foi influenciado pelos níveis de lisina digestível das rações; os valores obtidos com os animais mantidos a 34oC foram em média 8,7% menores que os observados nos mantidos a 30oC. O consumo diário de lisina (CDL) dos animais mantidos a 30 e 34oC aumentou linearmente de acordo com os níveis de lisina da ração. O consumo diário de lisina dos animais mantidos no ambiente de 34oC foi em média 9,5% menor que o daqueles em ambiente de 30oC. No ambiente de 30oC, a conversão alimentar (CA) variou de forma quadrática, melhorando até o nível estimado de 1,07% de lisina, enquanto, no ambiente de 34oC, não foi influenciada pelos níveis de lisina. Em ambas as temperaturas ambientais, os níveis de lisina influenciaram a eficiência de utilização de lisina (EULG) para ganho de peso, que reduziu de forma linear, com piora de 4,4% no ambiente com temperatura mais elevada (34oC). O nível de lisina digestível da ração influenciou a deposição de proteína (DP) na carcaça dos animais mantidos no ambiente com temperatura de 30oC, que aumentou de forma quadrática até o nível estimado de 1,05%. Entretanto, no ambiente com temperatura de 34oC, a deposição de proteína não variou entre os níveis de lisina da ração. No ambiente com temperatura de 30ºC, a deposição de gordura (DG) na carcaça dos animais reduziu de forma quadrática de acordo com os níveis de lisina digestível até o nível estimado de 1,08%, enquanto, no ambiente a 34oC, aumentou, também de forma quadrática, até o nível de 1,08% de lisina, com média 25,6% menor que a dos animais mantidos a 30oC. Os níveis plasmáticos dos hormônios triiodotironina (T3) e tiroxina (T4) dos animais foram, respectivamente, 35 e 30% menores nos animais mantidos a 34oC. Os animais mantidos a 34oC apresentaram em média aumento de 42% na freqüência respiratória, além de maior temperatura retal, em comparação aos mantidos no ambiente a 30oC. Em ambiente de 30oC, o nível de 1,04% de lisina digestível na ração, que corresponde a um consumo diário de 21 g, proporciona o melhor ganho de peso diário e maior deposição de proteína na carcaça de suínos em crescimento mantidos em ambiente a 30oC e, em ambiente de 34ºC, o nível de 0,83% de lisina digestível na ração, que corresponde a um consumo diário de 15 g, atende ao ganho de peso diário e a deposição de proteína na carcaça de suínos em crescimento.
Jonsäll, Anette. "Sensory quality of pork : Influences of rearing system, feed, genotype, and sex." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Domestic Sciences, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-517.
Повний текст джерелаHampshire crosses of different genotype and sex were used to investigate the effects of rearing system, feed and handling on sensory quality, consumer preference and cooking loss. A selected and trained panel carried out descriptive tests. Two preference tests were carrieout by, in each case, 200 consumers.
The genotype had a major effect on sensory quality in all four studies irrespective of rearing system, feed and sex. In three of the four studies pork from RN¯ carriers scored higher for juicines, tenderness, acidulous taste and meat taste intensity.
Sex showed contradictory effects on sensory quality, while rearing system and feed had minor effects on sensory properties of pork.
Hams (M. biceps femoris) from pigs reared outdoors scored lower for juiciness and acidulous taste than hams from pigs reared indoors. Loins from pigs organically reared (KRAV) scored lower for juiciness and higher for crumbliness than ones from pigs conventionallreared.
Loins (M. longissimus dorsi) aged four days from conventionally fed pigs were juicier than ones from silage-fed pigs. When loins were aged eight days there was no difference in juicines while acidulous taste became weaker and tenderness and meat taste intensity increased.
In the case of loins stored frozen one year, those from silage-fed pigs scored higher for acidulous taste and off-flavour than those from conventionally fed pigs.
Cooking, thawing and total loss data showed minor and contradictory differences between genotypes, sexes, rearing systems and feeding regimes.
Organically and conventionally produced loins were equally liked and loins from RN¯ carrier pigs were preferred to loins from non-carriers.
Subedi, Yagya Prasad. "Nutrition transition in Nepal : a focus on nutritional, epidemiological, demographic and economic shifts." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=236446.
Повний текст джерелаGuzmán, Pino Sergio A. "Influence of the nutritional status of piglets on their ability to perform appropriate dietary selection patterns after weaning." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283642.
Повний текст джерелаThe present PhD Thesis aims to simulate different physiological or nutritional status that post-weaned piglets face in the intensive production system, e.g., variations in the dietary nutritional content, in the availability of nutrients or feeds, or in the animals’ homeostasis. It is hypothesized that commercial piglets may have retained the capacity to perform appropriate dietary selection patterns in relation to their needs, even when the common feeding practices in the pig industry do not allow animals to select their own diet composition. Chapter 1 assesses whether dietary energy density affects the preference of piglets for protein or carbohydrate sources. One experiment was conducted by using two isoproteic pre-starter diets differing in the digestible energy content, a high-energy (HE) and a low-energy (LE) diet. The LE diet promoted a higher performance than did the HE diet after 14 or 21 days of feeding. Preference was not observed for protein or carbohydrate solutions in piglets fed the LE diet. On the other hand, piglets fed the HE diet showed a higher preference for sucrose solution. Chapter 2 evaluates whether piglets submitted to a protein-deficiency status are able to select and prefer protein sources to overcome the deficiency. Two isoenergetic pre-starter diets differing in the crude protein content were used in two experiments, a high-protein (HP) and a low-protein (LP) diet. In Experiment 1, piglets showed higher intake and preference for sucrose than for a protein solution, independently of the dietary crude protein content. In Experiment 2, piglets were given eight conditioning sessions with two equally preferred flavors mixed into protein (CSp) or carbohydrate (CSc) solutions. Subsequently, piglets fed the LP diet showed a higher intake and preference for CSp than for CSc, differences being higher for medium and low weight piglets. Chapter 3 studies whether a long-term exposure to carbohydrate and artificial sweetener solutions has an effect on feeding behavior of piglets. Animals were offered in three different experiments a long-term availability to sucrose 160 g/L, maltodextrin 160 g/L, and saccharin 0.08 g/L plus neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) 0.02 g/L solutions as supplement to the maintenance diet. In Experiment 1, piglets showed a higher intake of sucrose 160 g/L than of water and a decrease in feed intake and weight gain. A similar situation occurred in the last days of maltodextrin 160 g/L exposure in Experiment 2. In contrast, animals were not influenced by saccharin 0.08 g/L plus NHDC 0.02 g/L in Experiment 3. After solutions exposure, a reduction in sucrose 20 g/L preference and appetence was observed in Experiments 1 and 2, but not Experiment 3. Chapter 4 estimates whether dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) influences feed preference, appetence and growth performance of piglets. Seven isoproteic and isoenergetic starter diets differing in the dEB were used in three distinct experiments, diets ranging from -16 mEq/kg to 388 mEq/kg. Productive results of Experiments 1 and 2 showed that low rather than high dEB levels optimized growth performance of piglets. In Experiments 2 and 3 piglets had the opportunity to choose between these diets, being unable to select the diet that optimized their performance neither in short- nor long-term preference tests, showing also a higher appetence for high dEB levels. It is concluded that piglets might be able to perform appropriate dietary selection patterns in relation to different nutritional status, but critically whether a learning process has been carried out. In the absence of learning, such as in the intensive pig industry conditions at weaning, piglets might be unable to overcome a particular situation that departs from an optimal state just relying on their innate dietary preferences and aversions.
Morillo, Alujas Alberto. "Estudio de la hormona IGF-I en cerdos: efecto de un producto de proteína de patata fermentada." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/386547.
Повний текст джерелаEls objectius de la tesi van ser l'estudi i revisió dels actuals coneixements sobre el metabolisme i les accions d'IGF-I en la producció porcina i més específicament la investigació dels efectes que un suplement alimentari provinent de la fermentació de la proteïna de patata pot tenir sobre els nivells d'IGF-I en diferents estadis productius, i si aquestes modificacions tenen alguna repercussió pràctica sobre la producció. En l'estudi realitzat amb les truges lactants, l'objectiu va ser estudiar si l'addició a la dieta de les truges lactants durant 5 dies abans del deslletament i 5 dies post deslletament de la proteïna fermentada de patata amb o sense glucosa tenia algun efecte sobre els dies no productius entre el deslletament i la cobrició, sobre la fertilitat i sobre el nombre de garrins nascuts totals en el subsegüent part i si aquests paràmetres productius van estar relacionats amb nivells plasmàtics d'IGF-I. Per a això es va triar una granja altament productiva amb un alt estatus sanitari perquè es va considerar que era la millor opció per conèixer els efectes de la proteïna fermentada de patata sobre els paràmetres estudiats. Es van usar un total de 183 truges de 3 grups de truges deslletades de forma consecutiva i es van distribuir en 4 grups de tractament tenint en compte el cicle de part, el nombre de garrins deslletats en el cicle anterior i el nombre de garrins parits en el cicle actual. El tractament va consistir en l'addició de la proteïna de patata fermentada, amb i sense glucosa, que es va considerar com el control positiu i un grup de truges que va actuar com a control negatiu al qual no se li va subministrar cap producte. Els tractaments es van iniciar 5 dies abans del deslletament i van concloure 5 dies post deslletament. Es van registrar tots els paràmetres productius per assolir els objectius i es van obtenir mostres de sang d'un subgrup de truges per determinar el nivell d'IGF-I. No es van trobar diferències significatives pel que fa als nivells d'IGF-I en acabar els tractaments ni tampoc es van trobar diferències significatives en els paràmetres productius estudiats. Un resultat no contemplat en l'estudi però trobat en l'anàlisi va ser que les truges que van ser alletants durant la lactació en què es va iniciar el tractament tenien major nivell d'IGF-I que les que no ho van ser. Aquesta troballa confirma que el nivell d'IGF-I depèn l'estatus nutricional i metabòlic dels animals ja que les truges que van actuar com dides van tenir una despesa metabòlica menor que les que no ho van ser i van poder recuperar millor el seu status metabòlic. Malgrat això no van existir diferències de productivitat després del subsegüent part. En l'estudi amb els garrins lactants l'objectiu va ser estudiar l'efecte de l'administració oral de la proteïna fermentada de patata a garrins durant les primeres 12 hores després del naixement sobre els nivells plasmàtics d'IGF-I, sobre la mortalitat i sobre el guany de pes viu des del naixement al fins al deslletament. Aquest estudi es va realitzar en una granja amb productivitat mitjana, amb una sanitat considerada com habitual en la producció porcina i que podia ser catalogada com una granja estàndard. Es van usar 542 garrins nascuts en 3 grups consecutius de part. Els garrins van ser classificats segons el seu pes al naixement entre garrins grans, amb 1,2 kg de pes o més al naixement i garrins petits amb menys de 1,2 kg de pes al naixement perquè es va considerar que el pes al naixement podria ser una variable que influís en l'estudi. Es van distribuir en 4 grups de tractament dins de cada grup de pes. Els tractaments van consistir en el subministrament oral de la proteïna de patata fermentada bé en una sola dosificació (primer grup) o bé partida en mitja dosi separades d'un interval de 12 h (segon grup) subministrant a un tercer grup d'animals glicerol en una sola presa, grup que es va considerar com el control positiu. El quart grup va ser el control negatiu i els garrins d'aquest grup no van rebre cap tractament. No es van trobar diferències significatives de forma global ni dins de cada grup de pes en cap de les variables estudiades. Els nivells d'IGF-I van ser majors en els animals del grup de pes gran quan es van comparar amb els garrins petits als 7 dies de l'estudi, però no al finalitzar el mateix. En l'estudi amb els garrins deslletats, l'objectiu va ser estudiar si l'addició a la dieta de garrins de proteïna fermentada de patata després de la seva deslletament en diferents proporcions podia reemplaçar l'ús de plasma porcí i si les modificacions estaven relacionades amb els nivells plasmàtics d'IGF-I. Aquest estudi es va realitzar en una granja de transició. Els garrins provenien de la granja utilitzada en l'estudi de garrins lactants. Es van realitzar dos estudis consecutius, el primer per conèixer els efectes de la proteïna de patata fermentada sobre els garrins i el segon per conèixer el nivell necessari d'incorporació a les dietes per substituir al plasma porcí. Es van usar 200 garrins en el primer estudi distribuint homogèniament segons el seu pes i edat al deslletament i el seu sexe. Es van distribuir en 5 grups de tractament on un grup va ser el control negatiu sense plasma ni proteïna de patata fermentada, un grup com a control positiu amb plasma en la dieta i 3 dosificacions creixents de proteïna de patata. En el segon estudi es van usar 1036 garrins distribuïts homogèniament segons el seu pes i edat al deslletament i el seu sexe. Es van distribuir en 6 grups de tractament on un grup va ser el control negatiu sense plasma ni proteïna de patata fermentada, un grup com a control positiu amb plasma en la dieta i 4 grups amb quantitats creixents de proteïna de patata fermentada. Els garrins alimentats amb plasma en el primer estudi van tenir el dia 4 del mateix un nivell major d'IGF-I que la resta sent els garrins que van ser alimentats amb la dosi inferior de proteïna de patata fermentada els que van tenir el nivell d'IGF-I inferior tenint la resta de grups un nivell intermedi d'IGF-I. Els garrins que més pinso consumir van ser els garrins que van consumir el menor nivell de proteïna de patata i els que menys els del grup control negatiu. Aquestes diferències de consum no es van veure reflectides en un major creixement diari ni en una millor conversió alimentària al final de l'estudi. Els garrins que van consumir proteïna de patata van tenir més pes i guany mitjà diari que els animals del control negatiu al final del segon estudi. Pel que fa al consum, els animals amb les 3 dosis més baixes de proteïna de patata van tenir major consum que la resta tenint una millor conversió alimentària dels garrins que van consumir bé proteïna de patata o plasma que els garrins del control negatiu. Els resultats de la present tesi demostren que el subministrament d'un suplement alimentari derivat de la fermentació de la proteïna de patata i) no millora la productivitat de les truges en el subsegüent part, ii) no millora la mortalitat dels garrins durant la lactació ni tampoc el seu pes a deslletament i iii) pot reemplaçar al plasma animal en les dietes de garrins deslletats. El nivell d'IGF-I no es veu modificat en cap estudi al subministrar la proteïna de patata fermentada per la qual cosa la manera d'acció d'aquest producte ha de ser investigat amb estudis futurs.
The objectives of this thesis were the study and review of the current knowledge about the metabolism and actions of IGF-I in pig production. The thesis also studied the effects that an additive coming from the fermentation of the potato protein can have on the IGF-I levels in the different pig production phases and if these modifications have some practical consequence in the pig production. In the lactating sows study, the objective was to assess if the introduction of the fermented protein potato in the diet of the sows 5 days before and 5 days after weaning, with or without glucose, had some effect on the non-productive days between weaning and mating, the fertility and the number of piglets total born in the subsequent litter, and if these productive parameters were in relation with plasma IGF-I levels. It was chosen a high productive sow farm with a high health status because it was considered the best option to assess the effects of the fermented protein potato over the studied parameters. 183 sows coming from 3 consecutive weaned batches sows were distributed in 4 treatment groups taking into account the parity, the number of piglets weaned in the former litter and the number of piglets born in the current litter. The dietary treatments were arranged as a 2x2 complete factorial design with the factors being the addition or not of fermented protein potato and with or without glucose. The treatment started 5 days before weaning and ends 5 days after weaning. There were recorded all the production parameters to get the targets and blood samples were obtained from a subgroup of sows to analyze IGF-I level. No statistical differences were found in IGF-I levels at the end of the treatment nor in the productive parameters recorded. An outcome not considered in the design of the study was that nursing sows had higher IGF-I levels. This finding confirms that IGF-I level depends on the nutritional and metabolic status. Sows that were nursing an extra litter (small piglets) in the current lactation had lower metabolic expense that normal sows during the nursing time and there could recover their metabolic status. In spite of, there were not found productive differences in the next parity. In the study with milking piglets the objectives were to assess if the oral administration of the fermented potato protein in piglets during the first 12 h of live had some effects on the plasma levels of IGF-I, the pre weaning mortality and the average daily gain from birth to wean. This study was carried out in a sow farm with the country average production, with a standard health status. 542 piglets from 3 consecutive batches were used. Piglets were classified into two groups depending on their weight at birth because it was considered that weight at birth could influence the results. The cut-off weight was 1.2 kg. The treatments were: a single oral dose of fermented protein potato, a split half dose in 12 h interval of fermented protein potato, and a group of piglets that received glycerol as positive control group. One group of piglets with no treatment was considered negative control group. No differences were found in any group neither of treatment nor within the weight groups. IGF-I levels were higher in heavier piglets at 7 day of study but not at the end. In the study with weaned piglets the objectives were to assess if the introduction in the diet of the fermented potato protein in weaned piglets at different ratios could substitute the use of animal plasma and if this modification was linked with the plasma level of IGF-I. This study was carried out in a nursery using piglets from the sow farm used in the milking piglets study. There were conducted 2 consecutive experiments. The first of them was carried out to assess the effects of the fermented protein potato on the productive parameters and the second to assess the level to substitute animal plasma. In the first experiment, 200 piglets were distributed taking into account their age, sex and weight at weaning in 5 experimental groups. One group was considered as negative control group with neither fermented protein potato nor animal plasma, one group was the positive control group with animal plasma and 3 other groups with different levels of fermented protein potato. In the second experiment, 1036 piglets were distributed taking into account their age, sex and weight at weaning in 6 experimental groups. One group was the negative control group without animal plasma or fermented protein potato, one group as positive control group with animal plasma and 4 groups with increasing ratios of fermented protein potato. IGF-I levels at day 4 of the first study were higher in piglets fed with animal plasma being the lowest IGF-I level for the piglets fed the lower ratio of fermented protein potato. The rest of the groups had intermediate IGF-I levels. The highest daily feed intake was achieved by the piglets fed with the lowest ratio of fermented protein potato. This high daily feed intake was not achieving a high daily gain or a better feed conversion ratio at the end of the study. Piglets fed with fermented protein potato were heavier and growth faster than piglets in the negative control group at the end of the second study. The highest daily feed intake was achieved by the piglets fed the 3 lower doses of fermented protein potato. Feed conversion ratio was improved in piglets fed either fermented protein potato or animal plasma than piglets in the negative control group. The results of the studies of this thesis show that feeding a fermented protein potato i) do not improve the productivity of the sows in the subsequent parity, ii) do not improve pre weaning piglet mortality nor their weaning weight, iii) can substitute animal plasma in the post weaning diets. The IGF-I levels were not modified in any study when fermented potato was administered orally either to weaned sows, pre weaning piglets or weaned piglets. The mode of action of fermented protein potato should be researched in future experiments.
Lindén, Sanna, and Anneli Thörnell. "Malnutrition hos barn med cancer; Nutritionsstöd och omvårdnad." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Omvårdnad, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-3055.
Повний текст джерелаSaur, Etienne. "Nutrition oligo-minérale du pin maritime : Interaction phosphore-cuivre." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10446.
Повний текст джерелаDeshpande, Swati Jayant. "Strategies to optimize maternal and infant nutrition /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Повний текст джерелаBryngelsson, Katrin, and Agneta Ericsson. "Upplevelser av att nutrieras via gastrostomi eller parenteral nutrition." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2932.
Повний текст джерелаProblemformulering: Patienters upplevelser av att nutrieras via gastrostomi eller parenteral nutrition (PN) är ett förbisett område. Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan har en helhetssyn på patienten för att kunna ge god omvårdnad. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att nutrieras i hemmet via gastrostomi eller PN. Metoden var en systematisk litteraturstudie, där elva artiklar bearbetades och analyserades utifrån problemområdet. Resultat och Konklusion: När patienter behandlades i hemmet med antingen gastrostomi eller PN förändrades det dagliga livet för dem. Patienterna upplevde både positiva och negativa effekter av att nutrieras i hemmet. Det positiva med behandlingarna var enligt patienterna att de blev välnutrierade och att behandlingen räddade deras liv. Det negativa med behandlingarna var att de kunde ge fysiska, psykiska och sociala begränsningar. Trots de negativa effekterna upplevde patienterna att de positiva effekterna av behandlingen övervägde de negativa. Implikation: Det finns behov av ytterligare forskning inom området för att sjuksköterskor ska få bättre kunskap om patienters upplevelser av att nutrieras via gastrostomi och PN.