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Статті в журналах з теми "Piezoelectric electro acoustic transducer"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Yamauchi, Masakazu. "Piezoelectric electro-acoustic transducer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119, no. 5 (2006): 2559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2203530.

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2

Sullivan, Steven L. "Dipole horn piezoelectric electro‐acoustic transducer design." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 94, no. 4 (October 1993): 2475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.407394.

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3

Dugnani, Roberto. "Novel Transducer for Characterization of Low-Impedance Materials." Key Engineering Materials 558 (June 2013): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.558.435.

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Анотація:

Piezoelectric materials such as lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT), lead-metaniobate, and piezo-composites are the materials of choice for acoustic imaging in medical diagnosis as well as underwater ultrasonic microphones and underwater sonar. PZT materials have the advantage of having high electro-mechanical coupling, low internal losses and excellent environmental durability. Nonetheless, in order to improve energy transmission the high acoustic impedance of piezoelectric ceramics needs to be matched to the lower acoustic impedance of biological tissues and water. For actuators resonated in their thickness mode, energy transmission can be improved by means of intermediate layers of material of carefully selected thicknesses and acoustic properties. Sometimes a backing layer is also added to the back of the actuator to damp the acoustic back-wave. The process of making these types of transducers is generally costly due to the nature of the manufacturing process and the required level of accuracy. This paper describes an inexpensive method of manufacture low-cost, low-impedance, piezoelectric transducers. The fundamental physical principles behind this new type of sensor-actuator, as well as various examples of imaging low-impedance targets using a prototype of this newly developed sensor-actuator system will be presented.

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4

Korzhyk, Oleksii, Sergey Naida, Sergii Kurdiuk, Valeriia Nizhynska, Maxim Korzhyk, and Anton Naida. "Use of the pass-through method to solve sound radiation problems of a spherical electro-elastic source of zero order." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 5 (September 13, 2021): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001292.

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Анотація:

In the article was solved the problem of radiation of a sound by the electroacoustic transducer which is executed in the form of a thin spherical cover, using a pass-through method. The outer and inner surfaces of the shell are completely electroded. The application of this method provides an opportunity to avoid inaccuracies that arise during the traditional formulation of boundary conditions for acoustic mechanical fields, the use of equivalent substitution schemes and the absence of boundary conditions for the electric field in general. Given methodology eliminates these shortcomings by applying conjugation conditions, taking into account the types of electroding of the surfaces of piezoceramic transducers, the introduction of boundary conditions for current and voltage. The results of the solution demonstrate the high capabilities of this pass-through method, in terms of taking into account the peculiarities of determining the characteristics of these fields, values and dependences of the main complex characteristics of the electroelastic transducer, and auxiliary material constants of the piezoelectric material. The proposed approach is relevant, because it allows to increase the reliability of modeling the operating conditions of acoustic transducers in the context of wave problems of acoustics. Aim is to enhance the range of performances and build algorithms solving problems of stationary mode hydroelectroelasticity sound radiation. The expected results are presented in terms of improving approaches to studying the features of the oscillatory process of the active elements of sound-emitting systems and the accompanying effects of the transformation of interconnected fields involved in the formation of the acoustic signal in the liquid

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5

WANG, Q., N. WU, and S. T. QUEK. "ACOUSTIC WAVE IN PIEZOELECTRIC COUPLED PLATES WITH OPEN CIRCUIT." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 10, no. 02 (June 2010): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455410003476.

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An accurate modeling of the piezoelectric effect of coupled structures is essential to application of piezoelectric materials as sensors and actuators in engineering structures, such as Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems and Interdigital Transducer for health monitoring of structures. This paper presents a simulation for the shear horizontal wave propagation in an infinite metal plate surface bonded by a piezoelectric layer with open electrical circuit, with focus on the dispersion characteristics of a metal core bonded by a layer of piezoelectric material to be used in health monitoring of structures. The dispersive characteristics and mode shapes of the deflection, electric potential, and electric displacement of the piezoelectric layer are theoretically derived. The results from numerical simulations show that the phase velocity of the piezoelectric coupled plate approaches the bulk-shear wave velocity of the substrate at high wavenumbers. The mode shapes of electric potential and deflection of the piezoelectric layer with steel substrates change from a shape with few zero nodes to one with more zero nodes at higher wavenumbers and with thicker piezoelectric layer. For the coupled plate with gold substrates at higher wavenumbers, the electric potential is found to jump from null at the interface of the piezoelectric layer and the substrate to a constant at the surface of the piezoelectric layer along the thickness direction. These findings are useful to the design of sensors using the piezoelectric coupled structures.

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6

TANG, F., S. L. HUANG, X. L. HU, and J. T. WANG. "ELECTRO-MECHANICAL COUPLING CHARACTERISTICS OF PZT FOR SENSOR AND ACTUATOR APPLICATION." International Journal of Modern Physics B 13, no. 29n31 (December 20, 1999): 3823–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979299003994.

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Анотація:

Piezoelectric ceramics are good candidate materials for sensor and actuator applications, because of its ability to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy and vice versa. The response speed of Electro-mechanical converting signal in piezoelectric transducers is up to a few hundreds kilohertz. Therefore, they are widely used in vibration and acoustic system. In these applications, the nonlinearity of the materials is a main factor to consider when one designs the control system. In this paper, the nonlinearity of electro-mechanical coupling of PbZrxTi(1-x)O3 was investigated. Experimental results showed that the piezoelectric properties of PZT are greatly affected by the sequence and the amplitude of the applied voltage.

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7

Na, Won-Bae, and Tribikram Kundu. "EMAT-Based Inspection of Concrete-Filled Steel Pipes for Internal Voids and Inclusions." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 3 (July 26, 2002): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1491271.

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Concrete-filled steel pipes have been used as piles for supporting civil and marine structures. These piles provide good bending resistance, and can be easily spliced for long depth installation. However, these piles are usually exposed in hostile environments such as seawater and deicing materials. Thus, the outside corrosion of the steel pipe can reduce the wall thickness and the corrosion-induced delamination of internal concrete can increase internal volume or pressure. In addition, the void that can possibly exist in the pipe reduces the bending resistance. To avoid structural failure due to this type of deterioration, appropriate inspection and repair techniques are to be developed. The acoustic method is attractive for this inspection since it is relatively simple and versatile. Especially, guided wave techniques have strong potentials for this inspection because of long-distance inspection capability. There are different transducer-coupling mechanisms available for the guided wave inspection techniques. Electro-magnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) give relatively consistent results in comparison to piezoelectric transducers since they do not need any couplant. EMATs are used for transmitting and receiving cylindrical guided waves through concrete-filled steel pipes. It is shown that EMAT-generated cylindrical guided wave techniques have good potential for the interface inspection of concrete-filled steel pipes.

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8

Pan, Wangbai, Guoan Tang, and Jiong Tang. "Evaluation of uncertainty effects to band gap behavior of circuitry-integrated piezoelectric metamaterial using order-reduced analysis." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 12 (May 31, 2018): 2677–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18778359.

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Acoustic metamaterials with unit cells that are integrated with piezoelectric transducer circuitry exhibit interesting band gap behaviors that can be used for wave/vibration manipulation. This research reports the evaluation of uncertainty effects to a typical piezoelectric metamaterial, where uncertainties in geometry/configuration and in circuitry elements are taken into consideration. Monte Carlo–type analysis is performed to assess the band gap features under these uncertainties. In order to facilitate tractable computation in uncertainty analysis, order-reduced modeling of the electro-mechanically integrated system is formulated. The component mode synthesis–based order-reduced modeling increases the computational efficiency significantly while maintaining good accuracy. Results show that the band gap behavior is generally less sensitive to configuration uncertainty but can be greatly affected by circuitry parameter uncertainty. These results can be used to guide the design and synthesis of piezoelectric metamaterials, and the method developed can be applied to the uncertainty quantification of other types of metamaterials.

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9

Park, Ik Keun, Hyun Mook Kim, Tae Sung Park, Yong Kwon Kim, Yong Sang Cho, and Won Joon Song. "Non-Contact Ultrasonic Inspection Technology of Fillet Weldments Monitoring." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.513.

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It's not easy to detect the defects in fillet weldment which is widely used in various building structures and power plants just with nondestructive inspection due to its complex geometrical shape and difficult access. But it's easy to detect the cracks on the surface or just below the surface of fillet weldment heel part if surface SH-wave, among ultrasonic wave modes, is applied. The traditional ultrasound inspection using surface SH-wave is usually a contact method using piezoelectric transducer, so it's not suitable for a field application because the reliability of inspection varies depending on field environments such as couplant, contact pressure and pre-process, etc. Therefore, the necessity for non-contact ultrasound inspection is increasing. This study proposes non-contact ultrasound inspection method using EMAT (electro-magnetic acoustic transducer), and presented non-contact ultrasound inspection method for fillet weldment through experimental verification.

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10

Lee, Young Sup, Hyoung Jin Im, Jaehwa Kwon, and Dong Jin Yoon. "Biologically Inspired Smart Sensor for Acoustic Emission Detection." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.204.

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This paper presents concept, analysis and experiment of a novel sensor which is based on biologically inspired approach for acoustic emission (AE) detection. It is known that a conventional AE sensor consists of a matching layer, piezoelectric transducer, backing layer, supporting electric circuit and casing. The conventional AE sensors have been widely used to detect defects in various structures and they have designed as either broadband or resonant type. However, the novel sensor described in this paper utilizes the concept of hearing organs in animals with the help of micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The basic design with theoretical investigation including finite element analysis showed the core hearing element such as a hair cell could be implemented with the piezoeletric material. Also it is found that the dimensional variety and proper distribution of such elements inside the sensor are critical parameters to the detectability of AE signals from structures. Both the broadband and resonant type AE sensors with relevant electric circuits could be implemented with this novel sensor concept.

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11

Kuznetsova, Iren, Andrey Smirnov, Vladimir Anisimkin, Sergey Gubin, Maria Assunta Signore, Luca Francioso, Jun Kondoh, and Vladimir Kolesov. "Inkjet Printing of Plate Acoustic Wave Devices." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 3349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123349.

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In the paper, the results of production of Ag inkjet printed interdigital transducers to the acoustic delay line based on Y-cut X-propagation direction of lithium niobate plate for the frequency range from 1 to 14 MHz are presented. Additionally, morphological, structural, and electro-physical characteristics of the obtained electrodes were investigated. Mathematical modeling of the excitation of acoustic waves by these electrode structures was carried out. Comparison of the theoretical results with experimental ones showed their qualitative and quantitative coincidences. It was shown that conventional inkjet printing can replace the complex photolithographic method for production of interdigital transducers for acoustic delay lines working up to 14 MHz. The resulting electrode structures make it possible to efficiently excite acoustic waves with a high value of electromechanical coupling coefficient in piezoelectric plates.

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12

Wang, X. B., J. J. Chen, D. M. Li, Fei Zeng, and F. Pan. "Investigation of High-Quality ZnO Film on Polycrystalline Diamond Wafer for Fabrication of High Frequency SAW Filter." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.242.

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ZnO films with piezoelectric properties were deposited on polycrystalline diamond wafers for high frequency surface acoustic wave filter applications by dc reactive magnetron sputtering. The influences of different sputtering pressures and substrate temperatures on the properties of ZnO films were discussed. Highly c-axis oriented, fine-grain ZnO films with excellent surface flatness (average surface roughness of 5.3 nm) and high resistivities (6.3×107 *·cm) have been obtained. Then Al films for interdigital-transducer were deposited on ZnO/diamond by electron evaporation, a 2.48 GHz longitudinally- coupled double-mode surface acoustic wave filter has been fabricated using the Al/ZnO film on diamond wafer.

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13

Hang, Wei, Libo Zhou, Jun Shimizu, Julong Yuan, and Takeyuki Yamamoto. "Study on the Mechanical Properties of Lithium Tantalate and the Influence on its Machinability." International Journal of Automation Technology 7, no. 6 (November 5, 2013): 644–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2013.p0644.

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As a typical multi-functional single crystal material, lithium tantalate (LiTaO3 or LT) exhibits its excellent electro-optical, piezoelectric properties and has now found many applications, such as electro-optical modulators, pyroelectric detectors, optical waveguide, piezoelectric transducers and SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) substrates. Although LT is known as a very brittle material, however, detailed summaries of its mechanical properties and machinability are not readily available yet. In order to clarify and understand the fundamental mechanical properties of LT, micro/nano indentation tests are conducted in this study to evaluate elastic modulus, hardness and fracture toughness. Other two typical single crystals of silicon and sapphire are chosen for comparison. The obtained results are analyzed and discussed to understand their behaviors in elastic, plastic (ductile) and brittle regimes, and the influences on their machinability in the machining process.

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14

Ten, Seng Teik, Uda Hashim, Ahmad Sudin, Wei Wen Liu, Kai Loong Foo, Chun Hong Voon, F. H. Wee, et al. "In-House Development of Shear Horizontal Acoustic Waves Based Sensitive Sensors for Bacterial Pathogens Detection." Advanced Materials Research 1109 (June 2015): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1109.309.

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Surface acoustic wave can be generated at the free surface of an elastic solid. Interdigital transducers (IDTs) are fabricated on the piezoelectric substrate surface that will act as electrical input and output port. When appropriate AC voltage stimulus is applied to the input transducer, surface acoustic wave will be produced. The output or receiving port will detect the incident surface acoustic wave and convert it back to a suitably filtered electrical once. For this property, surface acoustic based devices were initially developed for the telecommunication purpose such as signal filters and resonators. SAW based devices have been modified to be sensors later on from for gas detections and have been moving towards biological detections recently for its ultra-sensitivity to surface perturbation. The main component of this device is the IDTs. Recently, there are several methods to produce IDTs; Ultra-Violet (UV), deep UV lithography, Electron beam (e-beam) lithography and X-ray lithography. Although, these methods can produce very fine and accurate electrodes in term of submicron size but the costs are extremely expensive. Thus, this paper will discuss the conventional CMOS method which is much more economical to produce the applicable IDTs for the bacterial pathogens sensing purpose. Shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SHSAW), one of the SAW based types is used in this paper as it is most suitable for the liquid based application as it has the advantage of acoustic energy is not being radiated into liquid.

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15

Massimino, Gianluca, Alessandro Colombo, Raffaele Ardito, Fabio Quaglia, and Alberto Corigliano. "On the Effects of Package on the PMUTs Performances—Multiphysics Model and Frequency Analyses." Micromachines 11, no. 3 (March 14, 2020): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11030307.

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Анотація:

This paper deals with a multiphysics numerical modelling via finite element method (FEM) of an air-coupled array piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs). The proposed numerical model is fully 3D with the following features: the presence of the fabrication induced residual stresses, which determine a geometrically non-linear initial deformed configuration of the diaphragms and a remarkable shift of the fundamental frequency; the multiple coupling between different physics, namely electro-mechanical-coupling for the piezo-electric model, acoustic-structure interaction at the acoustic-structure interface and pressure acoustics in the surrounding air. The model takes into account the complete set of PMUTs belonging to the silicon die in a 4 × 4 array configuration and the protective package, as well. The results have been validated by experimental data, in terms of initial static pre-deflected configuration of the diaphragms and frequency response function of the PMUT. The numerical procedure was applied, to analyze different package configurations of the device, to study the influence of the holes on the acoustic transmission in terms of SPL and propagation pattern and consequently extract a set of design guidelines.

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16

Li, Fenglian, Chen Chen, Weidong Li, and Deping Zeng. "The electro-acoustic output behavior and thermal stability of 1–3 piezoelectric composite transducers applied to FUS surgery." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 31, no. 15 (July 14, 2020): 12066–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-03735-7.

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17

Shih, Wei-Che, Ying-Chung Chen, Wei-Tsai Chang, Chien-Chuan Cheng, Pei-Chun Liao, and Kuo-Sheng Kao. "Design and Fabrication of Nanoscale IDTs Using Electron Beam Technology for High-Frequency SAW Devices." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/643672.

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High-frequency Rayleigh-mode surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices were fabricated for 4G mobile telecommunications. The RF magnetron sputtering method was adopted to grow piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films on the Si3N4/Si substrates. The influence of sputtering parameters on the crystalline characteristics of AlN thin films was investigated. The interdigital transducer electrodes (IDTs) of aluminum (Al) were then fabricated onto the AlN surfaces by using the electron beam (e-beam) direct write lithography method to form the Al/AlN/Si3N4/Si structured SAW devices. The Al electrodes were adopted owing to its low resistivity, low cost, and low density of the material. For 4G applications in mobile telecommunications, the line widths of 937 nm, 750 nm, 562 nm, and 375 nm of IDTs were designed. Preferred orientation and crystalline properties of AlN thin films were determined by X-ray diffraction using a Siemens XRD-8 with CuKαradiation. Additionally, the cross-sectional images of AlN thin films were obtained by scanning electron microscope. Finally, the frequency responses of high-frequency SAW devices were measured using the E5071C network analyzer. The center frequencies of the high-frequency Rayleigh-mode SAW devices of 1.36 GHz, 1.81 GHz, 2.37 GHz, and 3.74 GHz are obtained. This study demonstrates that the proposed processing method significantly contributes to high-frequency SAW devices for wireless communications.

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18

Kamon, Yoshiyuki, Masahiko Iso, and Makoto Yamagishi. "Electro‐acoustic transducer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 90, no. 1 (July 1991): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.402282.

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19

Schneiter, Ali, Jean‐Frédéric Flückiger, and Anne Curchod. "Electro‐acoustic transducer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 81, no. 6 (June 1987): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.395126.

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20

Boehnke, Gerd, and Stefan Pieper. "Electro‐acoustic transducer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 93, no. 3 (March 1993): 1679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.406742.

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21

Boucher, Didier, Bernard Tocquet, and Charles Pohlenz. "Electro‐acoustic transducer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 85, no. 1 (January 1989): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.397633.

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22

Dietzsch, Klaus, Gottfried Brandenburg, and Stephan Overbeck. "Electro‐acoustic transducer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 85, no. 6 (June 1989): 2702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.397978.

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23

Yamagishi, Makoto, and Masao Fujihira. "Electro-acoustic transducer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, no. 4 (2002): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1520918.

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24

Yokoi, Yuko. "Piezoelectric acoustic transducer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120, no. 5 (2006): 2398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2395089.

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25

Andert, Tomas, and Stefan Pieper. "Electro‐acoustic transducer unit." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 91, no. 2 (February 1992): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.402552.

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26

Grosso, Gilles. "Submersible electro‐acoustic transducer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 94, no. 5 (November 1993): 3035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.407317.

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27

Andoo, Kimihiro. "Electromagnetic electro-acoustic transducer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 115, no. 2 (2004): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1669239.

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28

Yasuno, Yoshinobu, and Yasuhiro Riko. "Digital electro-acoustic transducer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113, no. 4 (2003): 1785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1572332.

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29

Lee, Seung S., and Richard M. White. "Piezoelectric cantilever acoustic transducer." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 8, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/8/3/009.

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30

XIAOMING, WU, YANG YI, ZHU YI PING, ZHANG NIN XING, REN TIANLING, and LIU LITIAN. "MEMS PIEZOELECTRIC ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER." Integrated Ferroelectrics 89, no. 1 (April 18, 2007): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584580601077716.

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31

Flanagan, P. F. "Electro‐acoustic transducer insulation structure." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 96, no. 6 (December 1994): 3826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.410550.

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32

Elieli, Boaz. "Electro acoustic transducer and loudspeaker." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 93, no. 4 (April 1993): 2260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.406625.

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33

Yamagishi, Makoto. "Electro-acoustic transducer and housing." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 111, no. 6 (2002): 2533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1492923.

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34

Priest, John F. "Mechanically amplified piezoelectric acoustic transducer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102, no. 1 (July 1997): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.419809.

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35

Amalaha, Leonard D. "Electro‐acoustic transducer and manufacturing process." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 91, no. 2 (February 1992): 1199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.403765.

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36

Zeger Van Halteren, Aart, and Leif Johannsen. "Electro-acoustic transducer with two diaphragms." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119, no. 2 (2006): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2174412.

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37

Usuki, Sawako, and Suji Saiki. "Electro-acoustic transducer and electronic device." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 121, no. 1 (2007): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2434267.

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38

Li, Denghua, Min Wu, Peixi Oyang, and Xiaofei Xu. "Cymbal piezoelectric composite underwater acoustic transducer." Ultrasonics 44 (December 2006): e685-e687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.127.

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39

Charbonneaux, Marc. "Harmonic amplifier and corresponding electro-acoustic transducer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119, no. 6 (2006): 3511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2212556.

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40

Bogdanova, Nataliia Volodimirivna, Oleh Mykolaiovich Petrishchev, V. M. Sharapov, and Zh V. Sotula. "Acoustic field calculation of bimorph piezoelectric transducer." Electronics and Communications 19, no. 1 (March 3, 2014): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2312-1807.2014.19.1.142445.

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41

Kugel, V. D., Sanjay Chandran, and L. E. Cross. "PANEL: A novel piezoelectric air acoustic transducer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 101, no. 5 (May 1997): 3072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.418760.

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42

Kugel, V. D., Baomin Xu, Q. M. Zhang, and L. E. Cross. "Bimorph-based piezoelectric air acoustic transducer: model." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 69, no. 3 (September 1998): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-4247(98)00100-9.

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43

Mendoza-López, J., S. Sánchez-Solano, and J. L. Huertas-Díaz. "Characterization and Modelling of Circular Piezoelectric Micro Speakers for Audio Acoustic Actuation." ISRN Mechanical Engineering 2012 (February 12, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/635268.

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Анотація:

A study of circular piezoelectric micro speakers is presented for applications in the audio frequency range, including values for impedance, admittance, noise figures, transducer gain, and acoustic frequency responses. The micro speakers were modelled based on piezoelectric micro ultrasonic transducer (pMUT) design techniques and principles. In order to reach the audio frequency range, transducer radii were increased to the order of one centimetre, whilst piezoelectric layer thicknesses ranged the order of several μm. The micro actuators presented might be used for a variety of electroacoustic applications including noise control, hearing aids, earphones, sonar, and medical diagnostic ultrasound. This work main contribution is the characterization of the design space and transducer performance as a function of transducer radius, piezoelectric layer thickness, and frequency range, looking towards an optimized fabrication process.

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44

Honda, Kazuki. "Suspension and electro-acoustic transducer using the suspension." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125, no. 3 (2009): 1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3099526.

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45

Catthoor, Raphael F. A. "Electro‐acoustic transducer with high air permeable diaphragm." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 80, no. 6 (December 1986): 1867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.394203.

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46

Larson, David A., and Daniel A. Schumaker. "Electro‐acoustic transducer with diaphragm and blank therefor." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 78, no. 6 (December 1985): 2164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.392622.

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47

Larson, David A. "Electro‐acoustic transducer with diaphragm and blank therefor." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 85, no. 1 (January 1989): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.397616.

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48

Larson, David A. "Electro‐acoustic transducer with diaphragm and blank therefor." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 86, no. 6 (December 1989): 2480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.398367.

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49

Inagaki, Kazuyuki. "Electro-Acoustic Transducer With Multi-Faced Diaphragm Assembly." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130, no. 1 (2011): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3615736.

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50

Wang, Gang, Lei Qin, and Li Kun Wang. "A 300 kHz High-Frequency Underwater Transducer." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.259.

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Анотація:

A new type of piezoelectric composite ultrasonic transducer with high frequency in radial vibration is studied. A high-frequency acoustic transducer has been designed and prepared with pzt-5-type piezoelectric ceramic cylinder. When the piezoelectric ceramic cylinder vibrates along the direction of its radial direction, the working frequency is high. It is composed of a piezoelectric ceramic tube and a steel bracket which is inserted in the inner of the ceramic tube. Use the finite element method by ANSYS for analyzing the radial vibration of a piezoelectric tube. On that basis, through managing ANSYS simulation the vibration mode of transducer system is obtained, and analyzed the working frequency of transducer. According to the simulation, the high-frequency cylindrical acoustic transducer has been produced. Comparing the products and the traditional cylindrical transducers, the products haven’t only a good all-round circle directional, but it also has a high working frequency (300 kHz).

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