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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

R. Eslinger, Kam, and Brian M. Crookston. "Energy Dissipation of Type a Piano Key Weirs." Water 12, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051253.

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Анотація:

A Piano Key weir (PK weir) is a nonlinear, labyrinth-type weir well suited for rehabilitation projects due to a relatively small footprint and the ability to pass large discharges for lesser upstream-head values when compared with other weir types. A critical component of a hydraulic structure is the energy-dissipative properties. Currently, information and guidance is limited, with previous energy dissipation studies of PK weirs primarily of specific projects. Therefore, to document and quantify energy dissipation, four laboratory-scale Type A PK weir models with different width ratios (Wi/Wo) were studied, with 255 tests comprising this new dataset, along with detailed observations of the flow field. Results were compared to existing published data regarding energy dissipation downstream of trapezoidal and rectangular labyrinth weirs. To support design efforts, two equations, both functions of head-water ratio (H/P) and Wi/Wo, are proposed to predict the relative residual energy downstream of PK weirs. The energy dissipation of PK weirs is largest at low flows and decreases in a logarithmic-like manner as flow increases. PK weirs with increased hydraulic efficiency, caused by an increase in Wi/Wo, resulted in slightly smaller energy dissipation values within the range 0.2 ≤ H/P ≤ 0.8. The energy dissipation of PK weirs was found to be relatively constant, independent of Wi/Wo, and in the ranges 0.07 ≤ H/P ≤ 0.2 and 0.8 ≤ H/P ≤ 0.95.

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2

Alizadeh Sanami, Forough, Amir Ghaderi, Fardin Alizadeh Sanami, Parisa Mirkhorli, and Silvia Di Francesco. "Laboratory Study of the Hydraulic Performance of the A-Type Triangular Piano Key Weir." Water 15, no. 11 (June 2, 2023): 2124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15112124.

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A piano key weir (PKW), a new type of weir aiming to increase the discharge capacity of an existing dam, was recently designed. Despite a large body of research in this field, only a few studies were conducted on A-type triangular piano key weirs (TPKW) in straight channels. In this context, this present research sought to study the flow regime, stage–discharge relationship, and discharge coefficient. Experiments were carried out using nine TPKW models and three linear weirs (LW) as the control weirs. The results indicated that the triangular piano key weirs are capable of passing a higher discharge in similar laboratory conditions compared to linear key weirs due to their longer length. For a given h/P ratio (h is the water head over the weir crest, and P is the weir height) and constant length (Le), an increase in the weir height from 0.07 m to 0.15 m decreases the discharge coefficient by approximately 20%. From sensitivity analysis, the most influential parameters for the tested TPKW models are the h/Le dimensionless ratio, followed by the P/Le and Fr. Moreover, the discharge coefficient has a reverse trend when the dimensionless parameters h/P, h/Le, and Froude number are increased. However, with decreasing h/Le, the discharge coefficient of TPKW tends to that of a broad-crested weir because of local submergence. It is expected that the results obtained will be a reference for researchers who work in this field.

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3

Bhukya, Raj Kumar, Manish Pandey, Manousos Valyrakis, and Panagiotis Michalis. "Discharge Estimation over Piano Key Weirs: A Review of Recent Developments." Water 14, no. 19 (September 26, 2022): 3029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14193029.

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Анотація:

The piano key (PK) weir has advanced over the labyrinth weir to increase the discharge capacity. Piano key weirs exhibit nonlinear flow behavior and are easy to place on the existing spillway or newly constructed dam with less base area. Various investigators are given equations to calculate the discharge coefficient for free and submerged flow conditions. The study focuses on reviewing the impacts of the PK weir geometry on the weir flow discharge coefficient, including weir length and height, upstream and downstream key widths, and apex overhangs. In this study, all possible aspects of PK weirs were briefly reviewed. From sensitivity analysis, it is observed that the discharge coefficient of the PK weir is more sensitive for the L/W dimensionless ratio followed by the B/P ratio. L is total length of the weir crest, W is width of the weir, B is total width of PK weir and P is height of the weir. This review paper is intended to serve as an accessible resource for hydraulic structures researchers and hydraulic engineering professionals alike interested in the hydraulics of PK weirs.

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4

Seyedjavad, Minasadat, Seyed Taghi Omid Naeeni, and Mojtaba Saneie. "Laboratory Investigation on Discharge Coefficient of Trapezoidal Piano Key Side Weirs." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 6 (June 23, 2019): 1327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091335.

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A spillway is a hydraulic structure used to provide the controlled release of surplus waters and floods from a dam into a downstream area. A side weir is a multipurpose hydraulic structure which is constructed in water conveyance systems with a height lower than that of the canal wall. When the water surface level goes up, the side weir regulates the discharge and controls the water surface in the main canal. Besides, the side weir controls and diverts floods in dam reservoirs, diverts the flow and protects the structure against the river inundations. In this research, a laboratory investigation is performed with 16 Type-A piano key weirs and three different pier heights of 10, 15 and 20cm. These weirs are studied for two cases of 1 and 2. The results show that the weirs with 15cm and 20cm heights in both cases 1 and 2 have the highest discharge coefficient in dimensionless ratios of 0.2> H/P> 0.4 and H/P>0.5 respectively. Having reviewed previous studies, it could be concluded that the trapezoidal piano key side weir is capable of releasing a flow 1.2 times more than that of the linear trapezoidal labyrinth weir with 12 degrees angle and 1.87 times more than the one with 6 degrees angle, and 1.5 times more than that of the triangular labyrinth weir.

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5

Leite Ribeiro, M., M. Bieri, J. L. Boillat, A. J. Schleiss, G. Singhal, and N. Sharma. "Discharge Capacity of Piano Key Weirs." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 138, no. 2 (February 2012): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0000490.

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6

Kılıç, Zeyneb. "Geometric and Hydraulic Properties of Arced Labyrinth Weirs." International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 12, no. 02 (April 2, 2022): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14741/ijcet/v.12.2.4.

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Анотація:

Weirs serve a critical role in dam safety. Numerous reservoirs' flood projections used in hydraulic design have risen in magnitude in recent years. As a result, many current spillways are no longer adequate since they do not fulfill current discharge capacity standards. Labyrinth weirs are frequently used to rehabilitate existing fixed width spillways. Weirs come in a variety of shapes and sizes, including labyrinth, linear, piano key, and more. Labyrinth weirs enhance the weir crest length for a given width, which increases the weir flow capacity. The majority of labyrinth weirs are designed in linear designs. An Arced cycle layout can boost the discharge capacity and hydraulic efficiency of a labyrinth weir. The article cites an arced geometric layout for labyrinth weirs, as well as nomenclature for arcspecific geometric variables. Experimental studies in the literature are presented by discussing and comparing.

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7

Lantz, Wyatt, Brian Mark Crookston, and Michele Palermo. "Apron and Cutoff Wall Scour Protection for Piano Key Weirs." Water 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172332.

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Piano key (PK) weirs are used in a variety of flow control structure applications, including spillway crests and open channel diversion structures. However, to the best of authors’ knowledge, structure-specific design guidance for scour mitigation is still needed. To fill this gap of knowledge, a systematic experimental campaign was conducted by testing different configurations of horizontal aprons with a cutoff wall. Protection structures were located at the toe of the PK weir. Namely, experiments were performed at large-scale to assess the effect of three apron lengths on downstream scour hole geometry under different hydraulic conditions. It was observed that a horizontal apron deflects the plunging jets originating from the PK weir, thus significantly reducing scour. Experimental evidence allowed corroboration that significant scour depth reduction occurs for an apron length 1.5 times the weir height, with longer aprons found to provide marginal benefits. Finally, also provided herein are tools to estimate the main scour characteristics and help practitioners in optimizing apron design.

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8

Denys, Frank J. M., and Gerrit R. Basson. "Unsteady Hydrodynamic Behavior at Piano Key Weirs." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 146, no. 5 (May 2020): 04020028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001729.

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9

Truong, Hien Chi, and Thuan Hieu Tran. "THE CAPACITY OF THE LOW-HEIGHT PIANO KEY WEIR TYPE A IN DRAINAGE CANAL." Science and Technology Development Journal 12, no. 18 (December 15, 2009): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v12i18.2378.

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Анотація:

The capacity of PK piano weir is 4-5 times higher than conventional weir. This paper describes some hydraulic tests on the low-height P.K. weirs Type A, in order to show that it is possible to build in a drainage canal such a weir, which also improves safety and takes less labor to operate the system. The results of the performed tests can be used in practice as a design hydraulic feature for this weir type (the length of weir, the length of jump). In some cases, an adaptation of these tests could be required.

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10

Mehri, Yaser, Jaber Soltani, Mojtaba Saneie, and Mohhamad Rostami. "Discharge Coefficient of a C-Type Piano Key Side Weir at 30° and 120° Sections of a Curved Channel." Civil Engineering Journal 4, no. 7 (August 2, 2018): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-03091106.

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A piano key side weir (PKSW) is a non-linear weir that discharge exceeds linear weirs by increasing the length in width. PKSW can be used in side weirs with space limitation. As side weirs are extensively used in flood control, water level control in rivers, and water supply channels, it is necessary to use PKSW as side weirs. This research discusses the discharge coefficient of a PKSW by assessing a C-type PKSW at 30° and 120° sections of a channel with a longitudinal curve. Dimensional analysis was used for identifying the parameters effective in the discharge coefficient. The effects of these parameters are examined by analysing the effective parameters. Finally, an empirical relationship has been proposed for determining the discharge coefficient based on the dimensionless parameters for calculating the discharge coefficient with the correlation coefficient of 0.88 and the mean error of 0.091. The influence of the parameter on the PKSW is more than that of the remaining parameters: With an increase in the value of this parameter, considering decreases in the length of the deviation and a lack of submerged inlet keys, the coefficient of discharge increases.

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11

Vanishree, B. Rao, and R. Manjula. "Analysis of various parameters affecting weir design and fabrication of Weirs: An Overview." MATEC Web of Conferences 144 (2018): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814401006.

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Анотація:

Several geometric parameters influence weir discharge and it is explained in our present study. The PK weir is more efficient than rectangular labyrinth weir due to reduction in entrance losses of PK weir inlet key geometry. PK weir is a type of labyrinth weir with variation in angle. Therefore, in this paper we also discuss about labyrinth weir. PKW are compatible for constructing on existing or new spillway with lesser space requirement and structural stability. PKW are installed in order to increase the discharge capacity for a given footprint area. PKW is used to increase the overflow capacity of existing dams such as, Hazelmare dam (South Africa), Dartmouth dam (Australia). Trapezoidal piano key weirs have higher discharge efficiency than rectangular weirs and it is due to interference wedge. Cd of TPKW is influenced by L/W but Wi/Wo has least effect.

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12

Kumar, Binit, Subhojit Kadia, and Zulfequar Ahmad. "Sediment Movement over Type A Piano Key Weirs." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 147, no. 6 (June 2021): 04021018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0001561.

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13

Ribeiro, Marcelo Leite, Michael Pfister, Anton J. Schleiss, and Jean-Louis Boillat. "Hydraulic design of A-type Piano Key Weirs." Journal of Hydraulic Research 50, no. 4 (July 5, 2012): 400–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2012.695041.

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14

Erpicum, Sebastien, Blake P. Tullis, Maurine Lodomez, Pierre Archambeau, Benjamin J. Dewals, and Michel Pirotton. "Scale effects in physical piano key weirs models." Journal of Hydraulic Research 54, no. 6 (August 18, 2016): 692–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2016.1211562.

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15

Saghari, Abolfazl, Mojtaba Saneie, and Khosrow Hosseini. "Experimental study of one- and two-cycle trapezoidal piano-key side weirs in a curved channel." Water Supply 19, no. 6 (February 6, 2019): 1597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.029.

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Abstract Piano-key weirs can be used instead of classic rectangular side-weirs (CRSWs) to increase the discharge capacity of side weirs. So far, no research has been done on trapezoidal piano-key side weirs (TPKSWs) in a curved channel. This study examines the effect of using one or two cycles in TPKSWs on discharge capacity, having the same total width and upstream–downstream length. Dimensional analysis has been performed to determine the dimensionless parameters affecting the discharge coefficient related to the developed length (CdL) of TPKSWs in a curved channel. An empirical equation for CdL has been proposed based on the experimental results. There is a good agreement between estimated and measured data. Results showed that the discharge coefficient related to the total width of a TPKSW is 1.7 to 5.6 times higher than that of a CRSW. Also, the CdL of a one-cycle TPKSW is 1.4 to 2 times higher than that of a two-cycle TPKSW.

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16

Noseda, Mattia, Ivan Stojnic, Michael Pfister, and Anton J. Schleiss. "Upstream Erosion and Sediment Passage at Piano Key Weirs." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 145, no. 8 (August 2019): 04019029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001616.

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17

Machiels, O., S. Erpicum, P. Archambeau, B. J. Dewals, and M. Pirotton. "Method for the preliminary design of Piano Key Weirs." La Houille Blanche, no. 4–5 (October 2012): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2012025.

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18

Machiels, Olivier, Michel Pirotton, Archambeau Pierre, Benjamin Dewals, and Sébastien Erpicum. "Experimental parametric study and design of Piano Key Weirs." Journal of Hydraulic Research 52, no. 3 (March 26, 2014): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2013.875070.

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19

Kumar, Binit, Subhojit Kadia, and Zulfequar Ahmad. "Evaluation of discharge equations of the piano key weirs." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 68 (August 2019): 101577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2019.101577.

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20

Seyedjavad, Minasadat, SeyedTaghi Omid Naeeni, and Mojtaba Saneie. "Flow velocity pattern around trapezoidal piano key side weirs." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 76 (December 2020): 101847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2020.101847.

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21

Singh, Deepak, and Munendra Kumar. "Hydraulic Design and Analysis of Piano Key Weirs: A Review." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 47, no. 4 (January 16, 2022): 5093–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-06370-4.

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22

Mehboudi, A., J. Attari, and S. A. Hosseini. "Experimental study of discharge coefficient for trapezoidal piano key weirs." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 50 (August 2016): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2016.06.005.

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23

Karimi Chahartaghi, Mohammad, Sohrab Nazari, and Mohammad Mahmoodian Shooshtari. "Experimental and numerical simulation of arced trapezoidal piano key weirs." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 68 (August 2019): 101576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2019.101576.

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24

Kumar, Binit, Subhojit Kadia, and Zulfequar Ahmad. "Discharge Characteristics of Piano Key Weirs with and Without Upstream Siltation." International Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 9 (March 15, 2021): 1043–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40999-021-00607-x.

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25

Aboulhassane, Amal, Said Rhouzlane, Driss Ouazar, and Moulay Hafid Sounny Slitine. "Assessment of Piano Key Weirs Cost-Effectiveness: a Moroccan Case Study." International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE) 8, no. 5 (September 30, 2017): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/irece.v8i5.12862.

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26

Kabiri-Samani, Abdorreza, and Amir Javaheri. "Discharge coefficients for free and submerged flow over Piano Key weirs." Journal of Hydraulic Research 50, no. 1 (January 13, 2012): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2011.647888.

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27

Pfister, Michael, Sebastien Erpicum, Olivier Machiels, Anton J. Schleiss, and Michel Pirotton. "Discharge coefficient for free and submerged flow over Piano Key weirs." Journal of Hydraulic Research 50, no. 6 (November 13, 2012): 642–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2012.728025.

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28

Hu, Han, Zhongdong Qian, Wei Yang, Dongmei Hou, and Lan Du. "Numerical study of characteristics and discharge capacity of piano key weirs." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 62 (August 2018): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2018.05.004.

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29

Ramakrishn, K., R. Banupriya, and R. Rajashree. "Determination of Coefficient of Discharge for Piano Key Weirs of Varying Geometry." Asian Journal of Applied Sciences 7, no. 6 (August 1, 2014): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajaps.2014.499.509.

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30

Pfister, Michael, Damiano Capobianco, Blake Tullis, and Anton J. Schleiss. "Debris-Blocking Sensitivity of Piano Key Weirs under Reservoir-Type Approach Flow." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 139, no. 11 (November 2013): 1134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0000780.

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31

Saghari, Abolfazl, Khosrow Hosseini, and Mojtaba Saneie. "Experimental study of trapezoidal piano key side weirs in a curved channel." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 70 (December 2019): 101640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2019.101640.

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32

Li, Shanshan, Guodong Li, Duo Jiang, and Jian Ning. "Influence of auxiliary geometric parameters on discharge capacity of piano key weirs." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 72 (April 2020): 101719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2020.101719.

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33

Shen, Xiaoyang, and Mario Oertel. "Comparative Study of Nonsymmetrical Trapezoidal and Rectangular Piano Key Weirs with Varying Key Width Ratios." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 147, no. 11 (November 2021): 04021045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001942.

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34

Abhash, Amiya, and K. K. Pandey. "Numerical Study of Discharge-Head Relationship of Piano Key Weirs for Low Heads." Water Resources 48, no. 2 (March 2021): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0097807821020020.

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35

Rezaei, Vafa, Seyed Habib Musavi-Jahromi, Amir Khosrowjerdi, and Babak Beheshti. "Experimental and Simulation Studies on Water Discharge Coefficients of Rectangular Piano Key Weirs." International Journal of Technology 13, no. 4 (October 4, 2022): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v13i4.5377.

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36

Sangsefidi, Yousef, Hassan Tavakol-Davani, Masoud Ghodsian, Mojtaba Mehraein, and Reza Zarei. "Hydrodynamics and Free-Flow Characteristics of Piano Key Weirs with Different Plan Shapes." Water 13, no. 15 (July 31, 2021): 2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13152108.

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Анотація:

This paper focuses on Piano Key Weirs (PKWs) as an effective solution for improving the discharge capacity of spillway systems. The flow behavior in inlet and outlet keys is experimentally studied to analyze the discharge capacity of PKWs with different plan shapes (i.e., rectangular, trapezoidal, and triangular). The results show that in outlet keys, the flow aeration regimes extend to higher values of headwater ratios (Ho/P) by increasing the length magnification ratio (B/w) and apex width ratio (A/w). In addition, the local submergence length is a decreasing function of A/w, especially in high flow heads. While the total interference length enlarges by reducing A/w in lower Ho/P values (Ho/P < 0.5), a reverse trend is observed in higher headwater ratios. PKW performance may also be impacted by the flow contraction and recirculation zone in inlet keys, which intensify in higher values of Ho/P, B/w, and A/w. According to the obtained results, while the discharge coefficient is a decreasing function of A/w in Ho/P > 0.4, it may have a reverse trend in lower head conditions. In addition, a trapezoidal PKW has the highest discharge efficiency in a wide range of the studied domain (Ho/P > 0.25 and B/w ≥ 2). It can improve the discharge efficiency by around 5%, while its body volume is almost 7% smaller than the traditional rectangular PKW. However, for low-length and high-head conditions (B/w = 1 and Ho/P > 0.5), the efficiency a rectangular PKW exceeds that of the other shapes.

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37

Alizadeh Sanami, Forough, Mojtaba Saneie, and Mohammad Hadi Afshar. "Experimental Study of the Hydraulic Performance of D-Type Triangular Piano Key Weirs." International Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 1209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40999-021-00630-y.

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38

Koken, Mete, Ismail Aydin, and Serhan Ademoglu. "An iterative hydraulic design methodology based on numerical modeling for piano key weirs." Journal of Hydro-environment Research 40 (January 2022): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jher.2022.01.002.

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39

Mahabadi, Niloofar Aghili, and Hamed Reza Zarif Sanayei. "Performance evaluation of bilateral side slopes in piano key weirs by numerical simulation." Modeling Earth Systems and Environment 6, no. 3 (April 4, 2020): 1477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00764-3.

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40

Shaker, Majed, Badronnisa Yusuf, Saleh Khassaf, Balqis Mohamed, and Nor Azlina Alias. "Novel Techniques to Study the Effect of Parapet Wall Geometry on the Performance of Piano Key Weirs." Water 15, no. 13 (June 21, 2023): 2307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15132307.

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Piano key weirs (PKWs) with crown parapet walls effectively manage water levels and maximize storage. However, their efficiency is compromised by interactions between water flow and submerged outlets during rising water levels. This study investigates novel parapet wall designs to improve PKW performance and reduce submergence effects. The experiment focuses on a PKW with a fixed 12.6 cm weir height. Three parapet wall configurations are tested: Mode 1 (walls on all apex), Mode 2 (walls fixed on sides and inlet), and Mode 3 (walls along the sides). Each mode includes three parapet wall profiles: rectangular (consistent form), triangular, and trapezoidal (varying characteristics). Results indicate that parapet wall design significantly affects water level variations with increasing wall height. Mode 3, featuring triangular and trapezoidal parapet walls, demonstrates the highest discharge capacity among the examined profiles. The discharge coefficient correlates with parapet wall height and form. Notably, the triangular wall in Mode 3 outperforms Modes 1 and 2 when parapet walls maintain an R/P ratio of 0.36. This study introduces innovative parapet wall designs to enhance PKW efficiency. By implementing advanced configurations, significant improvements in water control and discharge capacity can be achieved. These findings contribute to the state-of-the-art in PKW technology and offer valuable insights for practical engineering applications.

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41

Bekheet, Amr A., Nahla M. AboulAtta, Neveen Y. Saad, and Doaa A. El-Molla. "Effect of the shape and type of piano key weirs on the flow efficiency." Ain Shams Engineering Journal 13, no. 3 (May 2022): 101620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2021.10.015.

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Li, Shanshan, Guodong Li, and Duo Jiang. "Physical and Numerical Modeling of the Hydraulic Characteristics of Type-A Piano Key Weirs." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 146, no. 5 (May 2020): 06020004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001716.

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Ghanbari, Rezvan, and Mohammad Heidarnejad. "Experimental and numerical analysis of flow hydraulics in triangular and rectangular piano key weirs." Water Science 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11104929.2020.1724649.

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44

Zounemat-Kermani, Mohammad, and Amin Mahdavi-Meymand. "Hybrid meta-heuristics artificial intelligence models in simulating discharge passing the piano key weirs." Journal of Hydrology 569 (February 2019): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.11.052.

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45

Naghib Zadeh, Seyed Mehdi, Mohammad Heidarnejad, Alireza Masjedi, Amirabbas Kamanbedast, and Amin Bordbar. "Comparison of energy dissipation in downstream of stepped and baffled spillways of piano key weirs." Tecnología y ciencias del agua 11, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 215–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2020-04-07.

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46

Ariyamanesh, Atiye, and Mohammad Heidarnejad. "Laboratory investigation of the discharge coefficient of triangular labyrinth weirs with and without slots and comparing them with piano key weirs*." Irrigation and Drainage 69, no. 5 (July 26, 2020): 1167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.2509.

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47

Schleiss, Anton J., Sebastien Erpicum, and Jorge Matos. "Advances in Spillway Hydraulics: From Theory to Practice." Water 15, no. 12 (June 7, 2023): 2161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15122161.

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Over the past decades, significant advances have been achieved in hydraulic structures for dams, namely in water release structures such as spillway weirs, chutes, and energy dissipators. This editorial presents a brief overview of the eleven papers in this Special Issue, Advances in Spillway Hydraulics: From Theory to Practice, and frames them in current research trends. This Special Issue explores the following topics: spillway inlet structures, spillway transport structures, and spillway outlet structures. For the first topic of spillway inlet structures, this collection includes one paper on the hydrodynamics and free-flow characteristics of piano key weirs with different plan shapes and another that presents a theoretical model for the flow at an ogee crest axis for a wide range of head ratios. Most of the contributions address the second topic of spillway transport structures as follows: a physical modeling of a beveled-face stepped chute; the description and recent developments of the generalized, energy-based, water surface profile calculation tool SpillwayPro; an application of the SPH method on non-aerated flow over smooth and stepped converging spillways; a physical model study of the effect of stepped chute slope reduction on the bottom-pressure development; an assessment of a spillway offset aerator with a comparison of the two-phase volume of fluid and complete two-phase Euler models included in the OpenFOAM® toolbox; an evaluation of the performance and design of a stepped spillway aerator based on a physical model study. For the third topic of spillway outlet structures, physical model studies are presented on air–water flow in rectangular free-falling jets, the performance of a plain stilling basin downstream of 30° and 50° inclined smooth and stepped chutes, and scour protection for piano key weirs with apron and cutoff wall. Finally, we include a brief discussion about some research challenges and practice-oriented questions.

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48

Li, Guodong, Shanshan Li, and Yuan Hu. "The effect of the inlet/outlet width ratio on the discharge of piano key weirs." Journal of Hydraulic Research 58, no. 4 (October 25, 2019): 594–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2019.1647884.

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Mehri, Yaser, Jaber Soltani, and Morteza Khashehchi. "Predicting the coefficient of discharge for piano key side weirs using GMDH and DGMDH techniques." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 65 (March 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2018.11.002.

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Crookston, B. M., S. Erpicum, B. P. Tullis, and F. Laugier. "Hydraulics of Labyrinth and Piano Key Weirs: 100 Years of Prototype Structures, Advancements, and Future Research Needs." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 145, no. 12 (December 2019): 02519004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001646.

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