Статті в журналах: "Phytosociological characterization"

1

Concenço, G., M. Tomazi, I. V. T. Correia, S. A. Santos, and L. Galon. "Phytosociological surveys: tools for weed science?" Planta Daninha 31, no. 2 (June 2013): 469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582013000200025.

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In simple terms, a phytosociological survey is a group of ecological evaluation methods whose aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of both the composition and distribution of plant species in a given plant community. To understand the applicability of phytosociological surveys for weed science, as well as their validity, their ecological basis should be understood and the most suitable ones need to be chosen, because cultivated fields present a relatively distinct group of selecting factors when compared to natural plant communities. For weed science, the following sequence of steps is proposed as the most suitable: (1) overall infestation; (2) phytosociological tables/graphs; (3) intra-characterization by diversity; (4) inter-characterization and grouping by cluster analysis. A summary of methods is established in order to assist Weed Science researchers through their steps into the realm of phytosociology.

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Rodríguez-Oubiña, Juan, Jesús Izco, and Pablo Ramil. "Phytosociological characterization ofSphagnum pylaesiiBrid. communities in Northwest Spain." Acta Botanica Gallica 148, no. 3 (January 2001): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2001.10515888.

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Slack, Nancy G. "Distribution, Ecological Amplitude, and Phytosociological Characterization of European Bryophytes." Bryologist 105, no. 3 (September 2002): 503–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745(2002)105[0503:]2.0.co;2.

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Patricia, KONAN Affoué, NEUBA Danho Fursy Rodelec, AKAFFOU Tchimou Antoine, KOUGBO Ménéké Distel, and ADJOUMANI Kobenan Ange-Pierre. "PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE UNDERGROWTH OF BANCO NATIONAL PARK FOREST." International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch 07, no. 06 (2022): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35410/ijaeb.2022.5783.

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The Diversity of the understory is an important factor in predicting the future of forest ecosystems. It is of great interest for the development and conservation of biodiversity. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of disturbances in the undergrowth of Banco National Park. To this end, the phytosociological characterization of the undergrowth of the old disturbed sites and the forest reserve was carried out. The method used is that of phytosociology under its synusial approach. 91 surveys (82 in the former silvicultural treatment sites and 9 in forest reserve) identifies 302 species of phanerophytes distributed among 210 genera and 70 families. The dendrogram resulting from ascending hierarchical classification of readings revealed three syntaxa, two of which consist essentially of surveys of old disturbed sites and one of the surveys of the forest reserve. These syntaxons are characteristic of understory of preclimacic formations at different stages of development. The impact of disturbances is still felt in the undergrowth of Banco National Park Forest in terms of floristic richness and the distribution of species abundance in the former disturbed sites and in forest reserve.

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Pesaresi, Simone, Adriano Mancini, and Simona Casavecchia. "Recognition and Characterization of Forest Plant Communities through Remote-Sensing NDVI Time Series." Diversity 12, no. 8 (August 14, 2020): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12080313.

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Phytosociology is a reference method to classify vegetation that relies on field data. Its classification in hierarchical vegetation units, from plant associations to class level, hierarchically reflects the floristic similarity between different sites on different spatial scales. The development of remotely sensed multispectral platforms as satellites enormously contributes to the detection and mapping of vegetation on all scales. However, the integration between phytosociology and remotely sensed data is rather difficult and little practiced despite being a goal for the modern science of vegetation. In this study, we demonstrate how normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series with functional principal component analysis (FPCA) could support the analyses of phytosociologists. The approach supports the recognition and characterization of forest plant communities identified on the ground by the phytosociological approach by using NDVI time series that encode phenological behaviors. The methodology was evaluated in two study areas of central Italy, and it could characterize and discriminate six different forest plant associations that have similar dominant tree species but distinct specific composition: three dominated by black hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) and three dominated by holm oak (Quercus ilex). The methodology was also able to optimize the ground data collection of unexplored areas (from a phytosociological point of view) by using a phenoclustering approach. The obtained results confirmed that by using remote sensing, it is possible to separate and distinguish plant communities in an objective/instrumental way, thus overcoming the subjectivity intrinsic to the phytosociological method. In particular, FPCA functional components (NDVI seasonalities) were significantly correlated with vegetation abundance data variation (Mantel r = 0.76, p < 0.001).

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Reinecke, Jennifer, and Elena Troeva. "Extrazonal steppes and other temperate grasslands of northern Siberia − Phytosociological classification and ecological characterization." Phytocoenologia 47, no. 2 (July 20, 2017): 167–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/2017/0175.

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da Silva, Ester Fonseca, Fernando Ramos de Souza, Lucas Cesar Martins, Miler Soares Machado, Junior Borella, and Aroldo Ferreira Lopes Machado. "Phytosociological characterization of weed communities along a railway crossing the Atlantic Forest biome (Brazil)." Phytocoenologia 50, no. 2 (July 10, 2020): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/2020/0355.

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Wojewoda, Władysław. "Macromycetes of the Ojców National Park. II. Phytosociological, ecological and geographical characterization." Acta Mycologica 11, no. 2 (November 21, 2014): 163–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1975.012.

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Ecological and geographical characterization of macromycetes of the Ojców Naional Park is given. The investigations have been carried out in all plant communities of the Park: forest and shrub associations, communities of felled forest areas, of rocks and xerothermic grasslands, of meadows and pastures, and of cultivated fields. A new association (Stropharietum semiglobatae) is described.

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Musarella, Carmelo Maria, Salvatore Brullo, and Gianpietro Giusso del Galdo. "Contribution to the Orophilous Cushion-Like Vegetation of Central-Southern and Insular Greece." Plants 9, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 1678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9121678.

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The results of a phytosociological investigation regarding the orophilous cushion-like vegetation occurring in the top of the high mountains of central-southern Greece and in some Ionian (Lefkas, Cephalonia) and Aegean Islands (Euboea, Samos, Lesvos, Chios and Thassos) are provided. Based on 680 phytosociological relevès (460 unpublished and 220 from literature), a new syntaxonomical arrangement is proposed with the description of a new class, including two new orders, eight new alliances, and several associations (many of them new). Compared to the previous hierarchical framework usually followed in the literature, this study provides a more realistic and clear phytosociological characterization of this peculiar and archaic vegetation type, which is exclusive to the high mountains of the north-eastern Mediterranean. The new arrangement is mainly based on the phytogeographical role of the orophytes featuring this very specialized vegetation, which is essentially represented by endemics or rare species belonging to the ancient Mediterranean Tertiary flora. In addition, taxonomic research on the orophilous flora occurring in these plant communities allowed to identify six species new to science (i.e., Astragalus corinthiacus, Allium cremnophilum, A. cylleneum, A. orosamium, A. karvounis, and A. lefkadensis) and a new subspecies (i.e., Allium hirtovaginatum subsp. samium), and two new combinations (i.e., Astragalus rumelicus subsp. euboicus and subsp. taygeticus) are proposed.

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10

Warcholińska, Aurelia U. "Differentiation and distribution of Spergulo-Veronicetum dillenii (Wójcik 1965) Warcholińska 1981 in Poland." Acta Agrobotanica 59, no. 2 (2012): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2006.084.

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The study presents an analysis of the diversity of the Spergulo-Veronicetum dillenii association in Poland. On the basis of reviewed literature data and own contemporary investigation results (Warcholińska , 2004) species richness and community structure of the association are presented. Its phytosociological-syntaxonomical characterization and occurrence conditions are specified. Besides, the distribution and occurrence range of the discussed association are given.

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Souza, Mary Regina de, Maria Beatriz Ferreira, Geovana Gomes de Sousa, Allyson Rocha Alves, and Alan Cauê de Holanda. "CARACTERIZAÇÃO FLORÍSTICA E FITOSSOCIOLÓGICA DO COMPONENTE LENHOSO DE UM FRAGMENTO FLORESTAL DE CAATINGA EM SERRA DO MEL, RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRASIL." Nativa 8, no. 3 (April 25, 2020): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v8i3.9136.

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A caatinga apresenta uma diversidade de fisionomias e um enorme quadro de degradação, sendo importantes os estudos relacionados a fitossociologia para a caracterização da vegetação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo de florística e fitossociologia em um fragmento florestal de caatinga no município de Serra do Mel no Rio Grande do Norte. Para realização do estudo foi realizado um levantamento da vegetação adotando-se a Amostragem Inteiramente Aleatória, onde foram marcadas 10 unidades amostrais de 20 x 20 m (400 m²). Foram amostrados todos os indivíduos florestais arbustivos-arbóreos vivos com CAP ≥ 6 cm. Foram avaliados todos os parâmetros fitossociológicos da estrutura horizontal e vertical, a diversidade florística das espécies através do Índice de Shannon-Weaver (H’), dominância de Simpson (C) e equabilidade de Pielou (J’). No levantamento foram encontradas 7 famílias, 12 gêneros e 12 espécies. As famílias com maior número de espécies e de indivíduos foram a Fabaceae e Euphorbiaceae. Croton blanchetianus, Mimosa tenuiflora, Bauhinia forficata, Mimosa ophthalmocentra e Poincianella pyramidalis foram as espécies que assumiram maior importância na área de estudo sob os aspectos fitossociológicos. A área do presente estudo apresenta baixa diversidade de espécies se comparada com outros fragmentos florestais de caatinga já estudados. Palavras-chave: Estrutura; Diversidade; Caatinga. FLORISTIC-PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE WOODY COMPONENT IN A CAATINGA FRAGMENT IN SERRA DO MEL, RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRAZIL ABSTRACT:The caatinga presents a diversity of physiognomies and a huge degradation picture, being important the studies related to phytosociology for the characterization of the vegetation. The aim of this work was to carry out a floristic and phytosociological study in a forest fragment of caatinga in Serra do Mel, Rio Grande do Norte. To carry out the study, a survey of the vegetation was performed adopting the Random Sampling, where 10 sample units of 20 x 20 m (400 m²) were marked. All living shrubby-arboreal forest individuals with CAP ≥ 6 cm were sampled. All phytosociological parameters of horizontal and vertical structure, floristic diversity of species was evaluated through Shannon-Weaver Index (H'), Simpson dominance (C) and Pielou equability (J'). The analytic survey found 7 families, 12 genera and 12 species. The families with the largest number of species and individuals were Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae. Croton blanchetianus, Mimosa tenuiflora, Bauhinia forficata, Mimosa ophthalmocentra and Poincianella pyramidalis were the most important species in the study area under phytosociological aspects. The area of the present study presents low species diversity compared to other forest fragments of caatinga already studied.Keywords: Phytosociology; diversity; Caatinga.

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Loidi, Javier. "The concept of vegetation class and order in phytosociological syntaxonomy." Vegetation Classification and Survey 1 (December 21, 2020): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vcs/2020/59977.

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In order to stabilize the defining concepts of the higher rank syntaxonomic units such as class or order, the criteria of floristic content and unity of origin are enunciated. This is done with the aim of preventing the fragmentation of the large classes and the subsequent typological inflation. For orders, the criterion of specific floristic content is discussed, with orders that have been described to encompass seral secondary forests or the separation of forest vegetation from that which is dominated by shrubs rejected, due to their weak floristic characterization. These criteria have been applied to two forest vegetation classes: the European temperate (Querco-Fagetea) and the Mediterranean (Quercetea ilicis). For the first, it is argued in favor of maintaining a single class for all temperate deciduous forests in Europe instead of dividing them into four. Within this single class five orders are distinguished: Fagetalia, Quercetalia roboris, Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae, Alno-Fraxinetalia and Populetalia albae, rejecting the orders that have been proposed for secondary forests because they have few characteristic taxa. For the sclerophyllous and macchia forests of Mediterranean Europe, the Quercetea ilicis class can be split into two or three geographical orders, rejecting the Pistacio-Rhamnetalia alaterni as a shrubby physiognomic unit. Taxonomic reference: Castroviejo S (coord. gen.) (1986–2012) Flora iberica 1–8, 10–15, 17–18, 21. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid, ES. Syntaxonomic reference: Mucina et al. (2016).

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Rahman, Inayat Ur, Aftab Afzal, Zafar Iqbal, Mashail Nasser Alzain, Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani, Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi, Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah, et al. "Classification and Characterization of the Manoor Valley’s (Lesser Himalaya) Vegetation from the Subtropical-Temperate Ecotonal Forests to the Alpine Pastures along Ecological Variables." Plants 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11010087.

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Plant species are distributed in different types of habitats, forming different communities driven by different sets of environmental variables. Here, we assessed potential plant communities along an altitudinal gradient and their associations with different environmental drivers in the unexplored Manoor Valley (Lesser Himalaya), Pakistan. We have implemented various ecological techniques and evaluated phytosociological attributes in three randomly selected 50 m-transects within each stand (a total of 133) during different seasons for four years (2015–2018). This phytosociological exploration reported 354 plant species representing 93 different families. The results revealed that the Therophytic life form class dominated the flora, whereas Nanophyll dominated the leaf size spectra. There were a total of twelve plant communities identified, ranging from the lowest elevations to the alpine meadows and cold deserts. The maximum number of species were found in Cedrus–Pinus–Parrotiopsis community (197 species), in the middle altitudinal ranges (2292–3168 m). Our results showed that at high altitudes, species richness was reduced, whereas an increase in soil nutrients was linked to progression in vegetation indicators. We also found different clusters of species with similar habitats. Our study clearly shows how altitudinal variables can cluster different plant communities according to different microclimates. Studies such as ours are paramount to better understanding how environmental factors influence ecological and evolutionary aspects.

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Gianotti, André Rodrigues da Cunha, Maria José Hatem de Souza, Israel Marinho Pereira, Evandro Luiz Mendonça Machado, Artur Duarte Vieira, and Mariana Rodrigues Magalhães. "Soil and phytosociological characterization of an area with predominance of arnica (Lychnophora pohlii sch. bip.)." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 37, no. 3 (June 2013): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832013000300002.

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Lychnophora pohlii Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae), known as "Arnica mineira", is widely used in folk medicine and very abundant in the altitude vegetation of rocky grassland. The aim of this work was to study the density of this species and its relationship with soil parameters in rocky grassland in Diamantina, in the Upper Jequitinhonha region, Minas Gerais. Ten contiguous 20 x 50 m plots were marked (total sampled area 10,000 m²) on the campus Juscelino Kubitschek of the Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM). The plants in these plots were evaluated for frequency, dominance and density. The relationship between the density of this species with nine soil physical and chemical properties was analyzed by means of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The highest plant abundance (I) of the species Lychnophora pohlii Sch. Bip. was found in the vegetation sampling areas: plot 6 with 255 plants, plot 7 with 173, plot 8 with 189, plot 9 with 159, and plot 1 with 151 plants. In these areas, the floristic soil characteristics were similar, resulting in spatial proximity in the ACC diagrams. The density of Lychnophora pohlii was higher in plots with higher pH, P-rem and base saturation, the variables most strongly correlated with the first axis of canonical correspondence analysis.

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Górski, Piotr. "The Nardo-Gnaphalietum supini plant association in the Western Carpathians (the Tatra Mts and the Babia Góra Massif)." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 73, no. 1 (2011): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2004.012.

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This article is the first published information on the occurrence of the snow-beds of Nardo-Gnaphalietum supini in the Western Carpathians. So far, localities of Nardo-Gnaphalietum supini phytocoenoses have been known exclusively from the Alps, the Black Forest, and the Eastern Carpathians. During this study, carried out in the Polish Carpathians, phytocoenoses of Nardo-Gnaphalietum were recorded in the two highest massifs - the Tatra Mountains and the Babia Góra Massif. They were closely related to anthropogenically-influenced sites with exposed and lumped ground located near tourist routes. Habitat characterization and spatial complexes of the patches of Nardo-Gnaphalietum in the investigated area are given herein.Critical revision of phytosociological data from the Alps and the Eastern Carpathians revealed that the discussed phytocoenoses have been described within the communities of Luzuletum alpino-pilosae, Salicetum herbaceae or Nardetum strictae. In this study, all phytosociological data concerning the association were collected and the floristic distinction of the phytocoenoses of particular mountain massifs is discussed. A new subassociation Nardo-Gnaphalietum oligotrichetosum hercynici was distinguished on the basis of local habitat variability. Although Nardo-Gnaphalietum supini does not have characteristic species, it is a well-distinguished typological unit in the class Salicetea herbaceae Br.-Bl. 1948, and is a central association of the alliance Nardo-Salicion herbaceae Englisch 1999.

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John, Chris, Vishram Ram, Sushree Panda, and Ngangbam Pusparani. "Phytosociological studies of weeds associated with rice in Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 60, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 603–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.4.13.

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Rice-based cropping systems are predominant in Meghalaya, India, comprising rice-potato, rice-mustard, rice-pea and rice monocropping systems. In areas that have shifted to cultivating cash crops, rice has supplanted the consumption of millet and maize as the principal staple. Thus, paddy-based weed assemblages are of significant importance in maximizing grain yields. Characterization and descriptive analysis of weed communities in crops can be brought about by phytosociological studies. Knowledge of the relative importance of spatial and temporal variables, environmental conditions and management practices as filters for weed assemblages will prove to be useful in putting together an effective decision support system for their management. Through this comparative survey of 66 paddy fields, distributed homogenously throughout Jirang, Umling and Umsning blocks of Ri-Bhoi, an attempt has been made to study the weed vegetation associated with paddy in the Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya, in order to assess the effects of agricultural intensification on the diversity, structure and composition of weed communities. Jirang block recorded the maximum weed diversity, followed by Umsning and Umling blocks. Understanding the connections between weed species and landscape elements is necessary for developing alternative weed management strategies.

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Bogosavljevic, Jelena, Aleksandar Djordjevic, Urban Silc, Zora Dajic-Stevanovic, Svetlana Acic, and Svjetlana Radmanovic. "Characterization of soils on consolidated limestone and its relations to grassland vegetation." Archives of Biological Sciences, no. 00 (2023): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs230106006b.

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Understanding the relations between soil features and plant responses is important for agricultural production and nature conservation. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of the influence of soils? physical and chemical features on the composition of plant species and richness in grasslands studied on the limestone massif in eastern Serbia (Mt. Rtanj). The data set included 22 phytosociological relev?s, the same number of corresponding mixed soil samples (0-10 cm depth) and 8 soil profiles. Two vegetation types were distinguished by numerical classification as Saturejion montanae and Festucion valesiacae. The results of detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) indicated that the most important soil parameters affecting species composition in dry grasslands were humus, the content of calcium, soil exchange capacity and base saturation, in addition to total acidity, pH and soil depth. The communities of both vegetation types are developed on Leptosols and Phaeozems. Under similar physical and chemical conditions of the soil, the grassland vegetation exhibits differences in floristic composition.

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CONCENÇO, G., A. ANDRES, G. M. TELÓ, M. B. MARTINS, and I. S. MOISINHO. "PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF WEEDS AS A FUNCTION OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES APPLIED TO RICE GROWN UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION." Experimental Agriculture 54, no. 2 (February 27, 2017): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479717000059.

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SUMMARYWe aimed to characterize the weed community in sprinkler irrigated rice, previously applied with residual herbicides for two years, as well as to infer about sustainability of the management applied to the fields based on an ecological approach. The experiment was conducted during the cropping seasons 2013/14 and 2014/15, under sprinkler irrigation. Rice was planted in the second-half of October, using the cultivar PUITA INTA CL. Herbicides were applied in pre- and post-emergence (sequential application) of crop and weeds. Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was planted in winter. In May 2015, soil samples were collected for the soil seed bank study. Phytosociological characterization of weeds emerged from the seed bank was conducted from May 2015 to January 2016, until soil seed bank depletion. Echinochloa crusgalli, Fimbristyllis sp., Cyperus esculentus and Killinga brevifolia were the weeds to which most concern should be directed when growing rice under sprinkler irrigation in lowland areas of Southern Brazil. Their competition strategies are based on density. Herbicides used should be efficient in controlling at least these four weed species. A selecting action of herbicides on weed species was botanically characterized, as the weed species reported after two cropping seasons depended on the herbicide treatment applied.

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Nikolov, Ivaylo Dimitrov, and Marius Alipiev Dimitrov. "Forest habitats on the territory of the National Park “Central Balkan” Bulgaria." Hacquetia 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 215–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hacq-2022-0021.

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Abstract Identification and characterization of forest habitats on the territory of the “Central Balkan” National Park in Bulgaria was carried out. The national park is one of the most valuable and largest protected areas in Europe – second category according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Based on 786 phytosociological relevés, a total of 17 different habitat types, according to EUNIS were identified and mapped. The habitats were ecologically characterized by Ellenberg indicator values and their area was determined. A comparison was made with the areas determined in previous works. The applied method is suitable for the purposes of managing protected territories and zones, for monitoring the status and especially the conservation status of the habitats. The results and especially the established new habitats support this point of view.

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Stešević, Danijela, Filip Küzmič, Đorđije Milanović, Milica Stanišić-Vujačić, and Urban Šilc. "Coastal sand dune vegetation of Velika plaža (Montenegro)." Acta botanica Croatica 79, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2020-003.

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Velika plaža (Ulcinj, Montenegro) is the largest sandy beach along the coast of the eastern Adriatic that still has well-developed sand-dune vegetation. Although the characterization of the flora and vegetation of Velika plaža has been addressed by many authors, knowledge on its vegetation remained poor. We made a phytosociological study of sand beach vegetation comprising both dunal and wetland areas to provide a comprehensive survey of sand dune vegetation and habitat typology of Velika plaža. Based on 149 relevés (both from literature and recent field work), and with numerical classification (Flexible beta) and ordination (Non-metric multidimensional scaling) our results show that the vegetation of Velika plaža is much more diverse than previously known. Altogether, 19 plant communities from 6 vegetation classes were identified. Among them we described two new associations: Cuscuto cesatianae-Phyletum nodiflorae and Onobrychido caput-galli-Vulpietum fasciculatae.

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Sales, Denyse Cássia de Maria, Ana Laura da Silva Luz, Nívea Maria Mafra Rodrigues, Wendel Kaian Mendonça Oliveira, Raimundo Thiago Lima da Silva, and João Olegário Pereira de Carvalho. "Floristic and phytosociological study of an urban fragment of secondary Amazonian forest in Capitão Poço – PA." Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias 22, no. 4 (December 29, 2023): 733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5965/223811712242023733.

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Secondary forests constitute important regenerating areas and they are expanding rapidly in the Amazonian landscape. The characterization of forest remnants provides essential information for conservation, management and recovery actions. The objective of the present study was to conduct a floristic and phytosociological evaluation of an urban fragment of secondary Amazonian forest (8.12 ha) in Capitão Poço, Pará. Trees with DBH ≥ 3.2 cm were inventoried in five 15 m x 30 m plots. The floristic diversity, importance value, and diametric distribution were investigated. In the survey, 236 individuals from 23 species were recorded. The floristic diversity index was 2.58. The most important species were Cecropia obtusa Trécul and Lacistema pubescens Mart. The curve of distribution of individuals in diametric classes followed a negative exponential pattern (inverted J-shape), with most individuals in the smallest diametric classes. These results imply that the forest presents species typical of initial stages of succession. Thus, conservation actions are needed to increase the local diversity. In addition, the studied forest is essential for academic and environmental education activities. We recommend further floristic studies in the area in order to assess the dynamics of the species in the forest community.

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Ribeiro, Maria Margarida, Tatiana Diamantino, Joana Domingues, Ílio Montanari, Marcos Nopper Alves, and José Carlos Gonçalves. "Stevia rebaudiana germplasm characterization using microsatellite markers and steviol glycosides quantification by HPLC." Molecular Biology Reports 48, no. 3 (March 2021): 2573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06308-x.

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AbstractStevia rebaudianaBertoni, Asteraceae, is an herbaceous perennial plant native to Paraguay. This species is considered since ancient times a medicinal plant with important bioactive compounds and pharmacologic and food properties, namely diterpenes glycosides. The high natural sweetener potential stevioside and rebaudioside A produced byS. rebaudianaplants are suitable sucrose substitutes, and their obtention is influenced by environmental, phytosociological, and genetic factors. The plants’ genetic profile and sweet potential depiction are needed for suitable plant selection for improvement and deployment. Thirty-oneS. rebaudianaaccessions grown in the same plot where leaves samples were collected in early 2019, were genotyped using six microsatellite markers, including two steviol glycosides biosynthesis functionally involved markers. Additionally, an aqueous extract of each sample was obtained in a water bath and purified by SPE for stevioside and rebaudioside A quantification by normal phase HPLC. Stevioside and rebaudioside A contents varied between 0.53–7.36% (w w−1) and 0.37–3.60% (w w−1), respectively. Two genotypes displayed interesting ratios of rebaudioside A/stevioside (number 3 and 33). The level of genetic similarity between genotypes was tested through a pairwise similarity coefficient, and two groups of individuals had the same fingerprinting. Strong relatedness was found within genotypes, possibly due to cloning, thus, influx of new germplasm ought to be made to prevent mating between relatives, and for further selection and genetic improvement.

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Zauski, Tomasz. "Łąki selernicowe (związek Cnidion dubii Bal.-Tul. 1966) w Polsce [Meadow communities of Cnidion dubii Bal.-Tul. 1966 alliance in Poland]." Monographiae Botanicae 77 (2014): 1–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/mb.1995.001.

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The paper contains a characterization of the alliance Cnidion dubii Bal.-Tul. 1966 and of the association Violo-Cnidietum dubii Walther in Tx. 1954, belonging to it, both of which so far unreported from Poland. The syntaxonomy of those units has been based on analytic-synthetical phytosociological studies with the use of numerical classification and ordination methods, mainly of the TWINSPAN program. To demonstrate the distinct character of the units under study from Poland, the alliance Cnidion dubii has been analysed in comparison with the alliances Molinion caeruleae and Alopecurion pratensis. The identify of the association has been established by analysing Polish and European materials. New criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of the associations of the alliance Cnidion dubii in Central Europe. The rank of some diagnostic species of the association and of the alliance has been verified. The nomenclature of the units has been based on the principles of the Code of phytosociological nomenclature. The association Violo-Cnidietum dubii from the area of Poland has been characterized syntaxonomically, synchorologically and synecologically. Three subassociations have been described: Violo-Cnidietum dubii Walther in Tx. 1954 typicum, V.-C.d. stellarietosum palustris T. Załuski subass. nova, V.-C.d. galietosum veris T. Załuski subass. nova, including eight variants. At the same time, the distinct character of communities with Cnidium dubium and Molinia caerulea has been demonstrated, and they have been classified with Molinietum caeruleae W. Koch 1926 cnidietosum dubii T. Załuski subass. nova.

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Sułkowska, Małgorzata. "Genetic and Ecotype Characterization of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Poland." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2010-0009.

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European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most important forest tree species in Poland and it covers 5.2% of forest area. Present genetic structure of beech populations has been formed within the last few thousand years and influenced by many different factors, not only of environmental (postglacial) and genetic origin, but also by anthropogenic ones. In Poland, beech attains its north-eastern limit of natural range, and is limited by continental climate, winter temperatures, air humidity and soil conditions. The growth of beech stands outside the natural beech limit indicates that the species possesses a potentially wider range. Based on their phytosociological characteristics, nine beech experimental plots of one hectare area were established in selected seed stands, representing the typical plant associations and the most important beech provenance (seed) regions. The genetic analyses were performed using isoenzyme electrophoresis for seven loci (GOT, LAP, MDH, MNR, PGM, PGI, SKDH) and DNA markers using RAPD primers. The following genetic parameters were calculated: average number of alleles per locus, percentage of polymorphic loci and heterozygosity (on the basis of isoenzyme analysis). Dendrograms based on genetic distances were constructed. There is a slight decrease of genetic variation of beech populations towards the north of Poland, which can be explained by migration paths and selection after the glacial period. The genetic differentiation of beech in Poland does not allow distinguishing provenance regions. The data show a mosaic character of species differentiation and an ecotypic variation.

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Reis, Régilla Martins dos, Ariadne Enes Rocha, Mary Jane Nunes Carvalho, Larissa de Paula Viana da Silva, Francisca Helena Muniz, Georgiana Eurides de Carvalho Marques, and Mário Luiz Ribeiro Mesquita. "Characterization of vegetation structure in areas of natural occurrence of Hancornia speciosa Gomes." JANUARY 2021, no. 15(01):2021 (January 2, 2021): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.01.2017.

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The mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) has great food and pharmaceutical values but its production is almost entirely made by people gathering fruits in forests, which increases the risk extinction, particularly in savannah regions. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare floristic, phytosociology and species diversity in five areas of natural occurrence of mangabeira. All plants with a diameter at soil level equal to or greater than five cm were selected by the quadrant method in five villages in the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. The assessed variables for the whole vegetation were number of individuals, number of species, total density, the Shannon Diversity Index (H'), the Jaccard Similarity Index, total plant height and diameter at soil level. The phytosociological parameters computed for the mangabeira population were absolute and relative density, frequency and dominance; basal area, importance value and cover value. We recorded 1,696 plants from 26 species and 16 families. Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae and Fabaceae were the families that stood out most with two species each. The species diversity was low in all villages, varying from H’= 0.659 in Santana to H’ = 1.777 in Recanto. The floristic similarity among the vegetation in all villages was low except between Patizal and Recurso (0.571). For the mangabeira population, the importance value and cover value were higher in Santana, with 79.35% and 85.28% respectively and the highest values of plant height (6.02 meters) and diameter at soil level (13.76 cm) were found in Patizal village. These results could be used for management, preservation and sustainability of the mangabeira in northeastern Brazil.

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Ramírez S., Javier, Verónica Hoyos C., and Guido Plaza T. "Phytosociology of weeds associated with rice crops in the department of Tolima, Colombia." Agronomía Colombiana 33, no. 1 (June 9, 2015): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v33n1.46747.

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Phytosociological studies allow for the characterization and descriptive analysis of weed communities in crops. This study aimed to characterize the weed communities associated with weed crops in the “Centro, Meseta, and Norte” zones of the Tolima Department. The study was conducted in 96 commercial lots, in which a 1 ha area was marked off for the sampling. The development stage, density and cover of the weeds were evaluated. The importance value index, the alpha diversity indices of Shannon-Wiener, Simpson and uniformity as well as the similarity indices of Jaccard, Sorensen and Steinhaus were calculated. For the entire department, 42 weed species were identified, with Echinochloa colona being the principal one in all of the zones. In the Centro zone, 27 species were identified; in the Meseta zone, 31 species were identified; and, in the Norte zone, 38 species were identified. The alpha indices demonstrated that the Meseta zone was the most diverse. The Jaccard and Sorensen indices showed dissimilarity in the weed community for all of the comparisons of the zones. The Steinhaus coefficient registered the highest similarity intensity between the Centro and Norte zones.

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Vignoni, Ana Paz, Iris Edith Peralta, and Elena María Abraham. "Fragmented areas due to agricultural activity: native vegetation dynamics at crop interface (Montecaseros, Mendoza, Argentina)." Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo 55, no. 2 (November 21, 2023): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.108.

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Plant communities fragmented by agricultural activities were analyzed in a 250-ha area in eastern plains of Montecaseros, Gral. San Martín Department, Mendoza, Argentina. A phytosociological method assessed different sites along a gradient of human intervention, from natural environments with no evidence of altered native vegetation to maximum farming modification, also including cleared and abandoned fields. Soil analyses supplemented the characterization of six plant communities. A scrubland physiognomy dominates the area, with species of the genera Larrea, Atriplex and Lycium. Tillage and crop abandonment can alter natural factors involved in soil formation, causing deterioration and exerting selective pressure on species colonizing these degraded environments. Evaluating natural vegetation before land clearing for agriculture is essential to assess, through species that indicate environmental conditions, edaphic limitations hindering crop establishment and affecting productivity. The conservation of natural communities on private lands destined for agriculture is valued. Plant communities fragmented by agricultural activities were analyzed in a 250-ha area in eastern plains of Montecaseros, Gral. San Martín Department, Mendoza, Argentina. A phytosociological method assessed different sites along a gradient of human intervention, from natural environments with no evidence of altered native vegetation to maximum farming modification, also including cleared and abandoned fields. Soil analyses supplemented the characterization of six plant communities. A scrubland physiognomy dominates the area, with species of the genera Larrea, Atriplex and Lycium. Tillage and crop abandonment can alter natural factors involved in soil formation, causing deterioration and exerting selective pressure on species colonizing these degraded environments. Evaluating natural vegetation before land clearing for agriculture is essential to assess, through species that indicate environmental conditions, edaphic limitations hindering crop establishment and affecting productivity. The conservation of natural communities on private lands destined for agriculture is valued. Highlights: This study aimed to characterize plant communities in natural and intervened environments, in a representative area of the fragmentation processes caused by agriculture in the Monte Province (Mendoza, Argentina). Plant biodiversity plays a strategic role in ecosystemic provision of goods and services necessary to human health and well-being. Cultivable land is a vulnerable and scarce resource, particularly in drylands, where ecosystems have low capacity for natural regeneration. Tillage and crop abandonment can alter natural factors involved in soil formation, causing deterioration and exerting selective pressure on species colonizing these degraded environments. In agricultural land, clearing can give rise to a mosaic of landscapes: productive crops merge with abandoned crops and fragments of natural fields. Evaluating natural vegetation before land clearing for agriculture is essential to assess, through species that indicate environmental conditions, edaphic limitations hindering crop establishment and affecting productivity. Studies of vegetation dynamism in private lands contribute to plan and implement sustainable land management, tending to recover and conserve biodiversity in degraded soils, considering all associated ecosystem services.

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Jaśkiewicz, Barbara. "Fitocenozy Spergulo morisonii-Corynephoretum canescentis na Pojezierzu Mazurskim [Phytocoenoses of Spergulo morisonii-Corynephoretum in Mazurian Lakeland]." Monographiae Botanicae 86 (2014): 1–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/mb.1999.007.

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The study contains a characterization of psammophilous grasslands on Mazurian Lakeland. Field research was carried out in 29 localities in which 596 phytosociological relevs were collected. As a consequence of numerical classification according to the TWINSPAN program, the occurrence of association Spergulo-Corynephoretum R. Tx. ex K. Czyżewska 1992 was proved. Within the association the following syntaxa were distinguished: subass. typicum and variants with Hypochoeris radicata, with Artemisia campestris ssp. campestris and typicum, subass. cladinetosum mitis, R. Tx. (1928) 1937 em. K. Czyżewska 1992 and variants typicum and with Polytrichum piliferum, subass. thymetosum serpylli K. Czyżewska 1992 and variants with Cladina mitis and with Festuca ovina, subass. festucetosum ovinae Krausch 1968 and variants typicum and with Agrostis capillaris, subxerothermical form and community with Cytisus scoparius.

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Moussa, Loukmane, Ibouraïma Yabi, and Ismaïla Toko Imorou. "Diversité Floristique Et Usages Des Ligneux Le Long Des Couloirs De Transhumance Dans La Commune De Savè Au Centre Bénin." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 2 (January 31, 2017): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n2p400.

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The vegetation cover of the District of Savè is subject to continuous pressure linked inter alia to the cutting of wood, agriculture and livestock through transhumance. Thus, forage seedlings are regularly used mainly during the dry season by transhumant herds. In this context, the characterization of woody pastures and the study of the uses of its timber by the local populations is a major imperative for their preservation and sustainable management. To this end, socio-economic surveys were carried out among the stakeholders involved in the use of these plant resources. The phytosociological surveys (29 plots of 30 m * 30 m) were carried out using the sigmatite method of Braum blanquet. Different indices have been calculated. The graph of the raw and weighted spectra was carried out. The characterization of the structure of the pasture shows a predominance of the individuals of circumference of between 30 and 50 cm. Mesophanerophytes are the most abundant and dominant forms of life, while chronologically Sudanese and Sudano-Zambeze species are the most represented. The most represented families are the combretaceae the leguminoseae. The Shannon diversity index varies from 3.21 to 3.95 bits and the Piélou equitability from 0.72 to 0.83 from one pasture to another. Three (3) types of pasture were identified along transhumance corridors. Namely: the pasture at Lannea velutina and Bridelia ferruginea; Pasture in Trichilia emetica and Annona senegalensis and grazing in Pteleopsis suberosa and Pericopsis laxiflora. This study shows that the environmental conditions favor the installation of several species along the transhumance corridors. The uses of forage resources, such as pruning for feeding livestock, charcoal making, fuelwood research, particularly in transhumance corridors, are not likely to Conservations

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Wszałek-Rożek, Katarzyna, Magdalena Lazarus, Renata Afranowicz-Cieślak, Joanna Gołębiewska, Anna Kuczyńska, Marta Jarosińska, Artur Eichmann, and Ryszard Markowski. "Endangered flora of Gdańsk Pomerania – its distinctiveness and diversity." Biodiversity Research and Conservation 50, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/biorc-2018-0007.

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Abstract Gdańsk Pomerania is a region characterized by unique physiographic features and diverse flora. This region, as many other areas, is subject to numerous accelerating transformations. The occurrence of numerous species on their range edges and on isolated stands, e.g. mountain and xerothermic grassland species, was an important criterion in the development of a regional red list of vascular plants of Gdańsk Pomerania (Markowski & Buliński 2004). On this list, 648 species of vascular plants, which constitute about 39% of the regional flora and 26% of all Polish flora, are considered to be endangered at various levels. In total, 47 species have been declared extinct in the aforementioned region (RE), 39 taxa are considered as critically endangered (CR) and 109 – as endangered (EN). Further 222 plant species are classified as vulnerable (moderately endangered) (VU), 124 have low risk categories (NT or LC) and there are 107 taxa of unknown threat, due to lack of sufficient information (DD). The aim of this work was to synthesize endangered components of Gdańsk Pomerania vascular plant flora for their better recognition and characterization. Among the species varying in threat degrees, the authors identified species protected by law and endangered in Poland as well as globally. In addition, the participation of species diagnostic of individual phytosociological units was verified. Also, the share of taxa representing various geographical elements was indicated.

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Bertacchi, Andrea. "Cork oak (Quercus suber) in the dynamism of a forest landscape shaped by fire on Monte Pisano (Tuscany N-W, Italy)." Plant Sociology 60, no. 2 (November 10, 2023): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pls2023602/04.

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The plant landscape of Monte Pisano is characterized by a predominant forest component, with Pinus pinaster and Castanea sativa, of clear anthropic imprint. Another important component is constituted by dynamically advanced scrubs and woods of evergreen sclerophylls of natural origin, although often differently altered by the anthropic action and/or by fires, and dominated by Quercus ilex. Quercus suber is often found within holm oak woods, and – with lower frequency – inside the pine forests. Cork oak, in some cases, becomes dominant going to constitute the northernmost cork forests in Tuscany. The frequency of fires in Monte Pisano in the last decades seems to have led to an increase in Q. suber surface due to its known resilience to wildfires. The aim of this research is: a) to define the distribution of Q. suber in the area also in relation to repeated fire events in the past; b) to provide an updated characterization of these stands using a phytosociological approach; c) to identify stands and groups of trees that can be used as "seed forests" for post-fire forest restoration purpose, in relation to their marginal population characteristic. The study suggests a relationship between the spread of cork oak and the historical pattern of fires. This wide spread should be protected by forms of forest management unfortunately absent in this territory.

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Concenço, G., C. J. Silva, M. Tomazi, I. V. T. Correia, N. C. D. S. Souza, and A. Andres. "Infestation of weed species in pre-planting of soybean in succession to winter crops." Planta Daninha 31, no. 3 (September 2013): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582013000300007.

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This study aimed to evaluate different crops and plant species planted after soybeans for one year, in terms of their potential to inhibit the occurrence of weed species. The following crops that were planted as second crop after soybeans were evaluated: (1) corn (Zea mays) planted at spacing of 90 cm between rows, intercropped with Brachiaria ruziziensis in the inter-rows; (2) sunflower (Helianthus annuus); (3) crambe (Crambe abyssinica); (4) radish (Raphanus sativus); (5) rapeseed (Brassica napus); and (6) winter fallow - no plantation after soybeans. Phytosociological characterization of weed species was carried out at the pre-planting of soybeans in the following cropping season. Estimations of relative abundance, relative frequence, relative dominance and Importance Value Index were made for each species present. Areas were also intra-characterized by the diversity coefficients of Simpson and modified Shannon-Weiner, and areas were compared using the Jaccard similarity coefficient for presence-only, by multivariate cluster analysis. In the short‑term (a single cropping season), cultivation of winter crops do contribute for lower occurrence of weed species at the pre-planting of soybeans on the subsequent cropping season. The suppressive effects depend both on the species grown in the winter and in the amount of straw left on the soil by these winter crops. Radish was more efficient in inhibiting the occurrence of weed species and rapeseed showed composition of infestation similar to that observed at the area under fallow.

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Peyre, Gwendolyn, Henrik Balslev, and Xavier Font. "Phytoregionalisation of the Andean páramo." PeerJ 6 (June 1, 2018): e4786. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4786.

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Background The páramo is a high-elevation biogeographical province in the northern Andes, known for its great biodiversity and ecosystem services. Because there have been very few biogeographic studies encompassing the entire province to date, this study aimed at conducting a phytogeographical regionalisation of the páramo. Specifically, (1) clustering analyses were conducted to identify the main phytogeographical units in the three altitudinal belts: sub-páramo, mid-páramo and super-páramo, and examine their diagnostic flora, (2) an ordination complemented the geo-climatic characterization of the obtained units and (3) a hierarchical classification transformation was obtained to evaluate the relationships between units. Methods The study area included the entire Andean páramo range in northern Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. The analyses were based on 1,647 phytosociological plots from the VegPáramo database. The K-means non-hierarchical clustering technique was used to obtain clusters identifiable as phytogeographical units, and the Ochiai fidelity index was calculated to identify their diagnostic species. A principal component analysis was conducted to obtain the geo-climatic characterization of each unit. Finally, the relationships between clusters were traced using a hierarchical plot-based classification. Results Fifteen clusters were obtained, 13 natural and two artificial, of which two represented the sub-páramo, nine the mid-páramo and four the super-páramo. Even though data representativeness was a potential limitation to segregate certain sub-páramo and super-páramo units, the overall bioregionalisation was robust and represented important latitudinal, altitudinal and climatic gradients. Discussion This study is the first to bioregionalise the páramo province based on a substantial widely distributed biological dataset, and therefore provides important novel scientific insight on its biogeography. The obtained phytogeographical units can be used to support further research on the páramo at smaller scale and on the humid Neotropical high-elevation ecosystems at broader-scale. Finally, several units were highlighted in our results as particularly worthy of further scientific and conservation focus.

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Peyre, G., and X. Font. "Syntaxonomic revision and floristic characterization of the phytosociological alliances corresponding to subalpine and alpine grasslands of the Pyrenees and Cantabrian Mountains (classesCaricetea curvulae,Carici-Kobresietea, andFestuco-Seslerietea)." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 145, sup1 (September 2011): 220–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2011.602732.

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Concenço, G., C. J. Silva, I. V. T. Correia, J. A. N. Silva, S. A. Santos, A. L. Fróes, D. N. Fábris, and L. A. Staut. "Occurrence of weed species in Jatropha curcas intercropping systems." Planta Daninha 32, no. 2 (June 2014): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582014000200010.

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This study aimed to evaluate the level of infestation by weed species in a consolidated Jatropha plantation, as a function of the plant species grown in interrows. The experiment was installed in 2006 at the district of Itahum, city of Dourados, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, made possible through a partnership between Embrapa Western Agriculture and Paraiso Farm. Treatments consisted of (1) Jatropha in monocrop, with no plant at the interrrows; or the following plants cultivaded at the interrows of Jatropha: (2) Stylosanthes spp.; (3) Brachiaria ruziziensis; (4) Brachiaria ruziziensis + Stylosanthess pp.; (5) Brachiaria humidicola; (6) Panicum maximum cv. massai; (7) Cajanus cajan cv. anão; (8) Crotalaria spectabilis; (9) Crop rotation system 1 - (maize second crop -Crambe abyssinica - soybean - peanut); and (10) Crop rotation system 2 - (cowpea - radish - maize - cowpea) conducted for two years. Phytosociological characterization of weed species was accomplished in 2011 based on the Ecological Approach. Estimations of relative abundance, frequency, dominance and Importance Value Index were obtained. Areas were also characterized by the diversity coefficients of Simpson and modified Shannon-Weiner, and then grouped by cluster analysis. Areas with low soil coverage resulted in higher infestation levels; crop rotation in the interrows of Jatropha produced a significant reduction in weed infestation, but the lowest infestation levels were observed when grasses were grown intercropped with Jatropha. Lower diversity coefficients were associated with occurrence of the most troublesome weed species. In the first years after planting Jatropha, species of Brachiaria or a crop rotation involving species with high mulching ability and whose biomass exhibit a high C:N ratio, should be established in the interrows to avoid problems with weeds infestation.

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Ziemińska-Smyk, Marta, and Czesława Trąba. "Weed infestation of crops in different soils in the protective zone of Roztocze National Park. Part I. Winter and spring cereals." Acta Agrobotanica 57, no. 1-2 (2013): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2004.019.

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The study on weed infestation of crops in different soils in the protective zone of RPN was conducted in the years 1991-1995. The characterization of weed infestation of winter and spring cereals was based on 306 phytosociological records. made with the use of Braun-Blanquet method. The degree of weed infestation in the fields in the protective zone of RPN depended on environment conditions. Both winter and spring cereals in majority of soils were most infested by: Cenaturea cyanus, Apera spica-venti and Vicia hirsta. In the lightest podsolic soils, made of loose sand and slightly loamy sand. winter and spring cereals were additionally infested by Equisetum arvense and two acidophylic species: Seleranthus annuus and Spergula arvensis. The crops in brown loess soil were infested by Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora. The most difficult weed species in brown soil formed from gaizes and limestone soil were: Convolvulus arvensis, Papaver rhoeas and Galium aparine. Moreover winter cercals in limestone soil showed high or medium infestation with Consolida regalis, Aethusa cynapium, Lathyrus tuberosus and low infestation with Apera spica-venti and Centaurea cyanus. Spring cereals were less infested than winter cereals. Apera spica-venti and Centaurea cyanus were less common with spring cereals than with winter cereals. Also, spring cereals showed high or medium infestation with Convolvulus arvensis. Spring cereals in some soil units were infested by Chenopodium album and Stellaria media. There was also higher infestation of spring cereals in limestone soils with Avena fatua, Veronica persica, Sinapis arvensis and Sonchus arvensis, compared to winter cereals in limestone soils.

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Gado, Byll O. Kperou, Ismaïla Toko Imorou, Ousséni Arouna, and Madjidou Oumorou. "Caractérisation des parcours de transhumance à la périphérie de la réserve de biosphère transfrontalière du W au Bénin." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 333–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i2.3.

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La caractérisation des parcours naturels est un enjeu majeur pour protéger ces derniers et maintenir la productivité des systèmes d’élevage pastoraux. Cette recherche a été réalisée à la périphérie de la réserve de biosphère transfrontalière du W du Bénin. Le but est de mieux connaître les écosystèmes pâturés autour de la réserve et d’analyser la perception des éleveurs transhumants sur ces pâturages. Les approches phytosociologique et socio-économique ont été utilisées. Au total 225 personnes ont été interrogées. Les résultats ont révélé 132 espèces végétales réparties en 93 genres et 41 familles sur des pâturages à Spermacoce radiata et Anogeissus leiocarpa, Kyllinga squamulata et Diospyros mespiliformis, Alysicarpus glumaceus et Detarium microcarpum, Paspalum scrobiculatum et Prosopis africana. Le choix de cette zone par les transhumants nationaux et sahéliens est lié à la bonne valeur pastorale (52,79% dans les pâturages à Paspalum crobiculatum et Prosopis africana), la richesse en essences fourragères riches en énergie (Poaceae) et en protéines (Leguminosae et Rubiaceae). La zone est soumise à de fortes pressions anthropiques qui engendrent des difficultés d’alimentation du bétail. Les éleveurs utilisent ainsi leurs savoirs sur les ressources fourragères pour s’adapter. Ils connaissent bien celles qui sont les plus appétées par les animaux et celles devenues rares ou en voie de disparition. Mots clés : Phytosociologie, perception, valeur pastorale, embroussaillement. English Title:Characterization of the transhumance route at the periphery of the transboundary biosphere reserve in W Benin The characterization of natural rangelands is a major challenge to protect them and maintain the productivity of pastoral livestock systems. This research was carried out on the outskirts of the W B. transboundary biosphere reserve in Benin. The aim was to have a better understanding of the grazed ecosystems around the reserve and to analyze the perception of transhumant pastoralists on these pastures. Phytosociological and socio-economic approaches were used. A total of 225 people were interviewed. The results revealed 132 plants species divided into 93 genera and 41 families on pastures with Spermacoce radiata and Anogeissus leiocarpa, Kyllinga squamulata and Diospyros mespiliformis, Alysicarpus glumaceus and Detarium microcarpum, Paspalum scrobiculatum and Prosopis africana. The choice of this area by national and Sahelian transhumants is linked to the good pastoral value (52.79% in pastures with Paspalum scrobiculatum and Prosopis africana), the richness in fodder species rich in energy (Poaceae) and proteins (Leguminosae and Rubiaceae). The area is subject to strong anthropogenic pressures which cause difficulties in feeding livestock. Breeders use their knowledge of fodder resources to adapt. They are familiar with those that are the most palatable by animals and those that have become rare or endangered. Keywords: Phytosociology, perception, pastoral value, encroachment.

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Benjamin, Kouman Koffi, Kouame Kra Frédéric, and Toure Awa. "Diversite et Degre d’Infestation de la Flore Adventice dans les Parcelles Rizicoles du Departement de Man (Cote d’Ivoire)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 20, no. 3 (January 31, 2024): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n3p82.

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Dans la plupart des zones productrices de riz pluvial de la Côte d’Ivoire notamment le département de Man, les producteurs de riz pluvial sont confrontés aux difficultés telles que l’enherbement. La présente étude vise à contribuer à la connaissance des communautés des adventices et leur degré d’infestation en vue d’une gestion efficiente de ces dernières. La méthode d’approche est une enquête réalisée auprès des riziculteurs et des relevés floristiques sur leurs parcelles ont été réalisés. Ces derniers ont permis d’évaluer les paramètres tels que les fréquences et l’indice d’abondance-dominance. Ainsi, grâce à ces paramètres, le diagramme d’infestation a pu identifier les adventices les plus abondantes. L’inventaire a permis de recenser 88 espèces réparties en 72 genres et 37 familles avec 72,72 % de Dicotylédones. Les familles les mieux représentées sont les Poaceae, les Cyperaceae et les Asteraceae. Les plus régulières et abondantes selon nos relevés sont Ageratum conyzoides Linn. et Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. Les riziculteurs ont identifié, Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. comme étant récurrente et nuisible lorsqu’elle n’est pas maitrisée assez tôt. The disturbance of the environment is at the origin of the destruction of the habitats, it contributes to the loss of the biodiversity and is one of the causes of the change of the flora in a locality. It therefore leads to the transformation of plant associations. The main objective of this study is to research the plant associations in the Banco National Park following village plantations and silvicultural trials due to the search for a methodology specific to African silviculture. To do this, the phytosociological characterization of the former treatment sites and the forest reserve was carried out. The method used is that of synusial phytosociology. The 91 surveys (82 in the former silvicultural treatment sites and 9 in the forest reserve) made it possible to identify 337 species of plants divided into 65 families and 268 genera. The dendrogram resulting from the ascending hierarchical classification of the readings revealed three syntaxa, two of which essentially consist of the readings of the old treatment sites and one of the readings of the forest reserve. No syntaxon contains all the characteristic species of the Turraeantho-Heisterietum association. However, in two syntaxa, the proportion of characteristic species of this association is greater than 50%. 70.59% in the syntaxon to Tarrietia utilis and Cola heterophylla (syntaxon from secondary forests), 52.94% in the syntaxon to Cola chlamydantha and Drypetes chevalieri (syntaxon from the forest reserve). While in the Dacryodes klaineana and Pleiocarpa mutica syntaxon (secondary forest syntaxon), 41% of these characteristic species were recorded. Species characteristic of other forest formations are also poorly represented in the syntaxa (less than 40%). It therefore emerges from this study that Banco National Park remains a forest with Turraeanthus africanus and Heisteria parvifolia.

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Lima, Thais Espinola de Oliveira, Roberto Tuyoshi Hosokawa, Sebastião do Amaral Machado, and Umberto Klock. "Caracterização fitossociológica da vegetação no entorno de nascentes de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrofila Mista Montana na bacia do rio das Pedras, Guarapuava (PR) / Phytosociological characterization of the vegetation around water springs of the fragment of mixed ombrophilous forest in watershed of rio das Pedras, Guarapuava (PR)." Revista Ambiência 8, no. 2 (August 20, 2012): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5777/ambiencia.2012.02.01.

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Wotoko, Valentin Omasombo, Jean Malekani, Julien Punga, Jean-Philippe Cherel, and Jean-Christophe Bokika. "La Dynamique du Système Socio-écologique dans la Concession Forestière des Communautés Locales de la Rivière Mbali en République Démocratique du Congo: Implication pour la Conservation du Bonobo (Pan Paniscus)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, no. 6 (February 28, 2023): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n6p456.

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Cette étude a porté sur l’analyse de la dynamique socio-écologique de la Concession Forestière des Communautés Locales de la Rivière Mbali et ses implications sur la conservation du bonobo. L’objectif est de dégager la problématique générale de la conservation du bonobo à travers l’évaluation de la socio-démographie des ménages et l’examen des modes d’utilisation des terres et d’extraction des ressources. L’observation participative, les interviews sur questionnaire ouvert, des entretiens informels et les focus group ont été utilisés pour collecter les données. Les résultats de l’étude montrent que les communautés locales de la concession forestière sont intimement liées à la forêt qu’elles partagent avec le bonobo. Elles en extraient les ressources naturelles, tant pour l’autoconsommation que pour leur économie. Dans cette zone, la chasse aux bonobos est interdite par un tabou alimentaire. L’agriculture itinérante sur brûlis et la collecte des produits forestiers non ligneux sont les principales activités de subsistance et sources de revenus. Avec une population locale en augmentation (la taille de ménage est de l’ordre 7 personnes), toutes ces activités peuvent avoir un impact très négatif sur les populations de bonobos si elles ne sont pas menées d’une manière durable. The disturbance of the environment is at the origin of the destruction of the habitats, it contributes to the loss of the biodiversity and is one of the causes of the change of the flora in a locality. It therefore leads to the transformation of plant associations. The main objective of this study is to research the plant associations in the Banco National Park following village plantations and silvicultural trials due to the search for a methodology specific to African silviculture. To do this, the phytosociological characterization of the former treatment sites and the forest reserve was carried out. The method used is that of synusial phytosociology. The 91 surveys (82 in the former silvicultural treatment sites and 9 in the forest reserve) made it possible to identify 337 species of plants divided into 65 families and 268 genera. The dendrogram resulting from the ascending hierarchical classification of the readings revealed three syntaxa, two of which essentially consist of the readings of the old treatment sites and one of the readings of the forest reserve. No syntaxon contains all the characteristic species of the Turraeantho-Heisterietum association. However, in two syntaxa, the proportion of characteristic species of this association is greater than 50%. 70.59% in the syntaxon to Tarrietia utilis and Cola heterophylla (syntaxon from secondary forests), 52.94% in the syntaxon to Cola chlamydantha and Drypetes chevalieri (syntaxon from the forest reserve). While in the Dacryodes klaineana and Pleiocarpa mutica syntaxon (secondary forest syntaxon), 41% of these characteristic species were recorded. Species characteristic of other forest formations are also poorly represented in the syntaxa (less than 40%). It therefore emerges from this study that Banco National Park remains a forest with Turraeanthus africanus and Heisteria parvifolia.

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Patricia, Konan Affoué, Neuba Danho Fursy Rodelec, Malan Djah François, and Akaffou Tchimou Antoine. "Caractérisation phytosociologique des anciens sites de traitements sylvicoles et de la réserve naturelle dans le parc national du Banco (Abidjan-Côte d’Ivoire)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 24 (July 31, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n24p1.

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La perturbation des milieux est à l’origine de la destruction des habitats, elle contribue à la perte de la biodiversité et est une des causes du changement de la flore dans une localité. Elle entraine par conséquent la transformation des associations végétales. L’objectif principal de cette étude est de rechercher les associations végétales dans le parc national du Banco suite aux plantations villageoises et aux essais sylvicoles dus à la recherche d’une méthodologie propre à la sylviculture africaine. Pour ce faire, la caractérisation phytosociologique des anciens sites de traitements et de la réserve forestière a été réalisée. La méthode utilisée est celle de la phytosociologie synusiale. Les 91 relevés (82 dans les anciens sites de traitements sylvicoles et 9 dans la réserve forestière) ont permis de recenser 337 espèces de plantes réparties en 65 familles et 268 genres. Le dendrogramme issu de la classification hiérarchique ascendante des relevés a mis en évidence trois syntaxons dont deux sont constitués essentiellement des relevés des anciens sites de traitements et un des relevés de la réserve forestière. Aucun syntaxon ne renferme la totalité des espèces caractéristiques de l’association Turraeantho-Heisterietum. Cependant, dans deux syntaxons, la proportion des espèces caractéristiques de cette association est supérieure à 50%. 70,59% dans le syntaxon à Tarrietia utilis et Cola heterophylla (syntaxon des forêts secondaires), 52,94% dans le syntaxon à Cola chlamydantha et Drypetes chevalieri (syntaxon de la réserve forestière). Alors que dans le syntaxon à Dacryodes klaineana et Pleiocarpa mutica (syntaxon des forêts secondaires), 41% de ces espèces caractéristiques ont été enregistrées. Les espèces caractéristiques des autres formations forestières sont également peu représentées dans les syntaxons (moins de 40%). Il ressort donc de cette étude que le parc national du Banco demeure une forêt à Turraeanthus africanus et Heisteria parvifolia. The disturbance of the environment is at the origin of the destruction of the habitats, it contributes to the loss of the biodiversity and is one of the causes of the change of the flora in a locality. It therefore leads to the transformation of plant associations. The main objective of this study is to research the plant associations in the Banco National Park following village plantations and silvicultural trials due to the search for a methodology specific to African silviculture. To do this, the phytosociological characterization of the former treatment sites and the forest reserve was carried out. The method used is that of synusial phytosociology. The 91 surveys (82 in the former silvicultural treatment sites and 9 in the forest reserve) made it possible to identify 337 species of plants divided into 65 families and 268 genera. The dendrogram resulting from the ascending hierarchical classification of the readings revealed three syntaxa, two of which essentially consist of the readings of the old treatment sites and one of the readings of the forest reserve. No syntaxon contains all the characteristic species of the Turraeantho-Heisterietum association. However, in two syntaxa, the proportion of characteristic species of this association is greater than 50%. 70.59% in the syntaxon to Tarrietia utilis and Cola heterophylla (syntaxon from secondary forests), 52.94% in the syntaxon to Cola chlamydantha and Drypetes chevalieri (syntaxon from the forest reserve). While in the Dacryodes klaineana and Pleiocarpa mutica syntaxon (secondary forest syntaxon), 41% of these characteristic species were recorded. Species characteristic of other forest formations are also poorly represented in the syntaxa (less than 40%). It therefore emerges from this study that Banco National Park remains a forest with Turraeanthus africanus and Heisteria parvifolia.

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Silva, Virgínia M. de A., Claudeam M. Gama, Élder G. dos Santos, Sara H. P. Nunes, and Prof Carlos A. C. dos Santos. "Characterization NDVI space-time and surface and analysis phytosociologic albedo for São João do Cariri." Journal of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing 6, no. 6 (2016): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2237-2202.20160030.

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Opolski-Neto, Thadeu, and João Carlos Ferreira Melo Júnior. "Influência das condições edáficas na composição florística e estrutural de uma comunidade de restinga sobre costão rochoso no sul do Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 15, no. 2 (April 21, 2022): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.2.p1108-1127.

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O presente trabalho objetiva avaliar a influência das condições edáficas na composição das espécies vegetais e na estrutura comunitária da restinga sobre costão rochoso localizado no Morro da Enseada, São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina. Para o levantamento da composição florística foi utilizado o método de caminhamento. Para a estrutura da vegetação foi usado o método de parcelas de 1 m². Foram alocadas 149 parcelas paralelas à zona de arrebentação das ondas no costão rochoso. A diversidade de espécies relativa à cada estrato do costão foi estimado por meio do índice de Shannon calculado por meio do software Past. Análise de solo foi realizada para cada estrato do costão de forma a caracterizar a nutrição edáfica e a salinidade ao longo do costão. A flora foi composta por 40 espécies pertencentes a 25 famílias botânicas. As famílias mais diversas foram Asteraceae (6), Cyperaceae (3) e Poaceae (3). A caracterização edáfica evidenciou a existência de um gradiente de salinidade, com teores de Na decrescentes no sentido mar continente. A estrutura comunitária diferiu em cada zona do costão rochoso. A espécie Cyperus rigens ocorreu exclusivamente em zonas mais salinas do costão, enquanto as espécies Ruhmora adiantiformis e Panicum racemosun se distribuíram em quase todo o costão. As espécies Varronia curassavica e Lantana camara ocorreram em condições de menor salinidade. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que a salinidade influencia na organização comunitária do costão rochoso e a sua flora é, em parte, similar àquela encontrada nas restingas sobre dunas em região pós-praia.Palavras-chave: vegetação costeira, flora rupícola, estrutura de comunidades, gradiente edáfico Influence of edaphic conditions on the floristic and structural composition of a sandbank community on a rocky shore in southern Brazil A B S T R A C TThe present work aims to evaluate the influence of edaphic conditions on the composition of plant species and community structure of restinga on rocky shore located in Morro da Enseada, São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina. For the floristic composition survey, the walking method was used, which consists in listing all the plant species found in the studied area. For the vegetation structure, the 1 m² plot method was used. 149 plots were allocated vertically 10 m apart, in three transects parallel to the breaking zone of the waves on the rocky shore. The phytosociological parameters adopted were: absolute and relative coverage, absolute and relative frequency and importance value index. Species diversity for each shore stratum was estimated using the Shannon index calculated using the Past software. The identification of the collected specimens was performed through comparative morphology and specific literature, adopting the APG IV classification system as a systematization of botanical families. To confirm the names of the species and their authors, the Brazilian Flora Species List was used. Soil analysis was performed for each stratum of the coast to characterize the edaphic nutrition and salinity along the coast. The flora was composed of 40 species belonging to 25 botanical families. The most diverse families were Asteraceae (6), Cyperaceae (3) and Poaceae (3). The edaphic characterization of the coast showed the existence of a salinity gradient along it, with decreasing Na contents towards the mainland. Community structure differed in each zone of the rocky shore. In the stratum closest to the sea, 13 species were found; in stratum 2, 19 species; in stratum 3, 25 species; in stratum 4, 28 species; in stratum 5, 12 species; In stratum 6, 14 species and closer to the top of the hill and far from the sea, 15 species were recorded. The species Cyperus rigens occurred exclusively in the most saline areas of the coast, while the species Ruhmora adiantiformis and Panicum racemosun were distributed in almost all the coast. The species Varronia curassavica and Lantana camara occurred in lower salinity conditions. The results show that salinity influences the community organization of the rocky shore and its flora is, in part, similar to that found in restingas on dunes in the post-beach region.Key words: coastal vegetation, flora rupicola, communities structure, soil gradient

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Korznikov, K. A., and P. V. Krestov. "Syntaxa of dark coniferous forests and Siberian dwarf pine thickets in the Russian Far East (the class Vaccinio-Piceetea)." Vegetation of Russia, no. 47 (2023): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2023.47.61.

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This paper presents a characterization of the syntaxa of zonal dark coniferous forests dominated by Abies nephrolepis, A. sachalinensis, Picea jezoensis, P. glehnii, and P. obovata of the class Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939 and the order Abieti veitchii–Piceetalia jezoensis Miyawaki, Ohba, Okuda, Nakayama et Fujiwara 1968. The order Pinetalia pumilae Suzuki 1964, which unites thickets of Siberian dwarf pine (Pinus pumila), is also included. Each syntaxon is presented with its diagnostic taxa list, distribution, and habitat conditions. Furthermore, we validate the names of one alliance, two associations, and two subassociations of dark coniferous forests, because these syntaxa were described invalidly earlier (Vegetation…, 1988; Krestov, Nakamura 2002). Ass. Piceetum glehnii Nakamura ex Korznikov et Krestov ass. nov. Diagnostic species: Picea glehnii, Menziesia pentandra, Pogonatum japonicum (Krestov, Nakamura, 2002). Synonyms: Piceetum glehnii Suzuki ex Nakamura in Miyawaki 1988 nom. inval. (3o, 5a); Piceetum glehnii Suzuki ex Krestov et Nakamura 2002 nom. inval. (3o, 5a). Subass. Piceetum glehnii typicum Korznikov et Krestov subass. nov. Diagnostic species: Arachniodes mutica, Rhododendron brachycarpum, Scapania sp. (Krestov, Nakamura, 2002). Synonyms: Piceetum glehnii subass. von Rhododendron brachycarpum Nakamura in Miyawaki 1988 (orig. name) nom. inval. (3e, 3o, 5); Piceetum glehnii rhododendretosum brachycarpi Nakamura ex Krestov et Nakamura 2002 nom. inval. (3o, 4a, 5) Subass. Piceetum glehnii sasetosum kurilense Krestov et Nakamura ex Korznikov et Krestov subass. nov. Diagnostic species: Sasa kurilensis (Krestov, Nakamura, 2002). Synonyms: Piceetum glehnii sasetosum kurilense Krestov et Nakamura 2002 nom. inval. (4a). Ass. Piceo jezoensis–Abietetum sachalinensis Ohba ex Korznikov et Krestov ass. nov. Diagnostic species: Acer mono subsp. mayrii, Galium kamtschaticum, Hydrangea petiolaris, Kalopanax septemlobus, Toxicodendron orientale, Trillium smallii, Prunus ssiori, Quercus mongolica (Krestov, Nakamura, 2002). Synonyms: Piceo jezoensis–Abietetum sachalinensis Ohba 1967 nom. inval. (2b); Piceo jezoensis–Abietetum sachalinensis Ohba ex Nakamura in Miyawaki 1988 nom. inval (3o, 5a); Piceo jezoensis–Abietetum sachalinensis Ohba ex Krestov et Nakamura 2002 nom. inval. (3f, 3o, 5a, 16). All. Pino pumilae–Piceion jezoensis Krestov et Nakamura ex Korznikov et Krestov all. nov. Diagnostic species: Allium ochotense, Betula pendula subsp. mandshurica, Equisetum sylvaticum, Lonicera chamissoi, Pinus pumila, Pyrola asarifolia subsp. asarifolia, Sorbus aucuparia subsp. glabrata, Sorbus sambucifolia, Spiraea betulifolia var. aemiliana (Krestov, Nakamura, 2002). Synonyms: Pino pumilae–Piceion jezoensis Krestov et Nakamura 2002 nom. inval. (3o, 5a). Two alliances and two suballiances of larch forests, which belong to the class Vaccinio-Piceetea, are also validated in this paper. These names were previously published invalidly (Krestov et al., 2009; Sinelnikova, 2016). All. Rhododendro aurei–Laricion cajanderi Krestov, Ermakov, Osipov et Nakamura ex Korznikov et Krestov all. nov. hoc loco Diagnostic species: Pinus pumila, Spiraea betulifolia var. aemiliana, Rhododendron aureum (Krestov et al., 2009). Synonyms: Rhododendro aurei–Laricion cajanderi Krestov, Ermakov, Osipov, Nakamura 2009 nom. inval. (3f). Suball. Junipero sibiricae–Laricenion cajanderi Krestov, Ermakov, Osipov et Nakamura ex Korznikov et Krestov suball. nov. Diagnostic species: Carex pallida, Chamaenerion angustifolium, Equisetum pratense, Juniperus sibirica, Lathyrus pilosus, Pyrola incarnata, Solidago decurrens (Krestov et al., 2009). Synonyms:Junipero sibiricae–Laricenion cajanderi Krestov, Ermakov, Osipov et Nakamura 2009 nom. inv. (4a, 5a, 17). All. Roso acicularis–Laricion cajanderi Sinelnikova ex Korznikov et Krestov all. nov. Diagnostic species: Betula platyphylla, Calamagrostis langsdorffii, Chamaenerion angustifolium, Equisetum pratense, Galium boreale, Larix cajanderi, Ribes triste, Rosa acicularis, Rubus arcticus (Sinelnikova, 2016). Synonyms: Roso acicularis–Laricion cajanderi Sinelnikova 2016 nom. inval. (3o, 5a). The current phytosociological diversity of dark coniferous forests in the region includes one order, three alliances, and 17 associations. In further development of the Vaccinio-Piceetea classification system, we propose dividing the azonal subalpine forests from the temperate zone and the zonal boreal forests into two orders: the order Abieti veitchii–Piceetalia jezoensis s. str. for the temperate zone in Japan and Korea, and a new order for the boreal zone. The order Vaccinio–Pinetalia pumilae Suzuki 1964, which includes the alliance Vaccinio–Pinion pumilae Suzuki 1964 and two associations, Vaccinio–Pinetum pumilae Maeda and Shimazaki ex Suzuki 1966, and Ledo–Pinetum pumilae Kobayashi 1967, unites communities dominated by Pinus pumila. The syntaxonomical concept of the order Vaccinio–Pinetalia pumilae was established based on vegetation data from Japan (Kobayashi, 1967; 1971) and should be updated with vegetation relevés from the Russian Far East.

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Colmanetti, Michel Anderson Almeida, Luiz Mauro Barbosa, Regina Tomoko Shirasuna, and Hilton Thadeu Zarate do Couto. "PHYTOSOCIOLOGY AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF WOODY REGENERATION FROM A REFORESTATION WITH NATIVE SPECIES IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL." Revista Árvore 40, no. 2 (April 2016): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-67622016000200003.

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ABSTRACT In Brazil, specifically in São Paulo State, there are guidelines based on the high diversity of tropical forests that instructs the restoration projects in the state (current SMA 32/2014). The main goal of this study was verify the importance and effectiveness of the high diversity of arboreal species originated from a reforestation, and its influence in a woody regenerating composition. We developed a phytosociologic study in a woody regenerating stratum of a nine year old reforestation at a Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (RPPN), in Mogi-Guaçu, São Paulo State. All specimens with height > 30 cm and Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) < 5 cm were evaluated. The woody regenerating diversity was smaller than the overstory diversity and the species composition was similar to the overstory. The Simpson index (1-D) was 0.85, Shannon index (H') was 2.46 and the Pielou index (J') was 0.60. The zoochoric dispersion syndrome was major among the species. Our results suggest that the use of high diversity of native seedlings in a reforestation leads to high diversity of species in woody regeneration stratum, after one decade of planting.

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Lavrinenko, I. A., and O. V. Lavrinenko. "Classification and mapping of habitats in the northwestern part of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra." Geobotanical mapping, no. 2021 (2021): 20–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/geobotmap/2021.20.

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The integrity and preservation of natural habitats is the basis for the existence of flora and fauna, as well as many aspects of the life of the indigenous population. The high sensitivity of Arctic landscapes and natural ecosystems to anthropogenic and climatic factors predetermines the need for monitoring of habitats. Classification and inventory of Arctic habitats is made on the example of a key site in the Bolshezemelskaya tundra — adjacent tundra to the Bolvansky Nos Cape (23.7 km2) (Fig. 1). The diagnostics of biotopes was carried out on the basis of a previously developed typological scheme of territorial units of vegetation (TUV), which, along with the syntaxonomic composition, takes into account the features of ecology and spatial organization (Lavrinenko, 2020b; Lavrinenko, Lavrinenko, 2021). The diagnostics of higher units of habitats is based on their position on the generalized geomorphological profile and relief elements, which predetermine the peculiarities of the impact of the entire variety of en vironmental and climatic factors on biotopes. The types of spatial structures (temporal and ecological series, complexes, and combinations) of heterogeneous TUVs, reflecting the location features, intensity, direction, and the result of the environmental factors interaction, are the main diagnostic characteristics of habitats. The classification of vegetation and position of syntaxa, taking into account their confinement to TUVs, underlie the accurate diagnosis of biotopes. The phytosociological (= Braun-Blanquet) classification is the basis of the TUVs nomenclature. The list of syntaxa of different ranks (Matveyeva, Lavrinenko, 2021) is the basis for the formation of the TUVs categories names that diagnose biotopes. A digital elevation model (DEM) of the key area was made using ArcticDEM data (https://www.pgc.umn.edu/data/arcticdem/) to estimate the location of TUVs as habitat indicators (Fig. 2a). NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) (McFeeters, 1996) and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), which reflects the reserves of green phytomass (Walker et al., 2003) (Fig. 2b) were calculated from Sentinel-2A satellite images. Spatial combination of several layers – high-resolution satellite images, DEM, spectral indices (Fig. 3), in GIS made it possible to characterize the important indicators of biotopes. Habitats of two categories of the highest, first level — AB and CB, confined to large elements of the landscape, are found in a key area in the tundra zone. The categories of the second level (AB1, …, CB3) differ in their position on the generalized geomorphological profile, from the highest positions (AB1 — eluvial locations) to the lowest ones (CB3 — accumulative marine terraces). The features of the substrate, along with the position on the profile, were taken into account when identifying categories of biotopes of the third categories. Thus, in the AB1 category, habitats of a lower level differ significantly in terms of soil characteristics: AB1.1, sandy; AB1.2 — loamy-gravelly carbonate, AB1.3 — gleyzems and peat-gleyzems. The well-pronounced physiognomic (color, texture) and spectral (indices, signatures) characteristics of the TUVs levels, along with the position in the relief and features of the substrate, were used to distinguish the fourth and lower habitat categories. Diagnostics of plant communities forming TUVs was carried out on the basis of reference signatures (using Sentinel-2 images) of those phytocoenoses in which geobotanical relevés were made with coordinate reference and syntaxonomic affiliation was established. Terrestrial plots are assigned to 2 categories of habitats of the first level, 7 — of the second, 13 — of the third and 18 — of the fourth, which include all the diversity of biotopes of the key site and unite those that are close in their position on the geomorphological profile and ecological indicators. All categories of habitats of the third level, and in some cases the fourth one, are diagnosed with TUVs classes (Lavrinenko, 2020b), represented by simple and complex combinations of plant communities of different syntaxa. The characteristics of vegetation and soils, the composition of syntaxa (those that are described) are given for categories of the second – third levels. More than 1100 contours, including 140 represented by water bodies, have been identified in the key area. The habitats map of the northwestern part of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra was prepared on a scale of 1 : 25 000. It demonstrates the diversity of biotopes in the study site; terrestrial plots classified as habitat categories of the first —fourth levels are presented on it (Fig. 29, 30). The main emphasis in the identification and characterization of habitats is made on their resource potential for species and communities of plants and animals, as well as for humans. This immediately transfers the question of the significance and relevance of such works from the field of fundamental academic research on the study and mapping of biotopes, to the field of direct practical application of the results obtained. Different categories of habitats have different resource values for certain biological objects, which makes it possible to characterize them from the standpoint of ecological, economic and environmental significance.

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Acherkouk, Mohamed, Abdesselam Maatougui, and Mohamed Aziz El Houmaiz. "Communautés végétales et faciès pastoraux dans la zone de Taourirt-Tafoughalt du Maroc oriental: écologie et inventaire floristique. Vegetation and pasturelands in Taourirt-Tafoughalt (Eastern Morocco): ecology and flora." Acta Botanica Malacitana 36 (December 1, 2011): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v36i1.2773.

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Français. L’étude a été entreprise durant l’année 2009 dans la zone «Taourirt-Tafoughalt» situeé à l’Ouest du Maroc oriental. Elle tente d’inventorier la végétation naturelle et de la caractériser en terme écologique tout en mettant en relief l’importance des conditions du milieu. La méthode utilisée consiste à déterminer la composition floristique des espèces et à définir l’état écologique de la végétation moyennant des relevés phyto-écologiques. Les analyses statistiques ont été effectuées à l’aide de l’Analyse Factorielle des Correspondances (AFC). Les principaux résultats montrent l’existence de cinq principales formations végétales: (i) forêts, matorrals et steppes arborées, (ii) steppe à Stipa tenacissima, (iii) steppes dégradées mixtes, (iv) steppes dégradées à base d’Anabasis aphylla, Peganum harmala, Artemisia herba-alba, Asphodelus microcarpus et Thymelaea microphylla, et (v) steppes très localisées à psammophytes (Lygeum spartum et Thymelaea microphylla) et à gypso-halophytes (Salsola vermiculata et Atriplex halimus). Par ailleurs, la composition botanique dominante témoigne, en général, d’une tendance vers une régression qualitative importante du couvert végétal. La plupart des formations sont constituées d’espèces indicatrices de dégradation avancée: Noaea mucronata, Asphodelus microcarpus, Thymelaea microphylla, Launaea acanthoclada, Anabasis aphylla, Peganum harmala, Urginea maritima, Lygeum spartum. La couverture végétale, en dehors des forêts et des steppes alfatières, est très faible (<15%). La pluviosité, la lithologie (charge caillouteuse), la géomorphologie (géologie, pente, topographie, exposition), le type de sols et l’influence anthropique, restent les principales variables qui déterminent la répartition des groupements végétaux. La texture du sol conditionne particulièrement les groupements de situations extrêmes, tels que les psammophytes et gypso-halophytes. L’examen phyto-sociologique n’a concerné que les formations dominées par Stipa tenacissima. Cet examen montre des affinités entre faciès pastoraux et formations, exprimées par l’existence d’espèces communes.English. The study was undertaken during 2009 in the “Taourirt-Tafoughalt” zone located west of the Eastern Recibido el 30 de julio de 2010, aceptado para su publicación el 3 de mayo de 2011 126 M. Acherkouk et al.. INTRODUCTION Le Maroc fait partie du bassin méditerranéen qui se compte parmi les régions du monde les plus riches en terme de biodiversité faunistique et floristique. En effet, Myers et al. (2000) considèrent que les pays méditerranéens détiennent presque 4,5% de la flore mondiale. Or, ce patrimoine végétal est actuellement menacé de dégradation suite à la conjugaison de plusieurs facteurs naturels (surtout les sécheresses récurrentes et l’aridité climatique) et anthropiques, dont notamment le surpâturage. Cette situation de dynamique régressive de la végétation naturelle a poussé plusieurs auteurs à tirer la sonnette d’alarme sur le risque, de plus en plus élevé, de déperdition floristique. D’où, la nécessité de protéger le couvert végétal naturel, surtout en zones arides, et d’en évaluer l’impact environnemental et le coût économique (Matthew et al., 2006 et Kalpana et al., 2007). D’ailleurs, cette protection ou réhabilitation de la végétation dans les terrains de pâturage doit être effectuée dans le cadre d’une approche systémique et globale (Rahmi et al., 2000). Elle peut permettre, via certaines techniques (mises en repos et collecte des eaux pluviales), la restauration du tapis végétal naturel, l’amélioration de la couverture du sol par plusieurs espèces végétales et l’augmentation de la phytomasse (Acherkouk et Maâtougui, 2008). Dans le Maroc oriental, les pâturages sont actuellement sujets à un processus de dégradation continu et alarmant (Bounejmate et El Mourid, 2001; Acherkouk et al., 2005; Maâtougui et al., 2006). Le pâturage anarchique et irrationnel en reste l’une des principales causes anthropiques (Dutilly-Diane et al., 2007). Le présent article émane de l’étude effectuée dans la zone Taourirt-Tafoughalt. Le choix de cette zone revient à la nécessité de conduire des études d’inventaire, de suivi et d’évaluation d’impact sur le couvert végétal naturel qui a profité de plusieurs actions d’aménagement pastoral dans le cadre du projet de développement rural Taourirt-Tafoughalt entre 1999 et 2009. Objectifs: Cette investigation tente d’inventorier la végétation de la zone de Taourirt-Tafoughalt et de diagnostiquer son état de dégradation en tenant compte des variables Morocco. The objectives are natural vegetation inventory and ecological characterization in relation to the environmental conditions. The methodology is based primarily on determining the floristic composition and the ecological state of the vegetation upon phyto-ecological surveys. Statistical analysis were performed using the Correspondence Analysis (CA). The main results show the existence of five major plant formations: (i) forests, matorral and forest-steppes, (ii) Stipa tenacissima steppe, (iii) degraded mixed steppes, (iv) degraded steppes based Anabasis aphylla, Peganum harmala, Artemisia herba-alba, Asphodelus microcarpus and Thymelaea microphylla (v) scattered steppe based Lygeum spartum, Thymelaea microphylla, Atriplex halimus and Salsola vermiculata. Furthermore, the dominant floristical composition reflects, in general, a trend towards a significant qualitative regression of vegetation. Most of the species are indicative of advanced degradation: Noaea mucronata, Asphodelus microcarpus, Thymelaea microphylla, Launaea acanthoclada, Anabasis aphylla, Peganum harmala, Urginea maritima, Lygeum spartum. Vegetation cover outside forests and Stipa tenacissima steppes is very low (<15%). Rainfall, lithology (gravel load), geomorphology (geology, slope, topography and exposure), soil type and human influence are the main variables that determine the distribution of plant communities in this zone. Soil texture determines particular groups of extreme situations, such as gypsum and psammophytes and-halophytes. The phytosociological analysis, applied only on the Stipa tenacissima formation, shows floristical affinities between pastoral facies and formations, expressed by the existence of common species.

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Lavrinenko, I. A. "Typology and syntaxonomic composition of vegetation territorial units: novel approach suggested with the case study of Arctic marshes." Vegetation of Russia, no. 39 (2020): 100–148. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2020.39.100.

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General characteristic of approaches of Russian and Western European phytosociologists to the typology of territorial units of vegetation is presented in the paper. Two-dimensional classification of vegetation proposed by V. Sochava (1968) is the basis of Russian approaches, in which 2 classification categories are identified: phytocenomers and phytocenochores. Homogeneous territorial vegetation units are represented by phytocenoses of a certain syntaxa (phytocenomer), then 3 main types are distinguished within heterogeneous units: complexes, ecological series, and ecological-genetic series (Rachkovskaya, 1963; Guricheva, 1965; Isachenko, 1967; Gribova, Isachenko, 1972). In Western European phytocoenology, the approach to the analysis of territorial vegetation units was introduced by R. Tüxen, who in the 1970s created the foundations of the research topic called symphytosociology (Tüxen, 1973, 1978). He developed the approach to include different levels of syntaxa in the classification of territorial units of vegetation. In 1973, R. Tüxen proposed a methodology for the study of vegetation complexes and the method for converting syntaxa into sigma-syntaxa. In 1981, J.-M. Géhu and S. Rivas-Martínez suggested sigmetum as the main unit of symphytosociology. In 1982, S. Rivas-Martínez proposed the tesela as an elementary territorial unit of chorology and phytogeography. Tesela corresponds to the environmentally homogeneous area and includes communities of one sigmeta. The next level of plant cover organization is the catena — territorial vegetation unit determined by geomorphological features of the area. A catena includes several teselas spatially arranged in a mosaic or arranged in belts following to one or more environmental gradients. Geosigmetum or geoseries is the main typological unit of vegetation of the catena. We took into account the disadvantages of these approaches in the development of a proprietary typological scheme. The lack of a rigorous methodology for allocation and identifying territorial units of vegetation, absence of generally recognized nomenclature, and only intuitive level of allocation of the units themselves are disadvantages of the Russian school. The symphytosociological approach is formal in the scientific terms since it does not take into account the important structural features of the territorial units of vegetation. This approach simplifies their characterization to a list of syntaxa and their combinations and is limited to only two levels of the hierarchy (sigmetum and geosigmetum). The approaches to the typology of territorial units of vegetation, currently used in symphytosociology, are a copy of phytosociological ones. Despite this, the logic of map legend formation differs from the principles of vegetation classification. We propose the types of structures (ecological-genetic series, ecological series, complexes) of the existing communities’ combinations to take as a basis of the typological scheme. They reflect the quintessence of the “ecological basis” of phytocenochore habitats, namely the distribution features, intensity, direction, and the result of the interaction between environmental factors. The unification of territorial units of vegetation is carried out based on real and regularly repeated combinations of higher rank (from micro- to meso- level and so on). This allows us to reflect levels of a hierarchical organization of vegetation in the typology and nomenclature. The vegetation of the Barents sea coastal marches was chosen as a model object due to the well-studied syntaxonomic composition and pronounced spatial patterning. This patterning appears mainly due to the discrete gradation of the prevailing environmental factors: the degree of salinity and moisture of the substrate. Within the framework of the typological scheme, the most general categories of territorial units are identified. They correspond to the basic levels of the hierarchical organization of vegetation cover — division, class, and type, which are highly likely to be common to any mapped territory, regardless of its zonal disposition. For a more complete display of the structure and complexity of the spatial organization of phytocenochores, 3 auxiliary categories were introduced — subclass, group, and subtype. Division — is the highest unit of a typological scheme that combines the territorial units of vegetation of a particular natural area confined to such geomorphologic structures as following: 1) watersheds covering the area between the edge of the slopes of the bed-rock terraces in river valleys; 2) river valleys exposed to the flooding regime, the boundaries of this geomorphologic structures are drawn on the edge of the slope, which separates the valleys from the watershed areas; 3) low marine terraces variably flooded by tidal waters, this geomorphologic structure is limited by the bed-rock terrace slope edge. Class is the subordinated unit within the division. They combine topographically well differed territorial units of vegetation, in which the composition of syntaxa and syntaxon combinations reflect the ecological specificity of simple relief forms of the same origin (i. e. hill, ridge, runoff hollow, lake depression, floodplain, etc.) or their elements (slopes, terraces). Phytocenochores of the class rank are formed by combinations of communities, different in ecology (palsa-bogs, coastal marshes, etc.). This is due to the specific distribution and influence of environmental factors and their combinations within the class. The syntaxonomic composition of communities and their combinations within the class reflects the position of vegetation territorial units in the landscape and their habitats’ ecological distinctiveness. The territorial units of vegetation of the same class within different subzones and geobotanical districts can differ significantly in composition (diagnostic syntaxa and the main elements of their combinations) due to the zonal and regional originality. It is the basis for their allocation to the rank of subclass. Phytocenochores of subclasses are usually not territorially conjugate and belong to different units of geobotanical zoning (subzones, geobotanical districts). The class of territorial units of Barents Sea coastal marshes is divided into salt and brackish marsh subclasses. They belong to different geobotanic districts and are considered as ecological variants of coastal marsh class with a uniqueness of composition of syntaxa and their combinations. Within the class/subclass of vegetation territorial units, phytocenochores of meso- or macro-level are often clearly distinguished, discretely, or continually replacing each other along the gradient of leading environmental factors. They were allocated to the rank of group, each is physiognomically distinct and represented by a continuum or relatively homogeneous mosaic of syntaxa and their combinations. The composition of diagnostic syntaxa and their combinations, reflecting the ecological peculiarity of the habitats of this typological unit and the class (subclass) as a whole, is preserved within the group. Groups are territorially conjugate and represent elements within a uniform ecological or ecological-dynamic series of communities and their combinations. The definition of groups, as well as subclasses, can be problematic because of the complexity of the geomorphological features. This is the reason why this typological unit has an auxiliary character. Type — the basic elementary unit of the typological scheme, displayed mainly on maps of large and medium scales. To distinguish the type two main criteria are being applied as follows: 1) the type of spatial structure, and 2) syntaxonomic composition of the elements of the vegetation territorial unit. As a type the following phytocenochores can be recognized: 1) phytocenoses; 2) simple combinations of the first supraphytocenotic level (ecological-genetic series, ecological series, complexes); 3) complex combinations that include a combination of phytocenochores of the first 2 types. The types represented by heterogeneous territorial units of vegetation include complete combinations of all possible elements of phytocenochores (series, ecological series, etc.) that can occur in the conditions of type habitats. Usually, within the phytocenochores, combinations of communities are represented by the selective set of syntaxa represented in the complete combinations. For a comprehensive inventory of the regional territorial units, diversity, and its reflection on the maps, auxiliary typological unit of subtype rank is introduced, which manifests the internal variability of a certain type and reflects the completeness of the type representation in a particular territory. For the names of typological units of different ranks, it is proposed to use the names of diagnostic syntaxa of association and lower rank, since they most reflect the local and regional originality of the mapping area. The Brown-Blanquet approach to the classification of vegetation, as the methodically most developed among others nowadays, is the basis for the nomenclature of typological units. For the name of typological units, we propose to use the ending “-chorietum”, derived from phytocenochora (coenochora). It reflects the chorological aspect of the unit and intended to be used in the nomenclature for all of the territorial vegetation units categories — of any rank of complexity and to rankless territorial units. The term -chorietum is added to the name of the diagnostic syntaxon. For homogeneous territorial units, we propose to use syntaxon name, since any phytocoenosis is an elementary territorial unit of vegetation of the rank of association and below. For simple combinations (ecological-genetic series, ecological series, complexes), regardless of the number of their forming syntaxa, the names of two syntaxa are used. The ending -chorietum is added to the genus name of the taxon of diagnostic syntaxon. This reflects the first supraphytocoenotic level of the structural organization of the territorial unit of vegetation. If the diagnostic syntaxon has the rank of subassociation or variant, then name of the typological unit uses name of the association with the ending -chorietum, followed by the full name of the subassociation or variant. If the type of territorial units is represented by an incomplete series of syntaxa and is assigned to a subtype, then after the diagnostic syntaxon the ending -subchorietum is used. If the type is represented by a complex combination of phytocoenoses and their combinations, the name of the diagnostic syntaxon with the ending -synchorietum is used. When forming the names of typological units of class and lower rank, add the ending corresponding to their rank to the basis of the genus name of the taxon of the diagnostic association, that is, instead of the -etum ending, we use the ending corresponding to the rank of the territorial unit. If the basis of the genus name ends in a consonant, then we use the connecting vowel (“i” or “o” following to Appendix I of the ICPN). If the name of the rank of the phytocenochore consists of the names of two syntaxa, then the first diagnostic syntaxon is unchanged, and the ending corresponding to the rank is added to the last syntaxon. Examples: for class —-chorietea (Luzulo confusae–Salicichorietea nummulariae), subclass — -subchorietea(Puccinellisubchorietea phryganodis), group — -chorieteum(Caricichorieteum glareosae), type — -chorietum (Callitricho–Ranunculetum trichophylli—Carici rariflorae–Salicichorietum glaucae) and -synchorietum (Caricetum subspathaceae arctanthemetosum hulteni—Potamogetonosynchorietum filiformis), subtype — -subchorietum (Parnassio palustris–Salicetum reptantis—Scirpo–Hippuridosubchorietum tetraphyllae). To name division, which represents the highest rank, the term choriophyta is proposed. The term has been added to the Latin names of the divisions of the tundra zone, for example, watersheds — Tundra divortium choriophyta, river valleys — Tundra vallis choriophyta, low sea terraces — Tundra maritimes choriophyta. To describe and display the spatial structure of phytocenochore types represented by simple and complex combinations, it is proposed to use the set of symbols reflecting the structural features. Using the example of coastal marshes of the Haypudyrskaya Bay of the Barents Sea (Puccinellichorietea phryganodis), a typological scheme of territorial vegetation units was developed. The subclass of salt marshes (Puccinellisubchorietea phryganodis) was taken for a case study. Within the subclass 4 groups of 27 categories were selected to create the geobotanical map (1 : 25 000). Those categories are of the rank of types and subtypes of different complexity levels and 13 homogeneous and 14 heterogeneous are among them. In addition to them, 5 types of phytocenochores that intrude marshes from adjacent divisions have been identified. The application of the typological scheme allows taking into account not only the syntaxonomic composition and predominant combinations but also their patterning and complexity. This will largely reflect the originality of the vegetation of the given area, as well as habitas specificity, geomorphological and ecological features of the territory.

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Spampinato, Giovanni, Valeria Tomaselli, Luigi Forte, Sandro Strumia, Adriano Stinca, Antonio Croce, Simonetta Fascetti, et al. "Relevant but neglected habitat types by the Directive 92/43 EEC in southern Italy." Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali, February 28, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12210-023-01136-6.

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AbstractThe 92/43/EEC Habitats Directive is the main European Union legal tool concerning nature conservation. The habitat types listed in Annex I to the Directive are phytosociology-based. It is widely acknowledged that phytosociological analysis is a crucial approach for habitats characterization and for monitoring their conservation status. Based on bibliographic investigations and new field survey campaigns, a list of habitat types neglected by the Habitats Directive is here presented and described for southern Italy. In this paper, 8 new habitat types and 13 subtypes are proposed. For each of these proposed new habitat types, a wide range of information, including ecology, chorology, species composition, syntaxonomy, threats, and conservation status, is here provided. To supply more detailed phytogeographical and coenological information about the proposed new habitat types, distribution maps based on 10 × 10 km reference grids and phytosociological tables including unpublished relevés were carried out.

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"PHYTOSOCYOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION AND ASSOCIATED SEDIMENT IN A MANGROVE AREA WITH IMPACTS OF OIL SPILL, TODOS OS SANTOS BAY, BAHIA, BRAZIL." International Journal of Development Research, June 30, 2020, 36509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37118/ijdr.18997.06.2020.

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This article presents the phytosociological characteristics of the São Paulo River estuary, northeastern part of Todosos Santos Bay, a mangrove area with impacts of oil spill as well as the physical-chemical composition of the plant of individuals associated with sediments. For qualitative, phytosociological research, the multiple plot method was applied, with a total of five 20x25 m2 plots. All living species present, Lagunculariaracemosa, Avicenniaschaueriana and Rhizophorae mangle identified with a breast height circumference (HBC) less than 15 cm were marked and their height and circumference values sampled. The results indicated that the mangrove ecosystem of the São Paulo estuary has a fringe face with intermediate size, indicating the species of A. schaueriana as dominant species. The granulate had a predominantly silty texture and low levels of the elements Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn that are within the range of variation of this type of environment. Geochemical analysis of sediments reveals significant differences between plots. Diagnostic reasons pointed to a predominantly pyrogenic origin. Therefore, they consider mixed sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminating this location as a result of the incomplete burning of fossil fuels and the presence of domestic effluents.

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