Статті в журналах: "PHYTATE LINES"

1

Jiang, S. Q., S. J. Lamont, and M. E. Persia. "Differential growth performance and intestinal immune gene expression in diverse genetic lines of growing chickens fed a high concentration of supplemental phytase." Journal of Agricultural Science 156, no. 2 (March 2018): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859618000096.

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AbstractThe objective of the current experiment was to determine the effects of high-concentration phytase (5000 FTU/kg) feeding to diverse lines of chickens fed phosphorus (P) adequate maize–soybean meal diets (4.5 g/kg non-phytate P) on the performance and intestinal immune function. Performance was measured for outbred broiler (Ross 308) and inbred Fayoumi lines over 0–21 days, and duodenum and ileum were harvested for the determination of mucin-2, interleukin (IL)-1βand IgA mRNA by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Over the 0–7-day period, there was a significant line × diet interaction, as high phytase supplementation increased broiler average daily gain (ADG), but had no effect on Fayoumi ADG. Treatment of diets with phytase increased expression of the mucin-2 gene in the duodenum mucosa. There were significant interactions between line and age, and line, diet and age on duodenal expression of the IL-1βgene as phytase supplementation of the broiler line reduced IL-1βin comparison to control fed broilers without change in the Fayoumi line. Overall, the addition of a high concentration of phytase to broilers fed adequate concentrations of non-phytate P resulted in improved growth performance early with a reduction in this effect over time. Mucosal mucin-2 expression was increased with high-concentration phytase feeding across both lines, but IL-1βmRNA expression was reduced in the duodenum of broilers fed high concentrations of phytase, suggesting that the increased performance noted might be related to decreased inflammation.

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2

HATZACK, Frank, Frank HÜBEL, Wei ZHANG, Poul E. HANSEN, and Søren K. RASMUSSEN. "Inositol phosphates from barley low-phytate grain mutants analysed by metal-dye detection HPLC and NMR." Biochemical Journal 354, no. 2 (February 22, 2001): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3540473.

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Inositol phosphates from barley low-phytate grain mutants and their parent variety were analysed by metal-dye detection HPLC and NMR. Compound assignment was carried out by comparison of retention times using a chemical hydrolysate of phytate [Ins(1,2,3,4,5,6)P6] as a reference. Co-inciding retention times indicated the presence of phytate, D/L-Ins(1,2,3,4,5)P5, Ins(1,2,3,4,6)P5, D/L-(1,2,4,5,6)P5, D/L-(1,2,3,4)P4, D/L-Ins(1,2,5,6)P4 and D/L-Ins(1,4,5,6)P4 in PLP1B mutants as well as the parent variety. In grain extracts from mutant lines PLP1A, PLP2A and PLP3A unusual accumulations of D/L-Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 were observed whereas phytate and the above-mentioned inositol phosphates were present in relatively small amounts. Assignment of D/L-Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 was corroborated by precise co-chromatography with a commercial Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 standard and by NMR spectroscopy. Analysis of inositol phosphates during grain development revealed accumulation of phytate and D/L-Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, which suggested the tetrakisphosphate compound to be an intermediate of phytate synthesis. This assumption was strengthened further by phytate degradation assays showing that D/L-Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 did not belong to the spectrum of degradation products generated by endogenous phytase activity. Metabolic scenarios leading to accumulation of D/L-Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 in barley low-phytate mutants are discussed.

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3

Taliman, Nisar Ahmad, Qin Dong, Kohei Echigo, Victor Raboy, and Hirofumi Saneoka. "Effect of Phosphorus Fertilization on the Growth, Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Fixation, Mineral Accumulation, Seed Yield, and Seed Quality of a Soybean Low-Phytate Line." Plants 8, no. 5 (May 8, 2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8050119.

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Crop seed phosphorus (P) is primarily stored in the form of phytate, which is generally indigestible by monogastric animals. Low-phytate soybean lines have been developed to solve various problems related to seed phytate. There is little information available on the effects of P fertilization on productivity, physiological characteristics, and seed yield and quality in low-phytate soybeans. To address this knowledge gap, studies were conducted with a low-phytate line and two normal-phytate cultivars from western Japan when grown under high- and low-P fertilization. The whole plant dry weight, leaf photosynthesis, dinitrogen fixation, and nodule dry weight at the flowering stage were higher in the higher P application level, but were not different between the low-phytate line and normal-phytate cultivars. As expected, seed yield was higher in the higher level of P application for all lines. Notably, it was higher in the low-phytate line as compared with the normal-phytate cultivars at both levels of fertilizer P. The total P concentration in the seeds of the low-phytate line was the same as that of the normal-phytate cultivars, but the phytate P concentration in the low-phytate line was about 50% less than that of the normal-phytate cultivars. As a result the molar ratio of phytic acid to Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu in seed were also significantly lower in the low-phytate line. From these results, it can be concluded that growth after germination, leaf photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, yield and seed quality were not less in the low-phytate soybean line as compared with two unrelated normal-phytate cultivars currently grown in Japan, and that low-phytate soybeans may improve the bioavailability of microelements.

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4

Jain, Ritushree, Catherine J. Lilley, and Peter E. Urwin. "Reduction of phytate by down-regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana MIPS and IPK1 genes alters susceptibility to beet cyst nematodes." Nematology 17, no. 4 (2015): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00002874.

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Phytates are mixed cationic salts of phytic acid formed by sequential phosphorylation of myo-inositol. Phytate is a phosphorus storage molecule essential for cellular and hormonal signalling in plants but exhibits anti-nutrient properties in animals. Low phytate plants have reduced basal resistance towards microbial pathogens and reduced tolerance to environmental stresses resulting in compromised yields. We report that three mutant lines of Arabidopsis thaliana, each with altered expression of myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase (MIPS) isoforms, show altered susceptibility towards infection by the beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii. Disruption of MIPS2 accompanied by increased MIPS1 expression results in reduced cyst nematode infection. Lack of MIPS3 resulted in a higher proportion of second-stage juveniles in the early phase of infection, suggesting delayed nematode development on mips3 mutants. Reduction in total phytate by down-regulation of the inositol polyphosphate kinase gene (IPK1) resulted in higher susceptibility to cyst nematode infection but a reduced average size of adult females. However, specific down-regulation of MIPS gene expression reduces susceptibility as myo-inositol is required to feed into the myo-inositol oxygenase pathway, which has an important role in development of the cyst nematode feeding site.

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5

AL-Amery, Maythem, Hirotada Fukushige, and David Hildebrand. "Single Seed Selection for Low Phytate Lines." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 92, no. 8 (July 11, 2015): 1119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-015-2681-9.

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6

Xu, Li, Lingyi Zeng, Li Ren, Wang Chen, Fan Liu, Huan Yang, Ruibing Yan, Kunrong Chen, and Xiaoping Fang. "Marker-free lines of phytase-transgenic Brassica napus show enhanced ability to utilize phytate." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 140, no. 1 (September 26, 2019): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-019-01706-3.

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7

Malý, Ondřej, Jan Mareš, Iveta Zugárková, and Lukáš Mareš. "The Effect of Using Low‑Phytate Cereal Varieties on Phosphorus Digestibility and Selected Production Indices." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 5 (2017): 1567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765051567.

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The pollution of surface waters by excessive biogenic elements, especially phosphorus, is a highly topical subject. Fishery management on ponds may be one of the potential sources of phosphorus in waters. Cyprinid fish generally have a very poor digestion of the phosphorus contained in the plant‑based components of feeds. In them, phosphorus is deposited in the form of phytic acid which is almost indigestible for cyprinids. The conducted testing was focused on affecting the digestibility of phosphorus contained in plant‑based feeds. Two of the cereals most frequently grown in the Czech Republic were tested, namely, wheat and barley. Control feeds were varieties commonly grown in our country, i.e. Vánek and Bojos. Furthermore, we used special cereal mutant lines with a decreased content of the phytic acid, JS‑12/IDO 563 and M955. The test results showed that when using the low‑phytate wheat line, the digestibility of phosphorus was increased by up to 11.21 % (P < 0.01); and by 5.89 % (P < 0.05) in the case of barley. Both low‑phytate lines of the cereals used significantly affect phosphorus digestibility and decrease the loading of the environment with phosphorus. When using the low‑phytate wheat line, a significant effect (P < 0.05) was found on the fat content in the fish body compared to the control variety but also compared to the low‑phytate barley line. No significant effect was found comparing both control varieties and comparing the barley varieties mutually.

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8

Anderson, Brian P., and Walter R. Fehr. "Seed Source Affects Field Emergence of Low-Phytate Soybean Lines." Crop Science 48, no. 3 (2008): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2007.09.0510.

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9

Trimble, Loren A., and Walter R. Fehr. "Genetic Improvement of Seedling Emergence of Low-Phytate Soybean Lines." Crop Science 50, no. 1 (January 2010): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2009.02.0098.

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10

Oltmans, Sheilah E., Walter R. Fehr, Grace A. Welke, Victor Raboy, and Kevin L. Peterson. "Agronomic and Seed Traits of Soybean Lines with Low-Phytate Phosphorus." Crop Science 45, no. 2 (March 2005): 593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.0593.

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11

Spear, Jordan D., and Walter R. Fehr. "Genetic Improvement of Seedling Emergence of Soybean Lines with Low Phytate." Crop Science 47, no. 4 (July 2007): 1354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2006.09.0600.

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12

Markiewicz, Lidia Hanna, Anna Maria Ogrodowczyk, Wiesław Wiczkowski, and Barbara Wróblewska. "Phytate and Butyrate Differently Influence the Proliferation, Apoptosis and Survival Pathways in Human Cancer and Healthy Colonocytes." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 1887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061887.

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The colonic epithelium is never exposed to a single factor, therefore studies on the effect of combinations of factors naturally and persistently present in the intestines are of special importance for understanding the phenomena occurring at this place. The aim of the study was to investigate the combined effect of 1 mM phytate and 1 mM butyrate (PA1B1) on cell lines derived from cancer (HCT116 and HT-29) and healthy (NCM460D) human colonic epithelium. Colorimetric and flow cytometry methods were used to determine the proliferation rate, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Selected markers of proliferation, inflammatory, and survival pathways were investigated at the mRNA and/or protein level. The combination of phytate and butyrate disturbed the cell cycle and triggered apoptosis and/or death in both studied cancer colonocytes to a higher extent compared to healthy colonocytes. Moreover, in healthy colonocytes, phytate activated the survival pathway without stimulation of inflammatory response. This may indicate that the response of healthy colonocytes to phytate protects colonic epithelium from the loss of integrity and tightness that would occur if inflammation developed. Based on the obtained results we postulate that studies on both cancer and/or healthy colonocytes should be carried out in the presence of butyrate as the permanent component of colonic contents. This should be of special importance when anti-proliferative/pro-apoptotic activity or inflammatory status of colonocytes is to be investigated.

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13

Nelom, Asrangar, Brahim Boy Otchon, Dolinassou Souina, and Nassourou Maina Antoine. "Variability and Dehulling Effect on Seed Antinutrients and Antioxidant Activity of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Genotypes Grown in Two Agroecological Zones of Chad." EAS Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics 5, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjbg.2023.v05i01.001.

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Major limiting factors of wide consumption of cowpea in day today diet include poor digestibility and the presence of anti-nutritional factors. Whole and dehulled seeds of eight improved cowpea lines grown in N’Djamena and Bebedjia (Chad) were analysed for four antinutritional factors contents (total phenols, tannins, flavonoids, phytates) and antioxidant activity, in order to assess the variability and the effect of decortication. In each locality, the experimental design was a triplicated randomly complete block design. Standard methods were used to evaluate these biochemical traits. The results showed a wide variability among genotypes for these traits in whole and dehulled seeds. In average, the decortication reduced polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids and phytate contents by 72.3%, 64%, 48.6% and 30.1% respectively. The dehulling also reduced the antioxidant activity by 42.25%. Dehulling appeared as a proper processing method to reduce anti-nutritional factors and improve the bioavailability of nutrients, especially when cowpeas are used as food for infants and children.

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14

Gebremichael, Habtamu, Melaku Tafese, Habtemariam Zegeye, Abraha Gebregiorgis, Dugasa Gerenfess, Neima Demsis, Cherinet Kassahu, and Bilatu Agza. "Identifying bread wheat lines for high zinc, iron and low phytate concentration." International Journal of Agriculture and Nutrition 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 08–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26646064.2020.v2.i1a.24.

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15

Gill, John R., and Walter R. Fehr. "Elevated Palmitate and Stearate Concentrations in the Oil of Low‐Phytate Soybean Lines." Crop Science 51, no. 6 (November 2011): 2915. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2011.01.0042er.

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16

Gill, John R., and Walter R. Fehr. "Elevated Palmitate and Stearate Concentrations in the Oil of Low-Phytate Soybean Lines." Crop Science 51, no. 5 (September 2011): 1997–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2011.01.0042.

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17

Škarpa, Petr, Marie Školníková, Jiří Antošovský, Pavel Horký, Iva Smýkalová, Jiří Horáček, Radmila Dostálová, and Zdenka Kozáková. "Response of Normal and Low-Phytate Genotypes of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) on Phosphorus Foliar Fertilization." Plants 10, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081608.

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Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient in plant nutrition. Its absorption by plants from the soil is influenced by many factors. Therefore, a foliar application of this nutrient could be utilized for the optimal nutrition state of plants. The premise of the study is that foliar application of phosphorus will increase the yield of normal-phytate (npa) cultivars (CDC Bronco a Cutlass) and low-phytate (lpa) lines (1-2347-144, 1-150-81) grown in soils with low phosphorus supply and affect seed quality depending on the ability of the pea to produce phytate. A graded application of phosphorus (H₃PO₄) in four doses: without P (P0), 27.3 mg P (P1), 54.5 mg P (P2), and 81.8 mg P/pot (P3) realized at the development stages of the 6th true leaf led to a significant increase of chlorophyll contents, and fluorescence parameters of chlorophyll expressing the CO2 assimilation velocity. The P fertilization increased the yield of seeds significantly, except the highest dose of phosphorus (P3) at which the yield of the npa cultivars was reduced. The line 1-2347-144 was the most sensible to the P application when the dose P3 increased the seed production by 42.1%. Only the lpa line 1-150-81 showed a decreased tendency in the phytate content at the stepped application of the P nutrition. Foliar application of phosphorus significantly increased ash material in seed, but did not tend to affect the protein and mineral content of seeds. Only the zinc content in seeds was significantly reduced by foliar application of P in npa and lpa pea genotypes. It is concluded from the present study that foliar phosphorus application could be an effective way to enhance the pea growth in P-deficient condition with a direct effect on seed yield and quality.

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18

Zhang, M., S. Chen, X. Chen, Y. Huang, L. Wei, B. Chen, Y. Wu, et al. "238 PRODUCTION OF CLEAVAGE-RESISTANT PHYTASE TRANSGENIC PIGS BY HANDMADE CLONING." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 2 (2016): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv28n2ab238.

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Rapidly developing and intensive animal husbandry of livestock is a major contributor to global environmental pollutions. Large quantities and high concentrations of manure waste that contains phytate phosphorus are generated. The use of phytase can effectively solve the problem of high phosphorus pollution in the fecal material of monogastric animals. Enviropigs, producing phytase in the salivary glands and secreting the enzyme in the saliva, were first generated at the University of Guelph (Guelph, ON, Canada) in 1999. However, phytase is easily inactivated in digestive processing. To address this problem, we improved the transgene construct and successfully generated phytase transgenic pigs by handmade cloning. The Escherichia coli periplasmic phosphoanhydride phosphohydrolase (appA) gene was subcloned. Using fragment substitution method, we designed a phytase gene that was insensitive to cleavage by pepsin and trypsin and had a higher affinity for the substrate. After codon optimization, the designed phytase gene was named Cafp and subcloned downstream of the pig parotid secretory protein (PSP) gene promoter. The tissue-specific vector p-PSP-Intron-Cafp was constructed and transferred into Landrace fetal fibroblasts by electroporation. The cell lines carrying Cafp were used as nuclear donors in handmade cloning. Cloned embryos were cultured in vitro to blastocysts and transferred to recipient sows. The presence of Cafp was tested by PCR and sequencing of cloned pigs. Phytase activity in saliva, feed, and feces was detected by the ammonium molybdate method with a slight modification. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to determine tissue-specific expression. Three cell lines carrying Cafp were obtained. We generated 1027 blastocysts; 712 were of good quality and transferred to 6 recipients. Fourteen piglets were born, of which 6 survived. The PCR and sequencing results showed that 7 (3 live and 4 dead) of the 14 piglets carried Cafp. Phytase activity in the saliva of the 6 live cloned pigs was tested at 4 months of age and only 1 pig had 0.155 FTU mL–1 enzyme activity. The enzyme in the other 2 pigs may be inactivated in the transgenic parotid gland. Among all the transgenic pigs, the highest phosphorus digestion rate was 59.2% of intake, which represents a 25.4% decrease in fecal emissions compared with the average of controls. The IHC results on the 3 later dead, Cafp-positive pigs showed that the transgene was expressed only in parotids, confirming tissue-specific gene expression. In summary, cleavage-resistant phytase transgenic pigs were successfully produced through handmade cloning. The cloned pigs offer a unique biological approach to manage phosphorus nutrition and environmental pollution in animal husbandry.

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19

Berwal, MK, P. Goyal, and LK Chugh. "Exploitation of pearl millet germplasm for identification of low grain phytate containing parental lines." Journal of Agriculture and Ecology 06, no. 02 (2018): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53911/jae.2018.6205.

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20

Nerling, Daniele, Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho, and Adriele Brümmer. "Biochemical profiling and its role in physiological quality of maize seeds." Journal of Seed Science 40, no. 1 (March 2018): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v40n1172734.

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Abstract: Viability and vigor of seeds are physiological attributes influenced by a myriad of factors including the genotype. Biochemical profiling of maize seeds and its correlation with their physiological quality is of crucial importance in breeding programs that the aim is seeds of better quality. The main goal of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity among maize inbred lines and evaluate the biochemical components that have an important role in physiological quality of seeds. The seeds of the inbred lines and hybrids were submitted to viability test, vigor by the accelerated aging and cold tolerance, and biochemical profiling (total protein content, soluble proteins, total phosphorus, phytate, inorganic phosphorus, starch and soluble sugars). The genetic divergence between the inbred lines found, prompt us to conclude that genetic gains may exist in association with physiological quality of maize hybrids. Seeds with higher inorganic phosphorus and soluble sugars presented superior physiological quality than seeds with lower levels of those compounds.

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21

Brankov, Milan, Milena Simic, Vesna Dragicevic, Sava Vrbnicanin, and Igor Spasojevic. "Genotype dependent tolerance to herbicides of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines." Genetika 47, no. 1 (2015): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1501097b.

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Herbicide application in seed maize requires special attention due to their larger sensitivity than hybrid maize. The aim of study was to examine and define the sensitivity/tolerance of the five maize inbred lines with different susceptibility to herbicides (belonging to different heterotic groups), based on alterations of secondary metabolites (phenolics, protein sulfhydryl groups, phytic and inorganic phosphorus). Two groups of herbicides: triketons (mesotrione and topramezone) and sulfonylureas (rimsulfuron and foramsulfuron) were tested. Lines from independent heterotic group, which were sensitive to herbicides expressed visible damages together with significant reduce in grain yield, mainly induced by sulfonylurea herbicides. Parallel with that, significant increase in phenolics, phytic and inorganic phosphorus, as well as drop in protein sulfhydryl groups were observed in their leaves. Tolerant lines (belonging to Lancaster group) had mainly insignificant grain yield reduce, also with lesser variations in sulfhydryl groups, content of phytic and inorganic phosphorus, as well as increase in phenolics content. Among examined secondary metabolites, phytate is the main factor, contributing to herbicide tolerance in maize lines. Owing to lesser yield decrease and variation in content of examined secondary metabolites, expressed in treatments with triketone herbicides, they usage could be safe in maize lines.

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22

Meis, Shane J., Walter R. Fehr, and Steven R. Schnebly. "Seed Source Effect on Field Emergence of Soybean Lines with Reduced Phytate and Raffinose Saccharides." Crop Science 43, no. 4 (July 2003): 1336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.1336.

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23

Markiewicz, Lidia Hanna, Anna Maria Ogrodowczyk, Wiesław Wiczkowski, and Barbara Wróblewska. "Phytate Hydrolysate Differently Modulates the Immune Response of Human Healthy and Cancer Colonocytes to Intestinal Bacteria." Nutrients 14, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 4234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14204234.

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(1) Phytic acid (PA) is a component of cereal seeds and legumes, therefore its consumption is much higher in a vegan and vegetarian diet compared to a conventional diet. The diet is the main driver of metabolic activity of gut microbiota, therefore, the ability to degrade phytates by the microbiota of vegans significantly exceeds that of the gut microbiota of omnivores. The aim of the study was to investigate the early phase of the immune response of colonocytes treated with an enzymatic hydrolysate of phytic acid (hPA120) and gut bacteria. (2) Cell lines derived from healthy (NCM460D) and cancer (HCT116) colonic tissue and fecal bacteria from vegan (V) and omnivorous (O) donors were investigated. Fecal bacteria were grown in mucin and phytic acid supplemented medium. Cultured bacteria (BM) were loaded onto colonocytes alone (V BM and O BM) or in combination with the phytate hydrolysate (V BM + hPA120 and O BM + hPA120). After a treatment of 2 h, bacterial adhesion, secretion of cytokines, and the expression of genes and proteins important for immune response were determined. (3) All bacteria-treated colonocytes increased the expression of IL8 compared to controls. The significant increase of the secreted IL-8 (p < 0.01) in both cell lines was observed for O BM and O BM + hPA120. The increase of TNF, IL-1β, and IL-10 secretion in healthy colonocytes (V BM alone and with hPA120 treatments; p < 0.05) and for TNF and IL-10 in cancer cells (treatments except O BM + hPA120 and V BM, respectively; p > 0.05) were stated. A comparison of solely the effect of hPA120 on bacteria-treated colonocytes (BM vs. BM + hPA120) showed that hPA120 decreased expression of NFkB1 and TNFR (p < 0.001) in healthy colonocytes. In cancer colonocytes, the expression of TLR4 and IL1R increased after BM + hPA120 treatment, whereas the secretion of IL-8 and MYD88 and TNFR expression decreased (p < 0.01). (4) The investigated hPA120 showed a differentiated modulatory activity on the immune response of healthy and cancer human colonocytes. Especially when analyzed independently on the gut bacteria origin, it reduced the proinflammatory response of HCT116 cells to gut bacteria, while being neutral for the bacteria-treated healthy colonocytes.

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24

Sun, Xuefang, Feng Liu, Wen Jiang, Peiyu Zhang, Zixuan Zhao, Xiang Liu, Yan Shi, and Qing Sun. "Talaromyces purpurogenus Isolated from Rhizosphere Soil of Maize Has Efficient Organic Phosphate-Mineralizing and Plant Growth-Promoting Abilities." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (March 29, 2023): 5961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075961.

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The scarcity of phosphorus (P) makes improving phosphorus use efficiency a critical issue in crop production. Plant rhizosphere microorganisms play a vital role in increasing phosphorus bioavailability and promoting the level of plant-absorbable P in agroecosystems. In this study, Talaromyces purpurogenus SW-10 strain with efficient organic phosphate-mineralizing ability was isolated from maize rhizosphere soil. SW-10 showed efficient phytate utilization with corresponding soluble P levels of 525.43 mg/L and produced phytase in the liquid medium. The response surface methodology (RSM) analysis showed that glucose as the carbon source and (NH4)2SO4 as the nitrogen source at 28 °C and pH 7.0 promoted higher mineralization of insoluble organic phosphate. When cocultivated with different genotypes of maize seedlings, SW-10 significantly increased the shoot’s dry weight by 37.93%, root’s dry weight by 31.25%, and the plant height by 13.03% for low-P sensitive inbred line 31778, while no significant change was observed in the low-P tolerance inbred line CCM454. In addition, SW-10 strain significantly increased total P-concentration in the shoots (22.4%~32.9%) and roots (3.10%~9.77%) for both inbred lines. In conclusion, the isolated T. purpurogenus SW-10 strain possesses an efficient organic phosphate-mineralizing ability and maize plant growth-promoting effect, especially for the low-P sensitive genotype that could be exploited for enhancing P availability in agriculture.

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25

Brace, Ryan C., and Walter R. Fehr. "Modifying Genes for Palmitate and Stearate Concentration Impacts Selection for Low-Phytate, Low-Saturate Soybean Lines." Crop Science 52, no. 2 (March 2012): 664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2011.08.0419.

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26

Pérez-López, Jesús, Ana B. Feria, Jacinto Gandullo, Clara de la Osa, Irene Jiménez-Guerrero, Cristina Echevarría, José A. Monreal, and Sofía García-Mauriño. "Silencing of SbPPCK1-3 Negatively Affects Development, Stress Responses and Productivity in Sorghum." Plants 12, no. 13 (June 23, 2023): 2426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12132426.

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Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) plays central roles in photosynthesis, respiration, amino acid synthesis, and seed development. PEPC is regulated by different post-translational modifications. Between them, the phosphorylation by PEPC-kinase (PEPCk) is widely documented. In this work, we simultaneously silenced the three sorghum genes encoding PEPCk (SbPPCK1-3) by RNAi interference, obtaining 12 independent transgenic lines (Ppck1-12 lines), showing different degrees of SbPPCK1-3 silencing. Among them, two T2 homozygous lines (Ppck-2 and Ppck-4) were selected for further evaluation. Expression of SbPPCK1 was reduced by 65% and 83% in Ppck-2 and Ppck-4 illuminated leaves, respectively. Expression of SbPPCK2 was higher in roots and decreased by 50% in Ppck-2 and Ppck-4 in this tissue. Expression of SbPPCK3 was low and highly variable. Despite the incomplete gene silencing, it decreased the degree of phosphorylation of PEPC in illuminated leaves, P-deficient plants, and NaCl-treated plants. Both leaves and seeds of Ppck lines had altered metabolic profiles and a general decrease in amino acid content. In addition, Ppck lines showed delayed flowering, and 20% of Ppck-4 plants did not produce flowers at all. The total amount of seeds was lowered by 50% and 36% in Ppck-2 and Ppck-4 lines, respectively. The quality of seeds was lower in Ppck lines: lower amino acid content, including Lys, and higher phytate content. These data confirm the relevance of the phosphorylation of PEPC in sorghum development, stress responses, yield, and quality of seeds.

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Camdzija, Zoran, Vesna Dragicevic, Jelena Vancetovic, Milan Stevanovic, Jovan Pavlov, Milomir Filipovic, and Dragana Ignjatovic-Micic. "Inheritance of inorganic and phytic phosphorus in maize (Zea mays L.) kernel." Genetika 50, no. 1 (2018): 299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1801299c.

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A set of fifteen elite inbred lines of maize (used as mothers) and three tester inbred lines (used as fathers) were investigated using line x tester statistical model, including both hybrids and inbreds. Four traits were measured: grain yield, 1000 kernel weight, phytic phosphorus (Pphy) and inorganic phosphorus (Pi) in the kernel. Pphy content among hybrids ranged from 2.342 to 4.812 g kg-1 and Pi content from 0.562 to 2.340 g kg-1, while among inbreds (lines and testers) they ranged from 2.503 to 4.180 g kg-1 and from 0.587 to 1.629 g kg-1, respectively. Correlations between the four traits allow breeding for high Pi and low Pphy, as well as for both high Pi and phytate, without compromising grain yield. Correlation for hybrids between Pphy and Pi was 0.185 (p<0.05) and for inbreds 0.142 (non-significant). General combining ability/special combining ability (GCA/SCA) values for all the traits were below 1 (very low) indicated non-additive inheritance. In the investigated set of genotypes, multiple selection indices should be used for simultaneous improvement of grain yield and phosphorus profile of maize grain.

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Bregitzer, Phil, Victor Raboy, and Donald E. Obert. "Registration of LP1-2581, LP1-2163H, LP3-1159, and LP640-1304 Low-Phytate Spring Barley Germplasm Lines." Journal of Plant Registrations 4, no. 3 (September 2010): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3198/jpr2010.01.0024crg.

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Jervis, Judith, Christin Kastl, Sherry B. Hildreth, Ruslan Biyashev, Elizabeth A. Grabau, Mohammad A. Saghai-Maroof, and Richard F. Helm. "Metabolite Profiling of Soybean Seed Extracts from Near-Isogenic Low and Normal Phytate Lines Using Orthogonal Separation Strategies." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 63, no. 44 (November 3, 2015): 9879–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04002.

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Onwubiko, Nwakuche Chinenye, Queen Ifeoma Emereola, Chinyere Prisca Anyanwu, and Grace Ovute Chimdi. "Preliminary study on species variability and evolutionary status of African walnut (Plukenetia conophora)." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Agriculture and Environment 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausae-2021-0007.

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Abstract An analysis of the biochemical composition of African walnut seeds collected from two different geographical areas, Nigeria and Cameroon, was used to conduct the primary assessment of varietal differences and evolutionary status of Plukenetia conophora. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Department of Biochemistry and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria. The experimental design was completely randomized design with five replications. Significant difference (P > 0.05) was not observed with the proximate properties of the seeds of the two lines except for carbohydrate. However, higher values in protein (28.32%), crude fat (5.67%), ash (4.33%), and moisture (38.44%) content were obtained for the line from Nigeria, while the line from Cameroon had higher values for carbohydrate (20.87%) and crude fibre (9.32%). With regard to mineral composition, significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in some mineral elements such as manganese, sodium, and chromium. Anti-nutritional composition such as proximate properties did not show any significant difference between the two lines. However, the line from Nigeria had higher values of phytate (6.27%) and oxalate (0.11%), while a higher content of tannin (0.36%) and saponin (0.27%) was obtained for the line from Cameroon. Evidently, the result obtained was not substantial to establish varietal differences between the two lines; nevertheless, it showed some level of evolutionary changes in the crop over the years.

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Boehm, Jeffrey D., Forbes R. Walker, Hem S. Bhandari, Dean Kopsell, and Vincent R. Pantalone. "Seed Inorganic Phosphorus Stability and Agronomic Performance of Two Low-Phytate Soybean Lines Evaluated across Six Southeastern US Environments." Crop Science 57, no. 5 (June 30, 2017): 2555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2017.02.0107.

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Xue, Yan-Fang, Hai-Yong Xia, Steve P. McGrath, Peter R. Shewry, and Fang-Jie Zhao. "Distribution of the stable isotopes 57Fe and 68Zn in grain tissues of various wheat lines differing in their phytate content." Plant and Soil 396, no. 1-2 (July 5, 2015): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2582-6.

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33

., Dalamu, J. Sharma, S. Kumar, S. K. Luthra, A. K. Sharma, V. Sharma, and V. K. Dua. "Mineral content of red skinned potatoes of Eastern India." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.2019.v14i01.014.

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Potato tuber colour is an important factor that influences consumer preferences. Eastern plain region of India contributes about 50% of total potato acreage and production. Consumers in this region generally prefer red skinned varieties. Growing awareness for nutrient rich food can create a niche market for nutritious potatoes. Potato is crop of choice for mineral biofortification owing to better mineral bioavailability due to its high ascorbic acid and minimal phytate content. Iron and zinc are the essentially required minerals for good health. Considering the nutritional importance of these elements and wider prevalence of their deficiency in Indian sub-continent, thirteen Eastern regions red skinned advanced hybrids and varieties were evaluated to find the genetic diversity for iron and zinc content. A significant wide range of contents was observed for both the elements. High heritability of both mineral suggests feasibility of selecting genotypes for breeding nutrient rich varieties. Identified genotypes can be utilised as parental lines for future breeding programme and can be released as nutrient rich potato variety.

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., Dalamu, J. Sharma, S. Kumar, S. K. Luthra, A. K. Sharma, V. Sharma, and V. K. Dua. "Mineral content of red skinned potatoes of Eastern India." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v14i1.708.

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Potato tuber colour is an important factor that influences consumer preferences. Eastern plain region of India contributes about 50% of total potato acreage and production. Consumers in this region generally prefer red skinned varieties. Growing awareness for nutrient rich food can create a niche market for nutritious potatoes. Potato is crop of choice for mineral biofortification owing to better mineral bioavailability due to its high ascorbic acid and minimal phytate content. Iron and zinc are the essentially required minerals for good health. Considering the nutritional importance of these elements and wider prevalence of their deficiency in Indian sub-continent, thirteen Eastern regions red skinned advanced hybrids and varieties were evaluated to find the genetic diversity for iron and zinc content. A significant wide range of contents was observed for both the elements. High heritability of both mineral suggests feasibility of selecting genotypes for breeding nutrient rich varieties. Identified genotypes can be utilised as parental lines for future breeding programme and can be released as nutrient rich potato variety.

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Olanrewaju, Oluwaseyi Samuel, Olaniyi Oyatomi, Michael Abberton, and Olubukola Oluranti Babalola. "Variations of Nutrient and Antinutrient Components of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) Seeds." Journal of Food Quality 2022 (October 21, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2772362.

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Bambara groundnut (BGN) fits the bill when it comes to an acceptable level of nutrient and mineral composition. BGN is a balanced food that can help eradicate food and nutritional insecurity if it is incorporated into the major food system. However, there is a large degree of variation in nutrient composition and antinutritional factors among BGN accessions. Here, we show the degree of variability of nutrient and antinutrient components such as percentage ash, moisture, protein, fat, tryptophan, tannin, and phytate contents in seeds of 95 accessions of BGN. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by correlation and principal component analysis. Clustering was done to show the relatedness between the accessions in response to the various traits. A high level of heterogeneity was observed among the accessions for the various traits studied. PC1 and PC2 show 41.2% of the total observed variations. Cluster analysis grouped accessions into four main clusters. This study was able to confirm the high level of diversity in the components of nutrients and antinutrients previously reported in BGN. The results of this study are expected to aid in identifying parent lines for improved breeding programs.

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Zhang, X., G. R. McDaniel, and D. A. Roland. "Genetic variation of phytate phosphorus utilization from hatch to three weeks of age in broiler chicken lines selected for incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia." Poultry Science 77, no. 3 (March 1998): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/77.3.386.

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Wilson, Miranda S. C., Simon J. Bulley, Francesca Pisani, Robin F. Irvine, and Adolfo Saiardi. "A novel method for the purification of inositol phosphates from biological samples reveals that no phytate is present in human plasma or urine." Open Biology 5, no. 3 (March 2015): 150014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.150014.

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Inositol phosphates are a large and diverse family of signalling molecules. While genetic studies have discovered important functions for them, the biochemistry behind these roles is often not fully characterized. A key obstacle in inositol phosphate research in mammalian cells has been the lack of straightforward techniques for their purification and analysis. Here we describe the ability of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) beads to bind inositol phosphates. This discovery allowed the development of a new purification protocol that, coupled with gel analysis, permitted easy identification and quantification of InsP 6 (phytate), its pyrophosphate derivatives InsP 7 and InsP 8 , and the nucleotides ATP and GTP from cell or tissue extracts. Using this approach, InsP 6 , InsP 7 and InsP 8 were visualized in Dictyostelium extracts and a variety of mammalian cell lines and tissues, and the effects of metabolic perturbation on these were explored. TiO 2 bead purification also enabled us to quantify InsP 6 in human plasma and urine, which led to two distinct but related observations. Firstly, there is an active InsP 6 phosphatase in human plasma, and secondly, InsP 6 is undetectable in either fluid. These observations seriously question reports that InsP 6 is present in human biofluids and the advisability of using InsP 6 as a dietary supplement.

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González-Melendi, Pablo, Ana Sofia Pires, and Rita Abranches. "Cell-line-dependent sorting of recombinant phytase in cell cultures of Medicago truncatula." Functional Plant Biology 36, no. 5 (2009): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp08260.

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Plant cell cultures as platforms for recombinant protein production are favoured over other systems because they combine the benefits of plants (low cost of production, low biosecurity risk, conserved post-translational modifications) with those of controlled cell cultures. However, many factors that affect the correct synthesis and accumulation of the recombinant product still need to be determined; in particular, the trafficking route of the recombinant proteins is poorly understood. Suspension cell cultures of Medicago truncatula Gaertn. have been shown to offer a viable and highly efficient system for the production of a model glycoprotein – phytase from the fungus Aspergillus niger Tiegh. The present study investigated subcellular protein sorting by immunogold detection of recombinant phytase with an electron microscope in four independent Medicago cell cultures expressing phytase. Two lines contained a C-terminal KDEL targeting signal for retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and the other two did not and were expected to travel through the secretory route; a high and low expressor were examined for each variant of the protein. A differential subcellular location of phytase was found in the four transgenic lines studied. These differences account not only for the version of the recombinant protein (secreted or retained in the ER), but also for the different expression levels.

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39

RIBEIRO, NERINÉIA DALFOLLO, GREICE ROSANA KLÄSENER, HENRIQUE CALETTI MEZZOMO, and SKARLET DE MARCO STECKLING. "TECHNOLOGICAL-NUTRITIONAL QUALITY TRAITS AND RELATIONSHIP TO BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN MESOAMERICAN AND ANDEAN BEANS." Revista Caatinga 34, no. 2 (June 2021): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n203rc.

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ABSTRACT The common bean exhibits wide genetic variability for technological quality traits, mineral concentrations, and bioactive compounds. For this reason, investigating the correlations between those traits in common bean lines of different gene pools contributes to the progress of biofortification programs. In the present study, two recombinant inbred line populations of Mesoamerican and Andean common bean were evaluated at the F5:7 generation. Technological quality was evaluated based on mass of 100 grains and seed coat color, which was determined using a colorimeter that analyzed the L* (white to black), a* (green to red) and b* (blue to yellow) values. The concentration of six minerals and bioactive compounds (phytates and phenolic compounds) was evaluated and used to characterize the nutritional composition of the lines. The evaluated common bean lines differed (p ≤ 0.05) for all technological quality traits, mineral concentrations, and bioactive compounds, except for the zinc concentration in Andean beans. Seed coat color (L*, a*, and b* values) was highly correlated with most of the evaluated minerals and with the phytates in Mesoamerican beans. In Andean beans, seed coat color (L*, a*, and b* values) was correlated with the concentrations of potassium, magnesium, iron, and phenolic compounds. The nutritional composition of common bean lines of different classes is variable: black beans have higher concentrations of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, zinc, and phytates; carioca beans stand out with high magnesium concentration; and cranberry beans have higher concentrations of potassium, magnesium, and iron.

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Vlcko, Tomas, Marie Hanakova, Jana Vaskova, and Ludmila Ohnoutkova. "Quantitative determination of phytase activity and inorganic phosphorus of transgenic barley and dihaploid lines." New Biotechnology 31 (July 2014): S184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2014.05.918.

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Liu, Xiaofei, Songyin Qiu, Xiaolin Li, Dandan Liu, Hongli Jing, Qin Wang, Xiangmei Lin, Dengke Pan, and Ningning Shi. "Establishment of a Decaplex PCR-Capillary Gel Electrophoresis Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Six Kinds of Genetically Modified Animals." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 101, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.17-0201.

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Abstract This study aimed to establish an event-specific multiplex PCR system using microsatellite markers and fluorescently labeled primers to detect six different genetically modified (GM) animal lines, including human lactoferrin GM cattle, human lysozyme GM cattle, human α-lactalbumin GM cattle, myostatin knockout pigs, phytase GM pigs, and ω-3 fatty acid desaturase gene GM pigs. Four different microsatellite loci for species identification, along with six GM animal-specific fragments, were selected as targets for primer design. The capillary gel electrophoresis results of multiplex PCR showed that the target fragments were amplified successfully. This high-throughput multiplex PCR detection system can be applied for the inspection and quarantine of GM animals.

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Murray, James D. "TRANSGENIC ANIMALS IN AGRICULTURE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 1 (2013): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv25n1ab343.

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The first reports on the effects of human growth hormone in transgenic mice, engendered speculation about how genetic engineering could be applied to improve livestock for use in agriculture. However, 30 years later this promise has yet to be realised as there are no GE animals approved for food consumption anywhere in the world. Initial work mostly either concentrated on the production of animals (sheep and swine) with deregulated growth hormone (GH) genes or represented work to improve our understanding of gene constructs for the control of gene expression. Although a variety of GH transgenic lines of livestock were successfully produced, most had compromised health and were not suitable for further development. However, several lines of transgenic farm animals and fish could be potentially useful genotypes for use in production agriculture, including GH pigs, phytase pigs, lysozyme goats, lactoferrin cows, and lactalbumin pigs. To date, none of these lines have yet been approved for human consumption and thus have not made it into production. Many of these lines have been placed in frozen storage or have been lost and would need to be redeveloped. The reasons for this are varied and include simply retirement of the developer, through to insufficient funds, pressure from anti-biotechnology activists, lack of a regulatory process, public opposition, or lack of a perceived need by industry. The combination of these factors has led to a virtual cessation of research and development of transgenic animals for use in agriculture in North America, Europe, and Australia, early leaders in developing this technology, and the emergence of programs in places such as Brazil and China, where the next generation of GE animals for agriculture will be developed. However, recent advances in the methodology to produce transgenic animals, such as the use of transposons or site-directed nucleases such as TALENs, may lead to renewed efforts to develop targeted GE animals for use in agriculture.

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Kenfack, Serge Ricardo Pobo, Mama Mouamfon, Stephano Tambo Tene, Jules Romain Ngueguim, and Youchahou Poutougnigni Matenchi. "Effets de trois traitements culinaires sur les propriétés physico-chimiques, fonctionnelles et anti-oxydantes de l’igname sauvage (Dioscorea praehensilis Benth) cultivé dans la région de l’Est-Cameroun." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 6 (February 23, 2022): 2665–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i6.32.

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Le « SAPA » (Dioscorea praehensilis Benth) est une espèce dont les liens socio-culturels conservés avec les Baka ne sont plus à démontrer. Son utilisation dans cette zone passe par plusieurs traitements culinaires (ébullition, braise…) qui affecte certaines propriétés jusqu’ici non encore élucidées. Le présent travail était axé sur la valorisation de D. praehensilis au Cameroun par l’étude de l’effet de quelques traitements culinaires sur ses propriétés physico-chimiques, fonctionnelles et anti-oxydantes. Le matériel végétal (échantillons cru, bouilli, braisé et cuit sous cendre), une fois séché et broyé a subi plusieurs analyses physico-chimiques, fonctionnelles et anti-oxydantes suivant des méthodes AOAC connues. Les résultats ont révélé que les teneurs en amidon et en amylose étaient élevées dans les échantillons bouillis (26,63±5,11) et ceux cuits sous cendre (55,49±0,25) contrairement à l’amylopectine. La valeur la plus élevée en sucre réducteur a été obtenue par cuisson à la braise (0,85±0,15) et la plus faible par ébullition (0,30±0,00). La teneur en saponines variait entre 0,77 (bouilli) et 1,70 mg/100 g de MS (cru et braise). L’échantillon cru a présenté une teneur en phytates plus élevée (18,30 mg/100 g de MS) alors que ceux bouillis et cuits sous cendre les valeurs les plus faibles (6,10 mg/100 g de MS) contrairement aux oxalates où on n’a pas observé de différence significative (P<0,05) entre traitements. Au regard des résultats, il ressort que les propriétés de D. praehensilis sont influencées par le traitement culinaire. Ainsi, la valorisation du « SAPA » au Cameroun pourrait prendre en compte ses caractéristiques culinaires. Effects of three culinary treatments on the physicochemical, functional and antioxidant properties of wild yam (Dioscorea praehensilis Benth) grown in the East Cameroon region The 'SAPA' (Dioscorea praehensilis Benth) is a species whose socio-cultural links with the Baka are well established. Its use in this area involves several culinary treatments (boiling, braising, etc.) which affect certain properties that have not yet been elucidated. The present work focused on the valorization of D. praehensilis in Cameroon by studying the effect of some culinary treatments on its physicochemical, functional and antioxidant properties. The plant material (raw, boiled, braised and ash-cooked samples), once dried and ground, underwent several physicochemical, functional and antioxidant analyses according to known AOAC methods. The results revealed that starch and amylose contents were high in the boiled (26.63±5.11) and ash-baked (55.49±0.25) samples, while amylopectin was low. The highest reducing sugar value was obtained by braising (0.85±0.15) and the lowest by boiling (0.30±0.00). The saponin content varied between 0.77 (boiled) and 1.70 mg/100 g DM (raw and ember). The raw sample showed a higher phytate content (18.30 mg/100 g DM) while the boiled and baked samples showed the lowest values (6.10 mg/100 g DM), unlike oxalates where no significant difference (P<0.05) was observed between treatments. The results show that the properties of D. praehensilis are influenced by the culinary treatment. Thus, the valorisation of "SAPA" in Cameroon could take into account its culinary characteristics.

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Li, Guoling, Xianwei Zhang, Haoqiang Wang, Jianxin Mo, Cuili Zhong, Junsong Shi, Rong Zhou, et al. "CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Integration of Large Transgene into Pig CEP112 Locus." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 2 (December 9, 2019): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400810.

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Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9) is a precise genome manipulating tool that can produce targeted gene mutations in various cells and organisms. Although CRISPR/Cas9 can efficiently generate gene knockout, the gene knock-in (KI) efficiency mediated by homology-directed repair remains low, especially for large fragment integration. In this study, we established an efficient method for the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated integration of large transgene cassette, which carries salivary gland-expressed multiple digestion enzymes (≈ 20 kbp) in CEP112 locus in pig fetal fibroblasts (PFFs). Our results showed that using an optimal homology donor with a short and a long arm yielded the best CRISPR/Cas9-mediated KI efficiency in CEP112 locus, and the targeting efficiency in CEP112 locus was higher than in ROSA26 locus. The CEP112 KI cell lines were used as nuclear donors for somatic cell nuclear transfer to create genetically modified pigs. We found that KI pig (705) successfully expressed three microbial enzymes (β-glucanase, xylanase, and phytase) in salivary gland. This finding suggested that the CEP112 locus supports exogenous gene expression by a tissue-specific promoter. In summary, we successfully targeted CEP112 locus in pigs by using our optimal homology arm system and established a modified pig model for foreign digestion enzyme expression in the saliva.

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Gomez‐Coronado, Francisco, Ana S. Almeida, Oscar Santamaria, Ismail Cakmak, and Maria J. Poblaciones. "Potential of advanced breeding lines of bread‐making wheat to accumulate grain minerals (Ca, Fe, Mg and Zn) and low phytates under Mediterranean conditions." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 205, no. 3 (December 27, 2018): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jac.12325.

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Gilleland, Carson, Zack Peppmeier, and Mark Knauer. "Impact of Sow Transition Diet and Genetic Line on Sow Reproduction Under Heat Stress Conditions." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab096.003.

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Abstract The objective was to evaluate a sow transition diet and genetic line for farrowing duration and sow lactation characteristics. One batch of second parity sows (n = 78) were farrowed at the NCDA Tidewater Research Station in July. Sows consisted of two genetic lines, one selected since 2012 for young age at puberty and the other selected for old age at puberty. From day 109 of gestation until day 3 of lactation, sows were fed either 2.73 kg of a corn-soy lactation diet (3322 Kcal ME/kg, 0.99% SID lysine) once per day or 1.36 kg twice per day of a transition diet (3489 Kcal/kg, 0.71 SID lysine). The transition diet contained 45% wheat middlings, 8% added soybean oil, 3000 FTU/kg of phytase and 500 ppm zinc sulfate. Continuous traits and categorical traits were analyzed in SAS using linear models and chi-square tests, respectively. Results showed sows fed the transition diet farrowed numerically faster (P = 0.18) than those receiving the lactation diet (3:04 vs. 3:47). Transition diet fed sows tended (P = 0.10) to have a shorter wean-to-estrus interval than sows fed the lactation diet (5.27 vs. 5.69 days). Sows from the young puberty genetic line tended (P = 0.07) to have a greater average daily feed intake during lactation when compared to old puberty line females (4.92 vs. 4.71 kg). Young puberty sows also had a greater (P = 0.03) percentage of females exhibiting estrus by day 7 after weaning when compared to the old puberty genetic line (80 vs. 57%). No differences (P = 0.39 to 0.87) were detected between diets or genetic lines for stillborn piglet percentage, average piglet birth weight, average piglet weaning weight or litter size at weaning. Results suggest young puberty sows are more likely to return to estrus under the conditions of this study.

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Mehak Manzoor, Vikrant Sharma, Deepti Singh, Jagdip Singh Sohal, Gajender Kumar Aseri, Neeraj Khare, Shilpa Vij, and Deepansh Sharma. "Probiotic and Techno-Functional Traits of Lactobacillus pentosus DS2 Isolated from Naturally Fermented Plant Beverage." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (December 24, 2020): 7417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3929.

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The research on the isolation of novel lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from different fermented plant beverages is receiving immense attention for their significant health benefits towards human health. The present study aimed to isolate and categorize various functional attributes of Lactobacillus pentosus DS2 isolated from fermented black carrot beverage. The isolated L.pentosus DS2 strain exhibited resistance to acid and higher salt concentrations. The isolated strain was identified by using 16S rRNA gene sequences. L.pentosus DS2 showed high survivability of about 6.75 to 7.02 log CFU/ml from pH (2-8) and at a different salt concentration (1-10%) log CFU/ml ranged from 7.92 to 6.41 log CFU/ml. According to the obtained results, auto-aggregation as well as cell surface hydrophobicity was about 16.2 ± 0.35 and 90 ± 0.21 % respectively, while co-aggregation value was 72.5 ± 2.12 and 82 ± 1.41% with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. The enzymatic screening was performed and estimated as 0.54 ± 0.01, 103 ± 1.41, and 80.5 ± 2.89 U/mL of amylase, protease, and phytase. Cholesterol removal by L. pentosus DS2 was 47.15 ± 0.41%. The adherence levels by L. pentosus DS2 to different cell lines such as Caco-2 and HT-29 ranged from 17.65 ± 0.25 to 19.79 ± 0.31% respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern obtained showed a different degree of antibiotics sensitivity, such as resistance to ampicillin. Thus, the isolated L.pentosus DS2 has all the desired properties to be used as a potential probiotics strain.

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48

Afshar-Sterle, Shoukat, James F. Kollmorgen, and Geoffrey B. Fincher. "Reduction of fertile regenerants from protoplasts of Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal." Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 4 (2000): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt99014.

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Four suspension cell lines generated from two accessions of Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. (Aegilops squarrosa, 2n = 2x = 14, DD genome) were used to develop an efficient protocol for producing fertile regenerants from protoplasts. Protoplasts were isolated from each cell line by incubating fine cell aggregates (<500 µm in diameter) in a solution containing 3% Cellulase ‘Onozuka’ RS, 0.5% Macerozyme R10 and 0.2% Pectolyase Y23. Cell division occurred when the protoplasts were cultured at a density of 1.0–1.5 x 106 protoplasts mL–1 in half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.1 mg L–1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.6 M glucose and 1.2% agarose. The first cell divisions were observed after 5–7 days. Cell colonies were observed after 14 days and these grew quickly into large clumps when transferred to half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2.2 mg L-1 2,4-D, 30 g L–1 sucrose and solidified with 0.25% Phytagel. The colonies produced somatic embryos within 21–28 days of transfer to this medium. Somatic embryos were transferred to hormone-free MS medium for regeneration into plantlets. Although many regenerants produced shrivelled seeds, 9 of 16 were fertile and produced normal seeds.

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49

Mohamed, Mohamed F., Paul E. Read, and Dermot P. Coyne. "CPPU IN THE MEDIUM FOR SEED GERMINATION PROMOTES EMBRYOGENESIS FROM SEEDLING EXPLANTS IN COMMON BEAN." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 617f—617. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.617f.

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Few studies on embryogenesis in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have been reported and only the early stages of somatic embryogenesis were observed. Dry seeds from two common bean lines were germinated in darkness on L-6 medium containing 4% sucrose, 0.2 g casein hydrolysate /liter and 2.0 g phytagel /liter. The medium for seed germination was supplemented with 0, 2, 4 or 6μM forchlorfenuron (CPPU). Explants from cotyledonary leaves, petioles, hypocotyls and shoot apices were prepared from 14 day-old seedlings. Callus was derived from explant cultures incubated in darkness at 26C on the medium containing 4 μM 2,4-D and 1 μM Kinetin. The callus was transferred after 4 weeks into 125 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 50 ml liquid medium and placed on a gyrotary shaker (120 rpm) under cool-white light (12 μmol.m-2.s-1). The liquid medium was used with 2, 4 or 6 μM of 2,4-D alone or with zeatin supplements at relative concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5. Up to 200 somatic embryos from 40 to 50 mg callus inoculations were induced after 4 to 5 weeks. Callus derived from seedlings grown on CPPU-containing medium gave more repetitive somatic embryos. Cotyledonary stage embryos with clear bipolar structure were observed only from callus derived from seedlings grown on CPPU when transferred to suspension cultures containing 2,4-D and zeatin. All somatic embryos differentiated strong roots and some developed leaf-like structures on conversion medium.

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50

Ribeiro, Nerinéia Dalfollo, Skarlet De Marco Steckling, Henrique Caletti Mezzomo, and Iuri Paulo Somavilla. "Genetic parameters and combined selection for phosphorus, phytate, iron, and zinc in Mesoamerican common bean lines." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 43 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054201943027818.

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ABSTRACT The development of common bean cultivars that contain satisfactory minerals and phytate concentrations for the different nutritional requirements of consumers is a new strategy of breeding programs. This work aimed to obtain estimates of genetic parameters for the concentrations of phosphorus, phytate, iron, and zinc in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of Mesoamerican common bean, to study the correlations between these traits, and to select common bean lines for the biofortification program and for diets that require the decrease in the intake of these minerals. The RIL were obtained from the cross between BRS Esteio and SCS 205 Riqueza. Genetic variability and transgressive segregation were detected for all traits evaluated. Heritability estimates for the concentrations of phosphorus, phytate, iron, and zinc ranged from intermediate (h2: 30.31%) to high (h2: 98.68%) magnitude, and quantitative inheritance was observed. The phosphorus concentration showed an intermediate correlation estimate with iron (r = 0.4157) and zinc (r = 0.5693) concentrations. Cultivar BRS Expedito and line L 56-17 have a low phytate concentration (≤ 1.29%) and a high iron concentration (≥ 95 mg kg-1 of dry matter - DM), and will be selected by the common bean biofortification program. Lines L 59-17, L 31-17, and L 26-17 and cultivars IPR Siriri and BRS Valente have a high phytate concentration (≥ 2.57%) and a low zinc concentration (≤ 26 mg kg-1 DM) and will be selected for diets that aim at using the beneficial properties of phytate and reducing the zinc intake.

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