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Badu, Shyam, Roderick Melnik, and Sundeep Singh. "Analysis of Photosynthetic Systems and Their Applications with Mathematical and Computational Models." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 6821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196821.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In biological and life science applications, photosynthesis is an important process that involves the absorption and transformation of sunlight into chemical energy. During the photosynthesis process, the light photons are captured by the green chlorophyll pigments in their photosynthetic antennae and further funneled to the reaction center. One of the most important light harvesting complexes that are highly important in the study of photosynthesis is the membrane-attached Fenna–Matthews–Olson (FMO) complex found in the green sulfur bacteria. In this review, we discuss the mathematical formulations and computational modeling of some of the light harvesting complexes including FMO. The most recent research developments in the photosynthetic light harvesting complexes are thoroughly discussed. The theoretical background related to the spectral density, quantum coherence and density functional theory has been elaborated. Furthermore, details about the transfer and excitation of energy in different sites of the FMO complex along with other vital photosynthetic light harvesting complexes have also been provided. Finally, we conclude this review by providing the current and potential applications in environmental science, energy, health and medicine, where such mathematical and computational studies of the photosynthesis and the light harvesting complexes can be readily integrated.
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García-Rodríguez, Luz del Carmen, Juan Prado-Olivarez, Rosario Guzmán-Cruz, Martín Antonio Rodríguez-Licea, Alejandro Israel Barranco-Gutiérrez, Francisco Javier Perez-Pinal, and Alejandro Espinosa-Calderon. "Mathematical Modeling to Estimate Photosynthesis: A State of the Art." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (May 30, 2022): 5537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115537.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Photosynthesis is a process that indicates the productivity of crops. The estimation of this variable can be achieved through methods based on mathematical models. Mathematical models are usually classified as empirical, mechanistic, and hybrid. To mathematically model photosynthesis, it is essential to know: the input/output variables and their units; the modeling to be used based on its classification (empirical, mechanistic, or hybrid); existing measurement methods and their invasiveness; the validation shapes and the plant species required for experimentation. Until now, a collection of such information in a single reference has not been found in the literature, so the objective of this manuscript is to analyze the most relevant mathematical models for the photosynthesis estimation and discuss their formulation, complexity, validation, number of samples, units of the input/output variables, and invasiveness in the estimation method. According to the state of the art reviewed here, 67% of the photosynthesis measurement models are mechanistic, 13% are empirical and 20% hybrid. These models estimate gross photosynthesis, net photosynthesis, photosynthesis rate, biomass, or carbon assimilation. Therefore, this review provides an update on the state of research and mathematical modeling of photosynthesis.
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Stirbet, Alexandrina, Dušan Lazár, Ya Guo, and Govindjee Govindjee. "Photosynthesis: basics, history and modelling." Annals of Botany 126, no. 4 (December 13, 2019): 511–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background With limited agricultural land and increasing human population, it is essential to enhance overall photosynthesis and thus productivity. Oxygenic photosynthesis begins with light absorption, followed by excitation energy transfer to the reaction centres, primary photochemistry, electron and proton transport, NADPH and ATP synthesis, and then CO2 fixation (Calvin–Benson cycle, as well as Hatch–Slack cycle). Here we cover some of the discoveries related to this process, such as the existence of two light reactions and two photosystems connected by an electron transport ‘chain’ (the Z-scheme), chemiosmotic hypothesis for ATP synthesis, water oxidation clock for oxygen evolution, steps for carbon fixation, and finally the diverse mechanisms of regulatory processes, such as ‘state transitions’ and ‘non-photochemical quenching’ of the excited state of chlorophyll a. Scope In this review, we emphasize that mathematical modelling is a highly valuable tool in understanding and making predictions regarding photosynthesis. Different mathematical models have been used to examine current theories on diverse photosynthetic processes; these have been validated through simulation(s) of available experimental data, such as chlorophyll a fluorescence induction, measured with fluorometers using continuous (or modulated) exciting light, and absorbance changes at 820 nm (ΔA820) related to redox changes in P700, the reaction centre of photosystem I. Conclusions We highlight here the important role of modelling in deciphering and untangling complex photosynthesis processes taking place simultaneously, as well as in predicting possible ways to obtain higher biomass and productivity in plants, algae and cyanobacteria.
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Riznichenko, G. Yu, and A. B. Rubin. "Mathematical Modeling in Biology. Part 1. Dynamic Models of Primary Photosynthesis Processes." Biology Bulletin Reviews 11, no. 2 (March 2021): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2079086421020079.
Повний текст джерела
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Amitrano, Chiara, Giovanni Battista Chirico, Stefania De Pascale, Youssef Rouphael, and Veronica De Micco. "Crop Management in Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) Systems Using Predictive Mathematical Models." Sensors 20, no. 11 (May 31, 2020): 3110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113110.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Proximal sensors in controlled environment agriculture (CEA) are used to monitor plant growth, yield, and water consumption with non-destructive technologies. Rapid and continuous monitoring of environmental and crop parameters may be used to develop mathematical models to predict crop response to microclimatic changes. Here, we applied the energy cascade model (MEC) on green- and red-leaf butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata). We tooled up the model to describe the changing leaf functional efficiency during the growing period. We validated the model on an independent dataset with two different vapor pressure deficit (VPD) levels, corresponding to nominal (low VPD) and off-nominal (high VPD) conditions. Under low VPD, the modified model accurately predicted the transpiration rate (RMSE = 0.10 Lm−2), edible biomass (RMSE = 6.87 g m−2), net-photosynthesis (rBIAS = 34%), and stomatal conductance (rBIAS = 39%). Under high VPD, the model overestimated photosynthesis and stomatal conductance (rBIAS = 76–68%). This inconsistency is likely due to the empirical nature of the original model, which was designed for nominal conditions. Here, applications of the modified model are discussed, and possible improvements are suggested based on plant morpho-physiological changes occurring in sub-optimal scenarios.
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Niebsch, Jenny, Werner von Bloh, Kirsten Thonicke, and Ronny Ramlau. "Accelerated photosynthesis routine in LPJmL4." Geoscientific Model Development 16, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-17-2023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The increasing impacts of climate change require strategies for climate adaptation. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are one type of multi-sectorial impact model with which the effects of multiple interacting processes in the terrestrial biosphere under climate change can be studied. The complexity of DGVMs is increasing as more and more processes, especially for plant physiology, are implemented. Therefore, there is a growing demand for increasing the computational performance of the underlying algorithms as well as ensuring their numerical accuracy. One way to approach this issue is to analyse the routines which have the potential for improved computational efficiency and/or increased accuracy when applying sophisticated mathematical methods. In this paper, the Farquhar–Collatz photosynthesis model under water stress as implemented in the Lund–Potsdam–Jena managed Land DGVM (4.0.002) was examined. We additionally tested the uncertainty of most important parameter of photosynthesis as an additional approach to improve model quality. We found that the numerical solution of a nonlinear equation, so far solved with the bisection method, could be significantly improved by using Newton's method instead. The latter requires the computation of the derivative of the underlying function which is presented. Model simulations show a significantly lower number of iterations to solve the equation numerically and an overall run time reduction of the model of about 16 % depending on the chosen accuracy. Increasing the parameters θ and αC3 by 10 %, respectively, while keeping all other parameters at their original value, increased global gross primary production (GPP) by 2.384 and 9.542 GtC yr−1, respectively. The Farquhar–Collatz photosynthesis model forms the core component in many DGVMs and land surface models. An update in the numerical solution of the nonlinear equation in connection with adjusting globally important parameters to best known values can therefore be applied to similar photosynthesis models. Furthermore, this exercise can serve as an example for improving computationally costly routines while improving their mathematical accuracy.
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Jungck, John R., Holly Gaff, and Anton E. Weisstein. "Mathematical Manipulative Models: In Defense of “Beanbag Biology”." CBE—Life Sciences Education 9, no. 3 (September 2010): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.10-03-0040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mathematical manipulative models have had a long history of influence in biological research and in secondary school education, but they are frequently neglected in undergraduate biology education. By linking mathematical manipulative models in a four-step process—1) use of physical manipulatives, 2) interactive exploration of computer simulations, 3) derivation of mathematical relationships from core principles, and 4) analysis of real data sets—we demonstrate a process that we have shared in biological faculty development workshops led by staff from the BioQUEST Curriculum Consortium over the past 24 yr. We built this approach based upon a broad survey of literature in mathematical educational research that has convincingly demonstrated the utility of multiple models that involve physical, kinesthetic learning to actual data and interactive simulations. Two projects that use this approach are introduced: The Biological Excel Simulations and Tools in Exploratory, Experiential Mathematics (ESTEEM) Project ( http://bioquest.org/esteem ) and Numerical Undergraduate Mathematical Biology Education (NUMB3R5 COUNT; http://bioquest.org/numberscount ). Examples here emphasize genetics, ecology, population biology, photosynthesis, cancer, and epidemiology. Mathematical manipulative models help learners break through prior fears to develop an appreciation for how mathematical reasoning informs problem solving, inference, and precise communication in biology and enhance the diversity of quantitative biology education.
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Zhuravleva, V. V., A. S. Manicheva, and A. A. Martynova. "Analysis of the Mathematical Model of Photosynthesis in Protected Ground." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 4(114) (September 9, 2020): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2020)4-13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem of predicting changes in the intensity of photosynthesis associated with changes in the lighting mode, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, and the temperature is urgent. Appropriate models can help choose the optimal mode of growing plants in protected soil, as well as serve as a basis for predicting the consequences of global climate change. It is noted that in the conditions of protected soil, the most significant factor is the illumination of plants.
The aim of the research is to construct an algorithm for additional illumination of plants in protected ground conditions based on a mathematical model of photosynthesis. The authors introduced the value of the efficiency of additional illumination and studied its dependence on the coefficient of light transmission of the roof.
The solution of the main task of the study is achieved by the fact that the light mode in protected ground structures is carried out on the basis of additional illumination to the ideal (optimal) for this type of plant. The entered value of the efficiency of additional illumination shows what energy costs will be for the production of photosynthesis products and, as a result, allows estimation of the economic costs.
The considered method of artificial lighting of plants makes it possible to effectively use both sunlight and artificial lighting, providing an optimal lighting mode all year round, and allows to increase the intensity of photosynthesis by 50-80 %.
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Töpfer, Nadine. "Environment-coupled models of leaf metabolism." Biochemical Society Transactions 49, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20200059.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The plant leaf is the main site of photosynthesis. This process converts light energy and inorganic nutrients into chemical energy and organic building blocks for the biosynthesis and maintenance of cellular components and to support the growth of the rest of the plant. The leaf is also the site of gas–water exchange and due to its large surface, it is particularly vulnerable to pathogen attacks. Therefore, the leaf's performance and metabolic modes are inherently determined by its interaction with the environment. Mathematical models of plant metabolism have been successfully applied to study various aspects of photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen assimilation and metabolism, aided suggesting metabolic intervention strategies for optimized leaf performance, and gave us insights into evolutionary drivers of plant metabolism in various environments. With the increasing pressure to improve agricultural performance in current and future climates, these models have become important tools to improve our understanding of plant–environment interactions and to propel plant breeders efforts. This overview article reviews applications of large-scale metabolic models of leaf metabolism to study plant–environment interactions by means of flux-balance analysis. The presented studies are organized in two ways — by the way the environment interactions are modelled — via external constraints or data-integration and by the studied environmental interactions — abiotic or biotic.
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Portes, Tomás Aquino. "Estimating the interconversion between CO2 and organic matter in the environment using mathematical models and some considerations." Revista de Biologia Neotropical / Journal of Neotropical Biology 17, no. 1 (June 27, 2020): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rbn.v17i1.61889.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aims was to use mathematical models to analyze the interconversion between the amount of organic matter produced and the consequent variation in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere and to discuss, supported by the data presented and the literature, possible changes in the Earth's environment. Scientific findings and evidence indicate that the concentrations of CO2 and O2 varied throughout the existence of the Earth. These variations were a consequence of the existing environment in different Eras, resulting in changes in all other processes that depended on these gases. Chemical reactions occurred and organic products such as petroleum arose abiotically. These products gave origin to organic chemistry and drastically reduced the concentration of CO2 and elevated O2 in the atmosphere. In the current plants, for each O2 produced in the photochemical step of photosynthesis, one CO2 is assimilated in the biochemical step. Supported by this relationship and by the results presented in this work, it can be inferred that the first photosynthetic organisms originated on Earth when the concentration of CO2 was possibly at a concentration below 1000 ppm. Biochemistry started with these organisms. The results suggest that the reduction in CO2 concentration was linear in relation to the age of the Earth, before the origin of photosynthetic organisms. This relationship changed with origin of these organisms, due to the major changes that occurred in the environment. There is evidence that in certain periods, CO2 concentrations have been reduced below the CO2 compensation point for certain plants resulting in the extinction of these plants and the organisms that depended on them.
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García, J. C., S. Gliouez, F. Guerrero-Poblete, and R. Quezada. "Entangled and dark stationary states of excitation energy transport models in quantum many-particle systems and photosynthesis." Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics 21, no. 03 (September 2018): 1850018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219025718500182.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We characterize the stationary states of an excitation energy transfer model in quantum many-particle systems [Y. Aref’eva, I. Volovich and S. Kozyrev, Stochastic limit method and interference in quantum many-particles systems, Theor. Math. Phys. 183(3) (2015) 782–799] as well as the stationary states of a quantum photosynthesis model [S. Kozyrev and I. Volovich, Dark states in quantum photosynthesis, arXiv:1603.07182v1 [physics.bio-ph]] in terms of a transport operator. It turns out that, apart from the ground state, all invariant states of the excitation energy transport model are entangled. For the photosynthesis model, any invariant state in the commutant of the system Hamiltonian is a mixed bright–dark state in the sense of [S. Kozyrev and I. Volovich, Dark states in quantum photosynthesis, arXiv:1603.07182v1 [physics.bio-ph]] and it is pure dark if and only if the bright vector belongs to the kernel of this state.
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Walker, Anthony P., Ming Ye, Dan Lu, Martin G. De Kauwe, Lianhong Gu, Belinda E. Medlyn, Alistair Rogers, and Shawn P. Serbin. "The multi-assumption architecture and testbed (MAAT v1.0): R code for generating ensembles with dynamic model structure and analysis of epistemic uncertainty from multiple sources." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2018): 3159–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-3159-2018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Computer models are ubiquitous tools used to represent systems across many scientific and engineering domains. For any given system, many computer models exist, each built on different assumptions and demonstrating variability in the ways in which these systems can be represented. This variability is known as epistemic uncertainty, i.e. uncertainty in our knowledge of how these systems operate. Two primary sources of epistemic uncertainty are (1) uncertain parameter values and (2) uncertain mathematical representations of the processes that comprise the system. Many formal methods exist to analyse parameter-based epistemic uncertainty, while process-representation-based epistemic uncertainty is often analysed post hoc, incompletely, informally, or is ignored. In this model description paper we present the multi-assumption architecture and testbed (MAAT v1.0) designed to formally and completely analyse process-representation-based epistemic uncertainty. MAAT is a modular modelling code that can simply and efficiently vary model structure (process representation), allowing for the generation and running of large model ensembles that vary in process representation, parameters, parameter values, and environmental conditions during a single execution of the code. MAAT v1.0 approaches epistemic uncertainty through sensitivity analysis, assigning variability in model output to processes (process representation and parameters) or to individual parameters. In this model description paper we describe MAAT and, by using a simple groundwater model example, verify that the sensitivity analysis algorithms have been correctly implemented. The main system model currently coded in MAAT is a unified, leaf-scale enzyme kinetic model of C3 photosynthesis. In the Appendix we describe the photosynthesis model and the unification of multiple representations of photosynthetic processes. The numerical solution to leaf-scale photosynthesis is verified and examples of process variability in temperature response functions are provided. For rapid application to new systems, the MAAT algorithms for efficient variation of model structure and sensitivity analysis are agnostic of the specific system model employed. Therefore MAAT provides a tool for the development of novel or toy models in many domains, i.e. not only photosynthesis, facilitating rapid informal and formal comparison of alternative modelling approaches.
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Lelekov, Alexander S., and Rudolf P. Trenkenshu. "Modeling of photosynthesis light curves by linear splines." Hydrosphere Еcology (Экология гидросферы), no. 2(4) (2019): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33624/2587-9367-2019-2(4)-20-29.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper presents an example of the linear splines use to describe the photosynthesis light curves for microalgae culture. The main mathematical models of the relationship between photosynthesis rate and light are listed. Based on the previously formulated basic principles of modeling microalgae photobiosynthesis, a mathematical model is proposed that describes the dependence of the assimilation number of chlorophyll a on the value of the light flux by linear splines. The advantage of the proposed approach is a clear definition of the point of change of the limiting factor. It is shown that light-limited photosynthesis rate is determined not only by external irradiation, but also by the concentration of chlorophyll a. The light-saturated rate depends on the amount of a key enzyme complex, which limits the rate of energy exchange reactions in the cell. Verification of the proposed model on the example of the diatom microalgae Skeletonema costatum was carried out. It is shown that the higher the degree of cell adaptation to high irradiation, the better the photosynthesis curve is described by linear splines. If S. costatum cells are adapted to low irradiation, deviations of experimental data from the idealized broken line are observed, which are caused by changes in the pigment composition. When the experimental data are normalized, the cell adaptation factor is reduced, all points are described by a single broken line, which indicates the universality of the proposed approach.
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Moura, Lucinewton Silva de, Ruy Bessa Lopes, Joseph Simões Ribeiro, Graciene Do Socorro Taveira Fernandes, Rodolfo Maduro Almeida, and Sérgio Gouvêa de Melo. "Mathematical modeling in the Urumari micro-watershed using Streeter-Phelps mathematical models and the enhanced Do-Bod model." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 11, no. 6 (July 6, 2020): 332–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2020.006.0027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When a certain load of pollutants is dumped in urban surface waters, the natural hydrological parameters are altered and a consequent dispersion of a contaminant occurs. Water self-purification is a natural recovery mechanism that aims to restore the natural parameters of water quality. In the municipality of Santarém, the Urumari micro-watershed, one of the main urban streams and a tributary of the Amazon river, suffers from increasing degradation. Thus, it is necessary to systematically monitor the water quality of the micro-watershed, through mathematical modeling, in order to identify environmental impairment and propose mitigating tools that facilitate self-purification capacity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the degree of disturbance of the Urumari micro-watershed using Streeter-Phelps mathematical models and the Enhanced DO-BOD model. The software Curve Expert 1.4 was used to adjust the coefficients of the mathematical models, using the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear function adjustment method. The complete mathematical model of DO and BOD considered the parcels of punctual deficit, microbial BOD, nitrification, sediment demand, photosynthesis and respiration. Three coefficients of the Streeter-Phelps model and six coefficients of the Enhanced DO-BOD model were adjusted according to the experimental data of dissolved oxygen and water travel time. The mathematical models satisfactorily correlated the experimental data. The values of the correlation coefficient, mean absolute deviations and quadratic deviations are for the Streeter-Phelps model and the Enhanced DO-BOD model, respectively. The Streeter-Phelps model presented the best correlation to the experimental data with the values of R2 equal to 0.83; mean absolute deviation equal to 0.56 and quadratic deviations equal to 4.98.
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Ligot, Gauthier, Philippe Balandier, Benoît Courbaud, and Hugues Claessens. "Forest radiative transfer models: which approach for which application?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 5 (May 2014): 391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0494.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Radiation is fundamental in forest ecosystem ecology as it drives plant photosynthesis, morphogenesis, and fluxes of carbon, water, and energy between soil, vegetation, and the atmosphere. Though all approaches of forest radiative transfer models (FRTM) share general properties, they differ greatly in terms of calibration parameters, required assumptions, and model objectives. They use different precision levels of canopy description (from one to three dimensions) and different mathematical relationships to model the attenuation of radiation through the canopy. To date, no general guideline has been given to help the modeler choose the approach that best suits his needs. We therefore reviewed evaluation, sensitivity, and performance of FRTMs recently reported in the literature. We quantified FRTM uncertainty and identified the most sensitive parameters relative to the modeling choices. Their advantages and drawbacks are discussed, and recommendations are made relative to application potential.
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Sheryazov, Saken K., and Svetlana A. Popova. "Light and Temperature Control for Greenhouse Plant Growth." Engineering Technologies and Systems 31, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202101.008-020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The article deals with the conditions for growing greenhouse plants. Supplementary lighting supports the process of plant photosynthesis and the microclimate in the greenhouse. The authors suggest the ways to reduce energy consumption in greenhouses by controlling the microclimate and process of supplementary lighting in greenhouses. Materials and Methods. Special lighting and temperature are required for growing greenhouse plants. A method of efficient plant growing is light and temperature control. The development of a control algorithm requires the mathematical models that relate the process of photosynthesis to the microclimate parameters. There are given the mathematical models based on the experimental data. Results. The control system and algorithm to control plant-growing conditions have been developed to maintain the greenhouse microclimate. LED lamps are used to control the lighting process. The authors present the developed block diagram of the control system, which contains four channels responsible for the main energy-intensive microclimate factors. The description of the algorithm of the greenhouse light-temperature control is given. Discussion and Conclusion. In conclusion, the need to maintain the greenhouse microclimate and supplementary lighting with the different radiation spectrum for the efficient cultivation of greenhouse plants is shown. The developed structure and control algorithm for the supplementary plant lighting process and greenhouse illumination through using LED lamps help reduce energy consumption.
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Sukhova, Ekaterina, Daria Ratnitsyna, Ekaterina Gromova, and Vladimir Sukhov. "Development of Two-Dimensional Model of Photosynthesis in Plant Leaves and Analysis of Induction of Spatial Heterogeneity of CO2 Assimilation Rate under Action of Excess Light and Drought." Plants 11, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 3285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11233285.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Photosynthesis is a key process in plants that can be strongly affected by the actions of environmental stressors. The stressor-induced photosynthetic responses are based on numerous and interacted processes that can restrict their experimental investigation. The development of mathematical models of photosynthetic processes is an important way of investigating these responses. Our work was devoted to the development of a two-dimensional model of photosynthesis in plant leaves that was based on the Farquhar–von Caemmerer–Berry model of CO2 assimilation and descriptions of other processes including the stomatal and transmembrane CO2 fluxes, lateral CO2 and HCO3− fluxes, transmembrane and lateral transport of H+ and K+, interaction of these ions with buffers in the apoplast and cytoplasm, light-dependent regulation of H+-ATPase in the plasma membrane, etc. Verification of the model showed that the simulated light dependences of the CO2 assimilation rate were similar to the experimental ones and dependences of the CO2 assimilation rate of an average leaf CO2 conductance were also similar to the experimental dependences. An analysis of the model showed that a spatial heterogeneity of the CO2 assimilation rate on a leaf surface should be stimulated under an increase in light intensity and a decrease in the stomatal CO2 conductance or quantity of the open stomata; this prediction was supported by the experimental verification. Results of the work can be the basis of the development of new methods of the remote sensing of the influence of abiotic stressors (at least, excess light and drought) on plants.
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Amin, Md Ruhul, and Marc R. Roussel. "Graph-theoretic analysis of a model for the coupling between photosynthesis and photorespiration." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 92, no. 2 (February 2014): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2013-0315.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We develop and analyze a mathematical model based on a previously enunciated hypothesis regarding the origin of rapid, irregular oscillations observed in photosynthetic variables when a leaf is transferred to a low-CO2 atmosphere. This model takes the form of a set of differential equations with two delays. We review graph-theoretical methods of analysis based on the bipartite graph representation of mass-action models, including models with delays. We illustrate the use of these methods by showing that our model is capable of delay-induced oscillations. We present some numerical examples confirming this possibility, including the possibility of complex transient oscillations. We then use the structure of the identified oscillophore, the part of the reaction network responsible for the oscillations, along with our knowledge of the plausible range of values for one of the delays, to rule out this hypothetical mechanism.
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Golosov, S., I. Zverev, A. Terzhevik, N. Palshin, G. Zdorovennova, T. Efremova, S. Bogdanov, and R. Zdorovennov. "On the parameterization of phytoplankton primary production in water ecosystem models." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 032079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/3/032079.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Parametrization of the formation of organic matter in ecological models is traditionally carried out by using the dependence of the Michaelis – Menten – Monod type [Monod, 1942], which describes the growth rate of algal biomass depending on the factor limiting their development. One of the biggest drawbacks of these dependences is the presence of empirical parameters in them, which in a complex way depend on environmental factors and are an individual characteristic of various types of algae. These parameters in the models actually become fitting coefficients that provide the best fit between observational data and modeling results, which does not allow for effective diagnostics and forecasting of the state of aquatic ecosystems. In this work, on the basis of dimensional analysis, a parametrization was obtained that describes the photosynthesis of algae depending on the parameters relatively easily measured in natural conditions - total solar radiation, phytoplankton biomass, and water transparency. Parametrization has been verified according to observations on more than 30 different types of lakes located in different regions of the world. The calculated data are in satisfactory agreement with the data of field observations, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Discrepancies in field and calculated data may be due to the fact that the species composition of algae in lakes of different trophic status is not taken into account, which can lead to errors in assessing the efficiency of using solar radiation. Discrepancies may also be related to the total solar radiation, rather than photosynthetic active radiation, which varies in different geographic and atmospheric conditions. The proposed parametrization can be used in the development of mathematical models of lake ecosystems, as well as to determine the trophic status of poorly studied water bodies.
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Yang, Peiqi, Wout Verhoef, and Christiaan van der van der Tol. "Unified Four-Stream Radiative Transfer Theory in the Optical-Thermal Domain with Consideration of Fluorescence for Multi-Layer Vegetation Canopies." Remote Sensing 12, no. 23 (November 28, 2020): 3914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12233914.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vegetation radiative transfer models (RTMs) are important tools to understand biosphere-atmosphere interactions. The four-stream theory has been successfully applied to solve the radiative transfer problems in homogeneous canopies for both incident solar radiation, thermal and fluorescence emission since 1984. In this note, we describe the development of a unified radiative transfer theory for optical scattering, thermal and fluorescence emission in multi-layer vegetation canopy, and provide a detailed mathematical derivation for the fluxes inside and leaving the canopy. This theory can be used to develop vegetation models for remote sensing applications and plant physiological processes, such as photosynthesis and transpiration. It can also be used to solve the radiative transfer problems in soil-water, soil-water-atmosphere, or soil-vegetation-atmosphere ensembles, besides the soil-vegetation system presented in the note.
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Hernández-Cervantes, A., and R. Quezada. "Stationary states of weak coupling limit-type Markov generators and quantum transport models." Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics 23, no. 01 (March 2020): 2050003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219025720500034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We prove that every stationary state in the annihilator of all Kraus operators of a weak coupling limit-type Markov generator consists of two pieces, one of them supported on the interaction-free subspace and the second one on its orthogonal complement. In particular, we apply the previous result to describe in detail the structure of a slightly modified quantum transport model due to Arefeva et al. (modified AKV’s model) studied first in [J. C. García et al., Entangled and dark stationary states of excitation energy transport models in many-particles systems and photosynthesis, Infin. Dimens. Anal. Quantum Probab. Relat. Top. 21(3) (2018), Article ID: 1850018, p. 21, doi:10.1142/S0219025718500182], in terms of generalized annihilation and creation operators.
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Yahuza, Salihu, Ibrahim Alhaji Sabo, Abdussamad Abubakar, and Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya. "Mathematical Isothermal Modeling of Remazol Black B Biosorption by Aspergillus flavus." Bioremediation Science and Technology Research 10, no. 1 (July 31, 2022): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/bstr.v10i1.685.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Azo dyes, like Remazol Black B, form covalent bonds with textile fibers like cotton, setting them apart from traditional dyes. Due to their advantageous qualities of vivid color, water resistance, straightforward application processes, and low energy consumption, they are widely used in the textile industry. Major environmental effects of their discharge into receiving streams include reduced photosynthesis in aquatic life as a result of decreased light penetration. Seven isotherm models—Henry, Langmuir, Freundlich, BET, Toth, Fritz-Schlunder IV, and Fritz-Schlunder V—were used to analyze the biosorption isotherm data of Remazol Black B dye biosorption by Aspergillus flavus and were fitted using non-linear regression. Based on statistical analysis, the Fritz-Schlunder IV was determined to be the best model using root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), bias factor (BF), accuracy factor (AF), corrected AICc (Akaike Information Criterion), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and Hannan-Quinn information criterion (HQC). The calculated Fritz-Schlunder IV parameter, bFS value was found to be 3.812 mg/g (95% confidence interval of 0.312 to 7.311) and qmFS value of 0.0224 (95% confidence interval of -21725.002 to 21725.047).
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Portes, Tomás Aquino. "Earth CO2 dynamics: from CO2 to organic matter and organic matter back to CO2 – an estimate of fluxes." Revista de Biologia Neotropical / Journal of Neotropical Biology 17, no. 1 (May 21, 2020): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rbn.v17i1.59419.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Earth CO2 is constantly changing. During photosynthesis CO2 is assimilated and immobilized in the form of organic matter. In the other way around, under the action of chemical and biochemical processes, the CO2 of the organic matter is released again into the atmosphere. The current concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is about 390 ppm. Based on information from the literature, it is possible to estimate the amount of organic matter produced from the CO2 available in the atmosphere. On the other hand, by incinerating all the plant and animal organic matter on the Earth, it is possible to estimate the amount of CO2 produced and released to the atmosphere. In order to test these hypotheses, mathematical models were developed. By the models it is possible to estimate that if all CO2 in the atmosphere is assimilated via photosynthesis, it would produce 296 Mg.ha-1 of organic matter. On the other hand, by incinerating all vegetable and animal organic matter from the Earth, excluding petroleum, coal and other carbon sources, and considering an average value of 100 Mg.ha-1 the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere would increase by 131.8 ppm. This value added to the existing 390 ppm would raise CO2 concentration to 521.8 ppm. According to the models and results presented, forests may not be as important as carbon accumulators, making the environment conducive to life on Earth, but according to literature they are essential in the formation of rainfalls and maintenance of humidity, especially in areas far from the oceans and seas.
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Christen, J. A., R. S. Clymo, and C. D. Litton. "A Bayesian Approach to the Use of 14C Dates in the Estimation of the Age of Peat." Radiocarbon 37, no. 2 (1995): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200030915.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Peatlands occupy a significant portion of the land surface of the Earth and form a large carbon store. Most peat-forming systems have two layers. The upper layer, the acrotelm, fixes carbon by photosynthesis, loses some of it by decay and passes the remainder on to the lower layer, the catotelm. In the catotelm, decay continues at a slower rate. Mathematical models of the growth of the catotelm have been proposed which relate the cumulative mass of peat above a particular depth to calendar age of the peat at that depth. We demonstrate how 14C dating and the Bayesian approach to data analysis can be used to make inferences about the relation between calendar age and cumulative mass, and to estimate the accumulation and decay rates.
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Ovsyannikov, Yu. "On the unity of the processes of photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation and soil formation." Agrarian Bulletin of the 216, no. 01 (January 30, 2022): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2022-216-01-39-46.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The development of science occurs not only as a result of the accumulation of information about the elementary, specific characteristics of individual phenomena or objects of the world around us, but also as a result of the comprehensive use of the acquired knowledge necessary to understand more complex processes. The purpose was to summarize the results of studies obtained in the study of photosynthesis, soil formation, nitrogen fixation and the formation of new ideas to explain the processes occurring in ecosystems of different levels. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that, based on the analysis of the results of their own research and the work of other authors, it is concluded that photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation and soil formation should be considered within a single system. Results. A block diagram of this system was proposed. The interaction of its individual components was described, which is based on the formation of metabolic flows of organic substances involved in photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation and soil formation. The proposed scheme of interaction of the processes under consideration within a single system will allow, according to the author, to objectively assess and predict the state of individual agroecosystems, biogeocenoses and the biosphere as a whole. The practical significance of the work is that the proposed description of the interaction of photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation and soil formation can be used to justify a new approach to increasing soil fertility based on the activation of excretory functions of plant root systems. The proposed scheme of interaction of the studied processes can be used in the development of mathematical models of behavior of agroecosystems and biogeocenoses of various levels, as well as in the creation of autonomous human habitats. The main research methods are experimental, historical and system analyses, comparisons, simulations, generalizations.
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Dyukarev, E. A., and S. P. Semenov. "Numerical Modeling of Biogeochemical Carbon Cycles in Swamp Ecosystems." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 4(126) (September 9, 2022): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2022)4-16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A dynamic model of biogeochemical carbon cycles in swamp ecosystems is proposed. There are fast and slow biogeochemical cycles. Fast cycles operate in the biosphere and include photosynthesis, vegetative growth, and decomposition. Swamp ecosystems are one of the significant reservoirs of biogeochemical cycles. It is known that huge reserves of carbon in the form of slightly decomposed organic matter are preserved in the swamps. They are active sources of methane and carbon dioxide runoff from the atmosphere.
Mathematical models of dynamic processes in ecology can be divided into two categories: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative models, as a rule, are aimed at solving problems of predicting numerical indicators of the dynamics of real systems. They must be modified to consider specific climatic conditions, special types of swamp vegetation, and hydrological regime for their successful application.
Qualitative models written as systems of differential equations assume the finding of singular points, their classification and study for stability, the construction of phase portraits, etc. Such models rarely lend themselves to quantitative verification, but provide important knowledge and understanding of processes in nature. A qualitative study of the system of ordinary differential equations describing carbon cycles is carried out, the types of singular points are investigated, integral curves and phase portraits are constructed.
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Xu, Hui-Lian, Jianfang Bai, Saneyuki Kawabata, and Tingting Chang. "Applications of Xerophytophysiology and Signal Transduction in Plant Production—Flower Qualities in Eustoma grandiflorum Were Improved by Sub-Irrigation." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021578.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Relatively mild xerophytic or hardening treatments can induce healthy development of plants. In the present study, as one of xerophytophysiological applications, sub-irrigation was applied to a flower plant of Eustoma grandiflorum to confirm whether the sub-irrigation improved flowering quality in addition to plant growth and physiology. As shown by the results, long-term sub-irrigation induced osmotic adjustment, with osmolyte concentration increasing 32.8 osmol m−3 (p ≤ 0.01), improved leaf photosynthetic activities, with more than 10% (p ≤ 0.05) increase in photosynthetic capacity, and promoted plant growth, with a shoot biomass increase by 27.5% (p ≤ 0.01) and a root increase by 50.5% (p ≤ 0.01). These improvements were attributed to turgor maintenance and cell water re-compartmentation into the symplasm, which were both the consequence of osmotic adjustment. The lower osmotic potential and lower relative leaf water potential at incipient plasmolysis suggested that plants in sub-irrigation plots might be more resistant to environmental stresses. Sub-irrigation also improved flower quality shown by increased anthocyanin concentration (16% up, p ≤ 0.01). Flower quality improvement might be attributed to up-regulation of the PAL gene, which could catalyze the synthesis of anthocyanins. PAL gene up-regulation might be associated with a concentration increase in salicylic acid (SA), which was suggested as a plant hormone for signaling. Sub-irrigation also affected the flower opening and closing oscillations with less changed opening size or oscillation amplitude. We adopted mathematical models and thoroughly analyzed dynamic changes in photosynthesis, plant growth, and flower opening oscillations. In conclusion, sub-irrigation was a feasible practice and could be used in E. grandiflorum culture to improve plant growth and flower opening quality.
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Flynn, Kevin J., Darren R. Clark, Aditee Mitra, Heiner Fabian, Per J. Hansen, Patricia M. Glibert, Glen L. Wheeler, Diane K. Stoecker, Jerry C. Blackford, and Colin Brownlee. "Ocean acidification with (de)eutrophication will alter future phytoplankton growth and succession." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1804 (April 7, 2015): 20142604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2604.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human activity causes ocean acidification (OA) though the dissolution of anthropogenically generated CO 2 into seawater, and eutrophication through the addition of inorganic nutrients. Eutrophication increases the phytoplankton biomass that can be supported during a bloom, and the resultant uptake of dissolved inorganic carbon during photosynthesis increases water-column pH (bloom-induced basification). This increased pH can adversely affect plankton growth. With OA, basification commences at a lower pH. Using experimental analyses of the growth of three contrasting phytoplankton under different pH scenarios, coupled with mathematical models describing growth and death as functions of pH and nutrient status, we show how different conditions of pH modify the scope for competitive interactions between phytoplankton species. We then use the models previously configured against experimental data to explore how the commencement of bloom-induced basification at lower pH with OA, and operating against a background of changing patterns in nutrient loads, may modify phytoplankton growth and competition. We conclude that OA and changed nutrient supply into shelf seas with eutrophication or de-eutrophication (the latter owing to pollution control) has clear scope to alter phytoplankton succession, thus affecting future trophic dynamics and impacting both biogeochemical cycling and fisheries.
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Good, Stephen P., I. Rodriguez-Iturbe, and K. K. Caylor. "Analytical expressions of variability in ecosystem structure and function obtained from three-dimensional stochastic vegetation modelling." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 469, no. 2155 (July 8, 2013): 20130003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Whole ecosystem exchange of water, carbon and energy is predominately determined by complex leaf-level processes occurring at individual plants. Interaction between individuals results in a distribution of environmental conditions that drive a variety of nonlinear response functions such as transpiration and photosynthesis. The nonlinearity of biophysical processes requires higher-order statistical descriptions of micro-environment distributions in order to accurately determine the landscape-scale mean functional response. We present a mathematical framework for describing vegetation structure based on the density, dispersion, size distribution and allometry of individuals within a landscape. Using three-dimensional stochastic vegetation modelling, we develop analytic expressions of the second-order statistics of vegetation canopies, namely the mean and variance of leaf area density and leaf area index with height. These expressions also allow for the approximation of the distribution of beam penetration and sunfleck statistics through the canopy as a function of height. Finally, we demonstrate how landscape-scale fluxes are strongly affected by the variability in canopy micro-environments, and how stochastic vegetation modelling improves flux estimates relative to traditional homogeneous canopy models.
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Carreon-Ortiz, Hector, Fevrier Valdez, and Oscar Castillo. "A New Discrete Mycorrhiza Optimization Nature-Inspired Algorithm." Axioms 11, no. 8 (August 9, 2022): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms11080391.
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This paper presents the discrete version of the Mycorrhiza Tree Optimization Algorithm (MTOA), using the Lotka–Volterra Discrete Equation System (LVDES) formed by the Predator–Prey, Cooperative and Competitive Models. The Discrete Mycorrhizal Optimization Algorithm (DMOA) is a stochastic metaheuristic that integrates randomness in its search processes. These algorithms are inspired by nature, specifically by the symbiosis between plant roots and a fungal network called the Mycorrhizal Network (MN). The communication in the network is performed using chemical signals of environmental conditions and hazards, the exchange of resources, such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2) that plants perform through photosynthesis to the MN and to other seedlings or growing plants. The MN provides water (H2O) and nutrients to plants that may or may not be of the same species; therefore, the colonization of plants in arid lands would not have been possible without the MN. In this work, we performed a comparison with the CEC-2013 mathematical functions between MTOA and DMOA by conducting Hypothesis Tests to obtain the efficiency and performance of the algorithms, but in future research we will also propose optimization experiments in Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems to verify with which methods these algorithms perform better.
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Hammer, Astrid C., and Jonathan W. Pitchford. "The role of mixotrophy in plankton bloom dynamics, and the consequences for productivity." ICES Journal of Marine Science 62, no. 5 (January 1, 2005): 833–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.03.001.
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Abstract Mixotrophy (=heterotrophy and photosynthesis by a single individual) is a common phenomenon in aquatic ecosystems, in particular under light- or nutrient-limitation. However, it is not usually considered in mathematical models of biological populations. This paper shows how different types of mixotrophy might be usefully incorporated into a general predator–prey model, and explores the consequences for plankton bloom dynamics and productivity. It is demonstrated, analytically and numerically, that even small levels of type III mixotrophy (a small fraction of the zooplankton also being involved in primary production) have significant effects on a system's equilibrium structure, stability, and short-term dynamics. Type III mixotrophy has a stabilizing effect on the system by reducing its excitability, i.e. its propensity to exhibit blooms. Compared with the non-mixotrophic benchmark, for a phytoplankton bloom to be triggered in a system with type III mixotrophy, a much larger perturbation is necessary. Type II mixotrophy (a small fraction of algae engage in phagotrophy) and type I mixotrophy (equal phagotrophy and phototrophy) are briefly discussed. The potential consequences for productivity are also studied. Our results indicate that the phytoplankton–zooplankton system becomes more productive in the presence of type III mixotrophy.
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Suhina, O., S. Shults, V. Tkach, N. Popadynets, and O. Kamushkov. "Methodology of evaluating economic losses resulting from partial loss of the air ecosystem’s assimilative capacity." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 28, no. 1 (April 21, 2019): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111920.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays the ecosystem approach is widely applied in many countries globally to evaluate economic losses from pollution of the natural environment. In Ukraine, it is reasonable to develop both the methodology of evaluation of economic losses from pollution of the natural environment and the methodology of calculation of correlating coefficients of ecosystems’ assimilative properties for differentiation of the volumes of repayment of economic losses from pollution of nature. The following methods were used in the research: economic and mathematical modeling – for formalization of the evaluation of economic losses from partial loss of the air ecosystem’s assimilative capacity; synthesis and analysis, system approach – for analysis of existing mathematical models, evaluation of economic losses from air pollution and forming of institutional environment of calculation of economic losses from partial loss of the air ecosystem’s assimilative capacity; inductive – for making conclusions over the best methodological approach to be used for calculation of oxygen production costs. The condition of the institutional environment is analyzed, including the regulatory and organizational maintenance of evaluation of economic losses from air pollution. The paper proves that the existing relevant institutional environment is partially coordinated with international formal rules and organizational structures, which evaluate such economic losses; however, their further efficient evaluation requires timely transformation based on the ecosystem approach to EU directives. The recommendations regarding the institutionalization of the process of ecosystem calculation of caused and prevented losses from the partial loss of the air ecosystem’s assimilative capacity are suggested: application of 2008/50/EU Directive of European Parliament and Council as of May 21, 2008 on Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe; review of the amounts of harmful substances TLV in the air; the need to take into account certain factors while calculating economic losses from air pollution (including the calculation of damage to life and health of each person due to air pollution), approval of the documents already developed and adopted but suspended by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, etc. New methodological approaches to alternative evaluation of economic losses from partial loss of the air ecosystem’s assimilative capacity as opposed to the current one are suggested, including methodological approaches to calculation of the oxygen and nitrogen production costs on the basis of the carbon offsets realization; methodological approaches to calculation of the oxygen production costs based on installation of artificial photosynthesis; methodological approaches to calculation of the oxygen production costs based on natural photosynthesis – planting and conservation of forests; methodological approaches to calculation of the oxygen and nitrogen “production” costs in metallurgical production; methodological approaches to calculation of prevented economic losses from partial loss of the air ecosystem’s assimilative capacity, which are manifested in the long run or those of indirect nature.
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Lelekov, A. S., and R. P. Trenkenshu. "Modeling Of Chlorophyll a Content in Microalgae Cultures." Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics 15, no. 2 (September 23, 2020): 158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17537/2020.15.158.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The work focuses on mathematical modeling of light influence mechanisms on chlorophyll a content in microalgae biomass. The well-known qualitative models are based on concepts of synthesis and photodestructive oxidation of chlorophyll a, however the later for some microalgae species seems doubtful. We proposed an alternative approach to modeling the light-dependent chlorophyll a content in microalgae biomass. The basic model is based on generally accepted two-stage photoautotrophic growth of microalgae. At the first stage, during photosynthesis a reserve part of biomass is formed, from which the biosynthesis of cell structures occurs at the second stage. Three partial solutions of the basic system of equations describing the dependence of chlorophyll a content on the external light intensity are considered for various limiting conditions. Due to the equality of specific growth rates of formation of reserve and structural forms of biomass, the equations obtained can be used only for turbidostat cultures. Verification of the obtained equations for Arthrospira platensis allows us to estimate kinetic coefficients, the values of which are generally in good agreement with theoretically calculated ones. For approximate calculations, a simple equation is proposed that shows a good agreement with experimental data for Tetraselmis viridis (R2 = 0.98), Dunaliella tertiolecta (R2 = 0.92) and describes the results for Sceletonema costatum and Chlorella vulgaris (R2 = 0.8) quite well. Chlorophyll a refers to structural forms of biomass. The proportion of chlorophyll a in the structural biomass is about 2.5–3.5 %, it is a species-specific parameter.
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Abakumov, A. I., and S. Ya Pak. "Two Approaches to Modeling Phytoplankton Biomass Dynamics Based on the Droop Model." Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics 17, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 401–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17537/2022.17.401.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work continues the study of the Droop model based on the concept of cell quota. Description of the photosynthetic processes in phytoplankton includes in the model structure. The concept of chlorophyll quota is used. It is the proportion of photosynthetic substances in plant cells. In addition to the chlorophyll quota, the photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton is determined by external conditions, primarily by the level of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The model is based on separating the dependence of phytoplankton reproduction on external conditions according to the stages of photosynthesis. The light stage is largely determined by the PAR, and the dark stage is limited by the nutrient resource under the controlling influence of the temperature of the aquatic environment. In order to develop the model, the storage of energy in the light stage of photosynthesis is described in detail. Energy is stored in the form of energy-intensive substances in macroergic molecules (macroergs). The most common cell macroerg is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The proportion of ATP in phytoplankton varies depending on the light regime and on the energy amount stored in the dark stage. The model includes the Droop kinetics and equations for the dynamics of the chlorophyll quota and the ATP pool. The conditions for the existence and stability of equilibrium solutions are compared for the same values of parameters common to both models. The greatest influence on the dynamic modes of the minimum value of the cell quota has been established. The proportion of biomass associated with the light period of photosynthesis is also significant. For the first model that is the biomass produced during daylight hours. And in terms of the second model, it is the biomass formed due to the energy of ATP stored in the light phase. The influence of the structure of dynamic models on the daily and annual dynamics of phytoplankton was revealed. Scenarios of behavior of models under various lighting conditions, including constant and periodically changing lighting, have been studied.
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Mielke, Marcelo Schramm, Alex-Alan Furtado de Almeida, and Fábio Pinto Gomes. "Photosynthetic traits of five neotropical rainforest tree species: interactions between light response curves and leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48, no. 5 (September 2005): 815–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132005000600018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Measurements of leaf gas exchange at different photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) levels were conducted in order to compare the photosynthetic traits of five neotropical rainforest tree species, with a special emphasis on empirical mathematical models to estimate the light response curve parameters incorporating the effects of leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit (D) on the saturated photosynthetic rate (Amax). All empirical mathematical models seemed to provide a good estimation of the light response parameters. Comparisons of the leaf photosynthetic traits between different species needed to select an appropriate model and indicated the microenvironmental conditions when the data were collected. When the vapour pressure deficit inside the chamber was not controlled, the incorporation of linear or exponencial functions that explained the effects of D on leaf gas exchange, was a very good method to enhance the performance of the models.
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Igamberdiev, Abir U. "Special issue: Computational models in photosynthesis." Biosystems 103, no. 2 (February 2011): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2010.11.008.
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Babenko, Yevheniia. "Methodological Fundamentals of Information System Design in Crop Production." Cybernetics and Computer Technologies, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/2707-451x.22.2.10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The creation of new technologies for precision agriculture is intended to increase productivity, labor efficiency and improve production processes. According to the World Food Program (WFP), 811 million people are chronically hungry, 283 million are in a state of starvation or close to starvation. An estimated 45 million more in 43 countries around the world are on the brink of starvation. Today's conditions require agriculture to feed a planet with an ever-growing population, minimize costs, and develop technologies that do not pollute the planet. Therefore, modeling of biological objects, research and design of intelligent systems for agriculture are of great interest to scientists around the world today. The purpose of the paper is development of the main approaches to building a full-scale experiment from the point of view of planning methodology, data processing, and model selection. The methodical basics, principles and practical component of planning an experiment in crop production are disclosed. The results of the development of the automatic decision-making system and the basic mathematical models for the construction of the information system are presented. Results. The basis of the study of the plant organism is a natural experiment. Field experiments in crop production are difficult to reproduce and face a number of difficulties related to the accuracy of the research methods used, which consist in the reliability and accuracy of the measurement results. For the first time, a multi-level information system for monitoring the condition and needs of plants, which contains a wireless sensor network, an ontologically controlled node, a global database, a knowledge base, an explanatory module, a control module, a computer, and a human-machine interface, which allows taking management decisions, was used for the research. decision. Our algorithm system is able to take into account the variability of changes in a multivariate environment. An information system where the chlorophyll fluorescence induction parameter, induction, measured in real time, acts as a control module. This is a promising way of adjusting irrigation regimes, monitoring the condition of plants and caring for perennial plantations. Conclusions. An important part of this work is the study of the effect of induction of chlorophyll fluorescence and the study of the methodology of research on photosynthesis. This effect is very sensitive to many changes in the plant. This is an advantage of the method and is a requirement for the research methodology or the specifics of its conduct. The study of plant objects faces a number of difficulties. Of special interest is the composition of the soil and the influence of soil characteristics on the growth and development of plants, for the creation of profile soil maps. Due to the fact that the plant object is not only a collection of individual systems inside the organism, but is also exposed to the constant influence of external factors of the environment, climate and soil, which must be taken into account when creating new information systems, the purpose of which is to increase productivity. Keywords: wireless sensor network, methodology, biosensors, information system, mathematical model, agriculture, plant physiology.
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Riznichenko, G. Yu, and A. B. Rubin. "Mathematical Modeling in Biology: Part 2. Models of Protein Interaction Processes in a Photosynthetic Membrane." Biology Bulletin Reviews 11, no. 2 (March 2021): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2079086421020080.
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McMURTRIE, R. E., and Y. P. WANG. "Mathematical models of the photosynthetic response of tree stands to rising CO2 concentrations and temperatures." Plant, Cell and Environment 16, no. 1 (January 1993): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1993.tb00839.x.
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Tiersch, Markus, Sandu Popescu, and Hans J. Briegel. "A critical view on transport and entanglement in models of photosynthesis." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1972 (August 13, 2012): 3771–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0202.
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We revisit critically the recent claims, inspired by quantum optics and quantum information, that there is entanglement in the biological pigment–protein complexes, and that it is responsible for the high transport efficiency. While unexpectedly long coherence times were experimentally demonstrated, the existence of entanglement is, at the moment, a purely theoretical conjecture; it is this conjecture that we analyse. As demonstrated by a toy model, a similar transport phenomenology can be obtained without generating entanglement. Furthermore, we also argue that, even if entanglement does exist, it is purely incidental and seems to play no essential role for the transport efficiency. We emphasize that our paper is not a proof that entanglement does not exist in light-harvesting complexes—this would require a knowledge of the system and its parameters well beyond the state of the art. Rather, we present a counter-example to the recent claims of entanglement, showing that the arguments, as they stand at the moment, are not sufficiently justified and hence cannot be taken as a proof for the existence of entanglement, let alone of its essential role, in the excitation transport.
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Liu, Qiang, Lihu Dong, and Fengri Li. "Modification of a photosynthetic light-response (PLR) model for modeling the vertical gradient in the response of crown PLR curves." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49, no. 8 (August 2019): 949–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0438.
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The photosynthetic light-response (PLR) curve is a mathematical description of a single biochemical process that has been widely applied in many ecophysiological models. For trees, the heterogeneity of PLR curves within the crown is significant but rarely modeled by mathematical techniques. This paper establishes a modified model for estimating crown PLR curves based on PLR functions by linking the parameters of the PLR functions to leaf nitrogen (N), specific leaf area (SLA), and relative depth into the crown (RDINC). The modified models were assessed by considering the goodness of fit (adjusted coefficient of determination, [Formula: see text]; root mean square error, RMSE; and Akaike information criterion, AIC) and model structure. Significant correlations were observed between the parameters of PLR functions and N, SLA, and RDINC. The optimal modified PLR model, by linking RDINC into a modified Mitscherlich function, fit well due to its simple and easily understood structure. Therefore, it is feasible to simultaneously estimate the multilayered and varied PLR curves of the tree crown.
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Kürüm, Esra, Runze Li, Yang Wang, and Damla Şentürk. "Nonlinear Varying-Coefficient Models with Applications to a Photosynthesis Study." Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics 19, no. 1 (September 18, 2013): 57–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13253-013-0157-7.
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Zagoruiko, M. G., I. A. Bashmakov, and D. A. Rybalkin. "Research of the Interaction of Sprinkling Machine Propellers with the Support Environment." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2022-1-17-20.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The analysis of the existing mathematical models of the options for the operation of sprinkling machines on pneumatic wheel supports shows the unconditional promising of their use to create optimal conditions for photosynthetic and symbiotic soybean apparatus, as well as to increase yields. The expediency of design surveys has been proven when improving the design of pneumatic wheels to ensure equality of transporting capabilities and minimize slipping of the driving wheels is proved, which, in turn, will reduce the level of damage and have a positive effect on the germination of soybean seeds.
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Juretić, Davor, and Paško Županović. "Photosynthetic models with maximum entropy production in irreversible charge transfer steps." Computational Biology and Chemistry 27, no. 6 (December 2003): 541–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2003.09.001.
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Anderson, T. R., W. C. Gentleman, and A. Yool. "EMPOWER-1.0: an Efficient Model of Planktonic ecOsystems WrittEn in R." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 8, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 53–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-53-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Modelling marine ecosystems requires insight and judgement when it comes to deciding upon appropriate model structure, equations and parameterisation. Many processes are relatively poorly understood and tough decisions must be made as to how to mathematically simplify the real world. Here, we present an efficient plankton modelling testbed, EMPOWER-1.0, coded in the freely available language R. The testbed uses simple two-layer "slab" physics whereby a seasonally varying mixed layer which contains the planktonic marine ecosystem is positioned above a deep layer that contains only nutrient. As such, EMPOWER-1.0 provides a readily available and easy to use tool for evaluating model structure, formulations and parameterisation. The code is transparent and modular such that modifications and changes to model formulation are easily implemented allowing users to investigate and familiarise themselves with the inner workings of their models. It can be used either for preliminary model testing to set the stage for further work, e.g., coupling the ecosystem model to 1-D or 3-D physics, or for undertaking front line research in its own right. EMPOWER-1.0 also serves as an ideal teaching tool. In order to demonstrate the utility of EMPOWER-1.0, we carried out both a parameter tuning exercise and structural sensitivity analysis. Parameter tuning was demonstrated for four contrasting ocean sites, focusing on Station India in the North Atlantic (60° N, 20° W), highlighting both the utility of undertaking a planned sensitivity analysis for this purpose, yet also the subjectivity which nevertheless surrounds the choice of which parameters to tune. Structural sensitivity tests were then performed comparing different equations for calculating daily depth-integrated photosynthesis, as well as mortality terms for both phytoplankton and zooplankton. Regarding the calculation of daily photosynthesis, for example, results indicated that the model was relatively insensitive to the choice of photosynthesis–irradiance curve, but markedly sensitive to the method of calculating light attenuation in the water column. The work highlights the utility of EMPOWER1.0, and simple models in general, as a means of comprehending, diagnosing and formulating equations for the dynamics of marine ecosystems.
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Rotskoff, Grant M., and Phillip L. Geissler. "Robust nonequilibrium pathways to microcompartment assembly." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 25 (June 4, 2018): 6341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802499115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cyanobacteria sequester photosynthetic enzymes into microcompartments which facilitate the conversion of carbon dioxide into sugars. Geometric similarities between these structures and self-assembling viral capsids have inspired models that posit microcompartments as stable equilibrium arrangements of the constituent proteins. Here we describe a different mechanism for microcompartment assembly, one that is fundamentally nonequilibrium and yet highly reliable. This pathway is revealed by simulations of a molecular model resolving the size and shape of a cargo droplet and the extent and topography of an elastic shell. The resulting metastable microcompartment structures closely resemble those of carboxysomes, with a narrow size distribution and faceted shells. The essence of their assembly dynamics can be understood from a simpler mathematical model that combines elements of classical nucleation theory with continuum elasticity. These results highlight important control variables for achieving nanoscale encapsulation in general and for modulating the size and shape of carboxysomes in particular.
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Vasilyuk, O. M. "Рослини роду Robinia як індикатор оптимізуючої дії зоогенного механізму екосистемних сервісів в умовах урбоекосистем". Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7, № 1 (31 березня 2017): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/20170.11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>The species diversity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (in experimental and control areas) in Dnipro, the large industrial city in the Steppe Dnieper region had been investigated. The scientific experiment was performed on the territory of a natural park “Druzhba” (control), artificial garden “Kirilivka” (experiment) and the industrial area of the Dnepropetrovsk Wagon Train Plant, WTP (experiment). The optimizing and protective effects of animal environmental component for the growth and development of wood crops (for example <em>Robinia </em>genus plant object which dominates in study area) by morphometric parameters of the leaf blade (length, width, area, and weight) as a part of the photosynthetic apparatus (in experimental and control objects) had been discovered. The mathematical models of a variation of these morphometric characteristics depending on environmental conditions have been constructed towards control.<em></em></p>
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Kondratieva, N. P., D. A. Filatov, P. V. Terentiev, and A. S. Al-Helu. "Comparative Assessment of Sodium and LED Greenhouse Irradiators Main Characteristics." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 14, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2020-14-1-50-54.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The authors showed that traditional sodium greenhouse irradiators are being replaced by more efficient LED ones. (Research purpose) To conduct a comparative assessment of the main characteristics of sodium and LED greenhouse irradiators with an equal photosynthetic photon flux. (Materials and methods) The authors collected a database of 79 sodium irradiators (34 irradiators with electronic ballasts and 45 – with electromagnetic) and 118 – LED. A comparative assessment was carried out in two stages. At the first stage mathematical models of the power, mass, area and cost of irradiation facilities dependence on the photosynthetic photon flux generated by them were obtained. At the second stage the system of equations of sodium and LED greenhouse irradiators for each characteristic were solved. (Results and discussion) The consumed active power of LED irradiators is on average 33 percent less compared to sodium. The area of LED illuminators is 2.5 times larger than sodium irradiators with electronic ballast and 44 percent more than sodium irradiators with electromagnetic ballast. The LED irradiators mass is 3.5 times more than sodium with electronic ballast and 20 percent more than sodium with electromagnetic ballast. The cost of LED illuminators is 3.5 and 4.3 times higher. (Conclusions) LED irradiators are more energy efficient compared to sodium ones. However, due to the high cost, their implementation requires a feasibility study, including additional evaluation criteria: service life, operating costs, electricity price and others.
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Calatayud, Julia, Juan Carlos Cortés, and Marc Jornet. "Improvement of random coefficient differential models of growth of anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria by combining Bayesian inference and gPC." Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 43, no. 14 (March 3, 2019): 7885–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.5546.
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VENEGAS-ANDRACA, SALVADOR ELÍAS. "Introduction to special issue: Physics and computer science – quantum computation and other approaches." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 20, no. 6 (November 8, 2010): 995–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129510000423.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Computer science and computer engineering are disciplines that have very definitely permeated and transformed every aspect of modern society. In these fields, cutting-edge research is about new models of computation, new materials and techniques for building computer hardware and novel methods for speeding-up algorithms. But it is also about building bridges between computer science and various other scientific fields, bridges that allow scientists to both think of natural phenomena as computational procedures and to employ novel models of computation to simulate natural processes (for example, quantum walks have been used to model energy transport in photosynthetic light harvesting complexes (Hoyer et al. 2010; Caruso et al. 2010)). A convergence of scientific, technological, economic and epistemological demands is driving and integrating this research.