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Статті в журналах з теми "Photoresponsiveness"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

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1

Puchalski, W., and G. R. Lynch. "Circadian characteristics of Djungarian hamsters: effects of photoperiodic pretreatment and artificial selection." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 261, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): R670—R676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.3.r670.

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Bidirectional artificial selection for (High Line) and against (Low Line) photoresponsiveness altered the percent of photoresponsive hamsters within lines and affected circadian function of hamsters identical in photoresponsiveness. For example, free-running period was shorter in responsive relative to nonresponsive hamsters. Between-line differences for responders and nonresponders were also found: hamsters from the High Line had a shorter free-running period relative to Low Line hamsters. However, phase angle of entrainment to long and short days was not affected. In general, expression of circadian rhythmicity was extraordinarily inflexible in photononresponsive hamsters from both lines: 1) phase angle of entrainment to lights on was similar under short and long day; 2) activity duration was similar under long and short days, although some decompression occurred in constant dark; 3) aftereffects on the free-running period were absent; and 4) amplitude of the phase-response curve was small (+/- 1 h) and present only at circadian times 10-24. We propose that selection for or against photoresponsiveness may have affected the interaction of component oscillators underlying circadian rhythmicity.

2

Park, Junsu, Yuki Shimizu, Xin Zhou, Ryohei Ikura, Go Matsuba, and Yoshinori Takashima. "Water-Content-Dependent Switching of the Bending Behavior of Photoresponsive Hydrogels Composed of Hydrophilic Acrylamide-Based Main Chains and Hydrophobic Azobenzene." Gels 9, no. 8 (August 16, 2023): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9080658.

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Photoresponsiveness is a promising characteristic of stimulus-responsive materials. Photoresponsiveness can be achieved by incorporating photoresponsive molecules into polymeric materials. In addition, multiple-stimuli-responsive materials have attracted scientists’ interest. Among the numerous multiple-stimuli-responsive materials, moisture- and photoresponsive materials are the focus of this report. These stimuli-responsive materials responded to the stimuli synergistically or orthogonally. Unlike most stimulus-responsive materials utilizing moisture and light as stimuli, the materials studied herein switch their photoresponsiveness in the presence of moisture. Appropriate copolymers consisting of hydrophilic acrylamide-based monomers for the main chain and hydrophobic azobenzene moieties switched their bending behaviors at 6–9 wt% water contents. At water contents lower than 6 wt%, the polymeric materials bent away from the light source, while they bent toward the light source at water contents higher than 10 wt%. At a low water content, the bending behaviors can be described on the molecular scale. At a high water content, the bending behavior requires consideration of the phase scale, not only the molecular scale. By controlling the balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, the switching behavior was achieved. This switching behavior may inspire additional strategies for the application of polymeric material as actuators.

3

Nishida, Jun-ichi, Yoshiki Morikawa, Akito Hashimoto, Yasuyuki Kita, Hiroshi Nishimoto, Tomofumi Kadoya, Hiroyasu Sato, and Takeshi Kawase. "Synthesis and electron-transport properties of N-trifluoromethylphenyl-phthalimides containing selenophene substituents." Materials Advances 2, no. 24 (2021): 7861–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ma00716e.

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Trifluoromethylphenyl substituted phthalimides containing oligoselenophene or phenylselenophene substituents were synthesized, and their n-type semiconductor properties and photoresponsiveness were investigated.

4

Tazuke, Shigeo, Seiji Kurihara, Hideki Yamaguchi, and Tomiki Ikeda. "Photochemically triggered physical amplification of photoresponsiveness." Journal of Physical Chemistry 91, no. 2 (January 1987): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100286a001.

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5

Miller, Joel S., and Arthur J. Epstein. "Molecule-Based Magnets—An Overview." MRS Bulletin 25, no. 11 (November 2000): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2000.221.

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Molecule-based magnets are a broad, emerging class of magnetic materials that expand the materials properties typically associated with magnets to include low density, transparency, electrical insulation, and low-temperature fabrication, as well as combine magnetic ordering with other properties such as photoresponsiveness. Essentially all of the common magnetic phenomena associated with conventional transition-metal and rare-earth-based magnets can be found in molecule-based magnets. Although discovered less than two decades ago, magnets with ordering temperatures exceeding room temperature, very high (∼27.0 kOe or 2.16 MA/m) and very low (several Oe or less) coercivities, and substantial remanent and saturation magnetizations have been achieved. In addition, exotic phenomena including photoresponsiveness have been reported. The advent of molecule-based magnets offers new processing opportunities. For example, thin-film magnets can be prepared by means of low-temperature chemical vapor deposition and electrodeposition methods.

6

Francisco, Nicole R., Christen M. Raymond, and Paul D. Heideman. "Short photoperiod inhibition of growth in body mass and reproduction in ACI, BUF, and PVG inbred rats." Reproduction 128, no. 6 (December 2004): 857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00390.

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Laboratory rats have been generally considered non-photoresponsive, but strains of laboratory rats have been found to be variable for this trait. Young males of both the Fischer (F344) and Brown Norway strains (BN) suppress reproductive development, food intake and body mass in short winter photoperiod (short days (SD); 8 h light:16 h darkness), and food restriction interacts with SD to enhance the effect of SD alone. Conversely, young male Harlan Sprague Dawley outbred rats, along with other outbred laboratory rats tested, have little or no response to SD except when unmasked by food restriction or other treatments, and have generally been considered nonphotoperiodic. In order to assess how widespread this trait might be among rat strains, and to test for uncoupling of reproductive and nonreproductive responses, we tested 3 additional inbred strains, including ACI, PVG and BUF rats, for photoresponsiveness and for unmasking of photoperiodic responses by food restriction. Young males of all three inbred strains exhibited photoresponsiveness in testis mass (5–20% lower in SD), seminal vesicle mass (20–50% lower in SD), and body mass (5–10% lower in SD). Food restriction also suppressed reproduction, but there was little or no interaction with the effects of photoperiod. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that laboratory rats are genetically variable for photoperiodism, and that photoresponsiveness may be widespread among inbred rat strains, as all five inbred strains tested have shown photoperiodic responses. The results are particularly important because standard research protocols may unknowingly manipulate this pathway in rats, causing unsuspected variability among or within studies.

7

Desjardins, Claude, F. H. Bronson, and James L. Blank. "Genetic selection for reproductive photoresponsiveness in deer mice." Nature 322, no. 6075 (July 1986): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/322172a0.

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8

Singh, Kehar, and A. K. Shukla. "Studies on electrosynthesis and photoresponsiveness of (ZnCd)Se." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 30, no. 2 (July 1993): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-0248(93)90018-x.

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9

Heideman, Paul D., and C. John Sylvester. "Reproductive Photoresponsiveness in Unmanipulated Male Fischer 344 Laboratory Rats1." Biology of Reproduction 57, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod57.1.134.

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10

Medger, K., C. T. Chimimba, and N. C. Bennett. "Reproductive photoresponsiveness in male spiny mice from South Africa." Journal of Zoology 286, no. 4 (November 1, 2011): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00872.x.

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11

Ciardelli, Francesco, Osvaldo Pieroni, Adriano Fissi, Angelina Altomare, Roberto Solaro, and Nicola Tirelli. "Photochromic polymers: effects of structure and environment on photoresponsiveness." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 6, no. 1 (January 1995): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1995.220060105.

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12

Lynch, G. Robert, Carol B. Lynch, and Richard M. Kliman. "Genetic analyses of photoresponsiveness in the Djungarian hamster,Phodopus sungorus." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 164, no. 4 (1989): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00610441.

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13

Kerbeshian, M. C., F. H. Bronson, and E. D. Bellis. "Variation in Reproductive Photoresponsiveness in a Wild Population of Meadow Voles1." Biology of Reproduction 50, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod50.4.745.

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14

Kerbeshian, M. C., and F. H. Bronson. "Correlation between reproductive photoresponsiveness and photoregulated locomotor activity in meadow voles." Physiology & Behavior 54, no. 1 (July 1993): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(93)90046-i.

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15

Yang, Bin, and Vittorio Luca. "Enhanced long-wavelength transient photoresponsiveness of WO3 induced by tellurium doping." Chemical Communications, no. 37 (2008): 4454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b807629d.

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16

Tong, Hui, Yongqiang Dong, Matthias Häußler, Zhen Li, Baoxiu Mi, Hoi Sing Kwok, and Ben Zhong Tang. "Novel Linear and Cyclic Polyenes with Dramatic Aggregation-Induced Enhancements in Photoresponsiveness." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 446, no. 1 (April 2006): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421400500374567.

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17

Chen, Zhiqiao, Lei Zhang, Kun Xu, and Fengxi Yu. "Pyridyl anchor-assisted photoresponsiveness of 4-(4-diethylaminophenylazo)pyridine on TiO2 surface." Journal of Molecular Structure 1205 (April 2020): 127596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127596.

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18

Jacklet, J. W. "Photoresponsiveness of Aplysia Eye is Modulated by the Ocular Circadian Pacemaker and Serotonin." Biological Bulletin 180, no. 2 (April 1991): 284–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1542399.

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19

Muteka, S. P., C. T. Chimimba, and N. C. Bennett. "Reproductive photoresponsiveness in Aethomys ineptus and A. namaquensis (Rodentia: Muridae) from southern Africa." Journal of Zoology 268, no. 3 (March 2006): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2005.00022.x.

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20

Hegstrom, Carol D., and S. Marc Breedlove. "Social Cues Attenuate Photoresponsiveness of the Male Reproductive System in Siberian Hamsters (Phodopus sungorus)." Journal of Biological Rhythms 14, no. 1 (February 1999): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074873099129000443.

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21

Qiu, Xirong, Xiaowei Yan, Zhimin Wang, Cuimin Zhang, Leyi Sun, Shengxin Bai, Zhimin Liu, and Anhou Xu. "Preparation of Photoresponsive Nanosilica Powder." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2468, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2468/1/012030.

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Abstract In order to obtain photoresponsive silicon dioxide nanopowders, fluoropolymer/SiO2 composite microspheres were prepared with a thiol-terminated fluoropolymer and with SiO2 microspheres grafted by acrylate via the thiol-ene click reaction; then, photoresponsive SiO2 nanopowders were synthesized by grafting azobenzene monomers on the surface of the SiO2 composite microspheres by esterification. The fluoropolymer and SiO2 composite microspheres were characterized via proton nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, contact angle tests, dynamic light scattering, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The surface of the coating prepared using SiO2 nanopowders exhibited a high contact angle up to 130.9°. When the surface was irradiated with UV light, the contact angle decreased to 104.1°. Reversible changes in the surface wettability could be realized under the alternate irradiation of ultraviolet and visible light, thus achieving excellent photoresponsiveness.

22

Siopes, TD, and JA Proudman. "Photoresponsiveness of turkey breeder hens changes during the egg-laying season: relative and absolute photorefractoriness." Poultry Science 82, no. 6 (June 2003): 1042–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.6.1042.

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23

Georgiev, Anton, Deyan Dimov, Ani Stoilova, Filipa Markova, and Dimana Nazarova. "Vapour deposited nanocomposite films of perylene bis azo-imides with improved photoresponsiveness by visible light." Optical Materials 89 (March 2019): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2018.12.050.

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24

Refinetti, Roberto. "Enhanced circadian photoresponsiveness after prolonged dark adaptation in seven species of diurnal and nocturnal rodents." Physiology & Behavior 90, no. 2-3 (February 2007): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.10.004.

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25

Xu, Kun, and Lei Zhang. "Synergistic interactions between N3 dye and perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 for aqueous-based photoresponsiveness under visible light." Dyes and Pigments 173 (February 2020): 107925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.107925.

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26

Busso, J. M., M. F. Dominchin, R. H. Marin, and R. Palme. "Cloacal gland, endocrine testicular, and adrenocortical photoresponsiveness in male Japanese quail exposed to short days." Domestic Animal Endocrinology 44, no. 3 (April 2013): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.01.001.

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27

Sogawa, Hiromitsu, Masashi Shiotsuki, Hideki Matsuoka, and Fumio Sanda. "Synthesis, Chiroptical Properties, and Photoresponsiveness of Optically Active Poly(m-phenyleneethynylene)s Containing Azobenzene Moieties." Macromolecules 44, no. 9 (May 10, 2011): 3338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma200281e.

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28

Sgarbossa, Antonella, Sabina Lucia, Francesco Lenci, Domenico Gioffré, Francesco Ghetti, and Giovanni Checcucci. "Effects of UV-B irradiation on motility and photoresponsiveness of the coloured ciliate Blepharisma japonicum." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 27, no. 3 (March 1995): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1011-1344(94)07070-5.

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29

Zhang, Qingsong, Yunlong Sun, Haijing Li, Kun Tang, Yu-Wu Zhong, Dong Wang, Yunlong Guo, and Yunqi Liu. "Synthesis of Two-Dimensional C–C Bonded Truxene-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks by Irreversible Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Cyclotrimerization." Research 2021 (September 3, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9790705.

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The synthesis of new C–C bonded two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is highly desirable. Here, a simple but effective synthetic strategy has been developed using an irreversible Brønsted acid-catalyzed aldol cyclotrimerization reaction by virtue of truxene as a linkage. Nonolefin C–C bonded 2D truxene-based covalent organic frameworks (Tru-COFs) were constructed by polymerization of 1,3,5-triindanonebenzene (TDB). The structure formation was confirmed by wide-angle X-ray scattering, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR. The results showed that the Tru-COFs were porous (645 m2/g) and chemically stable. Benzyl methylene in conjugated Tru-COFs more effectively produced photoinduced radicals than the model truxene compound. Due to the radical photoresponsiveness, Tru-COFs were efficient catalysts for photocatalytic oxidation of sulfides. We expect that this will provide a new synthetic methodology to obtain C–C bonded functional 2D COFs.

30

Lorincz, Annaka M., M. Benjamin Shoemaker, and Paul D. Heideman. "Genetic variation in photoperiodism among naturally photoperiodic rat strains." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 281, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): R1817—R1824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.6.r1817.

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Rattus norvegicus has been considered nonphotoperiodic, but Fischer 344 (F344) rats are inhibited in growth and reproductive development by short photoperiod (SD). We tested photoresponsiveness of the genetically divergent Brown Norway (BN) strain of rats. Peripubertal males were tested in long photoperiod or SD, with or without 30% food reduction. Young males were photoresponsive, with reductions in testis size, body mass, and food intake in SD and with enhanced responses to SD when food restricted. Photoperiods ≤11 h of light inhibited reproductive maturation and somatic growth, whereas photoperiods of 12 h or more produced little or no response. F344/BN hybrids differ from both parent strains in the timing, amplitude, and critical photoperiod of photoperiodic responses, indicating genetic differences in photoperiodism between these strains. This is consistent with the hypothesis that ancestors of laboratory rats were genetically variable for photoperiodism and that different combinations of alleles for photoperiodism have been fixed in different strains of rats.

31

Grigucevičienė, Asta, Putinas Kalinauskas, Laurynas Staišiūnas, Konstantinas Leinartas, Algirdas Selskis, and Eimutis Juzeliūnas. "Photoelectrochemical Deposition of Silicon–Carbon Layer on P-Type Semiconductors and Aluminum–Copper Alloy in Ionic Liquid." Coatings 13, no. 7 (June 27, 2023): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13071159.

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Electrochemical deposition of silicon at room temperature is problematic due to the intrinsically low conductivity of the deposits. This study reports the photoelectrochemical (PEC) deposition of silicon (Si) and silicon–carbon (Si–C) layers from an ionic liquid at 40 °C using silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) as a silicon precursor. Amorphous layers are deposited on p-type silicon (p-Si), p-type gallium arsenide (p-GaAs), and aluminum–copper alloy AA2024. The semiconductor substrates are activated by white LED illumination, which generates photoelectrons, thereby making the substrate conductive with respect to the cathodic reaction. The photoresponsiveness of the deposits is proven by the light-induced photocurrents on an optically inactive substrate made of the alloy AA 2024. The proposed method paves the way for the electrochemical modification of semiconductors and metals with Si and Si–C structures, which are applicable in various fields, such as batteries, anti-corrosion coatings, photovoltaics, or PEC electrodes for hydrogen production.

32

Agarwal, Mohit, Alexander Zika, Ralf Schweins, and Franziska Gröhn. "Controlling the Morphology in Electrostatic Self-Assembly via Light." Polymers 16, no. 1 (December 22, 2023): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16010050.

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Electrostatic self-assembly of macroions is an emerging area with great potential in the development of nanoscale functional objects, where photo-irradiation responsiveness can either elevate or suppress the self-assembly. The ability to control the size and shape of macroion assemblies would greatly facilitate the fabrication of desired nano-objects that can be harnessed in various applications such as catalysis, drug delivery, bio-sensors, and actuators. Here, we demonstrate that a polyelectrolyte with a size of 5 nm and multivalent counterions with a size of 1 nm can produce well-defined nanostructures ranging in size from 10–1000 nm in an aqueous environment by utilizing the concept of electrostatic self-assembly and other intermolecular non-covalent interactions including dipole–dipole interactions. The pH- and photoresponsiveness of polyelectrolytes and azo dyes provide diverse parameters to tune the nanostructures. Our findings demonstrate a facile approach to fabricating and manipulating self-assembled nanoparticles using light and neutron scattering techniques.

33

Heideman, Paul D., and F. H. Bronson. "Characteristics of a Genetic Polymorphism for Reproductive Photoresponsiveness in the White-Footed Mouse (Peromyscus Leucopus)1." Biology of Reproduction 44, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 1189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod44.6.1189.

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34

Kliman, Richard M., and G. Robert Lynch. "Evidence for Independence of Circadian Characters and Extent of Photoresponsiveness in the Djungarian Hamster, Phodopus sungorus." Journal of Biological Rhythms 6, no. 2 (June 1991): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074873049100600206.

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35

Yu, Menghong, Zihao Liu, Yichen Du, Cheng Ma, Yun Yan, and Jianbin Huang. "Endowing a Light-Inert Aqueous Surfactant Two-Phase System with Photoresponsiveness by Introducing a Trojan Horse." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 11, no. 16 (March 14, 2019): 15103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b20817.

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36

Jing, Xiaoling, Donglei Zhou, Rui Sun, Yu Zhang, Yanchun Li, Xiaodong Li, Quanjun Li, Hongwei Song, and Bingbing Liu. "Enhanced Photoluminescence and Photoresponsiveness of Eu 3+ Ions‐Doped CsPbCl 3 Perovskite Quantum Dots under High Pressure." Advanced Functional Materials 31, no. 31 (May 27, 2021): 2100930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202100930.

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37

Dettman, Robert W., F. Rudolf Turner, Henry D. Hoyle та Elizabeth C. Raff. "Embryonic Expression of the Divergent Drosophila β3-Tubulin Isoform Is Required for Larval Behavior". Genetics 158, № 1 (1 травня 2001): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/158.1.253.

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Abstract We have sought to define the developmental and cellular roles played by differential expression of distinct β-tubulins. Drosophila β3-tubulin (β3) is a structurally divergent isoform transiently expressed during midembryogenesis. Severe β3 mutations cause larval lethality resulting from failed gut function and consequent starvation. However, mutant larvae also display behavioral abnormalities consistent with defective sensory perception. We identified embryonic β3 expression in several previously undefined sites, including different types of sensory organs. We conclude that abnormalities in foraging behavior and photoresponsiveness exhibited by prelethal mutant larvae reflect defective β3 function in the embryo during development of chordotonal and other mechanosensory organs and of Bolwig’s organ and nerve. We show that microtubule organization in the cap cells of chordotonal organs is altered in mutant larvae. Thus transient zygotic β3 expression has permanent consequences for the architecture of the cap cell microtubule cytoskeleton in the larval sensilla, even when β3 is no longer present. Our data provide a link between the microtubule cytoskeleton in embryogenesis and the behavioral phenotype manifested as defective proprioreception at the larval stage.

38

Satterlee, D. G., C. A. Cole, and S. A. Castille. "Cloacal Gland and Gonadal Photoresponsiveness in Male Japanese Quail Selected for Divergent Plasma Corticosterone Response to Brief Restraint." Poultry Science 85, no. 6 (June 2006): 1072–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/85.6.1072.

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39

Bronson, F. H., and Paul D. Heideman. "Lack of Reproductive Photoresponsiveness and Correlative Failure to Respond to Melatonin in a Tropical Rodent, the Cane Mouse1." Biology of Reproduction 46, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod46.2.246.

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40

Heideman, Paul D., Julian T. Pittman, Kristin A. Schubert, Christen M. R. Dubois, Jennifer Bowles, Sean M. Lowe, and Matthew R. Price. "Variation in levels of luteinizing hormone and reproductive photoresponsiveness in a population of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus)." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 298, no. 6 (June 2010): R1543—R1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00686.2009.

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Natural genetic variation in reproduction and life history strategies is a manifestation of variation in underlying regulatory neuronal and endocrine systems. A test of the hypothesis that genetic variation in luteinizing hormone (LH) level could be related to a life history trait, seasonal reproduction, was conducted on artificial selection lines from a wild-source population of white-footed mice ( Peromyscus leucopus ). Variation exists in the degree of suppression of reproduction by winter short-day photoperiods (SD) in wild-source individuals and in the laboratory population. In this population, most individuals from a photoperiod-responsive (R) artificial selection line are strongly suppressed reproductively in SD, while most individuals from a photoperiod-nonresponsive (NR) artificial selection line are only weakly reproductively suppressed in SD. We assayed levels of LH to test for genetic variation between lines that could contribute to variation in reproductive status in SD. Females from both lines were raised in long-day photoperiods (LD) or SD, ovariectomized under isoflurane anesthesia, and given estradiol implants. Levels of LH were significantly higher in the NR line than in the R line, indicating genetic variation for levels of LH. Levels of LH were higher in LD than in SD, indicating that levels of LH were sensitive to photoperiod treatment even with a controlled level of estradiol negative feedback. The results indicate that there is genetic variation in levels of LH that could be functionally important both in the laboratory in SD and in the wild population in winter. Thus genetic variation in levels of LH is a plausible causal factor determining winter reproductive phenotype in the wild population.

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Margraf, R. R., and G. R. Lynch. "Melatonin injections affect circadian behavior and SCN neurophysiology in Djungarian hamsters." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 264, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): R615—R621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.3.r615.

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We investigated the effects of daily melatonin (MEL) injection on phase angle of entrainment, duration of wheel-running activity (alpha), and frequency of suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) neuronal discharge in the photo-nonresponsive phenotype of the Djungarian hamster, Phodopus sungorus. Photo-nonresponsiveness is characterized by an absence of physiological adjustments to short days (SD). With respect to wheel-running activity, photo-nonresponsive hamsters have a large negative phase angle of entrainment and a compressed alpha under SD. These hamsters also have a delayed nocturnal MEL pulse. These circadian differences are correlated with the daily profile of SCN neuronal activity. In the present experiments, daily MEL injections to photo-nonresponsive hamsters resulted in molt, gonadal regression, and expansion in alpha until entrainment to lights off. Vehicle-injected controls did not exhibit any of these responses. SCN neuronal activity patterns recorded from MEL-injected photo-nonresponders, but not vehicle-injected controls, resembled electrical activity profiles of photoresponsive hamsters. These results demonstrate that MEL induces "photoresponsiveness" in previously photo-nonresponsive hamsters, that MEL modifies circadian behavior to resemble that of photoresponders, and that MEL injections affect the circadian rhythm of SCN neuronal firing.

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Majoy, S. B., and P. D. Heideman. "Tau Differences between Short-Day Responsive and Short-Day Nonresponsive White-Footed Mice (Peromyscus leucopus) Do Not Affect Reproductive Photoresponsiveness." Journal of Biological Rhythms 15, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 501–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074873000129001611.

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43

Majoy, Sean B., and Paul D. Heideman. "Tau Differences between Short-Day Responsive and Short-Day Nonresponsive White-Footed Mice (Peromyscus leucopus) Do Not Affect Reproductive Photoresponsiveness." Journal of Biological Rhythms 15, no. 6 (December 2000): 500–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074873040001500607.

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44

Han, Yifei, Mingyang Liu, Ruolei Zhong, Zongchun Gao, Ze Chen, Mingming Zhang та Feng Wang. "Photoresponsiveness of Anthracene-Based Supramolecular Polymers Regulated via a σ-Platinated 4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene Photosensitizer". Inorganic Chemistry 58, № 18 (4 вересня 2019): 12407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02073.

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45

Kaplan, D. H., and L. S. Katz. "Luteinizing hormone response to estradiol positive feedback is not an effective endocrine parameter to monitor photoresponsiveness in ovariectomized goats (Capra hircus)." Small Ruminant Research 18, no. 3 (November 1995): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(95)00699-7.

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46

Ware, Jasmine V., O. Lynne Nelson, Charles T. Robbins, and Heiko T. Jansen. "Temporal organization of activity in the brown bear (Ursus arctos): roles of circadian rhythms, light, and food entrainment." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 303, no. 9 (November 1, 2012): R890—R902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00313.2012.

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Seasonal cycles of reproduction, migration, and hibernation are often synchronized to changes in daylength (photoperiod). Ecological and evolutionary pressures have resulted in physiological specializations enabling animals to occupy a particular temporal niche within the diel cycle leading to characteristic activity patterns. In this study, we characterized the annual locomotor activity of captive brown bears (Ursus arctos). Locomotor activity was observed in 18 bears of varying ages and sexes during the active (Mar-Oct) and hibernating (Nov-Feb) seasons. All bears exhibited either crepuscular or diurnal activity patterns. Estimates of activity duration (α) and synchronization to the daily light:dark cycle (phase angles) indirectly measured photoresponsiveness. α increased as daylength increased but diverged near the autumnal equinox. Phase angles varied widely between active and hibernating seasons and exhibited a clear annual rhythm. To directly test the role of photoperiod, bears were exposed to controlled photoperiod alterations. Bears failed to alter their daily activity patterns (entrain) to experimental photoperiods during the active season. In contrast, photic entrainment was evident during hibernation when the daily photocycle was shifted and when bears were exposed to a skeleton (11:1:11:1) photoperiod. To test whether entrainment to nonphotic cues superseded photic entrainment during the active season, bears were exposed to a reversed feeding regimen (dark-fed) under a natural photocycle. Activity shifted entirely to a nocturnal pattern. Thus daily activity in brown bears is highly modifiable by photoperiod and food availability in a stereotypic seasonal fashion.

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Papkovskaya, Elizaveta D., Ji Wan, Dmitry O. Balakirev, Ivan V. Dyadishchev, Artem V. Bakirov, Yuriy N. Luponosov, Jie Min, and Sergey A. Ponomarenko. "Improving the Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells via the Molecular Engineering of Simple Fused Non-Fullerene Acceptors." Energies 16, no. 8 (April 14, 2023): 3443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083443.

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The development of novel non-fullerene small-molecule acceptors (NFAs) with a simple chemical structure for high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs) remains an urgent research challenge to enable their upscaling and commercialization. In this work, we report on the synthesis and comprehensive investigation of two new acceptor molecules (BTPT-OD and BTPT-4F-OD), which have one of the simplest fused structures among the Y series of NFAs, along with the medium energy bandgap (1.85 eV–1.94 eV) and strong absorption in the visible and near-IR spectral range (700–950 nm). The novel NFAs have high thermal stability, good solubility combined with a high degree of crystallinity, and deep-lying levels of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (up to −3.94 eV). The BTPT-OD with indan-1-one-3-dicyanvinyl terminal acceptor group is superior to its counterpart BTPT-4F-OD with 5,6-difluorindan-1-one-3-dicyanvinyl group both in the number of synthetic steps and in the photovoltaic performance in OSCs. PM6:BTPT-OD systems exhibit superior photovoltaic performance due to the higher charge mobility and degree of photoresponsiveness, faster carrier extraction, and longer carrier lifetime. As a result, BTPT-OD has almost two times higher photovoltaic performance with PM6 as a donor material due to the higher JSC and FF than BTPT-4F-OD systems. The results obtained indicate that further development of OSCs can be well achieved through a rational molecular design.

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Ala-Laurila, Petri, M. Carter Cornwall, Rosalie K. Crouch, and Masahiro Kono. "The Action of 11-cis-Retinol on Cone Opsins and Intact Cone Photoreceptors." Journal of Biological Chemistry 284, no. 24 (April 22, 2009): 16492–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109.004697.

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11-cis-Retinol has previously been shown in physiological experiments to promote dark adaptation and recovery of photoresponsiveness of bleached salamander red cones but not of bleached salamander red rods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the direct interaction of 11-cis-retinol with expressed human and salamander cone opsins, and to determine by microspectrophotometry pigment formation in isolated salamander photoreceptors. We show here in a cell-free system using incorporation of radioactive guanosine 5′-3-O-(thio)triphosphate into transducin as an index of activity, that 11-cis-retinol inactivates expressed salamander cone opsins, acting an inverse agonist. Similar results were obtained with expressed human red and green opsins. 11-cis-Retinol had no significant effect on the activity of human blue cone opsin. In contrast, 11-cis-retinol activates the expressed salamander and human red rod opsins, acting as an agonist. Using microspectrophotometry of salamander cone photoreceptors before and after bleaching and following subsequent treatment with 11-cis-retinol, we show that 11-cis-retinol promotes pigment formation. Pigment was not formed in salamander red rods or green rods (containing the same opsin as blue cones) treated under the same conditions. These results demonstrate that 11-cis-retinol is not a useful substrate for rod photoreceptors although it is for cone photoreceptors. These data support the premise that rods and cones have mechanisms for handling retinoids and regenerating visual pigment that are specific to photoreceptor type. These mechanisms are critical to providing regenerated pigments in a time scale required for the function of these two types of photoreceptors.

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Hsu, Yun-Wei A., Jennifer J. Gile, Jazmine G. Perez, Glenn Morton, Miriam Ben-Hamo, Eric E. Turner, and Horacio O. de la Iglesia. "The Dorsal Medial Habenula Minimally Impacts Circadian Regulation of Locomotor Activity and Sleep." Journal of Biological Rhythms 32, no. 5 (September 27, 2017): 444–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730417730169.

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In nocturnal rodents, voluntary wheel-running activity (WRA) represents a self-reinforcing behavior. We have previously demonstrated that WRA is markedly reduced in mice with a region-specific deletion of the transcription factor Pou4f1 (Brn3a), which leads to an ablation of the dorsal medial habenula (dMHb). The decrease in WRA in these dMHb-lesioned (dMHbCKO) mice suggests that the dMHb constitutes a critical center for conveying reinforcement by exercise. However, WRA also represents a prominent output of the circadian system, and the possibility remains that the dMHb is a source of input to the master circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the integrity of the circadian system in dMHbCKO mice. Here we show that the developmental lesion of the dMHb reduces WRA under both a light-dark cycle and constant darkness, increases the circadian period of WRA, but has no effect on the circadian amplitude or period of home cage activity or the daily amplitude of sleep stages, suggesting that the lengthening of period is a result of the decreased WRA in the mutant mice. Polysomnographic sleep recordings show that dMHbCKO mice have an overall unaltered daily amplitude of sleep stages but have fragmented sleep and an overall increase in total rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Photoresponsiveness is intact in dMHbCKO mice, but compared with control animals, they reentrain faster to a 6-h abrupt phase delay protocol. Circadian changes in WRA of dMHbCKO mice do not appear to emerge within the central pacemaker, as circadian expression of the clock genes Per1 and Per2 within the SCN is normal. We do find some evidence for fragmented sleep and an overall increase in total REM sleep, supporting a model in which the dMHb is part of the neural circuitry encoding motivation and involved in the manifestation of some of the symptoms of depression.

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Zheng, Long, Peng Tan, Qian Song, Sheng-Tao Wang, Min Li, Xiao-Qin Liu, and Lin-Bing Sun. "Enhancing photoresponsiveness of metal-organic polyhedra by modifying microenvironment." Nano Research, February 7, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12274-024-6465-0.

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