Дисертації з теми "Photonique au silicium"
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Gaufrès, Étienne. "Photonique des nanotubes de carbone sur silicium." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769727.
Повний текст джерелаGaufrès, Etienne. "Photonique des nanotubes de carbone sur silicium." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112215.
Повний текст джерелаSemiconducting single wall carbon nanotubes (s-SWNT) have recently attracted a lot of interest due to their tunable direct band gap, making them first-rate candidate for new optoelectronic and photonic applications at telecom wavelengths. Ln this focus, the thesis main objective was the semiconducting carbon nanotubes optical properties study as a function of environment, especially the presence of metallic nanotubes. The selective extraction of semiconducting nanotubes, performed in collaboration with AIST Tsukuba in Japan, leads to an enhancement of nanotubes' light emission and reduce optical losses. Moreover, evidences of optical gain in (8,6) et (8,7) s-SWNT were observed in highly purified semiconducting carbon nanotubes sample. Ln a second time, the optical interaction between silicon based nanostructures and carbon nanotubes as an active material was studied and the coupling of the photoluminescence into a waveguide was experimentally demonstrated. This work paves the way towards the realization of an integrated ligth source based on carbon nanotubes and on the long run, towards carbon nanotube photonics
Caër, Charles. "Cristaux photoniques à fente : vers une photonique silicium hybride à exaltation localisée du champ électromagnétique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954411.
Повний текст джерелаRybin, Maxim. "Graphene-photonic crystal hybrid structures for light harnessing." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDL0029/document.
Повний текст джерелаNo abstract
Crosnier, Guillaume. "Nanodiodes laser hybrides InP sur Silicium injectées électriquement." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC225.
Повний текст джерелаConfronted with the challenge of the interconnect bottleneck, microelectronics industry must develop a new technology for data transfer over inter- and infra-chip distances. Based on the demonstrated performance for long distances, optical interconnects are right now the most studied solution to take up to this challenge. If data transfer through optical interconnects can benefit from the developed technologies for silicon photonics, active components are still lacking maturity. One of the critical points that needs to be addressed is the development of an ultrasmall, low-power, energy-efficient laser source with high bandwidth. During this PhD, we proposed a new design of hybrid InP on SOI nanolaser relying on a 1D rib Photonic Crystal (PhC) cavity. This new architecture allows us to efficiently inject electrical current in high quality factors optical cavities coupled to silicon waveguides circuitry. In this work, we first looked at the conception of nanolasers by carrying out the required electrical and optical simulations. This allowed us to define a design solving the problem of electrical injection, a necessary step for the use of that kind of components. We also developed the technology needed for their fabrication by limiting us to processes that are CMOS-compatible in terms of temperature. These developments led to the first demonstration of electrically-pumped nanolasers fully integrated on silicon waveguides. Those nanolasers emitting around 1. 55um were operated in continuous regime with threshold values of 100 uA at a voltage of 1 V
Amans, David. "Microsources photoniques à base de nanocristaux de silicium." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2002. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1891_damans.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe doctoral thesis entitled "silicon nanocrystals based photonic microsources" deals with the use of silicon as emitter material in light sources. We want to know if silicon, omnipresent in the electronic industry, may offer new oppor-tunity in the field of optoelectronic. The main aim consists in making silicon nanocrystals based cavities. The silicon monocrystalline grains, named sili-con nanocrystals, have spherical shapes with diameters between 3 nm and 7. 5 nm. The nanocrystals strong photoluminescence in the visible range is ascribed to the effect of quantum confinement. The active layer composed of silicon nanocrystals is placed in a Fabry-Pérrot resonator. It is a plane cavity surrounded by two dielectric mirrors composed of silicon oxide and titanium oxide. This device correspond to laser device. Our work can be di-vided into four part. The first part is dedicated to the silicon nanocrystals thin film properties : optical index and photoluminescence properties. The second part is dedicated to the cavities properties and to the Bragg mirrors properties. This theoretical part allows to improve sources properties by well fitting cavities design. In the third part, we describe the production and the photoluminescence characterisation of half cavities and full cavities. Espe¬cially, we have deduced from the life time measurements, the spontaneous emission rate evolution induced by the cavity. Since the production and the characterisation of plane cavities were successful, we investigated 2D and 3D light confinement devices. In the fourth part, we report the preliminary study about light confinement in silicon nanocrystals based 2D photonic crystals. We have produced nanostructured films composed of silicon nanocrystals. We have theoretically investigated the photonic band structure of 2D structured films
Bourgeois, Martin. "Commutation optique dans un cristal photonique à base de silicium." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62578.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHan, Zheng. "Vers le laser Raman à cristal photonique en filière silicium." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112162.
Повний текст джерелаThis work of this thesis has been primarily devoted in the studies and the realization of a Raman laser based on silicon photonic crytal structures. We have shown that access ridge waveguides combined with the inverted tapers allow in optimise efficiently the experimental coupling of the light from an optical fibes into the photonic crystal. We have fabricated the photonic crystal cavities in membrane approach which have allowed to reach quality factor above 2 million with a modal volume of the order of cube wavelenght. The quality factor of photonic crystal cavities has been found dependent on the position of the photonic crystal waveguide used for the coupling. In parallel, the numerical modelings on a new design of the photonic crystal cavities in SOI approach have demonstrated an ultra-high quality factor above 8 000 000. We have observed a reshaping of the Raman spectrum and a more than tenfold enhancement of the Raman scattering efficiency in a W1 photonic crystal waveguide as compared to a single mode ridge waveguide. In particular, we have analysed this enhancement through the Purcell effect. We have shown that a deterministic value and measurement of the Purcell factor in a semiconductor microcavity can be obtained by using spontaneous Raman scattering as an internal source. A new design of a microcavity supporting a double resonance has allowed us to observe stimulated Raman scattering at room temperature under continuous excitation. The model, which accounts for stimulated scattering, two-photon absorption and free-carrier absorption, allows us to predict the onset of Raman lasing in silicon photonic crystals
Vallée, Jean-Michel. "Source laser accordable jumelant photonique sur silicium et fibre optique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69037.
Повний текст джерелаThis master's thesis is on the design of a hybrid laser combining optical bers and the technology of silicon photonics. The main objective is to achieve a laser with great control and exibility over its emission parameters and with good performances for the eld of optical telecommunications. Until now, several approaches leading to laser integration on the silicon photonics have been demonstrated. Unlike integration approaches which aim to produce the most compact source possible, the chosen approach aims to produce a high-performance laser which exploits both the optical amplication performance of the doped bers as well as the potential of light processing and precision that oers the silicon photonic platform. The operating principle as well as the theoretical models of dierent optical devices accessible thanks to the silicon photonics are presented in detail. These devices allowing optical connement at the 100-nanometer scale level as well as the manipulation of light are key elements in the design of optical lters for the laser cavity. The performances of a Vernier lter on silicon are analyzed by means of numerical simulations. Two types of hybrid lasers are presented in this document. The rst is a multimode laser allowing a selection of the spectral spacing between its modes. The second type of laser is a single-mode laser operating at 2000 nm and tunable over a range of 100 nm. In the rst case, the amplication medium of the cavity is composed of an optical ber doped with erbium while in the second, it is a ber doped with thulium.
Rasigade, Gilles. "Modulateur optique haute-fréquence sur subtrat silicium-sur-isolant." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112158.
Повний текст джерелаThe silicon photonics has emerged as the key area of research for optical telecommunication with the objective of developing an integrated transceiver fully-compatible with the available CMOS technology. In this context, the work of my thesis is focused on the structure of the optical modulator, integrated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate and for applications working at the bitrates of 10 and 40 Gbit/s. Its active structure is based on the carrier depletion obtained in a reverse biased junction and leads to an intensity modulation at the output of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The optimization of the structure produced an optical modulator design which exhibits a VpLp product of 1,7 V. Cm. Insertion loss as low as 3dB and a -3 dB cut off frequency of 35 GHz. The light and RF copropagation has been studied as well and has validated the operation of the component at the bitrate of 40 Gbit/s. A CMOS technological process has been established and chips have been fabricated at CEA/LETI then characterized at IEF. Finally, this work has led to the design of a silicon optical modulator with characteristics compatible with 40 Gbit/s applications, as well as general result for the optimization of this component. Its integration with laser sources and photo detectors will lead is the future to the emergence of silicon photonics for integrating optical telecommunication
Ferrand, Patrick. "Structures guidantes à bande interdite photonique à base de silicium nanoporeux." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003341.
Повний текст джерелаFerrand, Patrick. "Structures guidantes à bande interdite photonique à base de silicium nanoporeux." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10104.
Повний текст джерелаKoompai, Natnicha. "Mid-IR SiGe photonics circuit for sensing application." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST027.
Повний текст джерелаThere is currently a growing interest in the developement of mid-infrared photonics integrated circuits driven by their unique features and potential to identify chemical and biological substances. Commercially available mid-infrared systems currently rely on bulky and expensive equipment. Substantial efforts are devoted to downsizing mid-infrared systems to chip-scale dimensions. The use of silicon photonics for the demonstration of mid-IR integrated circuits offers great advantages in terms of compactness, high-performance, and cost-effective sensing systems. A key point for development of real application is to be able to couple the mid-infrared light source with the photonics circuits in a compact way. In this context, the main objective of this thesis has been focused on two different challenges: (i) progress towards the integration of QCL with SiGe photonics circuits in the mid-IR range (ii) contribution to the development of SiGe photonics devices by the development of high-quality factor resonators operating around 8 µm wavelength. This work has opened the route for future development of on-chip integrated photonics circuit in the mid-IR
Lérondel, Gilles. "Propagation de la lumière dans le silicium poreux : application à la photonique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10253.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Xiang. "Composants à cristal photonique 2D et 2. 5D contenant des boîtes quantiques GeSi sur silicium pour la nanophotonique proche infrarouge." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112041.
Повний текст джерелаThe work of this thesis was primarily devoted to theoretical and experimental studies in the near infrared of photonic crystal nanostructures. These nanostructures are constituted by a two-dimensional periodic lattice of air holes in a silicon matrix in which an internal source is integrated. We have shown experimentally that it was possible to probe at room temperature the spectral position and the profile of emission of the defect modes of cavity in the near infrared range thanks to the internal luminescence of GeSi/Si self-assembled quantum dots. The analysis of the various loss mechanisms is used to identify the dominant sources of loss existing in the cavities with 2D photonic crystal on silicon and thus to allow carrying out a modal engineering for a better optical confinement. In particular, we have shown by micro-photoluminescence that it was possible to obtain some defect modes with a high quality factor in 2D photonic crystal cavities with embedded GeSi/Si quantum dots on silicon. In parallel, we have demonstrated another possibility of controlling the quality factor for optical modes, which are located at the center of the Brillouin zone, by an approach combining 2D photonic crystal and 1D Bragg mirror. The control of the photon life time is obtained by the adjustment of thicknesses of the superior layers and the choice of the elementary lattice of the 2D photonic crystal. In addition to the results obtained on a square lattice, several ways of optimization were proposed. The experimental results have been quantitatively interpreted thanks to numeric simulations of different types, principally the FDTD method and the plane waves method
Eugène, Lino. "Réalisation et caractérisation opto-électrique d'un nanopixel à base de nanocristaux de Silicium." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0097/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаActually, many types of photodetectors are available on the market. The main characteristics of such devices are the spectral response, the dark current, the signal to noise ratio, the quantum efficiency and the time response. New applications in the visible range require photodetectors with higher sensitivities, in order to detect very week signals, even single photons. In this context, our work has been focussed on the fabrication process of highly sensitive nanopixels in the visible range, using silicon nanocristals. After discussing the influence of downscaling on the electronic properties and optical properties of silicon, we present a fabrication process and insulation process of nanopixels based on silicon nanocristals embedded in SiO2. The electrical characteristics of the devices have shown electron charging phenomena in the Si quantum dots, and their contribution to transport mechanisms. Finally, we present a first study of the electro-optical properties of our nanopixels by means of photocourant spectroscopy
Marsaut, David. "Ingénierie optique et microsystèmes silicium : développement d'une instrumentation dédiée à la biologie cutanée." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2052.
Повний текст джерелаHaret, Laurent-Daniel. "Détecteur en silicium sur cristal photonique par absorption non linéaire à deux photons." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00911884.
Повний текст джерелаRouifed, Mohamed Saïd. "Modulateurs à base de puits quantiques Ge/SiGe pour la photonique sur silicium." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112178/document.
Повний текст джерелаSilicon photonics has generated a great interest for several years, for applications from long-haul optical telecommunication to intra-chip interconnects. The ultimate integration of optics and electronics on the same chip would allow an increase of the integrated circuit performances at low cost. In this context, the work done during my Ph.D is focused on the study of optical modulation around the direct bandgap of Ge/SiGe quantum well structures, at room temperature, by Quantum Confined Stark effect (QCSE). Electrical and optical simulations have been used to design a modulator operating at 1.3μm. Such device has been fabricated and characterized, demonstrating an extinction ratio up to 6 dB using a 50 µm-long structure. The second objective of my work was to design and demonstrate a modulator integrated on SOI waveguide. The demonstration of an efficient QCSE in Ge/SiGe quantum wells grown on the top of a 360nm homogeneous virtual substrate has paved the way for such integration. Simulations were conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of an evanescent vertical coupling between an SOI optical waveguide and a Ge/SiGe active region and to evaluate the performance of this device. A technological process has then been proposed to fabricate the devices. All steps have been optimized for the fabrication of the modulator integrated with the waveguides. Mainly six electronic beam lithography and four etching steps were used. Preliminary experimental results obtained with such component are presented. This work paves the way to the demonstration of complex photonic integrated circuits, including modulators, photodetectors and passive structures on the same chip
Michit, Nicolas. "Switch optique pour la conception de liens WDM rapides en photonique sur silicium." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI033.
Повний текст джерелаSilicon photonics stands as a promising solution to replace copper interconnections for communication requirements highly integrated inside data centers, inter and intra chip links. To achieve high data rate, one can use multiplexing on optical links combined with disaggregated resources. In such architectures, an optical switch being able to cope with high size and data rate is a core element to be designed. In this study, we focused on intrachip interconnections on a photonic interposer, based on wavelength multiplexed links around the 1310nm communication channel. Integration of laser sources, modulation of the data and reception of the signal is not addressed here. Our goal is the optical switching. At first, the choice to use ring resonators based links has been justified in terms of compactness, network flexibility and low optical losses. Those structures are though very sensitive to environment and geometry fluctuations: it is important to understand well physical effects at stake. We thus describe different ring resonance models to then create a model both analytic and enough accurate to describe peak shifts. The validation of this model is performed with optical and electrical tests. This work allowed a better understanding of the ring parameters in order to minimize its impact on a WDM link. We then propose ideas of possible improvements for those resonators. Disks and resonators using the silicon nitride layer have been simulated, fabricated and tested to compare their performances to the reference design. One of those improvements is topologic. One resonator is replaced by two coupled rings, to achieve a higher order of resonance. Since most of the switching architecture are not adapted to the use of double rings, we developed a new approach on that topic. To limit thermal crosstalk in WDM switches while keeping low footprint, resonators are grouped with respect to their wavelength. The scalability is preserved with a truth table kept to a fair level of simplicity for any number of wavelength multiplexed. The way to drive every resonator is a core topic in switching architectures, especially the detection of the resonance to perform a feedback loop. We demonstrated in this work a transparent and non-invasive way to detect light in a ring waveguide, based on the doped junction already used to drive the ring. Finally, we tackle the question of the switch scalability (without use of active amplifiers). Starting from reasonable hypothesis, we estimate the total switch bandwidth of a classical architecture taking into account data rate, number of ports and the wavelength multiplexing. Those system results confirm or invalidate some of the hypothesis taken in the architecture part
Ziebell, Melissa. "Transceiver optique en silicium pour les réseaux d’accès." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112181/document.
Повний текст джерелаSilicon photonics is a research field in full expansion that works towards the integration of photonics and microelectronic components in a single chip. The creation of a broadband optical link that is able to carry high-speed information requires the development of efficient building blocks compatible with CMOS technology. The work carried out during my Ph.D. focused specifically on silicon optical modulators for high-speed applications from 10 to 40 Gbit/s. The work presented includes design, optimization, fabrication and characterization of the complete device. The modulator is based on the electro-refractive effect obtained by depletion of carriers in PN and PIPIN diodes to obtain a phase change of the optical mode. Intensity modulation is obtained by integration of the active region in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer or a ring resonator. Electrical, optical and radio frequency simulations were conducted on the various elements of the modulator to design a device for FTTH (Fiber To The Home) applications operating at 127 µm. Additional studies included the design of RF coplanar waveguide electrodes optimized through the development of an electro-optical model that takes into account the propagation of the electrical and optical waves in the active region. Compatible CMOS processes were proposed, and the necessary masks for fabrication were designed considering fabrication tolerances and critical parameters. Finally, various experimental results were obtained on components designed at IEF and fabricated at CEA-LETI. We can specially mention a Mach Zehnder modulator operating at 40 Gbit/s that uses a PIPIN diode to obtain an index variation, and having an extinction ratio of 7.5 dB and losses of only 6 dB. The goal of future optimizations of silicon modulator is to integrate these devices with the RF driver, and to move towards more complex and efficient modulation formats than the two-level intensity modulation seen so far
Berciano, Mathias. "Nonlinéarités optiques du second ordre dans le silicium." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS565/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe explosion of data demand imposed new requirements in terms of data transmission rate that are more and more difficult to meet without greatly increasing the power consumption in data centres, hot spots of telecommunications networks. In this context, silicon photonics is considered the most adapted solution to address these complex issues by replacing metallic interconnects by silicon-based photonic links. The electro-optic modulator is one major building block in such photonic links and ensure the conversion of data carried by an electric signal to an optical one. However, silicon being a centrosymmetric material, it cannot exhibit the Pockels effect, a very valuable optical nonlinear phenomenon used in most high-speed and low power consumption modulators. This limitation is nonetheless relaxed by applying deformations to the silicon lattice by means of stress in order to break its inversion symmetry. Numerous theoretical and experimental studies were reported to demonstrate and quantify the Pockels effect. But, the semiconductor nature of silicon tremendously complicate the analysis of the Pockels effect, which existence was questioned in strained silicon and source of controversy. Indeed, free carriers in silicon waveguides and at the interfaces induce a strong modulation signal, thereby screening Pockels effect. To stem the influence of free carriers, the work done in the thesis consisted in studying high frequency-based modulation signal (> 5 GHz). Various microwave studies were then performed in strained silicon photonic structures and will be presented in the following thesis manuscript. First studies were achieved on a SOI platform and the obtained experimental results demonstrated the presence of a weak high-frequency electro-optic modulation signal which intensity clearly depends on the silicon cristallographic direction and the level of stress applied to silicon. Based on a theoretical model describing the second-order nonlinear electric susceptibility χ(²), a multiphysic model has been developed and successfully described both experimental results and the spatial distribution of χ(²) within strained silicon waveguides. These studies also showed that the weak intensity of the applied electric fields, due to the free carriers distribution, are responsible for the weak measured Pockels-based modulation efficiencies. A second study has then been carried out on a modified SOI platform allowing the design of more efficient electric circuits inducing stronger electric fields. An improvement by a factor of 20 was observed on the obtained experimental results compared to the previous ones. Moreover, the multiphysic model could again describe those results, proving its reliability. As outlooks, electro-optic eye diagram of complex electric signals could be obtained at the condition of stronger stress applied to silicon waveguides. Furthermore, the model describing the second-order nonlinear susceptibility χ(²) can also be exploited to depict the second harmonic generation in strained silicon waveguides, which existence is still not clear for the moment
Descos, Antoine. "Conception, fabrication et réalisation de sources lasers hybrides III-V sur silicium." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0050/document.
Повний текст джерелаWith the development of the Internet and the new cloud services, the amount of data processed by data-centers is increasing. Though, if the paralleling of multiple server answer to this growing quantity, a structural problem arises. As in super calculators between nodes calculations, data are not transmitted quickly enough between servers on classical electric cables. This bottleneck can be overcome thanks to the optic which can access greater data rates. If existing active cables allow a quick resolution, silicon photonic has a clear benefit. The integration of the optical components closer to the electronic chips reduces substantially the path of interconnections and their energetic costs.An optical transmitter and receptor need different components. If modulators, multiplexers, fiber coupler, multiplexer and photo-detectors are already achieved, laser sources used are still outside the photonic chip. This is the missing link for a complete optical integration thanks to the silicon photonic. Several architectures have been proposed but this thesis relies on hybrid integration of III-V material on silicon.The work of this thesis consisted on the conception, the fabrication and the characterization of hybrid III-V on Silicon laser sources and was completely done at the CEA/LETI. The LETI architecture composed by a III-V waveguide coupled to a silicon waveguide was improved thanks to a adiabatic criterion to obtain an efficient and robust active area of the laser. This architecture was declined in different kinds of lasers (Fabry-Pérot, DBR, Racetrack and DFB). The fabrication required technological development for the structuration of the reported III-V material on silicon at the laboratories of the CEA/LETI. The first results validates the proposed architectures. The DBR lasers have threshold of less than 20mA and maximal optical power of more than 20mW inside the silicon waveguide. Those lasers are monomode with a SMSR of more than 50dB. The DFB Lasers have threshold of 30mA and maximal optical power of more than 40mW inside the silicon waveguide. They are monomode with SMSR more than 40dB. Those results are world state-of-the-art for hybrids laser sources in silicon photonic
Jafari, Omid. "Transmetteurs photoniques sur silicium pour la prochaine génération de réseaux optiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69491.
Повний текст джерелаChauveau, Clément. "Réseaux de résonateurs pour la photonique sur silicium, applications au multiplexage en longueur d'onde." Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0036.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of the micro-electronics industry has given access to very high data transmission rates. Currently, these data rates are limited by the electrical interconnection bandwidth and it will soon be necessary to use optical links to obtain higher data rates. To attain this objective, new building blocks must be developed such as lasers, modulators, photo-detectors, wave-guides and routing devices which must all be fully compatible with the CMOS processing. This doctoral thesis concerns the study and development of new components based on circular resonators arrays, which offer alternative solutions to existing devices in the field of wavelength division multiplexing for silicon photonics. The study of single ring resonators over the entire surface of a wafer shows that the use of thermal regulation is required to compensate for fabrication variations. Results of simulations and experiments show that arrays of circular resonators allow broadband filtering with very low loss. Based on this principle, an 8 channel multiplexer is demonstrated conforming to telecoms specifications. This kind of device is a potential candidate for use in the development of wavelength division multiplexing in silicon photonics
Mavel, Amaury. "Nanofils de semiconducteurs III-V épitaxiés sur Si(111) pour la photonique sur silicium." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI015/document.
Повний текст джерелаMicroelectronics encounter growing issues with components miniaturization. Silicon photonics offer to avoid them by taking the photon as the information carrier, but the sources are challenging to make. This thesis thus focused on the realization by vapor-liquid-solid assisted molecular beam epitaxy and the characterization by photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) of InAs/InP quantum dots in nanowires (QD-NW) on (111) oriented silicon, with the aim of monolithic integration of light sources. Pure wurtzite InP NWs have first been vertically grown on Si(111) with a gold-indium droplet catalyst. The preliminary formation of InP pedestals by the crystallization of the droplets, and the migration of gold at the top of the pedestals to catalyze the growth, have been evidenced. The NWs diameter has then been increased so they behave as bulk InP regarding optomechanical properties. The NWs have been put under hydrostatic pressure to several GPa to determine little known InP wurtzite parameters. The growth optimization of the InAs/InP QD-NW system has then been realized. QDs with various height and very sharp interfaces have been obtained. PL studies show more or less complex spectra, according to the QDs' height, as well as a height-tunable polarization. The last goal was to enhance the efficiency of the InAs/InP QD-NWs thanks to the photonic effect brought by an amorphous silicon shell. PL studies revealed a high signal loss and the disappearance of the polarization anisotropy of the QD-NWs emission after deposition. Several hypothesis are discussed
Favreau, Julien. "Étude et développement d'une plateforme photonique moyen infrarouge sur silicium : vers des capteurs intégrés." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS263/document.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, microelectronic chips and sensors are not simply electronic circuits anymore. They are able to convey both electric and optical signal. As shown by the so-called photonic chips used to transmit data at high speed rate. However, this technology only exploits a very small part of the light spectrum, namely in the near infrared. Exploitation of the whole mid-infrared domain (λ=2-20 µm) would allow to develop new integrated sensors using molecules specific spectral fingerprints in this part of the electromagnetic spectrum.This thesis deals with the development of integrated optical circuits on silicon capable of handling these wavelengths and compatible with 200 mm clean room fabrication processes. The technology developed in this work, is based on Si₀,₆Ge₀,₄ channel square waveguides in order to obtain compact and low loss optical circuits. First of all, the design of optical functions required to build circuits is presented. Then, these functions are assembled into circuits which are manufactured and characterized in order to assess performances of the developed technology. Two circuits have been produced: one with standard processes and one with damascene processes. The first one has the advantage of using known processes, whereas the second one allows to make waveguides for different wavelengths on a single chip. These two circuits have been characterized in order to conduct a comparative study between the two fabrication processes. Finally, in order to mature the technology, an in-depth study on grating coupler for Si₀,₆Ge₀,₄ waveguides have been conducted. It has led to the manufacturing and characterization of two grating couplers : one made of air inclusions and another locally suspended
Han, Bing. "Etude des composants nanophotoniques pour les interconnexions optiques sur silicium." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0130/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe increasing frequency of integrated circuits makes it problematic the use of metal interconncetions and requires the introduction o new types of connections such as optical link. The first objective of this thesis was to show the feasibility of an optical link using a CMOS compatible process technology. The main results concern the development of two new low-cost materials deposited by a low temperature process (PECVD) : the silicon nitride (SiNx) and amorphous silicon (a-Si :H). The compact strip waveguides were fabricated. The optical losses of 2. 2 dB/cm and 5. 5dB/cm at wavelength of 1. 3 micrometer for silicon nitride and amorphous silicon have been measured. The realization of basic components as bends and beam splitters allows distributing the first optical link from 1 to 8. In order to transfer the light between the active layer III-V and passive optical circuit, the approach taken in this thesis was to use guide couplers. The coupling efficiency obtained is 60%. The second part of this thesis was devoted to the study of resonant cavities, which increase the performance of silicon optical modulators. The electro-optical effect is enhanced by the use of microcavities and diffraction structures. These approaches can significantly reduce the size of components and increase their working frequency. To achieve an integrated optical modulator, the racetrack resonators and Fabry-Perot cavities are the two resonant structures explored, which are manufactured in a rib waveguide. For the racetrack resonator, the quality factor of 5200 was obtained, and it was shown that it is adequate for an efficient modulation in silicon
Lamy, Jean-Jacques. "Emetteurs optiques à nanostructures quantiques rapportés sur substrat silicium." Rennes, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAR0009.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the study and the development of fast and tunable vertical cavity lasers for applications to high-speed optical data transmission. In this context, the highlighting has been placed on different parts of laser: Bragg mirrors, active zone and electrical injection. Using a hybrid mirror in the bottom of the cavity, composed of a dielectric Bragg and a layer of gold, we have demonstrated an increase of the output power. The insertion of quantum wires in the active zone made possible to demonstrate a laser emission under continuous optical pumping at room temperature with a polarized emission (1000:1) in the direction of the wires. A second component electrically pumped has been studied and implemented. The electrical injection uses a buried tunnel junction. The assembling of laser is based on the original technique developed by the company Intexys. A work of modeling and optimization of the tunnel junction has led to a low access resistance
Cao, Ruping. "DRC et LVS pour la conception photonique sur sicilium." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC009/document.
Повний текст джерелаLa plate-forme d'intégration silicium est arrivée à maturité, et a amené les circuits intégrés électroniques (IC) aux applications du marché de masse ; la photonique sur silicium va suivre probablement cette évolution. Pourtant, il y a encore de nombreux défis technologiques à relever pour réaliser la technologie photonique sur silicium. Parmi les principaux défis, il est essentiel de se concentrer sur la construction d'un environnement de conception complet interfacé avec les outils EDA standards ; comme dans la microélectronique, il permettrait la création de librairies photoniques et des blocs IP photoniques. Dans cette étude, nous nous concentrons sur l’adaptation et le développement du flot de vérification physique (PV, ou « physical verification ») pour la conception photonique sur silicium.Il y a un certain nombre de concepts de PV existant pour le CMOS traditionnel qui peuvent être empruntés. Tous, cependant, nécessiteront quelques modifications en raison de la nature distincte du circuit photonique. Nous étudions les exigences de PV pour les circuits photoniques, en comparaison avec celles de la conception de circuits intégrés traditionnels. La limitation la plus importante des outils de PV actuels est de traiter les layout « non-Manhattan ». Nousadaptons des outils industriels standards pour effectuer un « design rule checking » (DRC) efficace et fiable qui valide les layout non-Manhattan. Nous proposons également des méthodologies et développons un flot « layout versus schematic » (LVS) spécifique aux caractéristiques non-Manhattan et aux exigences de vérification de circuits photoniques. Le flot est capable de vérifier le layout du circuit photonique (ou même le silicium fabriqué du circuit) en ce qui concerne la conception cible. Les flots développés sont démontrées avec les outils de Mentor Graphics – Pyxis (l’environnement de dessin) et Calibre® (les outils de PV). Comme les méthodologies génériques, ils peuvent aussi être en principe adoptés dans d'autres outils EDA afin d'effectuer la vérification de la réalisation de la conception du circuit photonique. Un tel flot de PV est essentiel pour amener la technologie photonique sur silicium sur la ligne de production réelle de CMOS
Sepehrian, Hassan. "Transmetteurs photoniques sur silicium pour les transmissions optiques à grande capacité." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31448.
Повний текст джерелаData-hungry applications (social media, video streaming, big data, etc.) are expanding at a fast pace, growing demand for ultra-fast optical links. This driving force reveals need for low-cost, integrated optical transmitters and pushes research in silicon photonics because of its advantages over other platforms (i.e. LiNbO3 and InP), such as compatibility with CMOS fabrication processes, the ability of on-chip polarization manipulation, and cost effciency. Electro-optic modulators are an essential component of optical communication links and immense research is dedicated to developing effcient high-bitrate devices. However, the design of high-capacity Silicon Photonics (SiP) transmitters is challenging, mainly due to lack of inherent electro-optic effect in silicon. New design methodologies and performance merits have to be developed in order to map the system-level criteria of an optical link to the design parameters in device-level. In addition, co-design of silicon photonics and CMOS integrated circuits is crucial to reveal the full potential of silicon photonics. This thesis addresses the aforementioned challenges. In our frst contribution, for the frst time we present a DAC-less PAM-4 silicon photonic transmitter that includes a SiP lumped-element segmented-electrode Mach Zehnder modula-tor (LES-MZM) implemented in a generic silicon photonic process with lateral p-n junction and its co-designed CMOS driver. Using post processing, bitrates up to 38 Gb/s/channel are achieved without using an external digital to analog converter. We also presents a novel delay generation procedure in the CMOS driver. A robust delay as small as 7 ps is generated between the driving channels. In our second contribution, for the frst time we present a new figure of merit (FOM) for SiP modulators that includes not only the optical loss and effciency (like the prior FOMs), but also the SiP modulator electro-optic bandwidth ( BWEO). This new FOM can map SiP modulator physical design parameters to its system-level performance criteria, facilitating both device design and system optimization. For the frst time we define and employ the modulator power penalty (MPP) induced by the SiP modulator to study the system level performance degradation induced by SiP modulator in an optical pulse amplitude modulation link. We develope a closed-form equation for MPP that includes the SiP modulator limiting factors (optical loss, limited extinction ratio and electro-optic bandwidth limitation). Finally in our third contribution, we present a novel design methodology for integrated high capacity SiP modulators. The new approach is based on minimizing the power penalty of a SiP modulator (MPP) by optimizing modulator design and bias point. For the given process, a unit-length design of Mach Zehnder modulator (MZM) can be optimized following the process specifications and design rules. However, the length and the bias voltage of the phase shifter must be optimized together in a system context (e.g., baud rate and modulation format). Moreover, to verify the proposed optimization approach in experiment, we design an in-phase/quadrature-phase (IQ) silicon photonic modulator targeting 16-QAM modulation format at 60 Gbaud. Experimental results proves the reliability of our proposed methodology. We further push the baud rate up to 70 Gbaud to examine the capacity boundary of the device. Back to back data transmission with bitrates more than 233 Gb/s/channel are captured. This design methodology paves the way for designing the next generation of integrated dual- polarization 400+ Gb/s/channel transmitters.
Sabac, Andrei. "Etude, réalisation et caractérisation d'un microinterféromètre de Mach-Zehnder intégré sur membrane silicium active." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2059.
Повний текст джерелаVerbert, Jérémy. "Réalisation et étude optique de microcavités à modes de galerie intégrées sur silicium." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00143070.
Повний текст джерелаLa première partie de l'étude concerne le développement de matériau émetteur utilisant l'erbium. Différentes matrices sont utilisées afin d'aboutir à une émission efficace à 1,54 µm à température ambiante : silice, silicium sur isolant (SOI) et silice non-stoechiométrique (SRO : nanoclusters de silicium en matrice de silice). Les émetteurs retenus pour l'étude, le silicium sur isolant et l'erbium associé au SRO, sont ensuite intégrés à des cavités de type microdisque par des procédés de lithographie et gravure dérivés de ceux utilisés en microélectronique. Dans le cas des disques à base de silice, un recuit au laser CO2 permet de s'affranchir des rugosités résiduelles par fusion des bords du disque conduisant à la formation de tores.
Les structures obtenues sont ensuite étudiées au moyen d'un banc de photoluminescence spécifique développé au laboratoire tenant compte des caractéristiques de l'émission dans les modes de galerie et permettant leur évaluation fine. Le couplage de l'émission du silicium et du SRO dopé erbium à des modes de galerie possédant des facteurs de qualité de plusieurs milliers (jusqu'à Q ≈ 90000) est ainsi observé à température ambiante. Ces résultats, associés à la possibilité de coupler les cavités à des guides démontrée pour les disques SOI, ouvrent des perspectives particulièrement intéressantes du point de vue de la recherche appliquée (sources intégrées) comme de la recherche fondamentale (effets CQED sur les terres rares).
Ziebell, Melissa. "Transceiver optique en silicium pour les réseaux d'accès." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873582.
Повний текст джерелаGomard, Guillaume. "Cristaux photoniques pour le contrôle de l'absorption dans les cellules solaires photovoltaïques silicium ultraminces." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766750.
Повний текст джерелаPin, Christophe. "Piégeage et manipulation d'objets colloïdaux à l'aide de structures photoniques en silicium intégrées dans des puces optofluidiques." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS060/document.
Повний текст джерелаNear-field optical forces arise from evanescent electromagnetic fields, such as in the near-field of photonic waveguides and nanocavities where light is highly confined. These contactless forces can be advantageously used to trap and manipulate micro- and nano-objects in solution. This thesis aims at studying these intriguing interactions and investigating their potential applications. The first chapter is an introduction to the fields of colloidal systems and optical trapping, more especially using near-field optical forces. The second chapter presents the experimental setup and the process used to fabricate optofluidic chips with microfluidic channels. The trapping potential experienced by 2 $µm$, 1 $µm$, and 500 $nm$ microbeads at the surface of a photonic nanocavity is studied in the third chapter. Our results lead to the concept of optofluidic near-field optical microscopy. In the fourth chapter, we study the dynamics and the manipulation of trapped microbeads clusters in fluidic flows. The last chapter focuses on the trapping and the manipulation of microbeads at the surface of waveguides using copropagating modes
Zhang, Jihua. "Enhancement of nonlinear effects using silicon plasmonic structures." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS171/document.
Повний текст джерелаWith the rapid increasing bandwidth of data transmission and signal processing, integrated electronics encounters bottlenecks. Silicon photonics provides a low-cost solution to overcome some of these bottlenecks by introducing on-chip optical links. After a decade of development, silicon photonics is now the most active discipline and most promising platform within the field of integrated optics. However, in the process of further development, new stumbling blocks emerge, among which the fact that the size of photonic devices is limited by the diffraction limit, which results in a large mismatch between photonic and electronic components. Plasmonics seems to be an ideal solution to overcome this obstacle thanks to its ability to confine the optical field into nanoscales beyond the diffraction limit. Meanwhile, the localized strong field enhancement in plasmonic structures enhances interaction of light and matter, which is promising for nonlinear applications.In this dissertation, we combine the plasmonic and organic technologies onto the silicon photonics platform to create silicon plasmonic organic structures and investigate the nonlinear effects induced in them. Silicon plasmonic organic structures combine the advantages of silicon with ultra-compact performance of plasmonics and ultrafast property of organic materials that have great potentials in nonlinear integrated optics.A full-vectorial nonlinear coupled-wave equation model which is valid for lossy plasmonic waveguides is proposed and then utilized to analyze the nonlinear effects in silicon plasmonic waveguides. This dissertation addresses the use of two kinds of plasmonic waveguides, plasmonic slot waveguide (PSW) and hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPW), for nonlinear applications. Specifically, enhanced second harmonic generation, electro-optical /optical rectification effect in PSW and enhanced second harmonic generation in HPW and ring resonators are proposed. The mode phase matching technique is applied for the phase matching of the nonlinear processes. Based on the effective nonlinear effects within short distances, possible applications in optical signal processing such as phase regeneration, modulation and detection are envisaged.Design, fabrication and measurement of PSW are also provided. By spin-coating a commercial available second order nonlinear polymer, preliminary results regarding the nonlinear response of the PSW are investigated
Beninca, de farias Giovanni. "Etude de solutions OFDM en technologie "Photonique Silicium" pour les futures générations de réseaux optiques passifs." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061786.
Повний текст джерелаBeninca, de Farias Giovanni. "Etude de solutions OFDM en technologie "Photonique Silicium" pour les futures générations de réseaux optiques passifs." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT083/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of Passive Optical Networks (PON), operators are looking for innovative solutions to increase aggregated data-rate, split-ratio and reach. Another requirement is that transceivers should be as low-cost as possible. The optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique can improve performance of the transmission in terms of data-rate and reach as compared to classical single-carrier On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation. At the same time, the silicon photonics technology can lower the cost per unit of the transceiver, due to its mass production and E/O integration capabilities. Optical OFDM has already shown its potential using commercially available optical components. However, its use with silicon photonics Directly-Modulated Lasers (DML) and modulators is more challenging. The objective of this work is to study the performance of OFDM -based solutions for future PON, using silicon photonics transmitters. For that purpose, a dedicated simulation platform is developed. The OFDM modem is implemented, as well as models of silicon photonic devices built during this thesis. These models are validated by characterizing physical components available for test. In parallel, an experimental test-bed is developed. The silicon photonics transmitters are benchmarked with commercial-available transmitters for OFDM-based optical systems. For Intensity-Modulated/Directly-Detected (IM/DD) links, the use of optical OFDM with adaptive bit and power loading is proposed to maximize spectral efficiency. Two types of silicon photonics transmitters are considered: directly modulated III/V-on-silicon lasers (experiment) and external optical modulators such as Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) (simulation) and ring-resonator (simulation and experiment). Experimental results show that the hybrid DML can provide more than 10Gbps aggregated data-rate over at least 50km, which is a requirement for future uplink PON (from the subscriber to the central office). For the silicon ring modulator, because of the high coupling loss in and out of the photonic chip, reach was limited to 20km for a data-rate higher than 10Gbps. These are the first experimental demonstrations of OFDM modulation with hybrid III/V-on-silicon lasers and silicon ring-resonator modulator. Besides, simulation results show that reach can be indeed improved up to 100km if the optical signal is amplified or the coupling loss reduced. A modulation technique called Single-Side Band (SSB)-OFDM is known to improve the [bandwidth x reach] product of the link, as compared to IM/DD (Dual-Side Band (DSB)) systems. However, it requires expensive transmitters with several discrete optical components. As silicon photonics technology allows a very high level of integration between different optical components and between electrical and optical devices, a silicon optical IQ modulator enabling ac{SSB}-ac{OFDM} technique is investigated. Simulation results of a study-case reveal that a relatively low optical budget penalty (up to 3dB) of the silicon photonics transmitters as compared to the LiNbO3 modulator is achieved. The solutions presented in this thesis are demonstrated to be compliant with future PON in terms of data-rate, with relatively low bandwidth (<6.25GHz) electronics. This is a great asset for the considered application. The driving voltages required for typical IM/DD systems showed to be closer to what CMOS driving circuitry can provide (about 2Vpp). Recent developments on high-speed digital signal processors and D/A-A/D converters, using CMOS technologies, make optical-OFDM an attractive solution for future PONs as full-Silicon-transmitters could be used
Abel, Stefan. "Dispositifs électro-optiques à base de titanate de baryum épitaxié sur silicium pour la photonique intégrée." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT004/document.
Повний текст джерелаA novel concept of utilizing electro-optical active oxides in silicon photonic devices is developed and realized in the frame of this thesis. The integration of such oxides extends the silicon photonics platform by non-linear materials, which can be used for ultra-fast switching or low-power tuning applications. Barium titanate is used as active material as it shows one of the strongest Pockels coefficients among all oxides. Three major goals are achieved throughout this work: First, thin films of BaTiO3 are epitaxially grown on silicon substrates via molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using thin SrTiO3 buffer layers. A shuttered co-deposition growth technique is developed in order to minimize the formation of defects in the BaTiO3 films by achieving a 1:1 stoichiometry between barium and titanium. The layers show a tetragonal symmetry and are therefore well-suited for electro-optical applications. The orientation of the long c -axis of the BaTiO3 crystal can be tuned to point perpendicular or parallel to the film surface, depending on the growth conditions. In addition, thin MBE-grown seed layers are combined with rf-sputter deposition. With this hybrid growth approach, rather thick ( > 100 nm), epitaxial BaTiO3 layers on silicon substrates are obtained with a commercially available, wide spread deposition technique. As a second goal, a strong Pockels coefficient of reff = 148 pm/V is determined in the epitaxial BaTiO3 films. This first experimental result on the electro-optical activity of BaTiO3 layers on silicon shows a clear enhancement compared to alternative non-linear materials such as lithium niobate with reff = 31 pm/V. By means of the electro-optical characterization method, also the presence of ferroelectricity in the films is demonstrated. Third, the electro-optical active BaTiO3 layers are embedded into silicon photonic devices. For this purpose, a horizontal slot-waveguide structure with a ~50 nm-thick BaTiO3 film sandwiched between two silicon layers is designed. With this design, the optical confinement in the active BaTiO3 layer is enhanced by a factor of 5 compared to Si-waveguide structures with a standard cross section and BaTiO3 as cladding. Straight BaTiO3 slot-waveguides with propagation losses of 50 − 100 dB/cm as well as functional passive devices such as Mach-Zehnder-interferometers, couplers, and ring resonators are experimentally realized. Additionally, first active ring resonators with Q-factors of Q~5000 are fabricated. The physical origin of the observed resonance shift as a function of the applied bias voltage, however, can not be conclusively clarified in the present work. The combination of high-quality, functional BaTiO3 layers with silicon photonic devices as demonstrated in this thesis offers new opportunities by extending the design palette for engineering photonic circuits with the class of electro-opticalactive materials. The integration of oxides such as BaTiO3 enables novel device concepts for tuning, switching, and modulating light in extremely dense photonic circuits. The integration also opens exciting challenges for material scientists to tailor the electro-optical properties of those oxides by strain engineering or fabrication of superlattice structures, which could ultimately lead to another boost of their electro-optical properties
Banniard, Louise. "Capteurs inertiels hautes performances à transduction optique sur silicium." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT059.
Повний текст джерелаHigh performance accelerometers are required in many different domains as sophisticated navigation control systems, research or consumer electronics.A variety of transduction mechanisms has been used to sense the acceleration: capacitive, piezoresistive, thermal... Optomechanical transduction is a promising avenue to realize accelerometers with extremely sensitive readout of mechanical motion with high bandwidth. This also has the advantage of being immune to electromagnetic interferences contrary to the traditional transduction methods.In this work, an optomechanical accelerometer is presented which employs Whispering Gallery Modes disk or ring resonator as displacement sensor. The motion of an inertial mass detunes the resonant cavity and thus modulates the optical power at the output of the sensor.The designs and technological developments of three optomechanical accelerometers are described. We present also the optical and mechanical sensor characterisations. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the potential of an optomechanical approach for high performance accelerometers
Durán, Valdeiglesias Elena. "Study of optical and optoelectronic devices based on carbon nanotubes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS100/document.
Повний текст джерелаSilicon photonics is widely recognized as an enabling technology for next generation optical interconnects. Nevertheless, silicon photonics has to address some important challenges. Si cannot provide efficient light emission or detection in telecommunication wavelength range (1.3μm-1.5μm). Thus sources and detectors are implemented with Ge and III-V compounds. This multi-material approach complicates device fabrication, offsetting the low-cost of Si photonics. Nanomaterials are a promising alternative route for the implementation of faster, cheaper, and smaller transceivers for datacom applications.This thesis is dedicated to the development of active silicon photonics devices based on single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The main goal is to implement the basic building blocks that will pave the route towards a new Si photonics technology where all active devices are implemented with the same technological process based on a low-cost carbon-based material, i.e. SWCNT.Indeed, carbon nanotubes are an interesting solution for nanoelectronics, where they provide high-performance transistors. Semiconducting SWCNT exhibit a direct bandgap that can be tuned all along the near infrared wavelength range just by choosing the right tube diameter. s-SWCNTs provide room-temperature photo- and electro- luminescence and have been demonstrated to yield intrinsic gain, making them an appealing material for the implementation of sources. SWCNTs also present various absorption bands, allowing the realization of photodetectors.The first objective of this thesis was the optimization of the purity of s-SWCNT solutions. A polymer-sorting technique has been developed and optimized, yielding high-purity s-SWCNT solutions. Based on this technique, several solutions have been obtained yielding emission between 1µm and 1.6µm wavelengths.The second objective was the demonstration of efficient interaction of s-SWCNT with silicon photonics structures. Different geometries have been theoretically and experimentally studied, aiming at maximizing the interaction of s-SWCNT with optical modes, exploiting the electric field component transversal to light propagation. An alternative approach to maximize the interaction of s-SWCNT and the longitudinal electric field component of waveguide modes was proposed. Both, a power emission threshold and a linewidth narrowing were observed in several micro disk resonators. These results are a very promising first step to go towards the demonstration of an integrated laser based on CNTs.The third objective was to study optoelectronic SWCNT devices. More specifically, on-chip light emitting diode (LED) and photodetector have been developed, allowing the demonstration of the first optoelectronic link based on s-SWCNT. s-SWCNT-based LED and photodetector were integrated onto a silicon nitride waveguide connecting them and forming an optical link. First photodetectors exhibited a responsivity of 0.1 mA/W, while the complete link yielded photocurrents of 1 nA/V.The last objective of the thesis was to explore the nonlinear properties of s-SWCNT integrated on silicon nitride waveguides. Here, it has been experimentally shown, for the first time, that by choosing the proper s-SWCNT chirality, the sign of the nonlinear Kerr coefficient of hybrid waveguide can be positive or negative. This unique tuning capability opens a new degree of freedom to control nonlinear effects on chip, enabling to compensate or enhancing nonlinear effects for different applications
Pommarede, Xavier. "Circuits photoniques intégrés III-V/Si pour les applications en télécommunications optiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC020/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to follow the new needs in terms of optical bandwidth, optical fiber communications require the elaboration of numerous building blocks: laser, modulator, photo-detector...and their integration with signal processing circuits. This thesis has for objective the conception and caracterisation of various active and passive building blocks using the hybrid III-V/Si technology. These building blocks are then used in photonic integrated circuits (PIC) with all the necessary emission and reception functions. This enables a reduced footprint, a lower power consumption and fabrication cost.After an introduction section, several passive elements are studied in detail in the second part: waveguides, bends, power splitters, waveguide crossings and hybrid 90°. All these designs present good performances compatible with their integration in PICsThe third part treats the problem of wavelength (de)-multiplexing. Three types of device were studied: a demultiplexer based on ring resonators, echelle gratings and arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG). For the echelle gratings, state-of-the-art performances were demonstrated, first on a sample with 16 channels separated 100GHz and on the other hand a sample with 4 channels separated 20nm with a flettened profile. A simulation method for the AWG was presented with experimental and theoretical results to support the method.The last part is about "active" devices and the integration of all the previous designs in PICs. The studied active components are the lasers, semi-conductor optical amplifiers (SOA), electro-absorption modulators (EAM) and finally silicon PN junctions used as phase modulators. Two generations of a tunable laser integrated with an EAM were studied with a transmission at 10Gbit/s over 50km. The next section studied I/Q modulators with an integrated tunable laser source, using either PN silicon junction modulators or EAM with a target speed of 25Gbaud/s.A general conclusion is drawn at the end of the thesis. Short term and mid-term perspectives were also drawn
Neel, Delphine. "Etude en champ proche optique de guides à cristaux photoniques sur SOI." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0090/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBidimensional photonic crystals, composed of a periodic lattice of air holes in a dielectric slab, appear as attractive candidates for the miniaturization of integrated optical circuits at a sub-wavelength scale. This thesis work concerns the near-field optical study of bidimensional photonic crystals devices on SOI, in the near-infrared range (telecom wavelengths 1,2-1,6 micrometer). For the characterization of the components, a scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) was used so as to obtain a local cartography of the electromagnetic field in the structures, with a resolution of about 150 nm. Those field maps allow a better comprehension of the physical phenomena occurring in the structures. Three different optical functionalities were studied: guiding, coupling and demultiplexing. First, light guiding was evidenced in a W1-type linear defect. Bloch waves and standing waves were observed in the guide. Then, the coupling between photonic crystals waveguides and dielectric waveguides, as well as the coupling between photonic crystals waveguides and coupled cavities waveguides, were studied. We show that the utilisation of well-designed tapers increase the transmission coefficient of the structures, through a reduction of the out-of-plane losses. The SNOM allows an accurate measurement of the propagation losses in the coupled cavities. Finally, the conception and the characterization of a 1,3-1,5 micrometer demultiplexer was realized. This demultiplexer uses the principle of a directional coupler
Neel, Delphine Benyattou Taha. "Etude en champ proche optique de guides à cristaux photoniques sur SOI." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=neel.
Повний текст джерелаAllioux, David. "Etude de micro-disques de carbure de silicium sur substrat de silicium, vers une application d’optique non-linéaire intégrée du proche au moyen infrarouge." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI049/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis Ph.D. thesis studies the design, fabrication and characterization of silicon carbide micro-disks on top of silicon designed to operate from the near to the mid-IR. We study a simple but efficient approach leading to the suppression of higher order whispering gallery modes while preserving the fundamental mode's quality factor. This suppression, typically useful for frequency comb generation is simply based of the silicon pillar under etching and can be easily transferred to other material platforms and wavelengths. The first chapter is a general introduction of whispering gallery mode micro-resonator in which we describe the extremely complex and diverse physics of these structures. The second chapter is focused on SiC micro-disks themselves. We begin with a general introduction of the material to continue by simulating light propagation inside these resonators to be able to design innovative structures. Using the higher optical refractive index of silicon compared to the one of silicon carbide, we demonstrate that it is possible to suppress higher radial modes. We then briefly describe the fabrication processes. The third chapter gather the experimental studies lead on the micro-disks. First characterizations by evanescent coupling in the near infrared enable us to identify the whispering gallery modes inside the resonator. Characterization on micro-disks with smaller under-etching then enables us to demonstrate the higher suppression. We finally lead a thermo-optic study of the material to validate its compatibility to high power and high temperature regimes in which SiC stand out from other integrated optics materials. Finally, the last chapter is dedicated to non-linear optics and mid-infrared perspectives. We propose a dispersion study that, we hope, should enable the generation of Kerr frequency combs sources in a near future
Guerber, Sylvain. "Intégration d’un deuxième niveau de guidage photonique par dépôt de SiN au-dessus du SOI traditionnel." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS120/document.
Повний текст джерелаBased on CMOS industry's mature manufacturing processes and large-scale production, silicon photonics technology is a potential solution for inexpensive high-speed optical links for data centers. About ten years ago, a first step was taken with the realization, at an industrial scale, of transmitters/receivers with data rates up to 100Gb/s. However, it seems that even higher speeds (typically 200 or 400Gb/s) will soon be needed. Unfortunately, the technical limitations of this first generation of photonic circuits suggest that it will be difficult to make efficient multiplexers (MUX / DEMUX), which form the basis of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) solutions designed to meet this new bandwidth demand. Moreover, a diversification of the applications of integrated photonics is ongoing for a few years, which also seems difficult to satisfy given the performance of current technology. The thesis work presented in this manuscript yielded from this context. The studied solution is based on the integration of a second optical layer whose properties are complementary to those of the silicon circuit. This forms an integrated optical platform which can be efficient whatever the function to be performed. A monolithic integration scheme is chosen leveraging the low cost and manufacturing capability of CMOS industry. Silicon nitride (SiN), with a reduced index contrast and a low thermo-optical coefficient, is an interesting candidate for the realization of this second photonic circuit. Indeed, those properties are perfectly complementary to the silicon ones, and particularly adapted to the realization of MUX/DEMUX. Moreover, SiN is a well-known material of CMOS electronics. The first objective of this thesis was to develop the integration scheme of the second optical circuit within ST Microelectronics PIC50G photonic technology. Once all the fabrication steps validated, the development of photonic devices could begin. It starts with several kinds of optical waveguides, among which rib-type demonstrated propagation losses below 0.2dB/cm at 1300nm, but also various elementary components: transitions between waveguides, fiber/chip coupler, waveguide termination, parasitic signals filters and power splitters/combiners. A statistic characterization of the optical transition between Si and SiN circuits reveal insertion losses below 0,3dB from 1270nm to 1330nm, confirming the stability of this critical device. Special attention was paid to the polarization management within the SiN circuit. Polarization splitters and rotators were developed showing comparable performances with Si devices state of the art. An exhaustive study about the realization of SiN MUX/DEMUX was also carried out. Arrayed waveguide gratings especially show good performances: thermal drift < 12pm/°C, low polarization sensitivity, insertion loss <1dB, crosstalk level < -30dB, up to twelve channels, -1dB bandwidth >11nm. To conclude this work, a four channel WDM transmitter/receiver was designed in order to demonstrate the interest of this hybrid Si/SiN platform, its currently waiting for characterization. Finally, a study of the nonlinear properties of SiN demonstrated the generation of a third harmonic optical signal from UV to visible and the generation of a supercontinuum spanning from 425nm to 1660nm, paving the way to new applications
Prost, Mathias. "Injection électrique pour un laser en germanium contraint." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112027/document.
Повний текст джерелаTensile strained and n-doped germanium can be used as an active material for the realization of an optical source for silicon photonics. I have investigated electroluminescence of device as a function of tensile strain and n-doping. For that, I have performed modeling of the carrier transport through double heterostructures to obtain population inversion in the germanium layer. An operating point that reduces by two orders of magnitude the population inversion current threshold has been evidenced. For a germanium layer doped at 4×〖10〗^19 cm-3 with a 0.9% biaxial strain, the current density threshold could be reduced below the 10 kA/cm2 range. The germanium interface properties are critical. To experimentally investigate electroluminescence in germanium, I had to establish different methods of carrier injection to offer an alternative to the double heterostructure p-GaAs/n-Ge/n-GaAs. We first propose to use a Schottky heterostructure to inject carriers in n-doped germanium. We show that carrier injection and electroluminescence devices can be optimized by depositing a thin interfacial oxide layer on top of n-doped germanium. We have also developed an approach to form SiGe layers on germanium by epitaxial laser induced annealing in order to obtain a double heterostructure. I have developed several clean room processes to fabricate germanium cavities which can combine electrical injection and strain transfer, including waveguides and micropilars structures. We show that a biaxial tensile strain up to 0.72% can be transferred in micropilar cavities under electrical pumping. The evaluation of strain level was confronted to finite element simulations of mechanical deformation, taking into account the electrical carrier injection
Abraham, Alexis. "Développement de modulateurs optiques sur silicium à faible consommation énergétique pour les prochaines générations d'interconnexions optiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS338/document.
Повний текст джерелаWith the outstanding development of the internet, it is expected that global network traffic will grow exponentially, as well as the concern about the need for high-speed links and interconnections. To address these issues, it is then essential to propose performant systems that will support high speed transmission with low power consumption. Silicon photonics is a promising solution and integrate complex optical functions in a silicon chip, by using standard fabrication process used in microelectronic. In this context, the subject of my PhD is focused on the optical modulator which should support high speed transmission, have low optical losses, and have low power consumption. To obtain these constraints, several parameters need to be optimized while taking account fabrication constraints in order to find the best compromise between the different figures of merit. During this PhD, the improvement of the performances of the component was made by three different ways. The first optimization is related to the simulations for the current technology of modulators based on PN junctions. By integrating the fabrication process in the optimization process, more reliable numerical results are obtain. The key point of this study is the comparison of experimental characterizations and numerical simulations of two architectures of modulator. A substantial part of the PhD was also focused on the development of new modulators based on vertical capacitive junctions. The use of dedicated numerical tools reveals several key aspects of these components, and allow us to optimize two different architectures in order to obtain high efficient modulator. A new fabrication process has been established, and several information were extracted from the first run of fabrication. Then, a comparative study between most of modulators reviewed during this PhD was performed. The results allow us to determine which configuration has the best performances depending of the targeted application. In addition, a compact model was generated to optimize the component in a reduced simulation time
Noé, Pierre-Olivier. "Elaboration et caractérisation de matériaux nanostructurés à base de silicium comme source de lumière pour la photonique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENY006.
Повний текст джерелаSilicon is known as a poor light emitter due to its indirect band gap. Various strategies have been developed to overcome its poor emission efficiency since it is the material of choice for photonics. In this manuscript are detailed the elaboration and characterization of original silicon-based materials in order to propose alternatives solutions to improve Si light emission properties. This work is divided in 4 parts with a first one describing the state of the art of light emission in Si and the basics of recombination mechanisms in Si. A second part focuses on the elaboration and study of electroluminescent devices based on bulk Si with a buried dislocation network at a PN junction obtained by wafer bonding. The light emission near 1.1 and 1.5 µm (1.1 and 0.8 eV) is attributed to the recombination of carriers on trap states induced by boron and oxide precipitates in the vicinity of dislocations (E^phonon_Bore near 1.1eV and Dp~0.8eV) and defects traps at the intersection of the square network of screw dislocations (D1~0.8eV). In a third part is showed the elaboration and the optical properties of Er3+ ions coupled with Si nanostructures in Si-Rich Silicon Oxide (SRO) thin films obtained by co-evaporation of SiO and Er. We demonstrate the efficient indirect excitation of Er at 1.5 µm with high effective cross sections between 2x10-16 cm2 and 5x10-15 cm2 as a function of the excitation flux and the elaboration parameters. The main result is the drastic decrease of the number of Er3+ emitting ions coupled to Si with the annealing temperature. EXAFS experiments revealed that this behavior is correlated with the evolution of the local chemical order around Er atoms. In a last part is presented the elaboration of Si nanostructures based on core-shell Si/SiO2 nanowires. These core-shell structures are obtained by three different methods. Core-shell nanowires obtained by oxide deposition on the surface of CVD Au-catalyzed Si nanowires exhibit an efficient room temperature emission around 500 nm due to the recombination of photo generated carriers in defects states in the oxide layer and at the Si/SiO2 interface. The collected PL intensity is more than one order of magnitude higher than similar SiO2 thin films deposited on Si substrates. Moreover, the passivation of CVD-growth Si nanowires by a thermal oxidation procedure allows neutralizing the surface states which are predominant in such structures. As a result, the measurement of surface recombination velocities seems to indicate that such passivated nanowires present similar volume electronic properties than standard microelectronic bulk Si. Finally, a new method for the elaboration of in situ core-shell Si/SiO2 nanowires based on the evaporation of a solid SiO source with Au and Cu as catalysts is presented. The Au-catalyzed growth occurs in the VLS mode (Vapor-Liquid-Solid like in CVD-growth) leading to the growth of nanowires with a crystalline Si core surrounded by an amorphous oxide shell. But Cu-catalyzed nanowires growth seems to appear preferentially at lower temperatures in the VSS (Vapour-Solid-Solid) mode explaining why these nanowiress exhibit a high density of crystalline defects in the Si core compared to Au-catalyzed wires