Статті в журналах: "Photonics, Nanostructures"

1

Yang, Ming, Xiaohua Chen, Zidong Wang, Yuzhi Zhu, Shiwei Pan, Kaixuan Chen, Yanlin Wang, and Jiaqi Zheng. "Zero→Two-Dimensional Metal Nanostructures: An Overview on Methods of Preparation, Characterization, Properties, and Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11081895.

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Metal nanostructured materials, with many excellent and unique physical and mechanical properties compared to macroscopic bulk materials, have been widely used in the fields of electronics, bioimaging, sensing, photonics, biomimetic biology, information, and energy storage. It is worthy of noting that most of these applications require the use of nanostructured metals with specific controlled properties, which are significantly dependent on a series of physical parameters of its characteristic size, geometry, composition, and structure. Therefore, research on low-cost preparation of metal nanostructures and controlling of their characteristic sizes and geometric shapes are the keys to their development in different application fields. The preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, and application progress of metallic nanostructures are reviewed, and the methods for characterizing metal nanostructures are summarized. Finally, the future development of metallic nanostructure materials is explored.

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2

Chin, Lip Ket, Yuzhi Shi, and Ai-Qun Liu. "Optical Forces in Silicon Nanophotonics and Optomechanical Systems: Science and Applications." Advanced Devices & Instrumentation 2020 (October 26, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/1964015.

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Light-matter interactions have been explored for more than 40 years to achieve physical modulation of nanostructures or the manipulation of nanoparticle/biomolecule. Silicon photonics is a mature technology with standard fabrication techniques to fabricate micro- and nano-sized structures with a wide range of material properties (silicon oxides, silicon nitrides, p- and n-doping, etc.), high dielectric properties, high integration compatibility, and high biocompatibilities. Owing to these superior characteristics, silicon photonics is a promising approach to demonstrate optical force-based integrated devices and systems for practical applications. In this paper, we provide an overview of optical force in silicon nanophotonic and optomechanical systems and their latest technological development. First, we discuss various types of optical forces in light-matter interactions from particles or nanostructures. We then present particle manipulation in silicon nanophotonics and highlight its applications in biological and biomedical fields. Next, we discuss nanostructure mechanical modulation in silicon optomechanical devices, presenting their applications in photonic network, quantum physics, phonon manipulation, physical sensors, etc. Finally, we discuss the future perspective of optical force-based integrated silicon photonics.

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3

Torres-Costa, Vicente. "Nanostructures for Photonics and Optoelectronics." Nanomaterials 12, no. 11 (May 26, 2022): 1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12111820.

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As microelectronic technology approaches the limit of what can be achieved in terms of speed and integration level, there is an increasing interest in moving from electronics to photonics, where photons and light beams replace electrons and electrical currents, which will result in higher processing speeds and lower power consumption [...]

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4

Aseev, Aleksander Leonidovich, Alexander Vasilevich Latyshev, and Anatoliy Vasilevich Dvurechenskii. "Semiconductor Nanostructures for Modern Electronics." Solid State Phenomena 310 (September 2020): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.310.65.

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Modern electronics is based on semiconductor nanostructures in practically all main parts: from microprocessor circuits and memory elements to high frequency and light-emitting devices, sensors and photovoltaic cells. Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) with ultimately low gate length in the order of tens of nanometers and less is nowadays one of the basic elements of microprocessors and modern electron memory chips. Principally new physical peculiarities of semiconductor nanostructures are related to quantum effects like tunneling of charge carriers, controlled changing of energy band structure, quantization of energy spectrum of a charge carrier and a pronounced spin-related phenomena. Superposition of quantum states and formation of entangled states of photons offers new opportunities for the realization of quantum bits, development of nanoscale systems for quantum cryptography and quantum computing. Advanced growth techniques such as molecular beam epitaxy and chemical vapour epitaxy, atomic layer deposition as well as optical, electron and probe nanolithography for nanostructure fabrication have been widely used. Nanostructure characterization is performed using nanometer resolution tools including high-resolution, reflection and scanning electron microscopy as well as scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy. Quantum properties of semiconductor nanostructures have been evaluated from precise electrical and optical measurements. Modern concepts of various semiconductor devices in electronics and photonics including single-photon emitters, memory elements, photodetectors and highly sensitive biosensors are developed very intensively. The perspectives of nanostructured materials for the creation of a new generation of universal memory and neuromorphic computing elements are under lively discussion. This paper is devoted to a brief description of current achievements in the investigation and modeling of single-electron and single-photon phenomena in semiconductor nanostructures, as well as in the fabrication of a new generation of elements for micro-, nano, optoelectronics and quantum devices.

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5

Koshelev, Kirill, Gael Favraud, Andrey Bogdanov, Yuri Kivshar, and Andrea Fratalocchi. "Nonradiating photonics with resonant dielectric nanostructures." Nanophotonics 8, no. 5 (March 27, 2019): 725–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0024.

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AbstractNonradiating sources of energy have traditionally been studied in quantum mechanics and astrophysics but have received very little attention in the photonics community. This situation has changed recently due to a number of pioneering theoretical studies and remarkable experimental demonstrations of the exotic states of light in dielectric resonant photonic structures and metasurfaces, with the possibility to localize efficiently the electromagnetic fields of high intensities within small volumes of matter. These recent advances underpin novel concepts in nanophotonics and provide a promising pathway to overcome the problem of losses usually associated with metals and plasmonic materials for the efficient control of light-matter interaction at the nanoscale. This review paper provides a general background and several snapshots of the recent results in this young yet prominent research field, focusing on two types of nonradiating states of light that both have been recently at the center of many studies in all-dielectric resonant meta-optics and metasurfaces: optical anapoles and photonic bound states in the continuum. We discuss a brief history of these states in optics, as well as their underlying physics and manifestations, and also emphasize their differences and similarities. We also review some applications of such novel photonic states in both linear and nonlinear optics for the nanoscale field enhancement, a design of novel dielectric structures with high-Q resonances, nonlinear wave mixing, and enhanced harmonic generation, as well as advanced concepts for lasing and optical neural networks.

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6

Erb, Denise J., Kai Schlage, and Ralf Röhlsberger. "Uniform metal nanostructures with long-range order via three-step hierarchical self-assembly." Science Advances 1, no. 10 (November 2015): e1500751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500751.

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Large-scale nanopatterning is a major issue in nanoscience and nanotechnology, but conventional top-down approaches are challenging because of instrumentation and process complexity while often lacking the desired spatial resolution. We present a hierarchical bottom-up nanopatterning routine using exclusively self-assembly processes: By combining crystal surface reconstruction, microphase separation of copolymers, and selective metal diffusion, we produce monodisperse metal nanostructures in highly regular arrays covering areas of square centimeters. In situ grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering during Fe nanostructure formation evidences an outstanding structural order in the self-assembling system and hints at the possibility of sculpting nanostructures using external process parameters. Thus, we demonstrate that bottom-up nanopatterning is a competitive alternative to top-down routines, achieving comparable pattern regularity, feature size, and patterned areas with considerably reduced effort. Intriguing assets of the proposed fabrication approach include the option for in situ investigations during pattern formation, the possibility of customizing the nanostructure morphology, the capacity to pattern arbitrarily large areas with ultrahigh structure densities unachievable by top-down approaches, and the potential to address the nanostructures individually. Numerous applications of self-assembled nanostructure patterns can be envisioned, for example, in high-density magnetic data storage, in functional nanostructured materials for photonics or catalysis, or in surface plasmon resonance–based sensing.

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7

Alfimov, M. V. "Photonics of supramolecular nanostructures." Russian Chemical Bulletin 53, no. 7 (July 2004): 1357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:rucb.0000046232.92572.e1.

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8

Bettotti, P., M. Cazzanelli, L. Dal Negro, B. Danese, Z. Gaburro, C. J. Oton, G. Vijaya Prakash, and L. Pavesi. "Silicon nanostructures for photonics." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 14, no. 35 (August 22, 2002): 8253–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/14/35/305.

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9

Busch, K., G. von Freymann, S. Linden, S. F. Mingaleev, L. Tkeshelashvili, and M. Wegener. "Periodic nanostructures for photonics." Physics Reports 444, no. 3-6 (June 2007): 101–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2007.02.011.

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10

De Tommasi, E., E. Esposito, S. Romano, A. Crescitelli, V. Di Meo, V. Mocella, G. Zito, and I. Rendina. "Frontiers of light manipulation in natural, metallic, and dielectric nanostructures." La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento 44, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40766-021-00015-w.

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AbstractThe ability to control light at the nanoscale is at the basis of contemporary photonics and plasmonics. In particular, properly engineered periodic nanostructures not only allow the inhibition of propagation of light at specific spectral ranges or its confinement in nanocavities or waveguides, but make also possible field enhancement effects in vibrational, Raman, infrared and fluorescence spectroscopies, paving the way to the development of novel high-performance optical sensors. All these devices find an impressive analogy in nearly-periodic photonic nanostructures present in several plants, animals and algae, which can represent a source of inspiration in the development and optimization of new artificial nano-optical systems. Here we present the main properties and applications of cutting-edge nanostructures starting from several examples of natural photonic architectures, up to the most recent technologies based on metallic and dielectric metasurfaces.

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11

von Freymann, Georg, Alexandra Ledermann, Michael Thiel, Isabelle Staude, Sabine Essig, Kurt Busch, and Martin Wegener. "Three-Dimensional Nanostructures for Photonics." Advanced Functional Materials 20, no. 7 (March 29, 2010): 1038–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200901838.

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12

Manoccio, Mariachiara, Marco Esposito, Adriana Passaseo, Massimo Cuscunà, and Vittorianna Tasco. "Focused Ion Beam Processing for 3D Chiral Photonics Nanostructures." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010006.

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The focused ion beam (FIB) is a powerful piece of technology which has enabled scientific and technological advances in the realization and study of micro- and nano-systems in many research areas, such as nanotechnology, material science, and the microelectronic industry. Recently, its applications have been extended to the photonics field, owing to the possibility of developing systems with complex shapes, including 3D chiral shapes. Indeed, micro-/nano-structured elements with precise geometrical features at the nanoscale can be realized by FIB processing, with sizes that can be tailored in order to tune optical responses over a broad spectral region. In this review, we give an overview of recent efforts in this field which have involved FIB processing as a nanofabrication tool for photonics applications. In particular, we focus on FIB-induced deposition and FIB milling, employed to build 3D nanostructures and metasurfaces exhibiting intrinsic chirality. We describe the fabrication strategies present in the literature and the chiro-optical behavior of the developed structures. The achieved results pave the way for the creation of novel and advanced nanophotonic devices for many fields of application, ranging from polarization control to integration in photonic circuits to subwavelength imaging.

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13

Priolo, Francesco, Tom Gregorkiewicz, Matteo Galli, and Thomas F. Krauss. "Silicon nanostructures for photonics and photovoltaics." Nature Nanotechnology 9, no. 1 (January 2014): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.271.

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14

Boztug, Cicek, José R. Sánchez-Pérez, Francesca Cavallo, Max G. Lagally, and Roberto Paiella. "Strained-Germanium Nanostructures for Infrared Photonics." ACS Nano 8, no. 4 (March 13, 2014): 3136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn404739b.

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15

Simon, Peter, Jürgen Ihlemann, and Jörn Bonse. "Editorial: Special Issue “Laser-Generated Periodic Nanostructures”." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 2054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082054.

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16

Verevkina, Ksenia, Ilya Verevkin, and Valeriy Yatsyshen. "Optical Diagnostics of Defects in Laminated Periodic Nanostructures." NBI Technologies, no. 1 (March 2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nbit.jvolsu.2022.1.4.

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The purpose of this work is to study the features of the properties of a plane wave incident on a layered and periodic medium with an embedded defective layer. The relevance of the study of photonic crystals is due to the fact that this area of modern materials science is widely developing in the world of science. A confirmation of the large growth in development is the specificity of the versatile application and implementation of photonic crystals. For example, it becomes possible to create digital computing devices based on photonics. The possibility of creating new types of lasers with the lowest lasing threshold, high-efficiency LEDs, optical switches, and light guides is also not ruled out. The uniqueness of photonic crystals lies in their structure, the properties of which have a periodic change in the refractive index. These crystals, due to their peculiarity, do not transmit light with a wavelength comparable to the time of the crystal structure, since they remain transparent for a wide range of electrical radiation. Formulas for the energy reflection and transmission coefficients for layered, periodic media are derived and calculated. A basic component of a computer program for calculating the reflection and transmission coefficients of layered nanostructures has been developed. An analysis was made of an interstitial layer, in this case a defect, in a periodic layered structure such as a photonic crystal.

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17

Kamalieva, A. N., N. A. Toropov, T. A. Vartanyan, M. A. Baranov, P. S. Parfenov, K. V. Bogdanov, Y. A. Zharova, and V. A. Tolmachev. "Fabrication of silicon nanostructures for application in photonics." Физика и техника полупроводников 52, no. 5 (2018): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2018.05.45862.51.

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AbstractSilicon is the primary material of modern electronics. It also possesses bright potentials for applications in nanophotonics. At the same time optical properties of bulk silicon do not fully satisfy requirements imposed on them. Fortunately, properties of silicon nanostructures strongly depend on their shapes and sizes. In this regard, of special interest is the development of fabrication and post-processing methods of silicon nanostructures. In this contribution we propose a method for silicon nanostructures fabrication combining the technique of high-vacuum deposition with metal-assisted chemical etching. SEM images as well as ellipsometry, Raman scattering and optical spectroscopy data prove that the desired structural changes were obtained.

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18

Zhou, W. L., L. Xu, C. Frommen, R. H. Baughman, A. A. Zakhidov, L. Malkinski, and J. B. Wiley. "Inverse Porous Nickel Nanostructures From Opal Membrane Templates." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600032773.

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Currently there is a strong interest in fabricating nanoporous metal arrays using various template methods. Porous opal membranes of close-packed silica beads, for example, have a unique template structure due to their tetrahedral and octahedral interstices. Such structures can be infiltrated with a variety of materials, especially metals, to form continuous inverse networks. Interest in these forms comes from their potential application in a variety of areas including photonics, magnetics, catalysis, and thermoelectrics. In this paper, we present electron microscopy characterization of inverse nickel photonic materials prepared by electrodeposition method.Electrodes were formed from opal pieces (typically 7 x 10 x 1.5 mm with silica spheres about 300 nm) by first depositing about 0.5 micron thick copper films on one side of the piece with magnetron sputtering. A length of wire was then attached to the copper backing with silver paste.

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19

Danesi, Stefano, and Ivano Alessandri. "Using optical resonances to control heat generation and propagation in silicon nanostructures." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 22 (2019): 11724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp07573e.

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20

Bimberg, Dieter. "Semiconductor nanostructures for flying q-bits and green photonics." Nanophotonics 7, no. 7 (May 28, 2018): 1245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0021.

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AbstractBreakthroughs in nanomaterials and nanoscience enable the development of novel photonic devices and systems ranging from the automotive sector, quantum cryptography to metropolitan area and access networks. Geometrical architecture presents a design parameter of device properties. Self-organization at surfaces in strained heterostructures drives the formation of quantum dots (QDs). Embedding QDs in photonic and electronic devices enables novel functionalities, advanced energy efficient communication, cyber security, or lighting systems. The recombination of excitons shows twofold degeneracy and Lorentzian broadening. The superposition of millions of excitonic recombinations from QDs in real devices leads to a Gaussian envelope. The material gain of QDs in lasers is orders of magnitude larger than that of bulk material and decoupled from the index of refraction, controlled by the properties of the carrier reservoir, thus enabling independent gain and index modulation. The threshold current density of QD lasers is lowest of all injection lasers, is less sensitive to defect generation, and does not depend on temperature below 80°C. QD lasers are hardly sensitive to back reflections and exhibit no filamentation. The recombination from single QDs inserted in light emitting diodes with current confining oxide apertures shows polarized single photons. Emission of ps pulses and date rates of 1010+bit upon direct modulation benefits from gain recovery within femtoseconds. Repetition rates of several 100 GHz were demonstrated upon mode-locking. Passively mode-locked QD lasers generate hat-like frequency combs, enabling Terabit data transmission. QD-based semiconductor optical amplifiers enable multi-wavelength amplification and switching and support multiple modulation formats.

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21

Kulchin, Yurii N. "The photonics of self-organizing biomineral nanostructures." Physics-Uspekhi 54, no. 8 (August 31, 2011): 858–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufne.0181.201108i.0891.

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22

Gu, Zhiyong. "Book Review: Nanostructures in Electronics and Photonics." Journal of Nanophotonics 3, no. 1 (August 1, 2009): 030204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3227828.

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23

Kulchin, Yu N. "The photonics of self-organizing biomineral nanostructures." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 181, no. 8 (2011): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0181.201108i.0891.

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24

AMIN, RASHID, SOYEON KIM, SUNG HA PARK, and THOMAS HENRY LABEAN. "ARTIFICIALLY DESIGNED DNA NANOSTRUCTURES." Nano 04, no. 03 (June 2009): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292009001666.

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In the field of structural DNA nanotechnology, researchers create artificial DNA sequences to self-assemble into target molecular superstructures and nanostructures. The well-understood Watson–Crick base-pairing rules are used to encode assembly instructions directly into the DNA molecules. A wide variety of complex nanostructures has been created using this method. DNA directed self-assembly is now being adapted for use in the nanofabrication of functional structures for use in electronics, photonics, and medical applications.

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25

von Freymann, Georg, Alexandra Ledermann, Michael Thiel, Isabelle Staude, Sabine Essig, Kurt Busch, and Martin Wegener. "Photonic Crystals: Three-Dimensional Nanostructures for Photonics (Adv. Funct. Mater. 7/2010)." Advanced Functional Materials 20, no. 7 (March 29, 2010): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201090022.

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26

Brehm, Moritz. "(Invited) Light-Emitting Devices Based on Defect-Enhanced Group-IV Nanostructures." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 20 (July 7, 2022): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01201080mtgabs.

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Combining Si-based integrated optics with Si-based microelectronics is crucial for next-generation applications ranging from data transfer on short distances to sensing and, potentially, to quantum cryptography at telecom wavelengths. However, Si's intrinsically poor light-emitting properties, i.e., its indirect energy bandgap, inhibit a straightforward implementation of telecom devices such as light-emitting diodes and lasers operating at room temperature. We argue that adding Ge heterostructures, nanostructures, intentionally-induced defects, and defects within nanostructures to the Si platform can be a viable way to overcome the limitations of Si as a light-emitting material [1]. Significant progress for light-emission from group-IV nanostructures can be achieved by intentionally incorporating extended point defects inside the QDs upon in-situ low-energy ion implantation [2],[3]. This work discusses the superior light-emission properties from such defect-enhanced quantum dots (DEQDs) and our present understanding of their structural formation and light-emission mechanisms [4], indicating that optically direct recombination paths play a role in room-temperature light emission. As compared to other group-IV systems with pronounced optical emission, contact doping and hence fabrication of electrically driven devices is relatively straightforward in this nanosystem since DEQDs are embedded into a defect-free Si matrix [5],[6]. We show that useful electrically driven devices, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), can be fabricated employing optically active DEQD material. These LEDs exhibit exceptional temperature stability of their light-emission properties even up to 100°C, unprecedented for purely group-IV-based optoelectronic devices [7]. We discuss the role of vital parameters, such as the temperature stability of the structural properties [8],[9], the scalability of the light-emission with the nanostructure density [6], and passivation schemes to further improve the optical properties [8],[10]. Additionally, we elaborate on schemes for advanced layouts for electrically-pumped devices. References [1 ] M. Brehm, Silicon Photonics IV, 67-103, Silicon Photonics IV: Innovative Frontiers, edited by David J. Lockwood and Lorenzo Pavesi, Springer series Topics in Applied Physics (2021). [2] M. Grydlik et al., ACS Photonics 3, 298–303 (2016). [3] M. Grydlik et al., Nano Lett. 16, 6802–6807 (2016). [4] F. Murphy-Armando et al., Phys. Rev. B 103, 085310 (2021). [5] M. Brehm and M. Grydlik, Nanotechnology 28, 392001 (2017). [6] H. Groiss et al., Semicond. Sci. Technol. 32, 02LT01 (2017). [7] P. Rauter et al., ACS Photonics 5, 431-438 (2018). [8] L. Spindlberger et al., Crystals 10, 351 (2020). [9] L. Spindlberger et al., Physica Status Solidi (a) 216, 1900307 (2019). [10] L. Spindlberger et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 083104 (2021).

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27

Reznik, R. R., K. P. Kotlyar, V. O. Gridchin, I. V. Ilkiv, A. I. Khrebtov, Yu B. Samsonenko, I. P. Soshnikov, et al. "III-V nanostructures with different dimensionality on silicon." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2103, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2103/1/012121.

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Abstract The possibility of AlGaAs nanowires with GaAs quantum dots and InP nanowires with InAsP quantum dots growth by molecular-beam epitaxy on silicon substrates has been demonstrated. Results of GaAs quantum dots optical properties studies have shown that these objects are sources of single photons. In case of InP nanowires with InAsP quantum dots, the results we obtained indicate that nearly 100% of coherent nanowires can be formed with high optical quality of this system on a silicon surface. The presence of a band with maximum emission intensity near 1.3 μm makes it possible to consider the given system promising for further integration of optical elements on silicon platform with fiber-optic systems. Our work, therefore, opens new prospects for integration of direct bandgap semiconductors and singlephoton sources on silicon platform for various applications in the fields of silicon photonics and quantum information technology.

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Caruana, Liam, Thomas Nommensen, Toan Dinh, Dennis Tran, and Robert McCormick. "Photovoltaic Cell: Optimum Photon Utilisation." PAM Review Energy Science & Technology 3 (June 7, 2016): 64–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/pamr.v3i0.1409.

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In the 21st century, global energy consumption has increased exponentially and hence, sustainable energy sources are essential to accommodate for this. Advancements within photovoltaics, in regards to light trapping, has demonstrated to be a promising field of dramatically improving the efficiency of solar cells. This improvement is done by using different nanostructures, which enables solar cells to use the light spectrum emitted more efficiently. The purpose of this meta study is to investigate irreversible entropic losses related to light trapping. In this respect, the observation is aimed at how nanostructures on a silicon substrate captures high energy incident photons. Furthermore, different types of nanostructures are then investigated and compared, using the étendue ratio during light trapping. It is predicted that étendue mismatching is a parasitic entropy generation variable, and that the matching has an effect on the open circuit voltage of the solar cell. Although solar cells do have their limiting efficiencies, according to the Shockley-Queisser theory and Yablonovitch limit, with careful engineering and manufacturing practices, these irreversible entropic losses could be minimized. Further research in energy losses, due to entropy generation, may guide nanostructures and photonics in exceeding past these limits.Keywords: Photovoltaic cell; Shockley-Queisser; Solar cell nanostructures; Solar cell intrinsic and extrinsic losses; entropy; étendue; light trapping; Shockley Queisser; Geometry; Meta-study

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29

Bisadi, Z., P. Cortelletti, A. Zanzi, C. Piotto, G. Fontana, P. Bettotti, M. Scarpa, and L. Pavesi. "(Invited) Silicon Nanostructures: A Versatile Material for Photonics." ECS Transactions 72, no. 34 (September 21, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/07234.0001ecst.

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30

Kamalieva, A. N., N. A. Toropov, T. A. Vartanyan, M. A. Baranov, P. S. Parfenov, K. V. Bogdanov, Y. A. Zharova, and V. A. Tolmachev. "Fabrication of Silicon Nanostructures for Application in Photonics." Semiconductors 52, no. 5 (April 17, 2018): 632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063782618050135.

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31

Schulz, U., P. Munzert, F. Rickelt, and N. Kaiser. "Breakthroughs in Photonics 2013: Organic Nanostructures for Antireflection." IEEE Photonics Journal 6, no. 2 (April 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2014.2311432.

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32

Dal Negro, L., and S. V. Boriskina. "Deterministic aperiodic nanostructures for photonics and plasmonics applications." Laser & Photonics Reviews 6, no. 2 (July 6, 2011): 178–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201000046.

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33

Karvounis, Artemios, Flavia Timpu, Viola V. Vogler‐Neuling, Romolo Savo, and Rachel Grange. "Barium Titanate Nanostructures and Thin Films for Photonics." Advanced Optical Materials 8, no. 24 (November 5, 2020): 2001249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.202001249.

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34

Shen, Shaohua, and Samuel S. Mao. "Nanostructure designs for effective solar-to-hydrogen conversion." Nanophotonics 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2012): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2012-0010.

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AbstractConversion of energy from photons in sunlight to hydrogen through solar splitting of water is an important technology. The rising significance of producing hydrogen from solar light via water splitting has motivated a surge of developing semiconductor solar-active nanostructures as photocatalysts and photoelectrodes. Traditional strategies have been developed to enhance solar light absorption (e.g., ion doping, solid solution, narrow-band-gap semiconductor or dye sensitization) and improve charge separation/transport to prompt surface reaction kinetics (e.g., semiconductor combination, co-catalyst loading, nanostructure design) for better utilizing solar energy. However, the solar-to-hydrogen efficiency is still limited. This article provides an overview of recently demonstrated novel concepts of nanostructure designs for efficient solar hydrogen conversion, which include surface engineering, novel nanostructured heterojunctions, and photonic crystals. Those first results outlined in the main text encouragingly point out the prominence and promise of these new concepts principled for designing high-efficiency electronic and photonic nanostructures that could serve for sustainable solar hydrogen production.

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35

Vona, Danilo, Marco Lo Presti, Stefania Roberta Cicco, Fabio Palumbo, Roberta Ragni та Gianluca Maria Farinola. "Light emitting silica nanostructures by surface functionalization of diatom algae shells with a triethoxysilane-functionalized π-conjugated fluorophore". MRS Advances 1, № 57 (22 грудня 2015): 3817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2015.21.

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ABSTRACTThe functionalization of biosilica shells (frustules) of diatoms microalgae with a tailored luminescent molecule is a convenient, scalable and biotechnological approach for obtaining new light emitting silica nanostructures with promising applications in photonics. In particular, here we report the synthesis of a red emitting organic fluorophore and its covalent linking to the surface of mesoporous biosilica extracted from Thalassiosira weissflogii diatoms cultured in our laboratories. The organic dye has a conjugated skeleton composed of thienyl, benzothiadiazolyl and phenyl units and a peripheral triethoxysilyl group which enables its stable binding onto the frustules surface. The protocol to extract the biosilica shells from living diatoms preserving their natural ornate nanostructured morphology is also discussed.

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36

Li, Jiafang, and Zhiguang Liu. "Focused-ion-beam-based nano-kirigami: from art to photonics." Nanophotonics 7, no. 10 (September 19, 2018): 1637–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0117.

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AbstractKirigami, i.e. the cutting and folding of flat objects to create versatile shapes, is one of the most traditional Chinese arts that has been widely used in window decorations, gift cards, festivals, and various ceremonies, and has recently found intriguing applications in modern sciences and technologies. In this article, we review the newly developed focused-ion-beam-based nanoscale kirigami, named nano-kirigami, as a powerful three-dimensional (3D) nanofabrication technique. By utilizing the topography-guided stress equilibrium induced by ion-beam irradiation on a free-standing gold nanofilm, versatile 3D shape transformations such as upward buckling, downward bending, complex rotation, and twisting of nanostructures are precisely achieved. It is shown that the generated 3D nanostructures possess exceptional geometries and promising photonic functionalities, including strongly interacting multiple Fano resonances, giant optical chirality, clear photonic spin Hall effects, and diffractive phase/polarization effects. The studies of such structures can build up novel platforms for versatile manufacturing techniques and be helpful to establish new areas in plasmonics, nanophotonics, optomechanics, MEMS/NEMS, etc., with the generation of exotic but functional nanostructures.

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37

Lo Presti, M., R. Ragni, D. Vona, G. Leone, S. Cicco, and G. M. Farinola. "In vivo doped biosilica from living Thalassiosira weissflogii diatoms with a triethoxysilyl functionalized red emitting fluorophore." MRS Advances 3, no. 27 (2018): 1509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.60.

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ABSTRACTDiatoms microalgae represent a natural source of highly porous biosilica shells (frustules) with promising applications in a wide range of technological fields. Functionalization of diatoms’ frustules with tailored luminescent molecules can be envisaged as a convenient, scalable biotechnological route to new light emitting silica nanostructured materials. Here we report a straightforward protocol for the in vivo modification of Thalassiosira weissflogii diatoms’ frustules with a red emitting organic dye based on thienyl, benzothiadiazolyl and phenyl units. The metabolic insertion of the dye molecules into the diatoms shells, combined with an acidic-oxidative isolation protocol of the resulting dye stained biosilica, represents a novel strategy to develop highly porous luminescent biosilica nanostructures with promising applications in photonics.

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38

Yatsyshen, Valeriy, Kseniya Verevkina, and Anton Popov. "Calculation of the Energy Coefficients of Reflection and Transmission for the Layered Periodic Media." NBI Technologies, no. 3 (February 2020): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nbit.jvolsu.2019.3.6.

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Currently, much attention is paid to the study of photonic crystals – materials with an ordered structure characterized by a strictly periodic change in the refractive index at scales comparable to the wavelengths of radiation in visible and near infrared ranges. This is a dynamically developing direction of modern materials science. It is connected with the possibility of creating LEDs with high efficiency, new types of lasers with low threshold generation, light waveguides, optical switches, filters, as well as digital computing devices based on Photonics. The aim of this work is to calculate the reflection and transmission of a polarized light wave from a layered system of nanostructures that form a periodic medium. The calculation is carried out by two methods: the method of characteristic matrices and the method based on the use of Chebyshev polynomials. The authors have created a basic component of the computer program for calculating the reflection coefficient and the transmittance of layered nanostructures. The paper calculates the spectra of reflection and transmission coefficients and presents the analysis of the results obtained. The basic element is chosen as a basic nanostructure: a layer of magnesium oxide MgO 100 nm thick, a diamond layer 160 nm thick, an arsenic layer AsBr3 tribromide 80 nm thick, a silicon layer 120 nm thick. The authors compare the two methods used: the results are almost the same, which makes it possible in practice for such structures to use a simpler method for the computational procedure based on Chebyshev polynomials.

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39

García, Javier, Alejandro M. Manterola, Miguel Méndez, Jose Angel Fernández-Roldán, Víctor Vega, Silvia González, and Víctor M. Prida. "Magnetization Reversal Process and Magnetostatic Interactions in Fe56Co44/SiO2/Fe3O4 Core/Shell Ferromagnetic Nanowires with Non-Magnetic Interlayer." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): 2282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092282.

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Nowadays, numerous works regarding nanowires or nanotubes are being published, studying different combinations of materials or geometries with single or multiple layers. However, works, where both nanotube and nanowires are forming complex structures, are scarcer due to the underlying difficulties that their fabrication and characterization entail. Among the specific applications for these nanostructures that can be used in sensing or high-density magnetic data storage devices, there are the fields of photonics or spintronics. To achieve further improvements in these research fields, a complete understanding of the magnetic properties exhibited by these nanostructures is needed, including their magnetization reversal processes and control of the magnetic domain walls. In order to gain a deeper insight into this topic, complex systems are being fabricated by altering their dimensions or composition. In this work, a successful process flow for the additive fabrication of core/shell nanowires arrays is developed. The core/shell nanostructures fabricated here consist of a magnetic nanowire nucleus (Fe56Co44), grown by electrodeposition and coated by a non-magnetic SiO2 layer coaxially surrounded by a magnetic Fe3O4 nanotubular coating both fabricated by means of the Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) technique. Moreover, the magnetization reversal processes of these coaxial nanostructures and the magnetostatic interactions between the two magnetic components are investigated by means of standard magnetometry and First Order Reversal Curve methodology. From this study, a two-step magnetization reversal of the core/shell bimagnetic nanostructure is inferred, which is also corroborated by the hysteresis loops of individual core/shell nanostructures measured by Kerr effect-based magnetometer.

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40

Lin, Keng-Te, Han Lin, and Baohua Jia. "Plasmonic nanostructures in photodetection, energy conversion and beyond." Nanophotonics 9, no. 10 (June 29, 2020): 3135–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0104.

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AbstractThis review article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of plasmonic nanostructures and their applications, especially on the integration of plasmonic nanostructures into devices. Over the past decades, plasmonic nanostructures and their applications have been intensively studied because of their outstanding features at the nanoscale. The fundamental characteristics of plasmonic nanostructures, in particular, the electric field enhancement, the generation of hot electrons, and thermoplasmonic effects, play essential roles in most of the practical applications. In general, these three main characteristics of plasmonic nanostructures occur concomitantly when electromagnetic waves interact with plasmonic nanostructures. However, comprehensive review investigating these three main effects of plasmonic nanostructures simultaneously remains elusive. In this article, the fundamental characteristics of plasmonic nanostructures are discussed, especially the interactions between electromagnetic waves and plasmonic nanostructures that lead to the change in near-field electric fields, the conversion of photon energy into hot electrons through plasmon decay, and the photothermal effects at the nanoscale. The applications, challenges faced in these three areas and the future trends are also discussed. This article will provide guidance towards integration of plasmonic nanostructures for functional devices for both academic researchers and engineers in the fields of silicon photonics, photodetection, sensing, and energy harvesting.

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41

Toudert, Johann. "Quantum nanostructures for plasmonics and high refractive index photonics." Journal of Physics: Photonics 3, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 011003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/abc92c.

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42

Liu Jun, Zhou Wei-Chang, and Zhang Jian-Fu. "Synthesis and photonics characteristics research of CdS:Cu 1D nanostructures." Acta Physica Sinica 61, no. 20 (2012): 206101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.61.206101.

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Chang, Sehui, Gil Lee, and Young Song. "Recent Advances in Vertically Aligned Nanowires for Photonics Applications." Micromachines 11, no. 8 (July 26, 2020): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11080726.

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Over the past few decades, nanowires have arisen as a centerpiece in various fields of application from electronics to photonics, and, recently, even in bio-devices. Vertically aligned nanowires are a particularly decent example of commercially manufacturable nanostructures with regard to its packing fraction and matured fabrication techniques, which is promising for mass-production and low fabrication cost. Here, we track recent advances in vertically aligned nanowires focused in the area of photonics applications. Begin with the core optical properties in nanowires, this review mainly highlights the photonics applications such as light-emitting diodes, lasers, spectral filters, structural coloration and artificial retina using vertically aligned nanowires with the essential fabrication methods based on top-down and bottom-up approaches. Finally, the remaining challenges will be briefly discussed to provide future directions.

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44

Gourbilleau, F., L. Khomenkova, D. Bréard, C. Dufour, and R. Rizk. "Rare-earth (Er, Nd)-doped Si nanostructures for integrated photonics." Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 41, no. 6 (May 2009): 1034–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2008.08.057.

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45

Luo, Hao, Haibo Yu, Yangdong Wen, Jianchen Zheng, Xiaoduo Wang, and Lianqing Liu. "Direct Writing of Silicon Oxide Nanopatterns Using Photonic Nanojets." Photonics 8, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8050152.

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The ability to create controllable patterns of micro- and nanostructures on the surface of bulk silicon has widespread application potential. In particular, the direct writing of silicon oxide patterns on silicon via femtosecond laser-induced silicon amorphization has attracted considerable attention owing to its simplicity and high efficiency. However, the direct writing of nanoscale resolution is challenging due to the optical diffraction effect. In this study, we propose a highly efficient, one-step method for preparing silicon oxide nanopatterns on silicon. The proposed method combines femtosecond laser-induced silicon amorphization with a subwavelength-scale beam waist of photonic nanojets. We demonstrate the direct writing of arbitrary nanopatterns via contactless scanning, achieving patterns with a minimum feature size of 310 nm and a height of 120 nm. The proposed method shows potential for the fabrication of multifunctional surfaces, silicon-based chips, and silicon photonics.

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46

Pitruzzello, Giampaolo, Donato Conteduca, and Thomas F. Krauss. "Nanophotonics for bacterial detection and antimicrobial susceptibility testing." Nanophotonics 9, no. 15 (September 17, 2020): 4447–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0388.

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AbstractPhotonic biosensors are a major topic of research that continues to make exciting advances. Technology has now improved sufficiently for photonics to enter the realm of microbiology and to allow for the detection of individual bacteria. Here, we discuss the different nanophotonic modalities used in this context and highlight the opportunities they offer for studying bacteria. We critically review examples from the recent literature, starting with an overview of photonic devices for the detection of bacteria, followed by a specific analysis of photonic antimicrobial susceptibility tests. We show that the intrinsic advantage of matching the optical probed volume to that of a single, or a few, bacterial cell, affords improved sensitivity while providing additional insight into single-cell properties. We illustrate our argument by comparing traditional culture-based methods, which we term macroscopic, to microscopic free-space optics and nanoscopic guided-wave optics techniques. Particular attention is devoted to this last class by discussing structures such as photonic crystal cavities, plasmonic nanostructures and interferometric configurations. These structures and associated measurement modalities are assessed in terms of limit of detection, response time and ease of implementation. Existing challenges and issues yet to be addressed will be examined and critically discussed.

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47

Vona, Danilo, Roberta Ragni, Emiliano Altamura, Paola Albanese, Maria Michela Giangregorio, Stefania Roberta Cicco, and Gianluca Maria Farinola. "Light-Emitting Biosilica by In Vivo Functionalization of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Diatom Microalgae with Organometallic Complexes." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 3327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083327.

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In vivo incorporation of a series of organometallic photoluminescent complexes in Phaeodactylum tricornutum diatom shells (frustules) is investigated as a biotechnological route to luminescent biosilica nanostructures. [Ir(ppy)2bpy]+[PF6]−, [(2,2′-bipyridine)bis(2-phenylpyridinato)iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate], [Ru(bpy)3]2+ 2[PF6]−, [tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) hexafluorophosphate], AlQ3 (tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum), and ZnQ2 (bis-8-hydroxyquinoline-zinc) are used as model complexes to explore the potentiality and generality of the investigated process. The luminescent complexes are added to the diatom culture, and the resulting luminescent silica nanostructures are isolated by an acid-oxidative treatment that removes the organic cell matter without altering both frustule morphology and photoluminescence of incorporated emitters. Results show that, except for ZnQ2, the protocol successfully leads to the incorporation of complexes into the biosilica. The spontaneous self-adhering ability of both bare and doped Phaeodactylum tricornutum cells on conductive indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass slides is observed, which can be exploited to generate dielectric biofilms of living microorganisms with luminescent silica shells. In general, this protocol can be envisaged as a profitable route to new functional nanostructured materials for photonics, sensing, or biomedicine via in vivo chemical modification of diatom frustules with organometallic emitters.

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48

Tripathi, Aditya, Sergey Kruk, Yunfei Shang, Jiajia Zhou, Ivan Kravchenko, Dayong Jin, and Yuri Kivshar. "Topological nanophotonics for photoluminescence control." Nanophotonics 10, no. 1 (September 15, 2020): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0374.

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AbstractObjectivesRare-earth-doped nanocrystals are emerging light sources that can produce tunable emissions in colours and lifetimes, which has been typically achieved in chemistry and material science. However, one important optical challenge – polarization of photoluminescence – remains largely out of control by chemistry methods. Control over photoluminescence polarization can be gained via coupling of emitters to resonant nanostructures such as optical antennas and metasurfaces. However, the resulting polarization is typically sensitive to position disorder of emitters, which is difficult to mitigate.MethodsRecently, new classes of disorder-immune optical systems have been explored within the framework of topological photonics. Here we explore disorder-robust topological arrays of Mie-resonant nanoparticles for polarization control of photoluminescence of nanocrystals.ResultsWe demonstrate polarized emission from rare-earth-doped nanocrystals governed by photonic topological edge states supported by zigzag arrays of dielectric resonators. We verify the topological origin of polarized photoluminescence by comparing emission from nanoparticles coupled to topologically trivial and nontrivial arrays of nanoresonators.ConclusionsWe expect that our results may open a new direction in the study of topology-enable emission properties of topological edge states in many photonic systems.

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Utikal, T., M. Hentschel, and H. Giessen. "Nonlinear photonics with metallic nanostructures on top of dielectrics and waveguides." Applied Physics B 105, no. 1 (August 28, 2011): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-011-4698-6.

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50

Wang, Z. L. "Novel nanostructures of ZnO for nanoscale photonics, optoelectronics, piezoelectricity, and sensing." Applied Physics A 88, no. 1 (March 23, 2007): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-007-3942-8.

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