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Статті в журналах з теми "Photo-pharmacology"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 23 вересня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Biswas, Aayushmoti, Debabrata Singha, and Nilasish Pal. "Click Chemistry: copper, ruthenium catalyzed and photoinduced." International Journal of Experimental Research and Review 26 (December 30, 2021): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2021.v26.004.

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Click chemistry is an extremely powerful method for covalent conjugation of molecular entities quickly and efficiently. Click chemistry knitted the threads between two different molecular entities that have created interesting structures for more than 15 years with a wide range of applications, including in interesting fields such as synthetic chemistry, medicinal science, biochemistry, material science, pharmacology and catalysis. Due to the schematic modification and incorporation of azide and alkyne groups within biological scaffolds, azide-alkyne cycloaddition (AAC) is still the leading methodology among click chemistry. This review focuses on the mechanism, scope, and applications of the CuAAC reaction, RuAAC reaction, and the recent development of photo-click reactions, and their applications cover the literature from the last ten years.

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2

Ma, Xiaoyuan, Meichun Gao, Henry F. Vischer, and Rob Leurs. "A NanoBRET-Based H3R Conformational Biosensor to Study Real-Time H3 Receptor Pharmacology in Cell Membranes and Living Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 8211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158211.

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Conformational biosensors to monitor the activation state of G protein-coupled receptors are a useful addition to the molecular pharmacology assay toolbox to characterize ligand efficacy at the level of receptor proteins instead of downstream signaling. We recently reported the initial characterization of a NanoBRET-based conformational histamine H3 receptor (H3R) biosensor that allowed the detection of both (partial) agonism and inverse agonism on living cells in a microplate reader assay format upon stimulation with H3R ligands. In the current study, we have further characterized this H3R biosensor on intact cells by monitoring the effect of consecutive ligand injections in time and evaluating its compatibility with photopharmacological ligands that contain a light-sensitive azobenzene moiety for photo-switching. In addition, we have validated the H3R biosensor in membrane preparations and found that observed potency values better correlated with binding affinity values that were measured in radioligand competition binding assays on membranes. Hence, the H3R conformational biosensor in membranes might be a ready-to-use, high-throughput alternative for radioligand binding assays that in addition can also detect ligand efficacies with comparable values as the intact cell assay.

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3

Băilă, Diana-Irinel, Cătălin Vițelaru, Roxana Trușcă, Lidia Ruxandra Constantin, Ancuța Păcurar, Constantina Anca Parau, and Răzvan Păcurar. "Thin Films Deposition of Ta2O5 and ZnO by E-Gun Technology on Co-Cr Alloy Manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering." Materials 14, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 3666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133666.

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In recent years in the dental field, new types of materials and techniques for the manufacturing of dental crowns and analog implants have been developed to improve the quality of these products. The objective of this article was to perform the surface characterization and determine the properties of Co-Cr alloy samples fabricated by the direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) process and coated by e-gun technology with thin films of Ta2O5 and ZnO. Both oxides are frequently used for dental products, in pharmacology, cosmetics, and medicine, due to their good anticorrosive, antibacterial, and photo-catalytic properties. Following the deposition of thin oxide films on the Co-Cr samples fabricated by DMLS, a very fine roughness in the order of nanometers was obtained. Thin films deposition was realized to improve the hardness and the roughness of the Co-Cr parts fabricated by the DMLS process. Surface characterization was performed using SEM-EDS, AFM, and XRD. AFM was used to determine the roughness of the samples and the nanoindentation curves were determined to establish the hardness values and modulus of elasticity.

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4

Stockert, Juan C., Jesús Espada, and Alfonso Blázquez-Castro. "Melanin-Binding Colorants: Updating Molecular Modeling, Staining and Labeling Mechanisms, and Biomedical Perspectives." Colorants 1, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 91–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colorants1010007.

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Melanin and melanoma tumors are two fields of increasing interest in biomedical research. Melanins are ubiquitous biopigments with adaptive value and multiple functions, and occur in the malignant melanoma. Although several chemical structures have been proposed for eumelanin, molecular modeling and orbitals indicate that a planar or spiral benzoquinone-porphycene polymer would be the model that better explains the broad-band light and ultrasound absorption, electric conductivity, and graphite-like organization shown by X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy. Lysosomes and melanosomes are selectively labeled by vital probes, and melanin also binds to metal cations, colorants, and drugs, with important consequences in pharmacology, pathology, and melanoma therapy. In addition to traditional and recent oncologic treatments, photodynamic, photothermal, and ultrasound protocols represent novel modalities for melanoma therapy. Since eumelanin is practically the ideal photothermal and ultrasound sensitizer, the vibrational decay from photo-excited electrons after NIR irradiation, or the electrochemical production of ROS and radicals after ultrasound absorption, induce an efficient heating or oxidative response, resulting in the damage and death of tumor cells. This allows repetitive treatments due to the remaining melanin contained in tumoral melanophages. Given that evolution and prognosis of the advanced melanoma is still a concern, new biophysical procedures based on melanin properties can now be developed and applied.

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5

S. Pooja, S. Pooja, and Niveshika Niveshika. "Insight into the Potential Cyanobacterial Metabolites and their Screening Strategies." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 255–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2983.

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Cyanobacteria are the first oxygenic photosynthesis performing prokaryotes. They are considered to have fast growth, amenability to genetic modifications towards photo-autotrophy. Have the ability to grow under heterotrophic conditions with minimum available sunlight to obtain energy by utilizing organic carbon as its substrate. Cyanobacteria are diversely spread in marine, freshwater, terrestrial habitats which differ from each other concerning their structural and functional metabolism. It produces bioactive compounds which are toxic to animals as well as humans which are produced in freshwater habitats whereas marine species of cyanobacteria produce secondary metabolites which are involved in the production of new drugs and also show potential in various fields such as Biotechnological applications, pharmacology, agriculture sustainability, and environmental remediation. Cyanobacteria also produce non-toxic compounds which help in protecting plants by producing phytohormones, siderophores, and UV protective or absorbing compounds. Marine cyanobacterial bioactive compounds are involved in several bioactivities such as antiviral, antialgal, antiprotozoal, antifungal activities, etc. Freshwater species are involved in forming harmful cyanobacterial blooms which are highly toxic to animals as well as humans (Ex: cyanotoxins, hepatotoxins, etc). Different strategies are used to detect the cyanobacterial compounds under in-vivo and in-vitro cultures. To analyze the quality and safety of water, screening methods are necessary to detect possible toxic compounds present in the environmental habitats. Screening methods include microscopy assay, physiological methods, chemical methods, biochemical-based methods, and molecular-based methods. All these methods of screening help in characterizing, identifying the cyanobacterial toxins and also have a few limitations in their reliability, sensitivity, and limit in the detection of the compounds.

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6

Fullerton, Terence, and Fran M. Gengo. "Sumatriptan: A Selective 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor Agonist for the Acute Treatment of Migraine." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 26, no. 6 (June 1992): 800–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809202600611.

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OBJECTIVE: The clinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and associated drug interactions of the novel antimigraine drug sumatriptan are reviewed. DATA SOURCES: English-language publications pertaining to sumatriptan were identified via a search of the MEDLINE computerized database. STUDY SELECTION: Open and controlled clinical studies were reviewed in assessing clinical efficacy, although only the results of controlled, randomized trials form the basis for the conclusions pertaining to the effectiveness of sumatriptan. DATA EXTRACTION: The primary measure of drug effectiveness in all clinical studies was significant improvement in headache severity scores. Secondary measures included functional ability, time to relief, rescue medication use, associated symptoms of nausea/vomiting and photo/phonophobia, and, in some studies, headache recurrence rate. These data were obtained from each published clinical trial and used in the overall analysis of sumatriptan efficacy. DATA SYNTHESIS: Sumatriptan is a serotonin agonist that has been studied for the acute treatment of migraine and cluster headache. The drug appears to work via specific serotonin receptors to mediate selective vasoconstriction within the cranial vasculature and to prevent the release of inflammatory mediators from trigeminal nerve terminals. The recommended dose of sumatriptan is 6 mg given subcutaneously at the onset of headache; an oral formulation is under investigation. In the published clinical trials of the oral and subcutaneous dosage forms to date, sumatriptan was effective in reducing headache severity from moderate/severe to mild/absent in approximately 70–80 percent of patients treated with active drug, compared with only 20–30 percent in the placebo groups, and 48 percent in the oral ergotamine tartrate/caffeine (Cafergot)-treated group. Secondary measures of effectiveness also favored sumatriptan. There may be a higher rate of headache recurrence with sumatriptan compared with placebo or Cafergot, although further study is necessary to confirm this observation. Adverse effects associated with sumatriptan administration generally were mild and transient and included tingling, warm/hot sensations, and pressure and tightness in the chest and neck. No significant drug interactions have yet been identified. CONCLUSIONS: Sumatriptan appears to represent a safe and effective alternative to the ergot alkaloids for the abortive treatment of acute migraine. However, further clinical trials, especially those yielding comparative data with current antimigraine agents, are needed to determine the full therapeutic contribution of sumatriptan.

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7

BONFIGLIO, D., A. CAVALLARO, and F. POLITO. "DEPRESSION PSYCHO-PHOTO-DRUG." Clinical Neuropharmacology 15 (1992): 515B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002826-199202001-01003.

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8

Holzhütter, Hermann-Georg. "A General Measure of In Vitro Phototoxicity Derived from Pairs of Dose-Response Curves and its Use for Predicting the In Vivo Phototoxicity of Chemicals." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 25, no. 4 (July 1997): 445–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299702500407.

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In pharmacology, it is common to evaluate the influence of external effectors (for example, temperature, pH, and presence of a second drug) on dose-response relations by the potency factor (PF50): [Formula: see text] where ED50 (± effector) denotes the 50% effective dose in the presence and in the absence of the effector, respectively. In this paper, the external effector is ultraviolet (UV) light, and PF50 is referred to as the photoirritancy factor (PIF). There are two parameters which limit the applicability and toxicological reliability of the PIF. Firstly, the physical properties (for example, water solubility) of the chemical tested and the constraints of the biological test system may make it difficult, or even impossible, to achieve sufficiently high doses to observe 50% of the maximal response. In such cases, no numeric value of the potency factor can be computed. Secondly, the potency factor does not take into account the absolute change in response induced by UV light, i.e. depending on the shape of the ±UV dose-response curves, the absolute change in response may be small although the PIF is large, and vice versa. This paper proposes a more general measure of phototoxicity, the mean photo effect (MPE), which can be assessed from pairs of dose-response curves, even if the 50% response level is not reached in one curve or in both. The MPE is a weighted average of PIFd values across different dose levels (d being common to both dose-response curves). The absolute response changes, ΔRd, i.e. the differences between the -UV curve and the +UV curve are used as weighting factors. The numerical computation of the MPE is based on theoretical curves obtained by fitting a mathematical model to the experimental dose-response data. Plotting PIFd and ΔRd versus the corresponding doses permits differences in the shapes of the two curves to be assessed, and possible alterations in the toxic mechanisms induced by UV light to be revealed. The variance of MPE is estimated by a bootstrap procedure. The use of the MPE is illustrated by its application to dose-response data obtained with a human keratinocyte assay of fibroblasts in the EU/COLIPA international validation project on photoirritancy.

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9

&NA;, &NA;. "??95 PHOTO CONTEST WINNERS." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 20, no. 3 (May 1995): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005721-199505000-00017.

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10

&NA;. "1996 PHOTO CONTEST Winners." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 21, no. 3 (May 1996): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005721-199605000-00002.

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11

Malcheni Sangrawati, Erlina Novianti, and Silviana Amanda Aurelia. "GERAKAN DEMO REFORMASI DIKORUPSI DALAM FOTO JURNAL DI JAKARTA." Jurnal Dimensi DKV Seni Rupa dan Desain 7, no. 2 (October 4, 2022): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jdd.v7i2.12873.

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Photography journalistic is use as factual media in the form of visuals that provide interesting information. The Reform corruption demonstrations demanded the preparation (RKUHP) and RUU KPK. At the photo of the Corruption Reform Demonstration, the writer uses the theory of journalistic photography as a photo that is valuable for information as well as news and uses the EDFAT and Decisive moment methods. The research objective is to document the situation of the corruption demonstration that uses the EDFAT method in journalistic as well as providing factual information. The research method was carried out by observation. The author observed existing photos as well as literature studies for data collection. The results of the research are photo works that use journalistic by paying attention to the EDFAT method in the photo taking design, as well as the decisive moment theory in taking an appropriate event. Keywords: Decisive moment, Democracy, EDFAT, Journalistic photography.

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12

Bentrude, WesleyG, and KhairuzzamanB Mullah. "Photo-arbuzov route to acyclic nucleoside-based phosphanates." Antiviral Research 15 (April 1991): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-3542(91)90110-d.

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13

Lagopati, Nefeli, Konstantinos Evangelou, Polycarpos Falaras, Effie-Photini C. Tsilibary, Panagiotis V. S. Vasileiou, Sofia Havaki, Andriani Angelopoulou, Evangelia A. Pavlatou, and Vassilis G. Gorgoulis. "Nanomedicine: Photo-activated nanostructured titanium dioxide, as a promising anticancer agent." Pharmacology & Therapeutics 222 (June 2021): 107795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107795.

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14

Borrás-Blasco, Joaquín, Andrés Navarro-Ruiz, Jaime Matarredona, Pedro Devesa, Amparo Montesinos-Ros, and Mercedes González-Delgado. "Photo-Induced Stevens–Johnson Syndrome Due to Sulfasalazine Therapy." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 37, no. 9 (September 2003): 1241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1c271.

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15

Cahoreau, V., C. Fratti, A. Sauvage, M. Dubois, E. Signac, P. Fialon, and V. Moisset. "Le roman-photo : outil de sensibilisation aux erreurs médicamenteuses." Le Pharmacien Hospitalier et Clinicien 49, no. 2 (June 2014): e196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phclin.2014.04.383.

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16

Peverini, Laurie, Kate Dunning, Francisco Andres Peralta, and Thomas Grutter. "Photo-isomerizable tweezers to probe ionotropic receptor mechanisms." Current Opinion in Pharmacology 62 (February 2022): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2021.11.011.

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17

Withers, Philip. "An Approach to Auditing ‘Photo Reports’." Quality Assurance Journal 1, no. 2 (December 1996): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1786(199612)1:2<75::aid-qaj14>3.0.co;2-c.

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18

Alekperov, Dzhamil, Elisa Fasani, Atef M. Amer, and Angelo Albini. "The Photo-Deoxygenation of Heterocyclic N-Oxides." HETEROCYCLES 37, no. 2 (1994): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-93-s102.

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19

Ohashi, Mamoru, Shuzo Yamada, and Toshiaki Sakai. "Photo-induced Electron-transfer Oxidation of Nicotine." HETEROCYCLES 25, no. 1 (1987): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/s-1987-01-0287.

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20

&NA;, &NA;. "1994 MCN Photo Contest FOR RNs ONLY." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 18, no. 2 (March 1993): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005721-199303000-00014.

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21

&NA;. "1994 MCN Photo Contest FOR RNs ONLY." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 18, no. 3 (May 1993): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005721-199305000-00002.

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22

Zhu, Jianhua, Myron L. Toews, Richard G. MacDonald, and Terry D. Hexum. "Neuropeptide Y promotes GTP photo-incorporation into a 55 kDa protein." European Journal of Pharmacology: Molecular Pharmacology 268, no. 3 (August 1994): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-4106(94)90052-3.

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23

Hu, Chuan, and Huile Gao. "A cleavable self-delivery nanoparticle for tumor photo-immunotherapy." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16, no. 2 (March 2021): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2021.01.001.

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24

Gregoriou, Stamatis, Theodora Karagiorga, Alexander Stratigos, Kyriakos Volonakis, George Kontochristopoulos, and Dimitris Rigopoulos. "Photo-Onycholysis Caused by Olanzapine and Aripiprazole." Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 28, no. 2 (April 2008): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jcp.0b013e318166c50a.

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25

Somei, Masanori, and Koji Yamada. "Photo-induced Rearrangement of 1-Ethoxy-2-phenylindole." HETEROCYCLES 48, no. 12 (1998): 2481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-98-8345.

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26

Sera, Akira, Manabu Okada, Akira Ohhata, Hiroaki Yamada, Kuniaki Itoh, and Yasuo Kubo. "Norrish Type II Photo-Deacylation of Semicyclic Imides." HETEROCYCLES 36, no. 5 (1993): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-92-6265.

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27

Wang, Miao, Jie Rao, Meng Wang, Xiaosong Li, Kaili Liu, Mark F. Naylor, Robert E. Nordquist, Wei R. Chen, and Feifan Zhou. "Cancer photo-immunotherapy: from bench to bedside." Theranostics 11, no. 5 (2021): 2218–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.53056.

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28

Chung, Byung-Ha, and Ki-Churl Chang. "Photo-induced adequate nitric oxide (PIANO)-mediated relaxation in isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum." General Pharmacology: The Vascular System 25, no. 5 (September 1994): 893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(94)90092-2.

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29

Wang, Jin-Ye, Qing-Fen Wu, Jian-Ping Li, Qiu-Shi Ren, Yu-Lu Wang, and Xin-Ming Liu. "Photo-Sensitive Liposomes: Chemistry and Application in Drug Delivery." Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138955710791185091.

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30

Al-turk, W., S. Othman, I. Majeed, W. Murray, and D. Newton. "Analytical Study of Nifedipine and Its Photo - Oxidized Form." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 15, no. 2 (January 1989): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639048909040207.

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31

Bründl, Angelika, and Klaus Buff. "Photo-induced binding of 2,2′ ,4,4′ ,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl to cultured human cells." Biochemical Pharmacology 37, no. 8 (April 1988): 1601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(88)90024-x.

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32

Menon, Jyothi U., Parth Jadeja, Pranjali Tambe, Khanh Vu, Baohong Yuan, and Kytai T. Nguyen. "Nanomaterials for Photo-Based Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications." Theranostics 3, no. 3 (2013): 152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.5327.

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33

Siaw, Yiyee Mable, Jaison Jeevanandam, Yiik Siang Hii, and Yen San Chan. "Photo-irradiation coupled biosynthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles for antibacterial application." Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 393, no. 12 (July 7, 2020): 2253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00210-020-01934-x.

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34

Khan, Mohammed Nurul Absar, Min-Chul Lee, Ji-Young Kang, Nam Gyu Park, Hitoshi Fujii, and Yong-Ki Hong. "Effects of the brown seaweedUndaria pinnatifida on erythematous inflammation assessed using digital photo analysis." Phytotherapy Research 22, no. 5 (2008): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2349.

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35

Mahesh, Thirunavukarasu, Murali Manoharan Sri Balasubashini, and Venugopal Padmanabhan Menon. "Photo-Irradiated Curcumin Supplementation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Effect on Lipid Peroxidation." Therapies 59, no. 6 (November 2004): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2515/therapie:2004110.

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36

Umemura, Kazuo, and Mitsuyoshi Nakashima. "A new middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats due to photo-chemically induced thrombosis." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 61 (1993): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)51133-7.

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37

Chiba, Junya, Masahiko Inouye, and Yasuhiro Doi. "Photo- and Electrochemical Properties of Novel 7-Substituted Naphthyridine Derivatives." HETEROCYCLES 79, no. 1 (2009): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-08-s(d)53.

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38

Kawahara, Haruka, Naoki Miyashita, Koki Tachibana, Yusuke Tsuda, Kyohei Morimoto, Kohei Tsuji, Akira Shigenaga, Akira Otaka, Tatsuhiro Ishida, and Keiichiro Okuhira. "A Photo-Activatable Peptide Mimicking Functions of Apolipoprotein A-I." Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 42, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 1019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b19-00114.

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39

Safari, Arash, Abolfazl Sarikhani, Daryoush Shahbazi-Gahrouei, Zahra Alamzadeh, Jaber Beik, Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli, Vahid Pirhajati Mahabadi, Maryam Tohfeh, and Ali Shakeri-Zadeh. "Optimal scheduling of the nanoparticle-mediated cancer photo-thermo-radiotherapy." Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy 32 (December 2020): 102061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102061.

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40

Hodson, David. "Using photo-pharmacology to reveal the importance of the islet beta cell network." Endocrine Abstracts, October 14, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/endoabs.44.mte9.

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41

Khan, Md Nasim, Digvijaysinh K. Parmar, and Debasis Das. "Recent Applications of Azo Dyes: A Paradigm Shift from Medicinal Chemistry to Biomedical Sciences." Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 20 (November 23, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557520999201123210025.

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Abstract:: Azo molecules are one of the fascinating organic molecular architectures with azo bond (-N=N-). Since the last century, the bright colored azo molecules are used as dyes for printing, food, paper, cosmetic laser, electronics, optics, material sciences etc. After the discovery of Prontosil as an antibacterial drug, azo molecules became into limelight in medicinal chemistry. Later a number of azo molecules such as Phenazopyridine, Basalazide, Sulfasalazine etc., occupied the drug market. Many azo molecules have been demonstrated as antibacterial, anti-malarial, antifungal, antioxidant, antiviral agents and many more. Metabolic degradation of many azo dyes can cause problem to liver that limits the application of azo dyes in medicinal chemistry. Azo dyes are significantly used in cancer chemotherapy. Recently, a paradigm shift has been observed in the application of azo dyes from medicinal chemistry to biomedical science area. The application of azo molecules in biomedical science such as imaging, drug deliver, photo pharmacology and photo switch areas are reported. In this article, we have complied and discussed the recent work done on azo dye molecules for medicinal importance and future prospects.

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42

Rastogi, Shiva K., Jennifer K. Dunnigan, Adelyne C. Towne, Zhenze Zhao, Liqin Du, and William J. Brittain. "Photopharmacology of Azo-Combretastatin-A4: Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors utilizing Green Chemistry Key Step." Current Organic Chemistry 25 (May 26, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272825666210526151222.

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: Tubulin polymerization inhibitors (TPIs) are promising ligands utilized in chemotherapy for modern cancer treatment. However, the current TPIs exhibit many serious side effects that may pose limitations in chemotherapy. Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) is a natural TPI that binds at the colchicine binding site located on microtubules. The only cis isomer of CA-4 is bio-active; however, due to its short half-life, it isomerizes quickly to its bio-inactive trans geometric isomer. Preventing shortcomings of CA-4, azobenzene based CA-4, called azo-CA-4 (azo-CA-4), identified as a novel TPI. The geometric isomerization of azo-CA-4 can be controlled upon exposure of ultraviolet (UV) light to remotely control its bioactivity. Cis-azo-CA-4 is 200-500 times more active (IC50 = 0.2-10 µM) than trans-azo-CA-4 (IC50 = 50-110 µM) against various cancer cell lines. Photo-pharmacology uses light to control drug activity, introduce a unique mechanism to develop novel photo-responsive TPIs. Further, the green chemistry approach using ethanol and water as a green solvent in the synthesis of azo-CA-4 delivers advanced methodology in novel TPI development .

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43

"Focus on Phytochemical Screening, Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Effects and Medical Uses of Gummi myrrha." Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry 12, no. 4 (October 19, 2021): 5510–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33263/briac124.55105522.

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Gummi myrrha is the air-dried gum resin taken from the branches and stems of Commiphora molmol Engler (Burseraceae). The other names include myrrh, myrrhe, myrrha. Commiphora species are shrubs with 3 m high. It has rounded tops, thick trunks, dark brown bark, and large, sharply pointed thorns on the stem. It has many asymmetrical stunted and spiny. The leaves are unequal and alternate. The flowers are small, yellow-red fascicled, and arranged in terminal panicles. Gummi myrrha contains resins (25-40%), essential oil (3-8%), and a water-soluble gum (30-60%). The Gummi myrrha contains 20% proteins and 65% carbohydrates (galactose, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid, and arabinose). The major constituents of the Gummi myrrha essential oil are furanosesquiterpenes, and the monoterpenes α-, β- and γ-bisabolene. Gummi myrrha is used for mild inflammations treatment. It is used to treat aphthous ulcers, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, common cold, and gingivitis. Gummi myrrha is used as an emmenagogue, expectorant, and antidote for toxins and to stop blood coagulation. It treats menopausal symptoms, arthritic pain, diarrhea, fatigue, headache, jaundice, and indigestion. The pharmacology activity of Gummi myrrha includes experimental pharmacology and clinical pharmacology. Experimental pharmacology includes cardio-protective, analgesic, antipyretic, anticoagulant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, antimicrobial, and antileishmanial activities. Clinical pharmacology includes anti-obesity, antidiarrheal, and wound healing activities. The ointment of Gummi myrrha essential oil was non-irritating, non-sensitizing, and non-photo toxic to the human skin. The dose of myrrh tincture =1:5 g/ml, Gummi myrrha tincture applied to the affected area 2 or 3 times/ day; Gummi myrrha mouth solution= 5-10 drops of the tincture in a glass of water.

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Lemoine, Damien, Sarah Mondoloni, Jérome Tange, Bertrand Lambolez, Philippe Faure, Antoine Taly, Ludovic Tricoire, and Alexandre Mourot. "Probing the ionotropic activity of glutamate GluD2 receptor in HEK cells with genetically-engineered photopharmacology." eLife 9 (October 28, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.59026.

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Glutamate delta (GluD) receptors belong to the ionotropic glutamate receptor family, yet they don’t bind glutamate and are considered orphan. Progress in defining the ion channel function of GluDs in neurons has been hindered by a lack of pharmacological tools. Here, we used a chemo-genetic approach to engineer specific and photo-reversible pharmacology in GluD2 receptor. We incorporated a cysteine mutation in the cavity located above the putative ion channel pore, for site-specific conjugation with a photoswitchable pore blocker. In the constitutively open GluD2 Lurcher mutant, current could be rapidly and reversibly decreased with light. We then transposed the cysteine mutation to the native receptor, to demonstrate with high pharmacological specificity that metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling triggers opening of GluD2. Our results assess the functional relevance of GluD2 ion channel and introduce an optogenetic tool that will provide a novel and powerful means for probing GluD2 ionotropic contribution to neuronal physiology.

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45

Pfeifer, Phillip E. "Nashua Photo." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2974573.

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46

Iorio, Eugenio Luigi. "Oxidative stress, aesthetics and ozone therapy: the role of biological markers [abstract]." Journal of Ozone Therapy 3, no. 4 (December 19, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/jo3t.3.4.2019.15525.

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The redox system, that includes both reactive oxidising species (ROS) and antioxidants (AOs), play an unique role in the maintenance and in the promotion of wellness of all tissues and organs including skin and subcutaneous being related through the so called “eu-oxidative stress” to all basic processes of life i. e. the flow energy and information (1). Any disturbance of such system can lead to the “oxidative di-stress syndrome”, that is believed co-responsible not only of early aging but also of at least one hundred diseases including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer (2, 3). Oxidative di-stress is also involved in the pathophysiology of aesthetic as well as dermatological diseases like photo-aging, wrinkles, cellulite, and delayed wound healing (4). Unfortunately oxidative stress does not show any specific clinical picture but can be diagnosed only by means of specific biochemical tests on biological fluids (5). This approach led to the development of new branch of applied biochemistry and molecular diagnostics called Redoxomics (6). Redoxomics is a novel branch of “applied biochemistry” and “molecular diagnostics” having the following aims: i) to analyse the structure, the physiological role and the distribution of OCS and antioxidant systems in a living organism; ii) to identify the reciprocal interactions of oxidant and antioxidant systems – in the general flow of information – in a biological system (cell, tissue, organ, apparatus, system, whole organism) in a defined step of its development, in basic conditions as well as after potentially stressful stimuli; iii) to evaluate the implications of these findings by the view-point of epidemiology, patho-physiology, clinics, pharmacology and so on (6). On the basis of a Redoxomics profile the clinicians as well as the surgeons can identify early this new syndrome and to fight it by using not only more properly the conventional strategies but also new approach based on lifestyle changes (3), physiological redox modulators (7), biocompatible biomaterials (e. g. threads) (8, 9), gases (e. g. oxygen infusion/propulsion, carboxy therapy, ozone therapy) (10) which action is aimed to modulate the redox system function. Indeed the maintenance of a optimal oxidative balance is becoming one of the true pre-requisite “to be beautiful on the outside and on the inside”.

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47

An, Yonglei, Zhe Dong, Xingyuan Du, Xueyan Zhu, Enhao Huang, and Lu Liu. "Regulation of Photo-Generated Carrier Behavior Based on Positive Bias Voltage for Enhanced Photo-Fenton." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4116180.

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48

Albayrak, Abdülkadir. "Vision Transformer Based Photo Capturing System." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4154101.

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49

KM, Mitravinda. "Face Sketch-Photo Synthesis and Recognition." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3998904.

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50

Liu, Yu-Hao, Jin Qu, Wei Chang, Cheng-Ye Yang, Hong-Jun Liu, Xian-Zhi Zhai, Yu Kang, Yu-Guo Guo, and Zhong-Zhen Yu. "A Photo-Promoted Reversible Lithium-Sulfur Battery." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4051668.

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