Готові списки джерел за темами / Photo-electric processes

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Photo-electric processes"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Photo-electric processes"

Qi, Xiao-Qiu, Chang-Jian Dai, and Zhen-Xiang Zhong. "Optimal selection of photo-ionization and electric field ionization." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 34 (December 6, 2017): 1750319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917503195.

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In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of the two approaches of atomic ionization, photo-excitation plus photo-ionization (PE+PI) and the photo-excitation plus electric field ionization (PE+EFI) are investigated systematically. For the PE+PI process, two different schemes (I and II), with and without overlapping pulse duration, are designed and specified. The rate equations for both PE+PI and PE+EFI processes are established, numerical solutions of which provide profound characteristics. A detailed analysis of the theoretical results is carried out to observe the impacts on their overall ionization efficiency made by several factors, either atomic or laser parameters. Not only the ionization efficiency of both approaches is given, but also the optimal selection under some specific conditions is discussed. If the pulse widths of lasers are fixed, then the PE+EFI approach is superior to the PE+PI approach when laser powers are small, while the PE+PI approach is better otherwise.

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Ohta, Nobuhiro. "Electric-field effects on photoinduced dynamics and function." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 7 (April 25, 2013): 1427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-12-12-07.

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Photoinduced electron-transfer processes are enhanced or quenched by application of electric fields, depending on the donor–acceptor pairs. Electric-field-induced quenching of photoluminescence, which results from the field-induced dissociation of the exciton state that depends on the photoexcitation wavelength, is observed in π-conjugated polymers. These electric-field effects on photoinduced dynamics have been confirmed by the measurements both of electroabsorption and electrophotoluminescence spectra and of time-resolved electrophotoluminescence decays. Time-resolved measurements of photocurrent, with which novel material function in electrical conductivity of organic materials induced by photo-irradiation and application of electric fields is confirmed, are also reviewed.

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GONZÁLEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, J., YU V. VOROBIEV, P. P. HORLEY, and P. M. GORLEY. "INVESTIGATION OF SELF-ORGANIZATION PROCESSES IN SEMICONDUCTOR UNDER PHOTO-GUNN EFFECT." Modern Physics Letters B 15, no. 17n19 (August 20, 2001): 712–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984901002361.

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In the given paper, the results are presented of the investigation of non-equilibrium stationary carriers system in semiconductor under photo-Gunn effect. It was found that space-homogeneous state of the system is unstable in the case of negative differential conductivity and two waves of space-time perturbations with different phase velocities propagate through the crystal. Phase velocity degeneration conditions have been determined for these waves. Dependence of the complex attenuation decrement on external influences (electric field tension, incident light intensity, semiconductor compensation degree and spectral range) has been investigated in details. State dynamics of inhomogeneous carrier system has been studied using synergetics methods. Obtained results prove that one can controllably switch between the oscillation states of electron subsystem by changing the incident light intensity.

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Alpatov, A. P., O. A. Fokov, I. M. Statsenko, B. M. Rassamakin, A. H. Shmireva, D. G. Belov, S. V. Medvednikov, G. I. Tarasov, I. I. Perekopskiy, and V. S. Khoroshylov. "«Concentrator» Experiment Processes of solar energy conversion into electric energy in the advanced multiplayer photo cells in a complex with solar radiation concentrators." Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 6, no. 4 (July 30, 2000): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2000.04.147.

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Chiu, Ying-Nan, and Lue-Yung Chow Chiu. "An alternative mechanism for spin-forbidden photo-ionization of diatomic molecules and its rotation–electronic selection rules." Canadian Journal of Physics 68, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p90-025.

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The spin-forbidden photo-ionization of diatomic molecules is proposed. Spin orbit interaction is invoked resulting in the correction and mixing of the wave functions of different multiplicities. The rotation–electronic selection rules given, but not proven, by Dixit and McKoy for Hund's case a based on the conventional mechanism of electric dipole transition (see Chem. Phys. Lett. 128, 49 (1986) are rederived and expressed in a different format. This new format permits the generalization of the selection rules to other photo-ionization transitions caused by the magnetic dipole, the electric quadrupole, and the two- and three-photon operators. These selection rules, which are for transitions from one specific rotational level of a given Kronig reflection symmetry to another, will help understand rotational branching and the dynamics of interaction in the excited state. They will also help in the selective preparation of well-defined rovibronic states in resonant-enhanced multi-photon ionization processes.

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Ji, Di, Zhitao Hu, Nan Ye, Fufei Pang, and Yingxiong Song. "Photo-Generation of Tunable Microwave Carriers at 2 µm Wavelengths Using Double Sideband with Carrier Suppression Modulation." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (March 20, 2022): 3172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12063172.

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At 2 µm wavelengths (149.9 THz), hollow-core photonics band gap fibers have higher light power damage thresholds, stable polarization states, and lower losses of 0.1 dB/km. Additionally, a thulium-doped fiber amplifier can provide a gain of >35 dB. Specifically, an indium-rich InGaAs photodetector shows a naturally higher photoresponsivity at 2 µm wavelengths than the C-band. Therefore, using tunable photo-generated microwave technology at 2 µm wavelengths could achieve higher photo-to-electric power conversion efficiencies for higher RF output power applications using the same method at the same frequency. Here, a double sideband with the carrier suppression modulation method was experimentally applied on 2 µm wavelengths to generate tunable and stable microwave carriers. Comparison experiments were also applied on the 1.55 µm (193.4 THz)/1.31 µm wavelengths (228.8 THz) based on the same indium-rich InGaAs photodetector. Through normalization on the wavelength-corresponded squared external quantum efficiency to visualize the photo-to-electric power conversion efficiency at different wavelengths under the same input optical signal power, the ratio between the results at 2 µm wavelengths and C/O-band is abstracted as 1.31/1.98, approaching theoretical estimations. This corresponds to a power conversion efficiency increasement of ~1.16 dB/~2.98 dB. To our knowledge, this is the first study on 2 micron wavelengths that proves the corresponding high efficiency power conversion property.

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Hirahara, Takashi, Masahiro Yoshizawa-Fujita, Yuko Takeoka, and Masahiro Rikukawa. "Synthesis and Fabrication of Aligned Conjugated Polymer Thin Films." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 1636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.1636.

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Fluorene-thiophene copolymers having chiral and azobenzene substituents, PAzB4-T, were synthesized by the Pd-catalyzed Suzuki coupling method. We studied the aligning organization of the main chain of PAzB4-T with the activation of the attached functional groups by thermal annealing and photo-annealing processes. Circular dichroism (CD) measurements revealed that the thermally annealed PAzB4-T spin-coated films exhibited bisignate Cotton effects over the absorption regions of the polymer main chains and the azobenzene side chains due to the formation of chiral assemblies. After the photo-annealing process, which means linearly polarized light irradiation accompanied by thermal annealing, the PAzB4-T spin-coated films showed linear dichroism over the absorption region of the main chains, due to the alignment of azobenzene side chains against the electric field of the linearly polarized light. These results suggested that rigid conjugated polymers were successfully aligned by the alignment of functional groups with the external stimuli.

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Tatyanenko, N. P. "Semiconductor surface spectroscopy using transverse acousto-electric effect: Role of surface charge in photo-processes at the ZnS/Si interface." Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 21, no. 3 (October 22, 2018): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo21.03.263.

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Khrypunov, G., A. Meriuts, H. Klochko, T. Shelest, and A. Khrypunova. "Investigation of Thin Film Solar Cells on CdS/CdTe Base with Different Back Contacts." Advances in Science and Technology 74 (October 2010): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.74.119.

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The peculiarities of photo-electric processes in thin film CdS/CdTe solar cells (SC) with different back electrodes (Cu/Au, ITO, Cu/ITO) have been studied. As it was established by capacitance – voltage (C – V) characteristics, the potential barrier heights for CdTe/Cu/Au and CdTe/ITO were 0.3 eV and 2.2 eV, respectively. The concentrations of charge carriers near back contact consisted 91020 m–3 and 21021 m–3, respectively. A high carrier concentration and high potential barrier of the ITO back contact caused the tunnel – recombination mechanism of the charge transport. The investigations of CdS/CdTe/ITO SC spectral photosensitivity testify a negative impact of the developed grain-boundary surface of the base layer on the processes of diffusion and separation of non-equilibrium current carriers generated by short-wave radiation. It is shown that the deposition of Cu nanolayer before the deposition of ITO films give stable efficiency 10 % for bifacial CdS/CdTe solar cells.

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Cirillo, Giuseppe, Manuela Curcio, Lorenzo Francesco Madeo, Francesca Iemma, Giovanni De Filpo, Silke Hampel, and Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta. "Carbon Nanotubes Hybrid Hydrogels for Environmental Remediation: Evaluation of Adsorption Efficiency under Electric Field." Molecules 26, no. 22 (November 19, 2021): 7001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26227001.

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The performance of Carbon Nanotubes hybrid hydrogels for environmental remediation was investigated using Methylene Blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RD), and Bengal Rose (BR) as model contaminating dyes. An acrylate hydrogel network with incorporated CNT was synthesized by photo-polymerization without any preliminary derivatization of CNT surface. Thermodynamics, isothermal and kinetic studies showed favorable sorption processes with the application of an external 12 V electric field found to be able to influence the amount of adsorbed dyes: stronger interactions with cationic MB molecules (qexp and qexp12 of 19.72 and 33.45 mg g−1, respectively) and reduced affinity for anionic RD (qexp and qexp12 of 28.93 and 13.06 mg g−1, respectively) and neutral BR (qexp and qexp12 of 36.75 and 15.85 mg g−1, respectively) molecules were recorded. The influence of pH variation on dyes adsorption was finally highlighted by reusability studies, with the negligible variation of adsorption capacity after five repeated sorption cycles claiming for the suitability of the proposed systems as effective sorbent for wastewater treatment.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Photo-electric processes"

Khrypunov, G., A. Meriuts, H. Klochko, T. Shelest, and A. Khrypunova. "Investigation of thin film solar cells on CdS/CdTe base with different back contacts." Thesis, Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland, 2010. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/40526.

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The peculiarities of photo-electric processes in thin film CdS/CdTe solar cells (SC) with different back electrodes (Cu/Au, ITO, Cu/ITO) havebeen studied. As it was established by capacitance – voltage (C-V) characteristics, the potential barrier heights for CdTe/Cu/Au and CdTe/ITO were 0.3 eV and 2.2 eV, respectively. The concentrations of charge carriers near back contact consisted 9⋅10²⁰ m⁻³ and 2⋅10²¹ m⁻³, respectively. A high carrier concentration and hi gh potential barrier of the ITO back contact caused the tunnel – recombination mechanism of the charge transport. The investigations of CdS/CdTe/ITO SC spectral photosensitivity testify a negative impact of the developed grain-boundary surface of the base layer on the processes of diffusion and separation of non-equilibrium currentcarriers generated by short-wave radiation. It is shown that the deposition of Cu nanolayer before the deposition of ITO films give stable efficiency 10% for bifacial CdS/CdTe solar cells.

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Huang, Kuo-Ming, and 黃國閔. "The Study of Annealing Processes on Porous Silicon and Its Analysis on Photo-Electric Properties." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87155088506486605657.

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碩士
中國文化大學
材料科學與奈米科技研究所
96
In this study, the white light emissions, including red, green and blue (RGB) colors, appearing on the same PS samples are originally proposed by a thermal annealing method. Porous silicon films are fabricated by electrochemical etching on crystalline silicon substrates. Also, the microstructures of porous silicon films are analyzed. In addition, the unique photo-electronic properties and their applications are researched. Using electrochemical etching equipment with O-rings, electrodes, Teflon tubes and Cu plates, crystalline silicon can be etched to form a porous film. Under an ultraviolet light illumination, the porous silicon samples have strong photoluminescence (PL) properties. In the experiments , the PL, SEM, FTIR and I-V/C-V are used to evaluate the porous silicon characteristics especially for the surface bonding, photoluminescence properties and electrical properties. When the porous silicon films were annealed in the temperature range of 400-800℃, some structure variations are observed. The result show that the intensity of the blue-green-light emission increases with the increase of annealing temperature. The scope of PL curves contained the entire visible spectrum, so the white light emission on the surface of porous silicon under He-Cd laser beam can be observed at room temperature.

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Частини книг з теми "Photo-electric processes"

Qixiang, Cao, Ye Shaoyiang, Xie Bing, and Zhong Yuexian. "Modelling of Free Large Forging Processes by Photo-electric Scanning Moire’ Method." In Advanced Technology of Plasticity 1987, 1235–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11046-1_70.

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FUJIHIRA, Masamichi. "PHOTO-ELECTRIC CONVERSION WITH LANGMUIR-BLODGETT FILMS." In Photochemical Processes in Organized Molecular Systems, 463–82. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88878-5.50037-x.

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Grätzel, Michael. "Photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical conversion of solar energy." In Energy... beyond oil. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199209965.003.0010.

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The Sun provides about 100,000 Terawatts (TW) to the Earth, which is approximately ten thousand times greater than the world’s present rate of energy consumption (14 TW). Photovoltaic (PV) cells are being used increasingly to tap into this huge resource and will play a key role in future sustainable energy systems. Indeed, our present needs could be met by covering 0.5% of the Earth’s surface with PV installations that achieve a conversion efficiency of 10%. Fig. 8.1 shows a simple diagram of how a conventional photovoltaic device works. The top and bottom layers are made of an n-doped and p-doped silicon, where the charge of the mobile carriers is negative (electrons) or positive (holes), respectively. The p-doped silicon is made by ‘doping’ traces of an electron-poor element such as gallium into pure silicon, whereas n-doped silicon is made by doping with an electron-rich element such as phosphorus. When the two materials contact each other spontaneous electron and hole transfer across the junction produces an excess positive charge on the side of the n-doped silicon (A) and an excess negative charge on the opposite p-doped (B) side. The resulting electric field plays a vital role in the photovoltaic energy conversion process. Absorption of sunlight generates electron-hole pairs by promoting electrons from the valence band to the conduction band of the silicon. Electrons are minority carriers in the p-type silicon while holes are minority carriers in the n-type material. Their lifetime is very short as they recombine within microseconds with the oppositely charged majority carriers. The electric field helps to collect the photo-induced carriers because it attracts the minority carriers across the junction as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 8.1, generating a net photocurrent. As there is no photocurrent flowing in the absence of a field, the maximum photo-voltage that can be attained by the device equals the potential difference that is set up in the dark at the p-n junction. For silicon this is about 0.7V. So far, solid-state junction devices based on crystalline or amorphous silicon (Si) have dominated photovoltaic solar energy converters, with 94% of the market share.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Photo-electric processes"

GURINOVICH, L. I., A. P. STUPAK, S. Ya PRISLOPSKI, S. V. GAPONENKO, and M. V. ARTEMYEV. "PHOTO-INDUCED PROCESSES IN CdSe/ZnS QUANTUM DOTS UNDER EXTERNAL ELECTRIC FIELD." In Proceedings of International Conference Nanomeeting – 2011. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814343909_0047.

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Kim, Hyeong Cheol, and Jung-Ryul Lee. "Multiplexed Fiber Optic Temperature Monitoring Sensor Using Hard-Polymer-Clad Fiber and an Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3087.

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Optical fiber temperature sensing systems have incomparable advantages than the traditional electric cable based monitoring systems. As of now, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are most popular because of its wavelength domain multiplexing capability. However, grating writing process is complex and takes long time and photosensitive fibers for the typical grating writing process are expensive. In addition, sensing systems for FBGs are also expensive. Therefore, this study proposes multiplexed fiber optic temperature monitoring sensor system using an economical Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) and Hard-Polymer-Clad Fiber (HPCF). HPCF is a specific type of optical fiber, in which a hard polymer cladding made of fluoroacrylate acts as a protective coating for an inner silica core. An OTDR is an optical loss measurement system that provides optical loss and event distance measurement in real time. Multiplexed sensor nodes were economically and quickly made by locally stripping HPCF clad through photo-thermal and photo-chemical processes using a continuous/pulse hybrid-mode laser with 10 m intervals. The core length exposed was easily controlled by adjusting the laser beam diameter, and the exposed core created a backscattering signal in the OTDR attenuation trace. The backscattering peak was sensitive to the temperature variation. Since the elaborated HPCF temperature sensor was insensitive to strain applied to the sensor node and to temperature variation in the normal HPCF line, neither strain compensation nor isolation technique are required. These characteristics are important advantages for the use as structure-integrated temperature sensors. The performance characteristics of the sensor nodes include an operating range of up to 120 C, a resolution of 1.52 C, a tensile strain resistance of 13%.

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Gorthala, Ravi. "Tri-Sol (Building-Integrated, Three-in-One Solar) Technology Development." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49437.

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A unique solar technology that can be building-integrated, which harnesses both visible and infrared spectrums of solar radiation, utilizes direct and diffuse radiation to produce electricity and hot water, and delivers daylight, has been conceptualized. This technology is a three-in-one (named Tri-Sol), low/medium-concentration, building-integrated, skylight system for commercial buildings. However, this technology can be utilized for building facades and other building envelope components. A key component of the technology is linear Fresnel lenses. These lenses can be designed to be thin and light-weight. Sunlight, concentrated by the linear Fresnel lenses with a low-cost single axis tracker, focuses on a high-efficiency, thin Photo Voltaic (PV) strip that is in contact with a thermal absorber. Electricity produced by PV strips can be processed and distributed from an electric power management system. The thermal absorber houses a sealed heat pipe for cooling the PV strip and producing hot water. The water-cooled condenser section of the heat pipe is external to the skylight so that there is no issue of water leakage through the skylight. Hot water produced can be used for end-use, space heating, or absorption cooling. All diffuse light that cannot be concentrated by Fresnel lenses is delivered into the building interior space. A pre-prototype of Tri-Sol technology was designed and built at University of New Haven (UNH). Solar Testing and Training Laboratory (STTL) at UNH houses solar thermal collector equipment with a capability to perform Solar Rating and Certification Corporation (SRCC) tests. The Tri-Sol module was mounted on the SRCC test equipment at UNH and was tested outdoors to identify any issues or design enhancements.

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Wojnar, Olek, Eric D. Swenson, and Gregory W. Reich. "Analyzing Carbohydrate-Based Regenerative Fuel Cells as a Power Source for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-395.

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Based on current capabilities, we examine the feasibility of creating a carbohydrate-based regenerative fuel cell (CRFC) as the primary power source for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for long endurance missions where station keeping is required. The CRFC power system evaluated in this research is based on a closed-loop construct where carbohydrates are generated from zooxanthellae, algae which create excess carbohydrates during photosynthesis. The carbohydrates are then fed to a carbohydrate fuel cell where electric power is generated for the UAV’s propulsion, flight control, payload, and accessory systems. The waste products from the fuel cell, carbon dioxide and water, are used by the zooxanthellae to create more carbohydrates, therefore mass is conserved in the process of power generation. The overall goal of this research is to examine the potential of CRFCs as a viable power source for UAV systems, to look at scaling issues related to different vehicle sizes and missions, and to identify sensitivities in the CRFC system to different system parameters, indicating the areas where technology improvements may make CRFCs a viable technology. Through simulations, a UAV is sized to determine if greater than 24 hour endurance flight is possible and these results are compared to UAVs using more traditional photo-cell based power systems. The initial results suggest that CRFCs have potential as a power system for long endurance UAVs, and could offer significant improvements to the overall system performance. The final outcome of this research is to identify the most important areas for more detailed follow-on work in designing a production-ready CRFC power system for long endurance UAVs.

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Cunningham, Violet, Alexander Tilton, Dylon Maertens, and Shawn Duan. "Innovative Design of Indoor-Outdoor Powerchair." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23497.

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Abstract People with disabilities often struggle with mobility issues, so there is a strong desire for devices such as powerchairs, which can provide more freedom. Currently, wheelchair demand in the US is increasing due to an upsurge in the elderly population. Often electric powerchairs suitable for outdoor use are extremely expensive, cannot be used indoors, and are not covered by medical insurance. In this project, these problems are addressed through the design of a chair which is suitable for both rough outdoor terrain and indoor use. This project is based on a request for a powerchair which our client’s son, who has cerebral palsy, can use on family trips in outdoor environments including grass, gravel, and sand. A photo of a previous nonfunctional prototype was provided to the team as a reference, and a full redesign was performed to resolve the problems identified. Before proceeding with the design, various sources were consulted to gain a thorough understanding of currently available technology and design methods. Many different adjustment methods and features were considered, including an adjustable frame, tracks, and a lifting system for curb mounting. The overall design selected is a welded sheet metal frame with wheels, and it was determined that the chair should have an adjustable wheelbase width to provide both outdoor stability and indoor maneuverability. Key considerations for the design include battery life, motor torque, maximum load, seat size, door width, and cost. The final specifications are based on the needs of the client, Kevin Sample, as well as an analysis of the wider consumer market. The width adjustment design uses an axle above the driving wheels, which are connected to it by sliding sleeves. Automatic adjustment is accomplished using a linear actuator. The drive wheels are large and run at low pressure to surmount obstacles and damp vibrations. Differential steering combined with rear caster wheels gives the chair a small turning radius, and its length is comparable to that of standard manual wheelchairs. The seat can be easily removed to access the battery and control system or to load the chair into a vehicle. A joystick is used to control the speed and direction of the chair, while a separate momentary switch is used for the linear actuator. Throughout the modeling process, stress analysis was performed using simulations in Inventor. Any necessary adjustments were made to ensure that none of the parts will fail, considering both failure theory and fatigue. Various grades of aluminum were selected for the majority of the manufactured parts, due to their corrosion resistance and light weight. The device is currently in the prototype manufacturing stage. If it is later marketed, a curb mounting device may also be included; this was decided against mainly due to cost and time restrictions. Space has also been left for a carrying basket, which will likely be added to the first prototype. The initial goal is to produce a single chair for our client, although the design may later be submitted for Medicare and ADA approval.

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