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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Phoma tropica"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Phoma tropica"

Rai, Mahendra, Aniket Gade, Beata Zimowska, Avinash P. Ingle, and Pramod Ingle. "A HARNESSING THE POTENTIAL OF NOVEL BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS PRODUCED BY ENDOPHYTIC Phoma spp.: BIOMEDICAL AND AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 19, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2020.6.3.

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Endophytes are those inhabiting in plants without causing any apparent loss to the host plant. Phoma is a ubiquitously found genus of fungi in soil, water and air. Endophytic Phoma spp. are distributed with high specific diversity, those occur in plants and are mainly responsible for the production of a vast range of secondary metabolites. These secondary metabolites or the bioactive compounds have demonstrated a wide range of activity ranging from antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, algicidal, cytotoxic, antitubercular and plant growth promoting, etc. Bioactive compounds are produced by Phoma herbarum, P. sorghina, P. exigua, P. macrostoma, P. medicaginis, P. betae, P. tropica and others. The present review emphasizes on different species of endophytic Phoma as novel source of bioactive compounds, and their applications in medicine and agriculture are documented.

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V A, Patil, Mehta B P, Sabalpara A N, and Deshmukh A J. "Evaluation of Botanicals against Phoma tropica Causing Leaf Spot Disease in Lablab purpureus." Madras Agricultural Journal 99, JUNE (2012): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.100086.

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The aqueous phytoextracts of commonly available seventeen plant species were evaluated in vitro by poisoned food technique against their inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth and micro-sclerotial formation in Phoma tropica. The extract of Gando baval (Prosopis juliflora L.) proved excellent in inhibiting mycelial growth and micro-sclerotial production. Extracts of nilgiri, turmeric, marigold. Pink barmasi, tulsi, ardusi, Jetropha, Bougainvillea, karanj, Lantana, onion, ginger, garlic, Dhatura and neem were found slightly inhibitory.

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Garibaldi, A., G. Gilardi, G. Ortu, and M. L. Gullino. "First Report of Leaf Spot of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Caused by Phoma tropica in Italy." Plant Disease 96, no. 9 (September 2012): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-12-0394-pdn.

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Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is widely grown in Italy, with the production for the preparation of ready-to-eat salads becoming increasingly important. During the spring of 2011, a previously unknown leaf spot was observed on L. sativa plants, cv Rubia, grown in several plastic tunnels in Lumbardy (northern Italy), 20 to 25 days after sowing. Thirty to forty per cent of leaves of the plants growing in the part of the tunnel with the highest relative humidity were affected. Leaves of infected plants showed extensive, irregular, dark brown, necrotic lesions with a chlorotic halo. Lesions initially ranged from 0.5 to 3 mm, then eventually coalesced, reaching 2 to 3 cm, showing a well-defined, dark brown border. Affected leaves senesced and withered. The crown was not affected by the disease. Diseased tissue was excised, immersed in a solution containing 1% sodium hypochlorite for 60 s, rinsed in water, then cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA), amended with 25 mg/l of streptomycin sulphate. After 5 days, a fungus developed, producing a greenish grey mycelium with a white border when incubated under 12 h/day of fluorescent light at 21 to 23°C. In order to favor the production of conidia, the fungus was transferred on malt extract agar (MA) and maintained under 12 h/day of fluorescent light at 22°C. After 15 days, black pycnidia, 175 to 225 μm, developed, with hyaline, elliptical, unicellular conidia, measuring 3.21 to 6.7 × 1.08 to 3.2 (average 5.5 × 1.9) μm. On the basis of these morphological characteristics, the fungal causal agent of the disease could be related to the genus Phoma (2). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA of the isolate PHT30 was amplified using the primers ITS1/ITS4 and sequenced. BLAST analysis (1) of the 466-bp segment showed a 99% similarity with the sequence of Phoma tropica (GenBank Accession No. JF923820.1). The nucleotide sequence has been assigned the GenBank Accession No. JQ954396. Pathogenicity tests were performed by spraying healthy 20-day-old lettuce plants, cv Rubia, with a spore suspension (1 × 105 conidia/ml) prepared from 14-day-old colonies of the strain PHT30 grown on MA cultures. Plants inoculated with water alone served as controls. Ten plants per isolate were used. Plants were covered with plastic bags for 5 days after inoculation and maintained in a growth chamber at 20°C and 80% relative humidity. The first foliar lesions, similar to those occurring on the naturally infected plants, developed on leaves 12 days after inoculation. Control plants remained healthy. The pathogen was consistently reisolated from leaf lesions. The pathogenicity test was completed twice. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of P. tropica on lettuce in Italy as well as worldwide. In the United States, the presence of P. exigua was reported in 2006 (3). The economic importance of the disease at present is limited, probably also because symptoms can be confused with those caused by Botrytis cinerea. However, P. tropica could become a more significant problem because of the importance of the crop. References: (1) S. F. Altschul et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389, 1997. (2) G. H. Boerema. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 67:289, 1976. (3) S. Y. Koike. Plant Dis. 90:1268, 2006.

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Krishnamoorthy, R., P. Arul Jose, M. Ranjith, R. Anandham, K. Suganya, J. Prabhakaran, S. Thiyageshwari, Jijo Johnson, N. O. Gopal, and K. Kumutha. "Decolourisation and degradation of azo dyes by mixed fungal culture consisted of Dichotomomyces cejpii MRCH 1-2 and Phoma tropica MRCH 1-3." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 6, no. 1 (February 2018): 588–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.12.035.

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Mallmann, Guilherme, Jaqueline Rosemeire Verzignassi, Celso Dornelas Fernandes, Jaime Maia dos Santos, Marta Helena Vechiato, Carlos Antonio Inácio, Margareth Vieira Batista, and Carolina de Arruda Queiroz. "Fungos e nematoides associados a sementes de forrageiras tropicais." Summa Phytopathologica 39, no. 3 (September 2013): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-54052013000300010.

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Objetivou-se avaliar a incidência de fungos e nematoides em sementes de Brachiaria sp. e Panicum maximum produzidas nos estados de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Mato Grosso (MT), Goiás (GO), Minas Gerais (MG) e São Paulo (SP). Os principais fungos encontrados nas sementes foram Bipolaris sp., Curvularia sp. e Phoma sp.. As menores incidências destes fungos foram encontradas nas sementes das cultivares BRS Piatã e Xaraés de Brachiaria brizantha e Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, oriundas dos estados de GO, MG e MS, respectivamente. As cultivares Marandu e BRS Piatã, provenientes das várias regiões, apresentaram elevada ocorrência de Aphelenchoides sp. e Ditylenchus sp.. Sementes da cultivar Humidicola, de Brachiaria humidicola, produzidas em MS e SP, não apresentaram associação com nematoides. As sementes de Panicum maximum cv. Massai e cv. Mombaça apresentaram maiores incidências de Bipolaris sp., Cladosporium sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp. e Phoma sp., bem como de Aphelenchoides sp. e Ditylenchus sp., especialmente nas sementes produzidas em MT. Alguns dos patógenos encontrados são agentes causais de doenças de grande importância em forrageiras, a exemplo de Bipolaris sp., causando a mancha foliar do Panicum, de alta severidade em Tanzânia, proporcionando sérios comprometimentos da sustentabilidade das pastagens.

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Herath, Kithsiri, Guy Harris, Hiranthi Jayasuriya, Deborah Zink, Scott Smith, Francisca Vicente, Gerald Bills, et al. "Isolation, structure and biological activity of phomafungin, a cyclic lipodepsipeptide from a widespread tropical Phoma sp." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 17, no. 3 (February 2009): 1361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2008.12.009.

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Santos, Gil Rodrigues dos, Paulo Henrique Tschoeke, Luciana de Godoi Silva, Marcela Cristina Agustini Carneiro da Silveira, Higor Barbosa Reis, Deyvid Rocha Brito, and Dalmarcia de Souza Carlos. "Sanitary analysis, transmission and pathogenicity of fungi associated with forage plant seeds in tropical regions of Brazil." Journal of Seed Science 36, no. 1 (2014): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2317-15372014000100007.

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Brazil is a major producer and exporter of beef in the world, 90% of the production is made in pasture and 85% of cultivated pastures in the country are Brachiaria sp. With a growing livestock industry in the recent years, several forage plant diseases became significant importance for causing losses in pasture productivity and quality. This study aims at quantifying the species of fungi associated with seeds and their frequency in forage plants from tropical regions of Brazil. Assays were performed considering: incidence, pathogenicity and seed-seedling transmission of fungi associated with seeds. Therefore, 28 lots of forage species seeds produced in the harvest of 2010-2011 were used. Fourteen genera of fungi associated with seeds were found, among which Bipolaris sp., Phoma sp., and Curvularia sp. had pathogenic potential. It was possible to note that Bipolaris sp., is prejudicial to forage seedlings of Brachiaria, Panicum and Crotalaria. Bipolaris sp. and Curvularia sp. have an average of seed-seedling transmission of 100% and 90%, respectively.

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Ojha, Suprakash, Manoranjan Chakraborty, and Narayan Chandra Chatterjee. "Antagonistic potentials of Trichoderma Spp. against fruit rot of custard apple caused by Phoma ligam." Journal of Bio-Science 19 (December 19, 2012): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.12995.

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Context: Custard-apple (Annona squamosa Linn.) is a popular tropical fruit and fruit-rot disease caused by Phoma lingam leads to considerable qualitative and quantitative damages to the fruit in the area under study. Objective: Studies were conducted to investigate the antagonistic potential of five Trichoderma spp. namely, T. harzianum, T. hamatum, T. lignorum, T. reesei and T. viride against in vitro growth of the pathogen followed by field experiments. Materials and Methods: Dual culture plate, closed petriplate and food poisoning technique were followed in order to ascertain the antagonistic potential of the five species of Trichoderma. Hyphal interaction between the pathogen and T. viride was studied by collecting mycelial samples from the interaction zone of dual culture plate and was processed for scanning electron microscope. Plants with infected fruits were sprayed with spore suspension of T. viride and two commercial bioformulations of T. viride viz. Trichofix and Trichoguard for three times at a dose of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% prepared in distilled water. Results: All the Trichoderma species more or less effectively inhibited the growth of the pathogen through mycoparasitism, production of volatile and non-volatile metabolites. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) micrographs revealed that hyphal interaction between P. lingam and T. viride leads to lysis of the pathogenic mycelium by the antagonist. Field experiments with spore suspension of T. viride and Trichofix and Trichoguard significantly reduced fruit rot incidence of custard-apple. Conclusion: The results of the current study indicate that adoption of biocontrol based disease management programmes can be effectively utilized against similar fruit diseases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.12995 J. bio-sci. 19: 15-21, 2011

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Elorriaga-Verplancken, Fernando R., Laura Morales-Luna, Gisela Heckel, and Yolanda Schramm. "Foraging ecology of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) from Baja California, Mexico: inferences from stable isotopes in pups." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96, no. 4 (December 22, 2015): 903–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415002143.

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Harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) are the only phocid species found in Mexico. There is evidence that harbour seals at other latitudes exhibit non-migratory behaviour; however, there is lack of knowledge regarding this species' movements in Mexico. In contrast, elephant seal migrations to high latitudes are documented. In order to analyse this behaviour in harbour seals, hair samples (N = 19) were collected from weaned, or nearly weaned, pups on Natividad Island, Baja California (BC), during the 2013 breeding season (February). Lanugo samples (N = 20) were also collected from elephant seal pups on the San Benito Archipelago (60 km north of Natividad) during the same season, providing information on maternal foraging during the last 4–5 months before sampling. Of the two species, BC harbour seals had higher isotope values, reflecting their non-migratory behaviour. These differences may be due to the depleted base values in the higher latitude foraging areas used by northern elephant seals relative to the areas around Natividad frequented by harbour seals. A lower trophic position by elephant seals was considered but taken as an unlikely explanation for this variation. Bayesian analysis confirmed the distinction, with a low overlap value (0.4) and different isotopic spaces (Phoca: 0.5, Mirounga: 1.6). Building upon previous studies of the trophic ecology of the two phocids that inhabit the region, we provide new information by comparing the two species during the same season using the same tissue type sampled from individuals of similar age classes.

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Renner, Martin, Mayumi L. Arimitsu, and John F. Piatt. "Structure of marine predator and prey communities along environmental gradients in a glaciated fjord." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 12 (December 2012): 2029–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2012-117.

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Spatial patterns of marine predator communities are influenced to varying degrees by prey distribution and environmental gradients. We examined physical and biological attributes of an estuarine fjord with strong glacier influence to determine the factors that most influence the structure of predator and prey communities. Our results suggest that some species, such as walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), and glaucous-winged gull (Larus glaucescens), were widely distributed across environmental gradients, indicating less specialization, whereas species such as capelin (Mallotus villosus), harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), and Kittlitz's murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) appeared to have more specialized habitat requirements related to glacial influence. We found that upper trophic level communities were well correlated with their mid trophic level prey community, but strong physical gradients in photic depth, temperature, and nutrients played an important role in community structure as well. Mid-trophic level forage fish communities were correlated with the physical gradients more closely than upper trophic levels were, and they showed strong affinity to tidewater glaciers. Silica was closely correlated with the distribution of fish communities, the mechanisms of which deserve further study.

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Дисертації з теми "Phoma tropica"

Lesage, Véronique. "Trophic relationships, seasonal diving activity and movements of harbour seals, Phoca vitulina concolor, in the St. Lawrence River Estuary, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ44770.pdf.

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