Дисертації: "Philosophy of affective states"

1

Potter, Eugenie Ann Conser. "The linguistic turn in philosophy of education: An historical study of selected factors affecting an academic discipline." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184401.

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From the late 1950s to about 1970, philosophers of education began to adopt a mode of philosophizing characterized as "the linguistic turn," after a similar change in general philosophy. This involved a move away from the older "isms" approach rooted in metaphysics towards linguistic and conceptual analysis. The linguistic turn has been attributed to intellectual history--the influence of ideas on a field. The central argument of this study, however, is that during the 1950s, factors external to academia, but acting upon it, interacted with concerns by educational philosophers themselves to create the conditions for the linguistic turn. These factors included the attacks on public schooling and "educationists," the teacher education reform movement, the Ford Foundation funding of liberal arts oriented teacher preparation, and, within the academy, the concern on the part of educational philosophers for the academic legitimacy of their discipline. These factors led philosophers of education to model their discourse more closely on the reigning paradigm in general philosophy, linguistic analysis. The attacks on public schooling were centered on progressivism for its alleged anti-intellectualism and subversive character. Philosophers of education were the particular targets of these critics. Teacher preparation in education schools also came under scrutiny during this period. The Ford Foundation's Fund for the Advancement of Education underwrote major programs that centered teacher preparation in a liberal arts curriculum, with only minimal coursework devoted to professional training. In addition, the National Commission for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) supported such a reorientation, with a concomitant weakening of educational philosophy's place in teacher education programs. Philosophers of education responded by lobbying for the inclusion of their courses in certification requirements, forging an alliance with the American Philosophical Association, reducing the social activism that had characterized earlier educational philosophers' efforts, and adopting the more academically legitimate methods of general philosophy. In the short term these actions assured educational philosophy a place in teacher education programs. In the long run, however, the linguistic turn may have jeopardized the survival of educational philosophy as an academic field by creating a chasm between philosopher and practitioner.

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2

GILTRI, MARTA. "From Real Affective States towards Affective Agents Modeling." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/404517.

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La modellazione di agenti che tiene conto di emozioni e stati affettivi costituisce un argomento di discussione piuttosto importante nell’ambito della simulazione ad agenti, soprattutto per via di come introdurre parametri affettivi nella modellazione possa contribuire a rendere le simulazioni più realistiche. In questo ambito di ricerca, però, il modo di introdurre nei modelli parametri in grado di regolare lo stato affettivo degli agenti per da influenzarne azioni e comportamenti è spesso basato sui modelli emozionali che si trovano in letteratura, oppure sulle teorie e i modelli fisici che vengono solitamente utilizzati per la modellazione di pedoni e folle. L’approccio presentato in questo lavoro, quindi, mira ad approcciare il problema dal punto di vista dei dati, puntando ad arrivare alla modellazione di agenti affettivi partendo da dati provenienti da persone reali ed acquisiti tramite esperimenti creati ad hoc con il preciso obiettivo di studiare reazioni e comportamenti da poter poi tradurre in modellazione. In particolare, in questo lavoro il problema viene affrontato concentrandosi in particolare sull’ambito pedonale, osservando diversi tipi di interazione coinvolgenti pedoni tramite quattro diversi esperimenti atti a raccogliere dati in grado di descrivere le interazioni operate dai soggetti per poi inserirle in un contesto di modellazione. Gli esperimenti vengono effettuati in vivo, in vitro e online, osservando le interazioni di pedoni con veicoli, ostacoli in movimento ed altri pedoni, raccogliendo dati riguardo queste diverse interazioni tramite dati fisiologici e questionari atti a profilare i partecipanti e a fornire maggiori informazioni riguardo al comportamento e alle reazioni da loro dimostrate. I dati raccolti vengono quindi utilizzati per la modellazione, prima in ambito di automi cellulari e poi, successivamente, nell’ambito dei sistemi multi-agente, mostrando come le informazioni ricavate dai dati vengano integrate all’interno dei modelli al fine di includere parametri affettivi che, in base ai valori assegnati, influenzino in un certo modo il comportamento degli agenti. Vengono poi proposte alcune simulazioni derivanti dai modelli, ai fini di osservare come i parametri affettivi introdotti influenzino il comportamento degli agenti in azione in determinate situazioni.
The modeling of agents involving emotions and affective states constitutes a relevant discussion topic in the research concerning multi-agent simulations, especially because of how the introduction of affective parameters inside the modeling process could effectively make the produced simulations more realistic. In this research area, though, the modality in which parameters regulating the affective state of agents are introduced into models, so that the agents’ behaviour and actions are influenced by them, is always based on emotional models found in literature, or on physics theories and models usually involved for the modeling of pedestrians and crowds. The approach this work presents, then, aims at tackling this problem from the point of view of data, thus wanting to get to affective agent modeling starting from data coming from real people, acquired through ad-hoc experiments with the precise goal of observing reactions and behaviour to be later translated inside a model. In particular, the focus of this work falls on the research on pedestrians and walkability, observing different types of interactions involving pedestrians through four different experiment through which gather data able to describe the participants’ interactions to then implement them in the modeling step. The proposed experiments are executed in-vivo, in-vitro and online, observing pedestrian interactions with vehicles, moving obstacles and other pedestrians, gathering data regarding these interactions through physiological data and questionnaires made for profiling purposes and in order to have more information regarding the subjects’ behaviour and reactions. The gathered data is then used for modeling, firstly from the point of view of cellular automata and then passing on to the multi-agent systems perspective, showing how the information obtained from the data is introduced inside the models to be parametrized in affective parameters that, depending on the assigned values, could influence in a certain way the behaviour of the agents. After that, some simulation instances derived from the models are presented, as to observe how the affective parameters that were introduced in the models actively influence the behaviour of agents acting and moving in certain situations.

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3

Taylor, Richard James. "Affective perception." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a5fe8467-c5e5-4cda-9875-ab46d67c4a62.

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This thesis aims to present and defend an account of affective perception. The central argument seeks to establish three claims. 1) Certain emotional bodily feelings (and not just psychic feelings) are world-directed intentional states. 2) Their intentionality is to be understood in perceptual terms: such feelings are affective perceptions of emotional properties of a certain kind. 3) These ‘emotion-proper properties’ are response-dependent in a way that entails that appropriate affective responses to their token instances qualify, ipso facto, as perceptions of those instances. The arguments for (1) and (2) appeal directly to the phenomenology of emotional experience and draw heavily from recent research by Peter Goldie and Matthew Ratcliffe. By applying Goldie’s insights into the intentional structure of psychic feelings to the case of emotional bodily feelings, it is shown that certain of the latter—particularly those pertaining to the so-called ‘standard’ emotions—exemplify world-directed intentionality analogous to the perceptual intentionality of tactile feelings. Adapting Ratcliffe’s account of the analogy between tactile feelings and what he terms ‘existential feelings’, it is argued that standard emotional bodily feelings are at the same time intrinsically intentional world-directed perceptual states (affective perceptions) through which the defining properties of emotional objects (emotion-proper properties) are apprehended. The subsequent account of these properties endorses a response-dependence thesis similar to that defended by John McDowell and David Wiggins and argues that tokening an appropriate emotional affective state in response to a token emotion-proper property is both a necessary and a sufficient condition for perception of that property (Claim (3)). The central claim is thus secured by appeal both to the nature of the relevant feelings and the nature of the relevant properties (the former being intrinsically intentional representational states and the latter being response-dependent in a way that guarantees the perceptual status of the former).

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4

Klempan, Rosalinde. "Premenstrual affective subtype differentiation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5381.

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5

Gunn, Rachel. "Delusion and affective framing." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8117/.

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Clinically significant delusion is a symptom of a number of mental illnesses. We rely on what a person says and how she behaves in order to identify if she has this symptom and it is clear from the literature that delusions are heterogeneous and extremely difficult to define. People with active delusions were interviewed to explore what it is like to develop and experience delusion. The transcribed interview data was analysed to identify themes and narrative trajectories that help to explain the phenomenon. Results showed that delusions can sometimes provide pragmatic (protective) benefits and that the genesis of some delusions can be characterised in terms of the enactivist notion of affective framing. Affective framing is a term that captures the background emotions that enable know-how in terms of goal directed action and cognition. If a person’s affective frame alters the world is no longer understood and know-how is lost. The way in which a person relates to her environment can be highly anomalous thus requiring her to find an extraordinary explanation. I argue that delusions arise as a result of a breakdown in affective framing and offer a conceptualisation of delusion supported by empirical findings.

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6

Sim, Jiaying. "Decentering Chineseness : towards affective transsensorial cinemas." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30664/.

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What can cinema as an industry and medium teach us about the roles and parameters that define a “body” within a contemporary and globalised climate of interwoven flows of exchanges and practices? How does cinema make visible and tangible otherwise invisible transsensorial and affective modes of interactions that a body actively engages with other bodies, to create meanings beyond the limitations and capacities of a single body’s subjectivity and materiality? I address these areas of inquiry by examining four case studies of film examples produced from Singapore, Taiwan, People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and America that feature ethnic “Chinese” bodies on screen. This thesis sets out to illustrate how meaning is easily imposed on bodies—whether tied to the ethnic, visual, or tangible—rendering them passive where they are mere products of social construction with no individual agency or autonomy. However, contemporary practices of filmmaking and new ways of thinking about film experiences reveal that the body is in fact an active-affective producer of meanings. As such, the body can no longer be approached as a passive central locus where its meaning is defined solely by transnational, transcultural, or other grand narratives. This thesis posits a “transsensorial” object-oriented, and new-materialist approach within the field of transnational Chinese cinemas studies that regards bodies on-screen beyond audiovisual signs to consider the materiality and immateriality of their production and productivity. Bodies are reframed as “body-without-organs” to consider the affective processes that produce them within specific ecologies—and their productive affective potentials to interrelate and encounter other bodies not-yet-formed. Through which, this thesis makes a case for cinema’s potential to produce thinking active-bodies and how bodies make sense of the worlds they are part of beyond subjective notions of lived experiences whether construed through different various inflections of social constructed identities based on trans-national, or trans-cultural discourses.

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7

Tiller, D. K. "Structure in the affective lexicon." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233564.

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8

Kerr, Alison Duncan. "Affective Rationality." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405090073.

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9

Backhouse, Susan Helen. "Fluid ingestion, affective states and perceived exertion during prolonged exercise." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8948.

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The impact of nutritional intervention on affective states has largely been ignored in the exercise-affect literature. For decades the impact of such interventions on perceptions of exertion has been well documented. However, Hardy and Rejeski (1989) assert that `what' a person feels, as measured by the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale, may be very different from `how' they feel, and that on its own the RPE provides limited information about the subjective experiences of individuals during exercise. This thesis describes a series of studies that assess the influence of various fluid ingestion regimes on both `how' and `what' a person feels. Seven studies were undertaken, incorporating a variety of exercise modes, including prolonged running (Study 1,3 & 7), prolonged cycling (Study 2& 4) and prolonged intermittent, high intensity exercise (Study 5,6 & 7). The relationship between fluid ingestion during exercise and affective states during and following exercise proved to be a complex one. The initial investigation (Study 1) showed that the ingestion of water during prolonged running resulted in an overall improvement in valence during the recovery period. A significant increase in activation was also noted in the water trial only, from pre to post exercise. Furthermore, subjective ratings of energy post-exercise were higher in the water trial, compared to the no water trial. In study 2 the beneficial effects observed in study 1 were not so apparent. In this instance the only significant change of interest was in energetic arousal, which was found to be higher 5 min post exercise in the water trial compared to the no water trial. When the ingestion of a CHO solution during exercise was compared to a placebo or flavoured water solution (Studies 3-7) the findings also varied. However, the observation of an enhanced affective profile following CHO ingestion in Study 4 and Study 5 highlights the importance of considering nutritional status and intervention when investigating the exercise-affect relationship. These studies have highlighted some important aspects in our understanding of the exercise-affect relationship alone. Firstly, a robust finding across all the studies was the observation of an almost uniformly positive shift in valence from the final within-exercise assessment to the post exercise assessments. Thus emphasising the dynamic nature of affect and the importance of repeated within exercise assessments. Secondly, moderate intensity exercise of a fixed duration was marked by highly variable inter-individual differences in the response of participants to the valence and activation dimensions. However, exercise to fatigue elicited a homogenous valence response as participants came closer to reaching their exercise capacity.

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10

Tao, Xiaomei. "Enhancing electronic intelligent tutoring systems by responding to affective states." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720002.

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The overall aim of this research is the exploration mechanisms which allow an understanding of the emotional state of students and the selection of an appropriate cognitive and affective feedback for students on the basis of students' emotional state and cognitive state in an affective learning environment. The learning environment in which this research is based is one in which students learn by watching an instructional video.

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11

Singh, Ashish. "A Dog Tail Interface for Communicating Affective States of Utility Robots." Springer, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23435.

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As robots continue to enter people's spaces and environments, it will be increasingly important to have effective interfaces for interaction and communication. One such aspect of this communication is people's awareness of the robot's actions and state. We believe that using high-level state representations, as a peripheral awareness channel, will help people to be aware of the robotic states in an easy to understand way. For example, when a robot is boxed in a small area, it can suggest a negative robot state (e.g., not willing to work in a small area as it cannot clean the entire room) by appearing unhappy to people. To investigate this, we built a robotic dog tail prototype and conducted a study to investigate how different tail motions (based on several motion parameters, e.g., speed) influence people’s perceptions of the robot. The results from this study formed design guidelines that Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) designers can leverage to convey robotic states. Further, we evaluated our overall approach and tested these guidelines by conducting a design workshop with interaction designers where we asked them to use the guidelines to design tail behaviors for various robotic states (e.g., looking for dirt) for robots working in different environments (e.g., domestic service). Results from this workshop helped in improving the confusing parts in our guidelines and making them easy to use by the designers. In conclusion, this thesis presents a set of solidified design guidelines that can be leveraged by HRI designers to convey the states of robots in a way that people can readily understand when and how to interact with them.

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12

Giurgiu, Mariana. "Appraisals of, and responses to, hypomanic states in bipolar affective disorder." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2011. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48138/.

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There has been an increased interest in the last decade in studying the cognitive processes that could explain the development and maintenance of bipolar affective disorder. Further research is needed to understand the interpretations people with bipolar affective disorder make about their energetic, positive moods and the mechanisms used to regulate their mood states. This study investigates the presence of extreme, personalised beliefs about internal states and cognitive strategies of positive mood regulation amongst remitted clinical participants with a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder. The inter-relation between positive and negative appraisals of energetic, agitated states on one hand and enhancing as well downregulating positive mood strategies on the other hand is also explored. Remitted bipolar participants (N= 30) were compared with healthy controls (N= 27) on measures of interpretations of hypomanic states (Hypomanic Attitudes and Positive Predictions Inventory, Mansell & Sadhani, 2007) and ruminative responses in regards to positive mood (Response to Positive Affect Questionnaire; Feldman, Joorman & Johnson, 2008). Levels of current mood at the time of data collection were assessed. Results indicated that people with a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder, in a remitted phase, showed elevated levels of positive extreme beliefs about their hypomanic states as well as higher levels of catastrophic, self-and-other critical and loss of control beliefs than people with no history of mental health difficulties. It was found that remitted bipolar affective participants are ambivalent about positive mood states, engaging in both enhancing and down-regulating positive mood strategies. Tendency to dampen positive affect was positively correlated with catastrophic and self-and-other critical beliefs about activated states. A positive association was also found between selfactivating beliefs and positive rumination strategies. The findings bring further evidence for VIII the theory driven cognitive model developed by Mansell, Morrison, Reid, Lowens & Tai, (2007), highlighting the importance of focusing in clinical practice on the interpretations people with bipolar affective disorder make about their internal states and the need to incorporate emotion regulation techniques in the treatment of this client group.

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13

McCurry, Katherine Lorraine. "The Development and Validation of a Neural Model of Affective States." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78166.

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Emotion dysregulation plays a central role in psychopathology (B. Bradley et al., 2011) and has been linked to aberrant activation of neural circuitry involved in emotion regulation (Beauregard, Paquette, & Lévesque, 2006; Etkin & Schatzberg, 2011). In recent years, technological advances in neuroimaging methods coupled with developments in machine learning have allowed for the non-invasive measurement and prediction of brain states in real-time, which can be used to provide feedback to facilitate regulation of brain states (LaConte, 2011). Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI)-guided neurofeedback, has promise as a novel therapeutic method in which individuals are provided with tailored feedback to improve regulation of emotional responses (Stoeckel et al., 2014). However, effective use of this technology for such purposes likely entails the development of (a) a normative model of emotion processing to provide feedback for individuals with emotion processing difficulties; and (b) best practices concerning how these types of group models are designed and translated for use in a rt-fMRI environment (Ruiz, Buyukturkoglu, Rana, Birbaumer, & Sitaram, 2014). To this end, the present study utilized fMRI data from a standard emotion elicitation paradigm to examine the impact of several design decisions made during the development of a whole-brain model of affective processing. Using support vector machine (SVM) learning, we developed a group model that reliably classified brain states associated with passive viewing of positive, negative, and neutral images. After validating the group whole-brain model, we adapted this model for use in an rt-fMRI experiment, and using a second imaging dataset along with our group model, we simulated rt-fMRI predictions and tested options for providing feedback.
Master of Science

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14

Wegener, Duane Theodore. "Mood and Activity Choice: Comparisons of Mood-Management Across Affective States." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391781795.

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15

Abaalkhail, Rana. "Ontology Based Framework for Conceptualizing Human Affective States and Their Influences." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38418.

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The study of human affective states and their influences has been a research interest in psychology for some time. Fortunately, the presence of an affective computing paradigm allows us to use theories and findings from the discipline of psychology in the representation and development of human affective applications. However, because of the complexity of the subject, it is possible to misunderstand concepts that are shared via human and/or computer communications. With the appearance of technological innovations in our lives, for instance the SemanticWeb and the Web Ontology Language (OWL), there is a stronger need for computers to better understand human affective states and their influences. The use of an ontology can be beneficial in order to represent human affective states and their influences in a machine-understandable format. Truly, ontologies provide powerful tools to make sense of data. Our thesis proposes HASIO, a Human Affective States and their Influences Ontology, designed based on existing psychological theories. HASIO was developed to represent the knowledge that is necessary to model affective states and their influences in a computerized format. It describes the human affective states (Emotion, Mood and Sentiment) and their influences (Personality, Need and Subjective well-being) and conceptualizes their models and recognition methods. HASIO also represents the relationships between affective states and the factors that influence them. We surveyed and analyzed existing ontologies regarding human affective states and their influences to realize the significance and profit of developing our proposed ontology (HASIO). We follow the Methontology approach, a comprehensive engineering methodology for ontology building, to design and build HASIO. An important aspect in determining the ontology scope is Competency Questions (CQs). We configure HASIO CQs by analyzing the resources from psychology theories, available lexicons and existing ontologies. In this thesis, we present the development, modularization and evaluation of HASIO. HASIO can profit from the modularization process by dividing the whole ontology in self-contained modules that are easy to reuse and maintain. The ontology is evaluated through Question Answering system (HASIOQA), a task-based evaluation system, for validation. We design and develop a natural language interface system for this purpose. Moreover, the proposed ontology was evaluated through the Ontology Pitfall Scanner for verification and correctness against several criteria. Furthermore, HASIO was used in sentiment analysis on diffrent Twitter dataset. We designed and developed a tweet polarity calculation algorithm. Additionally, we compare our ontology result with machine learning technique. We demonstrate and highlight the advantage of using ontology in sentiment analysis.

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16

Olugbade, Temitayo A. "Automatic monitoring of physical activity related affective states for chronic pain rehabilitation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10045652/.

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Chronic pain is a prevalent disorder that affects engagement in valued activities. This is a consequence of cognitive and affective barriers, particularly low self-efficacy and emotional distress (i.e. fear/anxiety and depressed mood), to physical functioning. Although clinicians intervene to reduce these barriers, their support is limited to clinical settings and its effects do not easily transfer to everyday functioning which is key to self-management for the person with pain. Analysis carried out in parallel with this thesis points to untapped opportunities for technology to support pain self-management or improved function in everyday activity settings. With this long-term goal for technology in mind, this thesis investigates the possibility of building systems that can automatically detect relevant psychological states from movement behaviour, making three main contributions. First, extension of the annotation of an existing dataset of participants with and without chronic pain performing physical exercises is used to develop a new model of chronic disabling pain where anxiety acts as mediator between pain and self-efficacy, emotional distress, and movement behaviour. Unlike previous models, which are largely theoretical and draw from broad measures of these variables, the proposed model uses event-specific data that better characterise the influence of pain and related states on engagement in physical activities. The model further shows that the relationship between these states and guarding during movement (the behaviour specified in the pain behaviour literature) is complex and behaviour descriptions of a lower level of granularity are needed for automatic classification of the states. The model also suggests that some of the states may be expressed via other movement behaviour types. Second, addressing this using the aforementioned dataset with the additional labels, and through an in-depth analysis of movement, this thesis provides an extended taxonomy of bodily cues for the automatic classification of pain, self-efficacy and emotional distress. In particular, the thesis provides understanding of novel cues of these states and deeper understanding of known cues of pain and emotional distress. Using machine learning algorithms, average F1 scores (mean across movement types) of 0.90, 0.87, and 0.86 were obtained for automatic detection of three levels of pain and self-efficacy and of two levels of emotional distress respectively, based on the bodily cues described and thus supporting the discriminative value of the proposed taxonomy. Third, based on this, the thesis acquired a new dataset of both functional and exercise movements of people with chronic pain based on low-cost wearable sensors designed for this thesis and informed by the previous studies. The modelling results of average F1 score of 0.78 for two-level detection of both pain and self-efficacy point to the possibility of automatic monitoring of these states in everyday functioning. With these contributions, the thesis provides understanding and tools necessary to advance the area of pain-related affective computing and groundbreaking insight that is critical to the understanding of chronic pain. Finally, the contributions lay the groundwork for physical rehabilitation technology to facilitate everyday functioning of people with chronic pain.

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17

Tsoukalas, Kyriakos. "On Affective States in Computational Cognitive Practice through Visual and Musical Modalities." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104069.

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Learners' affective states correlate with learning outcomes. A key aspect of instructional design is the choice of modalities by which learners interact with instructional content. The existing literature focuses on quantifying learning outcomes without quantifying learners' affective states during instructional activities. An investigation of how learners feel during instructional activities will inform the instructional systems design methodology of a method for quantifying the effects of individually available modalities on learners' affect. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate the relationship between affective states and learning modalities of instructional computing. During an instructional activity, learners' enjoyment, excitement, and motivation are measured before and after a computing activity offered in three distinct modalities. The modalities concentrate on visual and musical computing for the practice of computational thinking. An affective model for the practice of computational thinking through musical expression was developed and validated. This dissertation begins with a literature review of relevant theories on embodied cognition, learning, and affective states. It continues with designing and fabricating a prototype instructional apparatus and its virtual simulation as a web service, both for the practice of computational thinking through musical expression, and concludes with a study investigating participants' affective states before and after four distinct online computing activities. This dissertation builds on and contributes to extant literature by validating an affective model for computational thinking practice through self-expression. It also proposes a nomological network for the construct of computational thinking for future exploration of the construct, and develops a method for the assessment of instructional activities based on predefined levels of skill and knowledge.
Doctor of Philosophy
This dissertation investigates the role of learners' affect during instructional activities of visual and musical computing. More specifically, learners' enjoyment, excitement, and motivation are measured before and after a computing activity offered in four distinct ways. The computing activities are based on a prototype instructional apparatus, which was designed and fabricated for the practice of computational thinking. A study was performed using a virtual simulation accessible via internet browser. The study suggests that maintaining enjoyment during instructional activities is a more direct path to academic motivation than excitement.

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18

Williams, Thomas Haydn. "An edition of Manuscript Bodley 789 : aspects of late medieval affective piety in England." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323635.

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19

Gray, Victoria Kent. "A somatics of affect : articulating affective-kinaesthetic experience through BMC approaches to performance and writing." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2017. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/13454/.

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In the past two decades, there has been a ubiquitous turn to affect theory in discourses within the humanities and social sciences. Whilst it is the overarching intention of affect theory to bring the body back into focus in critical and cultural debate, this thesis identifies a paradoxical lack of theorisation regarding kinaesthetic experience in ‘the affective turn’ (Clough, 2007). Specifically, I identify a kinaesthetic gap in affect studies literatures, whose genealogy can be traced to a process philosophy lineage, thereby theorising affect as nonconscious, autonomic, and non-phenomenological (Clough, 2007; 2010a; 2010b; Gregg and Siegworth, 2010; Grosz, 2008; Hansen, 2006; Manning, 2009a; 2013; 2014; 2016; Massumi, 1995; 2002; 2011; 2015; Thrift, 2004a; 2008). I contend that this non-phenomenological movement has had significant consequences for practice-led researchers, such that, embodied articulation of affective experiences remains outside the frame of critical affect studies. In response, I coin the original term affective-kinaesthetic, to close the gap between affect and kinaesthesia, arguing that, the experience of affect is kinaesthetic in nature. These critiques are informed by my affective-kinaesthetic experience of conservatoire dance training, spinal injury, and my ongoing somatic performance practice. Thus, my research imperative is defined as affect-led, and my research approach is defined as somatic. By putting somatic practice, specifically, Body-Mind Centering (BMC), in conversation with affect studies, I develop a somatic approach to analysing and articulating affect, coined, a somatics of affect. Through the creation of two bodies of research-led performance works titled Prone (2011-2012) and Ballast (2014-2015), and attendant processes of what I term, somatic writing, I contribute a kinaesthetic epistemology of affective experiences to the field of affect studies. I conclude that somatic, and specifically practice-led voices are critical to the development of affect studies, despite being inaudible amongst more dominant affect theorists and philosophers; in short, that somatic voices are the critical, kinaesthetic future of affect theory.

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20

CARRANZA, PINEDO VICTOR RAFAEL. "THE LANDSCAPE OF AFFECTIVE MEANING." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/933926.

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Swear words are highly colloquial expressions that have the capacity to sig- nal the speaker’s affective states, i.e., to display the speaker’s feelings with respect to a certain stimulus. For this reason, swear words are often called expressives. Which linguistic mechanisms allow swear words display affective states, and, more importantly, how can such ‘affective content’ be character- ized in a theory of meaning? Even though research on expressive meaning has produced models that integrate the affective aspects of swear words in a compositional framework, there is extensive evidence that swear words can- not be assigned a single or stable affective interpretation across contexts. For example, even though expletive adjectives (e.g., 'damn'), particularistic insults (e.g., 'bastard') and slurs (e.g., 'wop') typically express (and elicit) negatively valenced affective states, they can also be interpreted positively in some con- texts. Thus, inspired in recent developments in formal sociolinguistics, I propose an 'indexical' approach to affective meaning. Under this approach, an affective expression is associated with a set of affective qualities, anyone of which may emerge at a given context depending on the interpreter’s prior assumptions about the speaker’s affective states and/or relation with the tar- get of the swear word. To define this set, also called 'indexical field', I will use the dimensions pleasure, arousal and dominance, standardly employed in cognitive psychology to characterize and measure affective episodes. In this dissertation, thus, the affective meaning of an expression is given by the set of affective states it typically conveys within a linguistic community, but its interpretation at a given context is established by taking into account the interpreter’s prior assumptions about the speaker’s affective states and/or attitudes with respect to the target of the affective expression.

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21

Hardy, Carter. "A Phenomenological Approach to Clinical Empathy: Rethinking Empathy Within its Intersubjective and Affective Contexts." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6855.

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This dissertation contributes to the philosophy of empathy and biomedical ethics by drawing on phenomenological approaches to empathy, intersubjectivity, and affectivity in order to contest the primacy of the intersubjective aspect of empathy at the cost of its affective aspect. Both aspects need to be explained in order for empathy to be accurately understood in philosophical works, as well as practically useful for patient care in biomedical ethics. In the first chapter, I examine the current state of clinical empathy in medicine including professional opinions about empathy, the dominant definition being employed, and the problems that arise from this definition. By trying to define empathy in a way that is useful to the current presuppositions in medicine, clinical empathy aligns with simulation theory, which has three problems: the discrepancy between the way empathy is defined and the way it is explained, the lack of diversity that this theory of empathy allows in our understanding of others, and the lack of affective understanding and affective engagement involved in the patient-physician interaction. These three problems are used to derive three questions that are important for any theory of empathy: (1) What is the phenomenon being explained? (2) What is the intersubjective context of empathy? (3) What is the affective dimension of empathy? The best theory of clinical empathy can be formulated by answering these three questions as they relate to phenomenological theories, which are more attuned to overcoming presuppositions. Chapters two and three each examine a different phenomenological approach to empathy from opposite extremes in their theories of intersubjectivity. Husserl and Stein begin from an isolated, transcendental subject that needs empathy to bridge the gap between itself and others, while Scheler begins from a primary intersubjectivity in which self and other are undifferentiated, making empathy a largely unnecessary skill. Despite their strongly opposed positions, and the acknowledgement that their theories of intersubjectivity necessitate their theories of empathy, I argue that both fail to understand the affective dimension of empathy. Husserl and Stein leave no room in empathy for it to be an affect, while Scheler prioritizes affects that reunite subjects, but leaves empathy itself as a non-affective skill. Chapter four explains Gallagher’s interaction theory as a more moderate approach to the relation between empathy and intersubjectivity. He draws on the insights of the other two theories, but conceives of empathy as a multi-leveled phenomenon that allows for an understanding of others. While this theory does aid in addressing the intersubjective context of empathy in a way that best solves the first two problems with clinical empathy, interaction theory still fails to fully address the affectivity of empathy, maintaining empathy as a largely cognitive ability. Gallagher does acknowledge the affective core of empathy, but he does not explain the way in which it is affective. In response to this problem, I explain Anya Daly’s application of Merleau-Ponty’s theory of reversibility to affectivity as a possible solution to the problematic gap in Gallagher’s theory. Chapter five focuses on theories of clinical empathy in order to address the neglected affective aspects of empathy, and respond to the problem of detached concern. The problems caused by detached concern are explained, as well as why the theories discussed in the middle chapters are still unable to solve them. This is done in two parts. In the first part, I explain the basis of this issue in the cognitive/feeling divide, as explained in the philosophy of emotion. Then, I give a brief overview of the phenomenology of affectivity to be used as a guide to the affectivity of empathy. In the second part, I examine three theories of clinical empathy that attempt to solve the problem of detached concern, noting their strengths and weaknesses based on their similarities to phenomenological approaches to empathy and affectivity.

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22

Menken, Kyle. "Sentimentalism, Affective Response, and the Justification of Normative Moral Judgments." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2817.

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Sentimentalism as an ethical view makes a particular claim about moral judgment: to judge that something is right/wrong is to have a sentiment/emotion of approbation/disapprobation, or some kind of positive/negative feeling, toward that thing. However, several sentimentalists have argued that moral judgments involve not only having a specific kind of feelings or emotional responses, but judging that one would be justified in having that feeling or emotional response. In the literature, some authors have taken up the former position because the empirical data on moral judgment seems to suggest that justification is not a necessary prerequisite for making a moral judgment. Even if this is true, however, I argue that justifying moral judgments is still an important philosophic endeavour, and that developing an empirically constrained account of how a person might go about justifying his feelings/emotional responses as reasons for rendering (normative) moral judgments by using a coherentist method of justification is both plausible and desirable.

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23

Hettich, Dirk Tassilo [Verfasser], and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Rosenstiel. "Classification of Affective States in the Electroencephalogram / Dirk Tassilo Hettich ; Betreuer: Wolfgang Rosenstiel." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1165236818/34.

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24

Fiore, Nathan Troy. "Neuroimmune interactions related to development of affective behavioural disturbances in neuropathic pain states." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20984.

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Nerve damage leads to the development of disabling neuropathic pain in susceptible individuals, where patients present with pain as well as co-morbid behavioural changes, such as anhedonia, decreased motivation and depression. The pathophysiology of neuropathic pain remains unknown, however accumulating evidence suggests that neuroimmune interactions play a key role in its pathogenesis and development of co-morbid behavioural disturbances. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating neuropathic disorder where trauma to a limb results in chronic pain. Mass cytometry (CyTOF) was used to systematically analyse circulating immune cells with a panel of 38 phenotypic and activation markers in the blood of CRPS patients and healthy controls. CyTOF revealed an expansion and increased activation of signalling pathways in several distinct populations of central memory CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes. Regarding emotional state, CD8+ T lymphocytes were correlated with clinical scores for stress and CD4+ Th1 lymphocytes correlated with clinical scores for anxiety. There was also a reduction in circulating Dendritic cells (DC), indicative of DC tissue trafficking and potential involvement in lymphocyte activation. These data highlight a pathogenic role for T lymphocyte mediated chronic inflammation in CRPS and co-morbid behavioural disabilities. To further explore to role of neuroimmune interactions in the development of neuropathic pain and co-morbid behavioural changes, a rodent nerve injury model was utilized to evaluate whether individual differences in radial maze behaviour and neuroimmune interactions in the hippocampus (HP) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) occurred in rats after sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI). CCI reduced mechanical withdrawal thresholds in all rats, whilst pellet-seeking behaviours were altered in some but not all rats. One group, termed ‘No effect’, had no behavioural changes compared to sham rats. Another group, termed ‘Acute effect’, had a temporary alteration to their exploration pattern, displaying more risk-assessment behaviour in the early phase post-injury. In a third group, termed ‘Lasting effect’, exploratory behaviours were remarkably different for the entire post-injury period, showing a withdrawal from pellet-seeking. Immunohistochemical analysis throughout the dorso-ventral axis of the HP revealed that the withdrawal from pellet-seeking observed in Lasting effect rats was concomitant with distinct glial-cytokine-neuronal adaptations within the contralateral ventral HP, including; increased expression of IL-1b and MCP-1; astrocyte atrophy and decreased area in the dentate gyrus (DG); reactive microglia and increased FosB/DFosB expression in the cornu ammonis (CA) subfield. These data highlight that glial-cytokine-neuronal adaptations in the ventral HP may mediate individual differences in radial maze behaviour following CCI. A follow up experiment explored whether pre-injury learning on the maze altered the effects of nerve injury on exploratory behaviour and spatial memory function. Whilst CCI again produced three distinct patterns of behaviour on the radial maze, Acute effect rats had improved working spatial memory outcomes after CCI. This indicates that the increased risk-assessment behaviours employed by Acute effect rats after injury may be considered advantageous when pellet-seeking, as it reduces unnecessary exploration during reward-seeking. The behavioural disruptions observed in Lasting effect rats were accompanied by neuroimmune activation within the contralateral ventral HP and mPFC. Multiplex immunoassay analysis revealed an increase in IL-1b, IL-6 and MCP-1 within the contralateral mPFC and ventral HP. Detailed immunohistochemical analysis of the mPFC and HP revealed an increased expression of IL-6, increased phospho-p38 MAPK expression in neurons and microglia, and a shift to a reactive microglial morphology in the caudal prelimbic and infralimbic cortex, ventral CA1 and DG. There was also a reduction in astrocyte cell size and BDNF expression in the contralateral ventral DG. These data provide further evidence that neuroinflammation in the mPFC and ventral HP may influence individual differences in radial maze behaviour following CCI. Collectively, these data provide evidence that individual differences in circulating immune cell activation and neuroimmune signature in the interconnected ventral HP-mPFC circuitry may play a significant role in the divergent behavioural trajectories in the neuropathic pain state, contributing to co-morbid behavioural changes in susceptible individuals.

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25

Steward, Helen. "The philosophy of mind : events, processes, and states /." Oxford : Clarendon press, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37057450q.

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26

Erol, Korkmaz Habibe Tugba. "The Relationship Of Categories Of Work Events To Affective States And Attitudes In The Workplace: A Test Of The Affective Events Theory." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611583/index.pdf.

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Affective Events Theory (AET) of Weiss and Cropanzano (1996) provides a theoretical basis for explaining the antecedents and consequences of affective states at work. In this study, an extended model based on the AET framework was tested for examining the relationships between work events, affective dispositions, affective states and reactions, and the work attitudes and behaviors of the employees. Work events were assessed comprehensively using an affective work events inventory developed as part of the study. A tripartite affect structure (pleasure, calmness, and energy) was adopted for mapping the affective states of the employees at work. Core self- and external-evaluations constructs were used as the dispositional antecedents of affective experiences. Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB), and turnover intentions were examined as the work attitudes and behaviors. Findings of the study provided evidence for the validity of the AET model. Both positive and negative work events were significantly related to the affective experiences of the employees, negative events having stronger influences. The affective dispositions of core self- and external-evaluations also contributed to the prediction of affective experiences. However, these affective dispositions did not have any moderating influences on the relationship between work events and affective experiences at work. Affective experiences were significantly related with job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and OCB. Exploratory analyses revealed that the major themes intersecting the critical work events and event categories were organizational justice, and coworker or supervisory support. The implications of the study for theory, practice, and future research are discussed.

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27

Hawkins, Misty Anne. "Affective traits and adiposity : a prospective, bidirectional analysis of the African American Health study data." Thesis, Proquest, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4840.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Research indicates that negative affective traits (e.g., depression) are predictors and consequences of excess adiposity. Given that racial minorities and positive affective traits have been underrepresented in past investigations, more prospective studies are needed which examine multiple affective traits in relation to obesity in these populations. The objective of the current study was to investigate the prospective, bidirectional associations between multiple affective traits and multiple adiposity indicators in African Americans using data from the African American Health (AAH) study. The AAH study is a prospective cohort study of African Americans aged 49-65 years at baseline (N = 998). The longest follow-up period in the current study was 9 years (N = 579). Self-reported and measured body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) and body fat percent (BF%) were used as adiposity indicators. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 11-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and anxiety was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) scale. Positive affective traits were assessed with the Vitality subscale of the Short Form-36 and Positive Affect subscale from the CES-D. Latent variable path analysis, a structural equation modeling technique, was conducted. Although fit statistics indicated that the models fit the data (RMSEA < .06), examination of the structural paths revealed that the CES-D and GAD-2 were not predictors or consequences of self-reported BMI, measured BMI, or BF% (ps > .05). Likewise, Vitality and CES-D Positive Affect were not related to any adiposity indicator (ps > .05). The results of this prospective cohort study suggest that affective traits are not predictors or consequences of adiposity in middle-aged African Americans and that this group may require obesity prevention or intervention programs with little to no emphasis on affective traits. Possible explanations for the current results include ethnic differences in the mechanistic pathways between affective traits and adiposity.

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高舒 and Shu Phyllis Kao. "Affective gesture in J.S. Bach's keyboard music with special referenceto selected works in D minor." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31213145.

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29

Steward, Helen. "Events, states and processes : the otology of mind." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334885.

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30

Freeman, Cynthia Renee. "Relative contributions of mastery, maternal affective states, and childhood difficulty to maternal self-efficacy." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3239875.

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31

Narvaez-Valle, Alexis. "Using a Multimodal Sensing Approach to Characterize Human Responses to Affective and Deceptive States." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271869/.

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Different ways to measure human affective and deceptive reactions to stimulus have been developed. One method is a multimodal approach using web camera, thermal imaging camera and physiological sensors data to extract different features in the human face (verbal and non-verbal behavior) such as breathing rate, heart rate, face temperature, skin conductance, eye tracking, language analysis and facial expressions among others. Human subjects from different ages and ethnicity were exposed to two different experiments were they watched videos (affection recognition) and others answered an interview session (deception recognition). With the data collected from videos (thermal and visual), different regions of interest (ROI) of the face were selected as well as the whole picture. The ROI were determined based on the most sensitive parts of the face where larger changes of temperature or other physiological features are recorded. It was also analyzed the language (written and spoken) in order to obtain the verbal modalities. The data has been compared among the subjects to determine whether the deceptive and affective reactions of a person can be predicted using multimodal approach. From the multiple data obtained, a characterization of reactions is proposed when subjects are exposed to different stimulus, positive or negative, as well as deceptive behavior and later on recognize if the person is happy, sad, nervous, anxious, telling the truth, lying etc. Using the multimodal approach we were able to predict automatically, with higher accuracy than the baseline, affective and deceptive states of a person. In the affective state recognition, the classifier software differentiated affective state versus neutral state with 92.85% accuracy. Then it differentiated Positive State, Negative State and Neutral State with 57.14% accuracy. Additionally, it differentiated Positive State versus Negative State with 73.21% accuracy. Finally, the classifier was able to predict Deceptive State (people lying) and Non Deceptive State (people telling the truth) with 72.72% accuracy.

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32

Lettieri, Giada. "Brain topography, connectivity dynamics and coding mechanisms underlying the subjective experience of affective states." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2019. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/294/1/Lettieri_phdthesis.pdf.

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The present dissertation focuses on the behavioral and neural substrates of socio-affective abilities involved in the subjective emotional experience. Socio-affective abilities are the building blocks of the more general domain of social cognition, which represents the cornerstone of human interactions. In particular, understanding, predicting and responding to others’ emotional signals are fundamental aspects necessary for the optimal functioning of human’s daily life. Emotions are pervasively present in dyadic interactions, give color to individual experiences, and can rapidly change over time, as they are the consequence of an active interplay between an individual and the environment. Despite their relevance, however, emotions are still an open question for researchers. Indeed, which mechanisms link descriptions of affective states to brain activity is still unclear, with evidence supporting either local or distributed processing. Moreover, the majority of neuroimaging studies so far did not take into account the dynamism of affective states and their unfolding over time. For this reason, how the temporal characteristics of emotions (e.g., duration, onset, resurgence) are represented in the brain, with the dynamics between specific regions related to different emotional experiences is an open question. In light of all this, the studies reported in the present dissertation aimed to overcome previous limitations and answer these questions. In the first study we used brain hemodynamic activity evoked by an emotionally charged movie and continuous ratings of the perceived emotion intensity to reveal the topographic organization of affective states. In the second study, we explored the dynamic interplay between different brain regions throughout a naturalistic situation. To do so, we related continuous ratings of the perceived intensity of various emotional states to changes in functional connectivity among distinct brain regions during the watching of the same movie employed before. Our results showed that moment-by-moment ratings of perceived emotions explain brain activity recorded in independent subjects. Most importantly, we demonstrated the existence of orthogonal and spatially overlapping right temporo-parietal gradients encoding emotion dimensions, a mechanism that we named emotionotopy. We also unveiled the central role of the right precentral sulcus during the subjective emotional experience, with changes in the functional connectivity dynamics of this region being modulated by three cardinal emotion dimensions.

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Barrett, Jennifer Anne. "Linking brain structures with symptoms : the role of the anterior cingulate cortex and a frontocingulate circuit in affective states." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84986.

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Linking brain regions or neural circuits to specific affective symptoms could help elucidate the neural mechanisms of affective states as well as antidepressant treatment effects. Much research has implicated the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), mid-dorsolateral frontal cortex (MDLFC), and a "frontocingulate" (i.e., MDLFC-ACC) circuit in sad affect and depression as well as the mood response to antidepressant treatment, including 10-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied over the MDLFC. While the empirical support for a direct role of the MDLFC in affect is unclear, a wealth of research supports the ACC as an interface between action and emotion (Paus, 2001). In a series of experiments using behavioural, brain imaging and brain stimulation techniques we investigated the involvement of the ACC and an MDLFC-ACC (i.e., frontocingulate) circuit in an "action and emotion" relevant behaviour, namely, paralinguistic aspects of speech production. (e.g., speech pitch and loudness). In Experiment 1, we examined the relationship between affect and paralinguistic aspects of speech and in Experiment 2 we investigated the role of the ACC in mediating this phenomenon. Next, applying our knowledge of the role of the ACC in affect-relevant behaviour, we combined rTMS with a speech task (Experiment 3) and with PET (Experiment 4) in order investigate further the possibility that influencing brain activity in a frontocingulate circuit may contribute to the known mood effects of rTMS applied over the MDLFC. Taken together, our results demonstrated a role for the ACC in pitch variation during affective states and suggested that changes in affect and pitch variation following 10-Hz rTMS applied over the left MDLFC may involve changes in neural activity in a network of brain regions widely implicated in affect, including a frontocingulate circuit. The findings of this collection of studies take us a step further toward understanding the r

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34

Gorsline, Christie Bayless. "Marketing classroom philosophy to achieve critical literacy." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/868.

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35

Robins, Dan. "The debate over human nature in warring states China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29872388.

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36

Jeon, Myounghoon. "Effects of affective states on driver situation awareness and adaptive mitigation interfaces: focused on anger." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44854.

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Research has suggested that affective states have critical effects on various cognitive processes and performance. Evidence from driving studies has also emphasized the importance of driver situation awareness (Endsley, 1995b) for driving performance and safety. However, to date, no research has investigated the relationship between affective effects and driver situation awareness. Two studies examined the relationship between a driver's affective states and situation awareness. In Experiment 1, 30 undergraduates drove in a simulator after either anger or neutral affect induction. Results suggested that an induced angry state can degrade driver situation awareness and driving performance more than the neutral state. Interestingly, the angry state did not influence participants' perceived workload. Experiment 2 explored the possibilities of using an "attention deployment" emotion regulation strategy as an intervention for mitigating angry effects on driving, via an adaptive speech-based system. 60 undergraduates drove the same scenario as in Experiment 1 after affect induction with different intervention conditions: anger with no sound; anger with the ER system: directive/ command style emotion regulation messages; anger with the SA system: suggestive/ notification style situation awareness prompts; or neutral with no sound. Results showed that both speech-based systems can not only enhance driver situation awareness and driving performance, but also reduce the anger level and perceived workload. Participants rated the ER system as more effective, but they rated the SA system as less annoying and less authoritative than the ER system. Based on the results of Experiment 2, regression models were constructed between a driver's affective states and driving performance, being mediated by situation awareness (full mediation for speeding and partial mediation for collision). These results allow researchers to construct a more detailed driver behavior model by showing how an affective state can influence driver situation awareness and performance. The practical implications of this research include the use of situation awareness prompts as a possible strategy for mitigating affective effects, for the design of an affect detection and mitigation system for drivers.

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37

Morgan, Brittni V. "The Relationship of Urgency to Impulsive Decision-Making During Heightened Affective States in Problem Drinkers." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1529938004166288.

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38

Washington, Corey Glenn. "Discourse interpretation and the temporality of states and events." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105011.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1987.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES.
Bibliography: leaves 196-197.
by Corey Glenn Washington.
M.S.

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39

Gould, Isaac Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Syntactic learning from ambiguous evidence : errors and end-states." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101521.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Linguistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "September 2015."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 266-275).
In this thesis I explore the role of ambiguous evidence in first language acquisition by using a probabilistic learner for setting syntactic parameters. As ambiguous evidence is input to the learner that is compatible with multiple grammars or hypotheses, it poses learnability and acquisition challenges because it underdetermines the correct analysis. However, a probabilistic learning model with competing hypotheses can address these challenges by learning from general tendencies regarding the shape of the input, thereby finding the most compatible set of hypotheses, or the grammar with the 'best fit' to the input. This enables the model to resolve the challenge of learning the grammar of a subset language: it can reach such a target end-state by learning from implicit negative evidence. Moreover, ambiguous evidence can provide insight into two phenomena characteristic of language acquisition: variability (both within speakers and across a population) and learning errors. Both phenomena can be accounted for under a model that is attempting to learn a grammar of best fit. Three case studies relating to word order and phrase structure are investigated with simulations of the model. First I show how the model can account for embedded clause verb placement errors in child Swiss German by learning from ambiguous input. I then show how learning from ambiguous input allows the model to account for grammatical variability across speakers with regard to verb movement in Korean. Finally, I show that the model is successfully able to learn the grammar of a subset language with the example of zero-derived causatives in English.
by Isaac Gould.
Ph. D. in Linguistics

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40

Haager, Stephanie [Verfasser], and Marion [Akademischer Betreuer] Büttgen. "Negative affective states in customers service experience : investigating antecedents and mitigations / Stephanie Haager ; Betreuer: Marion Büttgen." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2019. http://d-nb.info/118118777X/34.

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41

Greenfield, Elyashiv. "Authority, states and persons : in the search for optimal reconciliation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:64bb4fe6-ec8b-4c8b-b9a8-7b807b1b6d8b.

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The problem of legitimate authority is widely regarded as fundamental to moral and political philosophy. This thesis aims to explain what the problem precisely is, and to offer a practical method for solving it. The starting point is a claim about the phenomenology of the person as an inherently authoritative agent: we are persons, as distinct from mere ‘things’, by virtue of the authority we possess over ourselves. This claim explains, I argue, why there is a problem of legitimate authority – why the exercise of state authority stands in need of justification – and what the problem precisely is: given the inherent tension between the authority of the state on the one hand, and the self-governing authority of persons on the other, the problem of legitimate authority is essentially that of creating the conditions for optimal reconciliation between them. The bulk of the thesis is devoted to a search for a solution to this problem. The ideal solution lies in developing a concept which I call the Authorization Principle. In its most basic form, the principle states that the exercise of state authority is legitimate only when it is exercised to enforce arrangements that all citizens authorize the state to enforce. The conclusion of the thesis is that the principle should be formulated as follows: The exercise of state authority is legitimate insofar as it is exercised within the provisions of a constitutional arrangement constructed through a process that gives equal weight to all the epistemically undefeated concerns in the society regarding the conditions necessary for persons to exercise personal authority. The solution proposed in the thesis for the problem of legitimate authority has three important implications. The first is that it is entirely within the capacity of ordinary democratic societies to solve the problem. The second is that there is no single legitimate way to govern a society. Standards for the legitimate use of state authority are in some way indexed to culture, ability and resources as well as to other aspects of a society’s unique circumstances. The third is that a society cannot settle the problem of legitimate authority once and for all. The state’s arrangement will require revision every so often in order to maintain the legitimacy of state authority.

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42

Grissmann, Sebastian [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Gerjets. "Investigating the Prerequisites for a robust Neurotutor : The Detection of mixed User States containing Working Memory Load, Affective Valence and Affective Dominance / Sebastian Grissmann ; Betreuer: Peter Gerjets." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1165506831/34.

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43

Crystal, Lisa. "Quantum Times: Physics, Philosophy, and Time in the Postwar United States." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10973.

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The concept of time in physics underwent significant changes in the decades following World War II. This dissertation considers several ways in which American physicists grappled with these changes, analyzing the extent to which philosophical methods and questions played a role in physicists' engagement with time. Two lines of questioning run through the dissertation. The first asks about the professional identities of postwar American physicists in relation to philosophy, as exemplified by their engagement with the concept of time. The second analyzes the heterogeneous nature of time in physics, and the range of presuppositions and assumptions that have constituted this "fundamental" physical concept. The first chapter looks to the development of atomic clocks and atomic time standards from 1948-1958, and the ways in which new timekeeping technologies placed concepts such as “clock”, “second,” and “measure of time” in a state of flux. The second chapter looks to the experimental discovery of CP violation by particle physicists in the early 1960s, raising questions about nature of time understood as the variable “t” in the equations of quantum mechanics. The third chapter considers attempts to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity in the late 1960s, which prompted physicists to question the “existence” of time in relation to the universe as a whole. In each episode considered, physicists engaged with the concept of time in a variety of ways, revealing a multiplicity of relationships between physics, philosophy, and time. Further, in each case physicists brought a unique set of assumptions to their concepts of time, revealing the variety ways in which fundamental conceptsfunctioned and changed in late twentieth century physics. The result is a heterogeneous picture of the practice of physics, as well as one of physics’ most basic concepts.
History of Science

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44

Bailey, Erica. "Effects of Television Clips with Hedonic and Eudaimonic Tone on Viewers\' Affective States and Subsequent Program Selection." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23226.

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Motivations for entertainment consumption are complex, involving moods, wants, anticipations, and several other factors. Typically, attempts at a theoretical understanding of motivations for media selection have centered on enjoyment, or hedonic, pleasure-seeking motivations. Recently eudaimonic, or truth-seeking, motivations have also been given much attention. Most investigations into hedonic and eudaimonic motivations for media consumption have conceptualized these motivations as traits, rather than as states. Recent research has used survey methods to determine that those with hedonic motivations tend to seek out entertainment that is hedonic in nature and feel more fun affect while watching, while those with eudaimonic motivations for consuming entertainment tend to seek out media that is eudaimonic and nature and experience more meaningful affect during viewing. This experiment successfully manipulated hedonic and eudaimonic states using clips with either hedonic or eudemonic tone from three different television shows, with hedonic or eudaimonic tone in clips significantly affecting participants\' reports of hedonic and eudaimonic states as well as meaningful and fun affect. The effects of clips with hedonic or eudaimonic tone on these responses were not moderated by typical hedonic and eudaimonic trait preferences. The experiment also examined the effect that clips with hedonic or eudaimonic tone might have on subsequent program selection by allowing participants to rank hedonic or eudaimonic clips for subsequent viewing. The hedonic or eudaimonic tone of the clips only predicted participants\' subsequent preference for eudaimonic or hedonic clips in the case of one of the three shows in the study; this effect on subsequent clip preference was found with the show that generally elicted the strongest responses from viewers in other study measures. Implications for our understanding of television consumption motivations are discussed.
Master of Arts

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45

Lee, Hyun-Jung. "Affective states at work and prosocial organisational behaviour : a case study of health care workers in the NHS." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2638/.

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Affective states at work (or job affect), defined as positive and negative feelings induced by commonplace events or circumstances in the workplace, have recently attracted increasing attention in the field of organisational psychology and behaviour. The main focus of interest in job affect has been in terms of its hypothetical positive behavioural consequences on prosocial organisational behaviour. However, existing conceptualisations of job affect leave much to be desired. Job affect is a mood state, and is conceptually distinct from related concepts such as job satisfaction, affective disposition, and emotions. Based on a sample of over 200 nurses working in a London based NHS Trust, the thesis focused on three main aims: a) to gain a better understanding of the nature of affect at work; b) to test the hypothesised link between job affect and prosocial organisational behaviour; and finally c) to explore the potential antecedents of job affect. To achieve the first aim, the structure of affect was first theoretically and empirically explored. In terms of affect structure, a unipolar Four-Factor Model was proposed for the present study as an alternative to the standard bipolar Two-Factor Model of affect found in the literature. The results of confirmatory factor analyses provided support for the proposed Four-Factor Model. Also, the four unipolar affect measures seemed reasonably independent of one another, and demonstrated high reliability and validity. Building on the unipolar Four-Factor Model, the second aim of the thesis was explored by testing the relationship between prosocial organisational behaviour (PSOB) and job affect conceptualised in unipolar terms. Based on this unipolar conceptualisation, two hypotheses were tested, namely that prosocial organisational behaviour is positively related to both positive and negative job affect. Two forms of PSOB important to the nursing context were proposed as the consequences of job affect: altruistic forms of PSOB and continuous-improvement forms of PSOB. Overall, the results supported the two research hypotheses, and the significant relationships were sustained after controlling for job attitudes in the analyses. Having shown that employees' affective experiences in the workplace are important in terms of PSOBs, the third and final aim was to identify key antecedents which generate particular affective experiences, while also looking at the impact of these antecedents on PSOBs. A series of antecedents, including job-design factors, social factors, and individual dispositional factors were hypothesised as the potential determinants of job affect. The findings broadly supported the hypothesised links, while also showing some of the antecedents to have a direct impact on PSOB. Contributions and major research implications as well as future research directions are discussed at the end.

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46

Anderson, Mallory Grace. "Chicken or fish? Do environmental complexity and stocking density impact affective states of broiler chickens and rainbow trout?" Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/105133.

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In commercial settings, broiler chickens and rainbow trout are housed in barren environments under high stocking densities, due to an emphasis on production efficiency. These monotonous housing conditions do not provide broilers or trout with the ability to perform functional, highly-motivated behaviors and increase their susceptibility to excessive anxiety and fear, resulting in negative affective states and poor animal welfare. Affective state (or emotional state) is a cumulative product of short-term life experiences, ranging from positive to negative. Because affective states are largely influenced by environmental condition, determining animal affective state can provide useful information on how to improve housing conditions in order to ensure positive experiences and good animal welfare. Cognitive processes are closely associated with affective state; a "cognitive bias" occurs when affective state influences aspects of cognition, such as judgement and attention. Animals in positive affective states make optimistically-biased decisions during ambiguous situations, judging the situation as if it will produce a positive outcome, and show less bias towards a perceived threat, responding in a less anxious and calm manner. Animals in negative affective states make pessimistically-biased decisions during ambiguous situations, judging the situation as if it will result in a negative outcome. Additionally, animals in negative affective states will bias their attention towards a perceived threat rather than alternative stimuli, responding in an anxious manner. Therefore, judgement and attention bias tests can be used to determine animal affective states. In Chapter 3, a judgement bias test was used to determine affective state of broiler chickens housed in either complex (perches, dust bath, pecking stones, and rotating enrichment objects) or barren (no enrichment) environments under either high or low stocking densities. Broilers housed in complex environments responded more optimistically during the judgement bias test than broilers from barren environments, indicating the former were in a positive affective state. Stocking density did not impact their responses in the judgement bias test, indicating that affective states were not impacted by that treatment. In Chapter 4, an attention bias test was used to determine level of anxiety and a tonic immobility test was used to determine fear in order to investigate affective state of broilers housed in the same conditions as described for Chapter 3. Broilers housed in complex environments were less anxious during the attention bias test than broilers from barren environments, indicating environmental complexity reduced anxiety in broilers. Stocking density did not impact anxiety. Broilers from high stocking density environments had shorter tonic immobility durations than broilers from low stocking density environments, suggesting the former were less fearful. Environmental complexity did not impact fearfulness. In Chapter 5, a judgement bias test was used to determine affective state of rainbow trout housed in either complex (shelter structure and artificial plants) or barren (no enrichment) tanks under either low or high stocking densities. Trout housed in high stocking density tanks responded optimistically during the judgement bias test, indicating they were in a more positive affective state compared to trout housed in low stocking density tanks. Environmental complexity did not impact their responses in the judgement bias test, indicating no effect of enrichments on affective states was found. These results indicate a beneficial relationship of a complex environment on broiler chicken affective state, observed through an optimistic judgement bias and reduced attention bias (anxiety) towards a perceived threat. Thus, providing a complex housing environment for broilers can improve their welfare and result in a positive affective state. Rainbow trout reared at the tested high density resulted in a positive affective state, although complexity did not benefit their welfare. Our results contribute much needed information on stocking densities to ensure fish welfare. Overall, environmental complexity, not stocking density, had a positive impact on broiler chicken affective states. Rainbow trout affective states were positively impacted by stocking density, but not environmental complexity.
Master of Science
Conventional housing of broiler chickens and rainbow trout (both raised for meat) causes concern for their welfare and affective states. Environmental conditions can greatly impact animals' affective states–their long-term emotional state, ranging from positive to negative. In barren environments at high stocking densities, broiler chickens and rainbow trout are prevented from showing normal behaviors and these conditions can compromise their affective state and welfare. By 'asking' chickens and trout whether the glass is half full or half empty, we can determine level of optimism or pessimism, and level of anxiety or calmness, therefore gaining a better understanding of their affective states. This can be done using a judgement bias test and attention bias test, where animal responses (optimism and anxiety) are recorded during ambiguous situations (judgement) and threatening situations (attention). Animals in positive affective states judge ambiguous situations optimistically (glass half full) and pay little attention towards perceived threats, while animals in negative affective states judge the same ambiguous situations pessimistically (glass half empty) and pay more attention towards perceived threats. In Chapter 3, responses to ambiguous situations were used to determine the affective state of broiler chickens housed in either enriched (perches, dust bath, pecking stones, rotating toys) or barren environments at either high or low stocking densities. Broiler chickens housed in enriched environments had an optimistic judgement bias of ambiguous situations (glass half full), suggesting they were in a more positive affective state compared to broilers housed in barren environments. Stocking density did not impact their level of optimism. In Chapter 4, responses to a perceived threat were used to determine level of anxiety and a tonic immobility test was used to determine fear of broilers housed under the same conditions as in Chapter 3. Broilers housed in enriched environments paid less attention to a perceived threat than broilers housed in barren environments, indicating the former were less anxious (glass half full) and in a positive affective state. Fear was not impacted by the tested enrichments, but birds kept under higher stocking densities did show reduced fear compared to birds in low-density environments. In Chapter 5, rainbow trout were housed in either enriched (shelter structure and artificial plants) or barren tanks at either high or low stocking densities. Affective state was evaluated through their responses to ambiguous situations. Trout housed in high stocking density environments had an optimistic judgement bias of ambiguous situations (glass half full), suggesting they were in a more positive affective state than trout housed in low stocking density environments. The enrichments did not impact their responses during the test, suggesting they did not impact fish optimism. These results indicate that an enriched environment improves broiler affective state and welfare compared to conventional housing conditions, the tested densities did not impact their welfare. Although an enriched environment did not positively impact responses of trout during ambiguous situations, our results show that housing rainbow trout in large groups results in a positive affective state and improved welfare status compared to housing trout in small groups. Overall, environmental enrichment, not stocking density, had a positive impact on broiler chicken affective states. Rainbow trout affective states were positively impacted by stocking density, but not environmental enrichment.

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47

Nilsson, Lisa. "The difficulty of predicting risky decisions : - An experiment investigating present and future affective states influence on risk-taking." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159779.

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Affect and feelings states influences decision-making and risk-taking, however is it not clear yet how. This report presents a between-subject experiment on the two mechanisms, affective evaluation and affect regulation, and on how risk-taking redirects depending on which of the two is active. Incidental affect (positive, negative or neutral) was induced by pictures in an online experiment with 999 participants, who conducted the Columbia Card Task (CCT) to measure the risk-taking. The participants were informed prior to the task that gambling either makes people happy (mood-lifting cue), sad (mood-threatening cue) or has no effect on people’s mood (mood-freezing cue). The predicted results in this experiment was not found. However, the results indicate that mood changing qualities of a task can be manipulated and that further research about the interaction between incidental and integral affect is needed. The results also displayed how fleeting induced affect can be and consciousness about what affect is used is discussed.

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48

Klein, Alexander Mugar. "The rise of empiricism William James, Thomas Hill Green, and the struggle over psychology /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3274251.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Philosophy, 2007.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-07, Section: A, page: 2976. Adviser: Elisabeth A. Lloyd. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Mar. 28, 2008).

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49

DeMaria, Courtney. "Paideia: the ancient prescription for modern America." Thesis, Boston University, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27634.

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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02

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50

Stickells, Lee. "Form and reform : affective form and the garden suburb." University of Western Australia. School of Architecture, Landscape and Visual Arts, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0089.

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This thesis establishes the concept of affective form as a means of examining urban design – being the intersection of architecture, planning and landscape – in relation to techniques of governance. Affective form broadly describes a built environment where people are encouraged to amend, or govern, their actions according to particular socio–political ideas. Exploration of the concept’s application as a theoretical tool is undertaken here in order to generate a means of discussing the ethical function of urban design. The emergence of notions of affective form will be located in the eighteenth century, alongside the growing confidence in the ability for humankind to effect social and cultural progress. In a series of examples, stretching throughout the twentieth century, the implicit relation of planning, architectural and landscape form to social effect is discussed. The language, and design models, used to delineate affective form are described, alongside discussion of the level of intentionality apparent in the conceptions of urban form’s social effect. Critique through affective form allows an analysis that brings together the underlying utopian elements of projects – the traces of ideology and sociological theories – with an evaluation of the formal concepts projected. As the second area of investigation, the city of Perth in Western Australia provides a contextual focus for the examination of concepts of affective form. Through a series of appropriations of urban design models a suburban archetype emerged in Perth of a planned, homogenous field of low–rise, single–family, detached dwellings within a gardenesque landscape. The process of appropriation is described as a continuing negotiation between local expectations and the implicit conceptions of affective form within the imported models. Connecting the two primary concerns of the thesis, the ability of form to influence social change and the evolution of Perth’s garden suburb ideal, is the association of that developing garden suburb model with notions of affective form. The associations are outlined through three case studies. The first is an account of the planning of the City of Perth Endowment Lands Project during the 1920s. The second describes the planning and architecture of the athlete’s village built for the VIIIth British Empire and Commonwealth Games held in Perth in 1962. The third study details the development in the 1990s of Joondalup, a satellite city in the Perth metropolitan region. The account of Perth’s garden suburb ideal is intertwined with the consideration of the varying ways in which the conceptualization of affective form has been expressed. Each case study is contextualized by a preceding chapter that discusses the particular conceptions of affective form used in its examination. Thus the main body of the thesis comprises three parts – each associated with a case study, each containing two linked chapters

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