Статті в журналах: "Phase selector"

1

Khojiakbar, E., I. Kh Kholiddinov, A. Eraliev, S. Tukhtasinov, and S. Komolddinov. "Development of simulation model of smart phase selector device." E3S Web of Conferences 461 (2023): 01051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346101051.

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In the quest for efficient and reliable power distribution systems, voltage asymmetry has emerged as a significant challenge. Voltage imbalances across different phases can lead to increased energy losses, compromised power quality, and reduced equipment lifespan. To address these issues, smart phase selector devices have gained attention as advanced electronic solutions for monitoring and managing voltage imbalances in low-voltage networks. This paper presents the development of a simulation model of a smart phase selector device using the Proteus software platform. Proteus offers a versatile environment for simulating electronic circuits and systems, making it an ideal choice for developing and evaluating the performance of the smart phase selector device. The primary objective of this research is to create a comprehensive simulation model that accurately represents the behavior and functionality of the smart phase selector device. Through a thorough literature review, the key principles and concepts underlying smart phase selector devices, voltage asymmetry, and related simulation techniques are explored. The developed simulation model incorporates the necessary circuit components, algorithms, and control mechanisms to faithfully simulate the operation of the smart phase selector device.

2

Golovin, Nikolai N., and Alexander K. Dmitriev. "Pulse selector for obtaining femtosecond radiation with a controlled carrier-envelope phase." Analysis and data processing systems, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2782-2001-2022-2-121-132.

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In non-linear optical processes, such as obtaining attosecond pulses, it is extremely important to control the carrier envelope phase. To do this, various periodic trains of identical femtosecond pulses with a controlled phase can be created. In addition, since there is no frequency comb offset in such sequences, the process of measuring optical frequencies is greatly simplified. The pulse selector has been developed to obtain a sequence of identical femtosecond pulses with a controlled carrier – envelope phase. The selector makes it possible to obtain a “pure” sequence of identical femtosecond pulses at the modulator output (when every 125th pulse is selected from the original sequence with a repetition rate of 250 MHz) in a fairly wide range of control signal phase tuning. This range is 1.3 degrees. The phase tuning of the pulse selector provides the possibility of obtaining one hundred twenty-five such sequences with a phase tuning discreteness of 2π/125. The simplest way to reduce discreteness is to increase the ratio of the pulse repetition rate of a femtosecond laser to the shift of its frequency comb. The phase characteristic of the pulse selector was obtained by registering the time dependence of the synthesized sequence with a selector phase tuning step of 0.1 degrees. We measured the spectra of the sequences at different phases of the pulse selector, as well as the emission spectrum of the master laser at the minimum transmission of the modulator in the absence of modulation. The spectrum with the maximum amplitude corresponded to the case when identical pulses with the highest amplitude were selected from the original sequence. The difference between these spectra made it possible to isolate the spectrum of a pure sequence of identical femtosecond pulses without taking into account the "background" that occurs due to the modulator has a finite attenuation of –20 dB.

3

Chandan Singh, Ashish Kumar Gupta,. "Automatic Cost Effective Phase Selector." International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering 04, no. 05 (May 20, 2015): 3920–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15662/ijareeie.2015.0405019.

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4

Kumaraswamy, K., L. Ashok, N. Pooja, and B. Akshith. "AUTOMATIC ACTIVE PHASE SELECTOR FOR SINGLE PHASE LOAD FROM THREE PHASE SUPPLY." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 10, no. 3 (December 13, 2019): 1221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.61841/turcomat.v10i3.14465.

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Phase absence is a very common and severe problem in any industry, home or office. Many times one or two phases may not be live in three phase supply. Because of this, many times, some electrical appliances will be on in one room and OFF in another room. This creates a big disturbance to our routine work.This project is designed to check the availability of any live phase, and the load will be connected to the particular live phase only. Even a single phase is available, and then also, the load will be in ON condition.This project is designed with Arduino MCU. This controller continuously checks for live condition of all phases connected to it, and the controller connects the load to the active phase using a Relay. This relay is driven with a transistor. If two or three phases are live, the load will be connected to phase I only. An LCD is provided to display the status of the phase condition. Contrast control preset is given for LCD contrast control. This project uses regulated 12V, 500mA power supply. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac out put of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.

5

Yuan, Zhao Qiang, Xiao Ting Yu, and Yin Mu Liu. "Research on a New Fault Phase Selector of Protective Relay for Double Circuit Lines on same Tower." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.446.

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Aiming at the misoperation of the conventional phase selector by phase current-difference during some cross country faults, a fault phase selector is developed. Based on the fault lines of the corresponding fault phase are selected, a novel synthesis fault phase selector using voltages and currents in single circuit at single side is proposed, which is based on comparing the difference of fault voltages to make sure all the fault phase in the lines and judging the phase degree and amplitude condition of the fault currents. Used this scheme and the phase current difference, the fault phase may be picked up correctly in double circuit lines on the same tower, especially in cross country faults.

6

Zeng, Xiao Hui, Yong Hui Chen, and Gong Quan Tan. "A Fault Phase Selection Method Based on Arc Voltages for High-Voltage Line Protections in Electric Power Systems." Advanced Materials Research 676 (March 2013): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.676.218.

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A fault phase selection method is proposed based on arc voltage after analysis of inadequate of fault phase selector existed in the paper. A precise fault phase selection can be achieved by using arc voltages in conjunction with phase current differences and sequence components of currents. The method proposed can solve false tripping problems in transmission line protections when single phase to ground faults occur with great reliabilities. Simulation results show that the method can identify faulted phase or phases correctly and effectively.

7

Adesina, Lambe Mutalub, Olalekan Ogunbiyi, and Bilkisu Jimada-Ojuolape. "Development of an Automatic Phase Selector for Nigerian Power Utility Customers." ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD) 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2024): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2024.0702.02-j.

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Power utility customers in a developing country like Nigeria have constituted a habit of changing the electricity supply line from an unavailable or unstable phase to the most available or stable phase. The category of customers involved in this character are those on single phase power supply. However, this act is being carried out manually at the meter point using the cut-out fuses. This attitude results in phase unbalances, overheating electrical equipment including feeder pillars, transformer coils, network faults, and overall system instability. Thus, this paper presents the development of an Automatic Phase Selector for Nigerian Power Utility Customers. The device automatically selects an available phase from the three-phase power supply lines. The research comprises designing an automatic phase selector circuit, simulation of the designed circuit, programming code development in C- Language for the microcontroller, construction of the designed circuit, and carrying out tests on completed work done to ascertain the effectiveness of the developed system. The system operation involved a three-phase supply from the closest distribution network of the power utility company which is connected to a three-in-one gang switch while the switching ON and OFF of their static switches represent phase-off in an ideal situation. The operational results of this system are presented in the form of the truth table which indicates that the affected customer would not have a power supply only when the 3-phases are under voltage or overvoltage or unavailable. This implies that one of the three phases that meet the three criteria would be switched ON. A pure sine wave was used as input into the Optocoupler and the output waveform of the rectified pulsating signal is separately displayed. This output waveform is very clean and noiseless. Finally, the system when practically tested with an unbalanced three-phase supply, worked perfectly enhancing the flexibility of operating an Automatic Phase selector and hence avoiding manual switching of the phase selector which has been attributed to changing of cut-out fuses and associated stress as well as having a user-friendly phase selector.

8

Tian, Shu, and Fang Fang Liu. "An Integrated Fault Phase Selection Scheme for Double Circuit Lines on the Same Tower." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.657.

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For double circuit lines on the same tower, traditional phase selectors for single lines can not operate correctly in crossing-line faults. To ensure the performance of faults phase selection in the single lines and meanwhile achieve accurate phase selection in crossing-line faults, an integrated fault phase selection scheme based on fault component current is proposed. Firstly, faults are divided into single lines faults, same-name-phase crossing-line faults and non same-name-phase crossing-line faults, then the phase selection is classified. The process with adaptive capacity can automatically select the suitable phase selector not affected by fault types. Simulation results via PSCAD/EMTDC show that the phase selection scheme based on fault component current has good performances for different fault types, fault location and transition resistance.

9

OWOJORI, ADEDOTUN O., ABIODUN M. AKINBOLADE, and KAYODE F. AKINGBADE. "DESIGN ANALYSIS OF AN AUTOMATIC PHASE SELECTOR." Journal of Engineering Studies and Research 27, no. 3 (January 10, 2022): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29081/jesr.v27i3.288.

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Power instability in Nigeria caused by overbearing demand of power by consumers and lack of proper maintenance of the power system devices among others has brought about the need for alternative power sources such as generators, solar, typical inverters and other alternative supplies which requires one form of switching or the other to achieve phase selection during power failure. This paper gives a design analysis of an automatic phase selector linking available power supplies, that is; switching between a three-phase public utility supply, as a result of total power outage in the public supply to an alternative secondary supply (in this case a Generator and an Inverter system) and back when power is restored. The design adopts the use of a microcontroller-based system interconnected with other hardware components for proper isolation, switching and visualization of switching conditions. The system design is divided into two major part: the hardware which consists of the power supply, sensing circuit, controller or control logic circuit, display and the power electronics switching unit and the software instruction code on the microcontroller unit. The design analysis was first carried out accompanied with computer simulation on a software tool (Proteus 8 Professional, version 8.4) to carry out performance evaluation of the sub-circuits, thereafter, a practical implementation of the design was carried out and tested with the utility power supply using five (5) switches, three of which represents the three-phase primary supply and the other two represents the secondary supply.

10

Yang, Y., N. L. Tai, and W. Y. Yu. "ART artificial neural networks based adaptive phase selector." Electric Power Systems Research 76, no. 1-3 (September 2005): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2005.05.006.

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11

Zhang, Yi Wen, Hao Zeng, Shun Yao, and Hang Song. "Synthesis of a New Chiral Selector Base on Pracoterol for Chiral Stationary Phase." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 1513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.1513.

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According to the chiral resolution mechanism and structures of Pirkle’s chiral stationary phase (CSP), a new amide chiral selector base on pracoterol has been prepared in this thesis. In order to get a better yield, all the conditions and purification conditions of the reactions were investigated, and the key products were characterized by HPLC, FT-IR and 1H NMR. This chiral selector may be developed as chiral selector of CSP.

12

Yang, Qiang, Xintao Zhu, Fu Wang, Dexin Ma, and Jiantao Wu. "A Study of Sliver in C-Shaped Grain Selectors during Investment Casting of Single-Crystal Superalloy." Metals 13, no. 6 (June 12, 2023): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13061102.

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In this study, the formation mechanism of sliver defects in C-shaped 2D grain selectors during investment casting of single-crystal superalloy was investigated by analyzing the effects of the C-shaped 2D grain selectors on the solidification behavior of superalloy. The physical field properties of the sliver formation and solidification characteristics of CM247LC nickel-based superalloy were determined. The temperature and stress fields were simulated using ProCAST. The results showed that the stress fields of solidification played an essential role in the formation of sliver, indicating that the solidification interval characteristics of the alloy and stress based on the geometry of the C-shaped 2D grain selector are crucial for the formation of sliver. In addition, the origin of sliver depended upon tensile stress during solidification, relying on the constraints of dendrite boundaries. The findings suggested that the joint sections of the starter block—i.e., selector and selector-casting joint of C-shaped selector sections—are stress-sensitive areas where sliver can form readily. Furthermore, sliver is formed in the final stages of solidification and especially originates in the grain selection part where the accumulated thermal stress is high, and there is only a small quantity of liquid phase with a low melting point between the dendrites. Therefore, the solidification and stress conditions generate thermal cracks, which can also cause sliver defects.

13

Bala, Manju, Sonika Sethi, and And Priyanka Sharma. "Separation of Enantiomers of Metolazone by Thin Layer Chromatography Using a Chiral Selector." Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, S-3 (October 18, 2023): 1058–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is-3.1057.

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Enantiomeric separation of (RS)-Metolazone has been achieved by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using both direct modes.  cyclodextrin, containing hydroxylic group, was utilized as the chiral selector. For enantioseparation, cyclodextrin was used as a chiral additive in the stationary phase in a non-covalent mode and there was no chiral additive in the mobile phase; the native enantiomers were isolated and characterized. Cyclodextrin was also added to mobile phase and there was no chiral selector in the stationary phase. The spots were then isolated and characterized. The effect of the composition of the mobile phase, pH, and temperature was studied for the optimization of successful separation conditions. The spots were located in an iodine chamber.

14

Enobong Joseph, Oduobuk,. "Development of RF Remote Control Based Phase Selector System." IOSR Journal of Engineering 4, no. 6 (June 2014): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3021-046402334.

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15

Förster, Daniel F., Bernd Lindenau, Marko Leyendecker, Franz Janssen, Carsten Winkler, Frank O. Schumann, Jürgen Kirschner, Karsten Holldack, and Alexander Föhlisch. "Phase-locked MHz pulse selector for x-ray sources." Optics Letters 40, no. 10 (May 6, 2015): 2265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.40.002265.

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16

Gonçalves, R. F., and F. Rogalla. "Optimising the A/O cycle for phosphorus removal in a submerged biofilter under continuous feed." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 4-5 (February 1, 2000): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0485.

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This work describes laboratory scale research about Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) in a submerged biofilter under Anaerobic/Oxic (A/O) alternation and continuous feed. Its main purpose is to detail the behaviour of the reactor throughout the anaerobic and the aerobic phases of the A/O cycle, to study the importance of the anaerobic phase in the selection of the EBPR bacteria in the biofilm and to evaluate the consumption and the importance of the organic substrate during the anaerobic phase. The mass balance over the Phosphorus (P) element indicates that long anaerobic phases (6 h) are more efficient than short ones (3 h) as a selector of EBPR bacteria in biofilms. In both comparisons, thespecific mass of P released in a 6 h period represents almost 50% more than the amount of P release in the shorter period (3 h). However, the presence of rapidly biodegradable COD in the influent of the anaerobic phase is a more effective selector, more important than the duration of the anaerobic phase: by doubling the amount of acetic acid in the influent, a similar 50% increase of P-release can be achieved at short anaerobic periods of 3 h. The effect of the strategy adopted in this study, focusing on selecting EBPR bacteria in biofilm, is shown by the P levels of 4% (total P/SST) in the sludge removed from the BF by backwashing in all periods.

17

Prendl, L., and H. Kroiß. "Bulking sludge prevention by an aerobic selector." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 8-9 (October 1, 1998): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0786.

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Activated sludge bulking caused by the filamentous bacteria 021N, was repeatedly detected in the mixed liquor of a beet sugar mill treatment plant, equipped with an aerated selector. The organic pollution of the waste water consisted of about 70% easily degradable dissolved substrate (sugar, fatty acids). Only in cases when the elimination of the readily biodegradable substrate from the liquid phase in the selector was incomplete a rapid increase of filamentous bacteria could be detected consistently. The readily biodegradable substrate is predominantly removed in the selector by uptake and storage by the biomass. The oxygen demand for the storage in the selector depends on the kind of substrate. To obtain storage capacity in the selector, the sludge must have the opportunity to regenerate the capacity for substrate storage in the aeration tank. In the case of overloading and/or oxygen and/or nutrient deficiency the storage capacity can not be regenerated and the aerobic selector loses its effectiveness. From the findings about the factors influencing the elimination of the readily degradable substrate in the selector, a simple calculation method for dimensioning of aerobic selectors as well as a simulation model have been developed. In two plants, (60,000 m3/d, 40 t COD/d) that were built according to these findings it could be verified that the growth of 021N can be avoided effectively by using aerobic selectors, dimensioned with the developed calculation method. The results could be proved by successful operation of the treatment plants during the last two years. In a paper mill plant the SVI reaches values of 300 to 600 ml/g caused by the filamentous bacteria Type 0041 and Type 1701. Some days after installing an “adequate aerobic selector system” the growth of filamentous bacteria could be suppressed and the SVI reached values of 60 to 90 ml/g.

18

Xu, Shujuan, Yuying Wang, Yixia Tang, and Yibing Ji. "A protein-based mixed selector chiral monolithic stationary phase in capillary electrochromatography." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 16 (2018): 13520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj02309c.

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19

Lee, Seung-Yong, Pil-Ho Lee, and Young-Chan Jang. "121.15MHz Frequency Synthesizers using Multi-phase DLL-based Phase Selector and Fractional-N PLL." Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 17, no. 10 (October 31, 2013): 2409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2013.17.10.2409.

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20

Mekhalif, Tahar, Seydina Ibrahima Kebe, Mohamed Guerrouache, Noureddine Belattar, Marie Claude Millot, and Benjamin Carbonnier. "Novel Monolithic Stationary Phase with Surface-Grafted Triphenyl Selector for Reversed-Phase Capillary Electrochromatography." Chromatographia 79, no. 19-20 (August 9, 2016): 1333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10337-016-3156-3.

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21

Lin, X. N., M. Zhao, K. Alymann, and P. Liu. "Novel Design of a Fast Phase Selector Using Correlation Analysis." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 20, no. 2 (April 2005): 1283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2004.834298.

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22

Lukanek, F., and G. Heydt. "Phase adjustable channel selector circuit for the Gbit/s range." IEE Proceedings G (Electronic Circuits and Systems) 132, no. 6 (1985): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-g-1.1985.0058.

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23

Schmid, Martin G., and Gerald Gübitz. "Chiral separation by ligand-exchange." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 30, no. 2 (December 25, 2011): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2011.4.

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The principle of chiral ligand-exchange, introduced by Davankov, has become a widely used technique for chiral separation in both chromatography and in electromigration techniques. This simple technique makes use of the formation of mixed metal chelate complexes between a chiral selector and both enantiomers of an analyte. In HPLC, the chiral selector can be either bonded to the stationary phase or added to the mobile phase. In CE the chiral selector is simply added to the electrolyte. A relatively new approach represents CEC, where capillaries contain a chiral stationary phase. More than thousand papers appeared in the field of chiral ligand-exchange. To cite all papers would require several books.The present article gives an overview of both milestones and our activities on chiral separation using the principle of ligand-exchange. Recent advances in chip technology for chiral separations and new approaches regarding improvement of detection sensitivity are mentioned.

24

Novák, L., M. C. Goronszy, and J. Wanner. "Dynamic mathematical modelling of sequencing batch reactors with aerated and mixed filling period." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0024.

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Sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) can be successfully operated for both carbon and nutrient removal, including nitrogen and phosphorus. The major elements of design that accomplish population dynamics control to prevent filamentous sludge bulking, cycle time, oxygen supply, biological nitrification, denitrification, phosphorus removal and solids-liquid separation need to be set in such a way that sufficiently optimal conditions are provided to permit the reactions and processes to take place. SBR processing using cyclic activated sludge technology employs biological selectors in the inlet part of the SBR system and a minor sludge recycle stream to ensure influent wastewater is mixed with activated sludge flocs to create favourable conditions for kinetic and metabolic selection of microorganisms producing floccules. Reaction volume, in addition to the designated bottom water level volume, is variable through time fed-batch reactor mode of operation. A mathematical model that describes volume changes and simultaneously the biodegradation kinetics has been developed. The model describes theoretical behaviour of selected parameters of volume, suspended solids concentration, OUR, ammonia and nitrate nitrogen in the selector compartment and the main aerated basin in ideally mixed and filled reactors of the cyclic system during the phase of mixed-fill (selector) and aerated and non-aerated fill (main aeration reactor basin).

25

Guillaume, Yves-Claude, Christiane Guinchard, Truong Thanh Tong, and Mireille Thomassin. "Novel Approach to the Study of the Chiral Discrimination Mechanism in a Series of Dansyl Amino Acids." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 84, no. 6 (November 1, 2001): 1679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.6.1679.

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Abstract With poly(octadecylsiloxane) as the liquid chromatographic stationary phase, phosphate buffer as the mobile phase, a series of D- and L-dansyl amino acids as solutes, and β-cyclodextrin as the chiral selector, a study was conducted of the hydrophobic effect on both the solute complexation with the chiral selector and chiral discrimination mechanisms by varying the sucrose concentration in the mobile phase and the column temperature. The number of sucrose molecules excluded during the solute complexation with the chiral selector proved to be a good marker of the solute inclusion in the cavity. Gibbs Helmotz parameters Δ(ΔH) and Δ(ΔS) between D- and L-enantiomers were determined from plots of the logarithm of the intrinsic selectivity versus the reciprocal of the temperature. The results obtained predicted that the enantioselectivity was related to the bulkiness of the solute. This numerical approach is a valuable tool in the exploration of the steric effects implied in the formation of the host-guest complex.

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Bala, Manju, Sonika Sethi, and Priyanka Sharma. "Direct Enantiomeric Separation of Indapamide by Thin Layer Chromatography using B- Cyclodextrin as Chiral Selector." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 39, no. 6 (December 27, 2023): 1714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/390636.

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A novel economic thin layer chromatographic method for stereoselective separation of racemic mixture of (RS)-Indapamide and determination of their enantiomers was done. The method was based on using normal TLC plates and  cyclodextrin with hydroxylic part, was used as the chiral selector. Cyclodextrin was used as an additive in silica gel to prepare a TLC plate which was a non-covalent bonding, and there was no chiral substance added in the solvent system. The mobile phase was toluene-ethyl acetate-MeOH-glacial AcOH (6:4:1:0.1). Cyclodextrin was also added to mobile phase, and there was no chiral selector in the stationary phase. The mobile phase was a mixture of toluene-ethyl acetate-MeOH-glacial AcOH – 5mM CD (6:4:1:0.1:1.0). The spots were then isolated and identified. The impact of the componentsofmobile phase, temperature, and pHwas studied for the finding the best separation conditions. The spots were sited in a chamber which had Iodine granules.

27

Darwish, Mahmoud, and László Pohl. "Insulator Metal Transition-Based Selector in Crossbar Memory Arrays." Electronic Materials 5, no. 1 (February 23, 2024): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat5010002.

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This article investigates resistive random access memory (ReRAM) crossbar memory arrays, which is a notable development in non-volatile memory technology. We highlight ReRAM’s competitive edge over NAND, NOR Flash, and phase-change memory (PCM), particularly in terms of endurance, speed, and energy efficiency. This paper focuses on the architecture of crossbar arrays, where memristive devices are positioned at intersecting metal wires. We emphasize the unique resistive switching mechanisms of memristors and the challenges of sneak path currents and delve into the roles and configurations of selectors, particularly focusing on the one-selector one-resistor (1S1R) architecture with an insulator–metal transition (IMT) based selector. We use SPICE simulations based on defined models to examine a 3 × 3 1S1R ReRAM array with vanadium dioxide selectors and titanium dioxide film memristors, assessing the impact of ambient temperature and critical IMT temperatures on array performance. We highlight the operational regions of low resistive state (LRS) and high resistive state (HRS), providing insights into the electrical behavior of these components under various conditions. Lastly, we demonstrate the impact of selector presence on sneak path currents. This research contributes to the overall understanding of ReRAM crossbar arrays integrated with IMT material-based selectors.

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Villén, María Teresa, Maria Paz Comech, Eduardo Martinez Carrasco, and Aníbal Antonio Prada Hurtado. "Influence of Negative Sequence Injection Strategies on Faulted Phase Selector Performance." Energies 15, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 6018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15166018.

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Renewable power is expected to increase drastically in the coming years due to the energy transition. A large part of the newly installed generators will be connected to the power system through inverters and electronic converters, whose behaviour differs from the generators connected synchronously to the network. One of the main differences is the current contribution during symmetrical and asymmetrical faults which can affect protection systems. New grid codes establish requirements for fast current injection, but the converter’s maximum current limitations during faults make it difficult to establish control strategies for such current contribution. This paper studies the performance of faulted phase selector algorithm of a commercial relay under the current contribution from renewables before unbalanced faults. Two positive and negative sequence current injection strategies in compliance with new Spanish grid code requirements are proposed and tested under fault conditions in HiL (Hardware in the Loop). Test results show that the selected injection strategy affects the fault phase identification algorithm. Furthermore, the negative sequence injection requirements established in the new grid code improve the relay performance when line-to-line faults are applied, but they are not enough to identify all fault types.

29

Jimenez, Dennis F., Ozenir Dias, and Maria Cristina Tavares. "Fault classification and phase selector algorithm for half-wavelength transmission lines." Electric Power Systems Research 203 (February 2022): 107637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107637.

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30

Kliment'ev, S. I., V. I. Kuprenyuk, V. V. Lyubimov, and V. E. Sherstobitov. "Selector of transverse modes based on an amplitude–phase Fourier corrector." Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics 19, no. 2 (February 28, 1989): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1989v019n02abeh007821.

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31

Li, Xu, Lin Gui, Jun Chen, and Wei Jin. "Adaptive faulty phase selector for microgrids including battery energy storage stations." Journal of Energy Storage 90 (June 2024): 111859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.111859.

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32

Stepanova, M. V., L. D. Asnin та A. A. Boteva. "Relationships of Enantioselective Retention of Chiral Oxazolopyrroloquinolones on a Stationary Phase with Grafted Ristocetin А Antibiotic from Aqueous Methanol Solutions". Журнал физической химии 97, № 2 (1 лютого 2023): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044453723020280.

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The mechanisms of retention and separation of the enantiomers of chiral oxazolopyrroloquinolones on a stationary phase with graftеd macrocyclic antibiotic ristocetin A under conditions of high-performance liquid chromatography with aqueous methanol mobile phases have been studied. The retention factor was found to decrease monotonically when the CH3OH concentration in the mobile phase increased to 90 vol %; then it slightly increased as the composition of the mobile phase approached pure methanol. The thermodynamics of adsorption of oxazolopyrroloquinolones in different regions of this dependence was studied. A mathematical model has been proposed; it describes well the experimental data and allows for analyte solvation in the mobile phase and competitive adsorption (with mobile phase components) on a chiral selector. The results were compared with previously obtained data for water–acetonitrile mobile phases. The reasons for the observed differences were discussed.

33

Tichý, Miloš, and Jiří Závada. "Preparation of (R)-(-)-6,6'-Bis(3,5-dinitrobenzamido)biphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylic Acid, a Potential Chiral HPLC Selector." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, no. 12 (1995): 2161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19952161.

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34

Kim, Jeong-Geun, Shin-Dug Kim, and Su-Kyung Yoon. "Q-Selector-Based Prefetching Method for DRAM/NVM Hybrid Main Memory System." Electronics 9, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): 2158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122158.

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This research is to design a Q-selector-based prefetching method for a dynamic random-access memory (DRAM)/ Phase-change memory (PCM)hybrid main memory system for memory-intensive big data applications generating irregular memory accessing streams. Specifically, the proposed method fully exploits the advantages of two-level hybrid memory systems, constructed as DRAM devices and non-volatile memory (NVM) devices. The Q-selector-based prefetching method is based on the Q-learning method, one of the reinforcement learning algorithms, which determines a near-optimal prefetcher for an application’s current running phase. For this, our model analyzes real-time performance status to set the criteria for the Q-learning method. We evaluate the Q-selector-based prefetching method with workloads from data mining and data-intensive benchmark applications, PARSEC-3.0 and graphBIG. Our evaluation results show that the system achieves approximately 31% performance improvement and increases the hit ratio of the DRAM-cache layer by 46% on average compared to a PCM-only main memory system. In addition, it achieves better performance results compared to the state-of-the-art prefetcher, access map pattern matching (AMPM) prefetcher, by 14.3% reduction of execution time and 12.89% of better CPI enhancement.

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Satav, Miss Snehal T. "Voltage Source Inverter with Three Phase Preventer and Selector for Industrial Application." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 2396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.5397.

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36

Zou, L., Q. Zhao, X. Lin, and P. Liu. "Improved Phase Selector for Unbalanced Faults During Power Swings Using Morphological Technique." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 21, no. 4 (October 2006): 1847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2006.874608.

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37

Benmouyal, G., and J. Mahseredjian. "A Combined Directional and Faulted Phase Selector Element Based on Incremental Quantities." IEEE Power Engineering Review 21, no. 8 (August 2001): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.2001.4311563.

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38

Zhang, Chao, Zhi-Tang Song, Guan-Ping Wu, Bo Liu, Lian-Hong Wang, Jia Xu, Yan Liu, Lei Wang, Zuo-Ya Yang, and Song-Lin Feng. "An Integrated Phase Change Memory Cell with Dual Trench Epitaxial Diode Selector." Chinese Physics Letters 29, no. 3 (March 2012): 038104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/29/3/038104.

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39

Benmouyal, G., and J. Mahseredjian. "A combined directional and faulted phase selector element based on incremental quantities." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 16, no. 4 (2001): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.956725.

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40

Wang, Lun, Jinyu Wen, Rongjiang Zhu, Jiangxi Chen, Hao Tong, and Xiangshui Miao. "Failure mechanism investigation and endurance improvement in Te-rich Ge–Te based ovonic threshold switching selectors." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 19 (November 7, 2022): 193501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0127177.

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The endurance of ovonic threshold switching (OTS) selectors is a key element for memory application. However, multi-element system for OTS in recent studies will induce element or phase segregation and lead to device failure. Since pure Te based device characterizes relatively high off current, in this work, we studied a Te-rich Ge–Te based OTS selector. We first conducted a failure analysis on Ge–Te based OTS selector. Through first-principles calculations, we found that a relatively larger Ge concentration in the Ge–Te system may lead to a worse device endurance after continuous operation due to the migration of Ge atoms. Experiments further proved that device endurance can be improved more than two orders of magnitude through decreasing Ge concentration and the element segregation is greatly weakened by the composition close to elemental. Finally, a significantly improved endurance of 2 × 1010 was realized in Ge10Te90 based OTS selectors. In the meantime, the Ge10Te90 based OTS selectors show good switching performance and potential for use in memory applications.

41

Fouad, Ali, Adel A. Marzouk, Montaser Sh A. Shaykoon, Samy M. Ibrahim, Sobhy M. El-Adl, and Ashraf Ghanem. "Daptomycin: A Novel Macrocyclic Antibiotic as a Chiral Selector in an Organic Polymer Monolithic Capillary for the Enantioselective Analysis of a Set of Pharmaceuticals." Molecules 26, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 3527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123527.

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Daptomycin, a macrocyclic antibiotic, is here used as a new chiral selector in preparation of chiral stationary phase (CSP) in a recently prepared polymer monolithic capillary. The latter is prepared using the copolymerization of the monomers glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) in the presence of daptomycin in water. Under reversed phase conditions (RP), the prepared capillaries were tested for the enantioselective nanoliquid chromatographic separation of fifty of the racemic drugs of different pharmacological groups, such as adrenergic blockers, H1-blockers, NSAIDs, antifungal drugs, and others. Baseline separation was attained for many drugs under RP-HPLC. Daptomycin expands the horizon of chiral selectors in HPLC.

42

Sun, Qian, and Susan V. Olesik. "Chiral separation by simultaneous use of vancomycin as stationary phase chiral selector and chiral mobile phase additive." Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 745, no. 1 (August 2000): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00267-x.

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43

Wu, Renjie, Yuting Sun, Shuhao Zhang, Zihao Zhao, and Zhitang Song. "Great Potential of Si-Te Ovonic Threshold Selector in Electrical Performance and Scalability." Nanomaterials 13, no. 6 (March 21, 2023): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13061114.

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The selector is an indispensable section of the phase change memory (PCM) chip, where it not only suppresses the crosstalk, but also provides high on-current to melt the incorporated phase change material. In fact, the ovonic threshold switching (OTS) selector is utilized in 3D stacking PCM chips by virtue of its high scalability and driving capability. In this paper, the influence of Si concentration on the electrical properties of Si-Te OTS materials is studied; the threshold voltage and leakage current remain basically unchanged with the decrease in electrode diameter. Meanwhile, the on-current density (Jon) increases significantly as the device is scaling down, and 25 MA/cm2 on-current density is achieved in the 60-nm SiTe device. In addition, we also determine the state of the Si-Te OTS layer and preliminarily obtain the approximate band structure, from which we infer that the conduction mechanism conforms to the Poole-Frenkel (PF) model.

44

Asmari, Mufarreh, Xiaoyu Wang, Natalia Casado, Marjan Piponski, Sergiy Kovalenko, Liliya Logoyda, Rasha Sayed Hanafi, and Sami El Deeb. "Chiral Monolithic Silica-Based HPLC Columns for Enantiomeric Separation and Determination: Functionalization of Chiral Selector and Recognition of Selector-Selectand Interaction." Molecules 26, no. 17 (August 29, 2021): 5241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175241.

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This review draws attention to the use of chiral monolithic silica HPLC columns for the enantiomeric separation and determination of chiral compounds. Properties and advantages of monolithic silica HPLC columns are also highlighted in comparison to conventional particle-packed, fused-core, and sub-2-µm HPLC columns. Nano-LC capillary monolithic silica columns as well as polymeric-based and hybrid-based monolithic columns are also demonstrated to show good enantioresolution abilities. Methods for introducing the chiral selector into the monolithic silica column in the form of mobile phase additive, by encapsulation and surface coating, or by covalent functionalization are described. The application of molecular modeling methods to elucidate the selector–selectand interaction is discussed. An application for enantiomeric impurity determination is also considered.

45

Sun, Danyu, Runping Wang, Fenfang Li, Lianglei Liu, and Zhijian Tan. "Enantioselective Extraction of Phenylalanine Enantiomers Using Environmentally Friendly Aqueous Two-Phase Systems." Processes 6, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6110212.

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(1) Background: The environmentally friendly choline-amino acid ionic liquids (ChAAILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been used as excellent alternatives to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ionic liquids (ILs) in recent years; (2) Methods: Thus, ChAAILs/salt and DESs/salt aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) were developed for the chiral extraction of phenylalanine enantiomers. The optimum ATPS of [Ch][L-Pro]/K3PO4 was chosen, and the influencing parameters were investigated, including ChAAILs concentration, salt concentration, chiral selector concentration, extraction temperature, phenylalanine concentration, and system pH; (3) Results: The phenylalanine enantiomers were mainly extracted into the top phase (ChAAIL-rich phase), meanwhile, the (S)-phenylalanine [(S)-Phe)] was preferentially recognized by the chiral selector in the top phase. The maximum separation factor (α) of 2.05 was obtained under the optimal conditions; and (4) Conclusions: This ATPS that was used for the chiral extraction of enantiomers is much more environmentally friendly, simple, and rapid, and has the potential to be used in the enantioselective extraction of other enantiomers.

46

Ekborg-Ott, K. Helen, Xiande Wang, and Daniel W. Armstrong. "Effect of Selector Coverage and Mobile Phase Composition on Enantiomeric Separations with Ristocetin A Chiral Stationary Phases." Microchemical Journal 62, no. 1 (May 1999): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mchj.1999.1730.

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47

Qiu, Jiliang, Baogang Peng, Yunqiang Tang, Yeben Qian, Pi Guo, Mengfeng Li, Junhang Luo, et al. "CpG Methylation Signature Predicts Recurrence in Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results From a Multicenter Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 7 (March 1, 2017): 734–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.68.2153.

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Purpose Early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (E-HCC) is being diagnosed increasingly, and in one half of diagnosed patients, recurrence will develop. Thus, it is urgent to identify recurrence-related markers. We investigated the effectiveness of CpG methylation in predicting recurrence for patients with E-HCCs. Patients and Methods In total, 576 patients with E-HCC from four independent centers were sorted by three phases. In the discovery phase, 66 tumor samples were analyzed using the Illumina Methylation 450k Beadchip. Two algorithms, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selector Operation and Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination, were used to select significant CpGs. In the training phase, penalized Cox regression was used to further narrow CpGs into 140 samples. In the validation phase, candidate CpGs were validated using an internal cohort (n = 141) and two external cohorts (n = 191 and n =104). Results After combining the 46 CpGs selected by the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selector Operation and the Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination algorithms, three CpGs corresponding to SCAN domain containing 3, Src homology 3-domain growth factor receptor-bound 2-like interacting protein 1, and peptidase inhibitor 3 were highlighted as candidate predictors in the training phase. On the basis of the three CpGs, a methylation signature for E-HCC (MSEH) was developed to classify patients into high- and low-risk recurrence groups in the training cohort ( P < .001). The performance of MSEH was validated in the internal cohort ( P < .001) and in the two external cohorts ( P < .001; P = .002). Furthermore, a nomogram comprising MSEH, tumor differentiation, cirrhosis, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, and antivirus therapy was generated to predict the 5-year recurrence-free survival in the training cohort, and it performed well in the three validation cohorts (concordance index: 0.725, 0.697, and 0.693, respectively). Conclusion MSEH, a three-CpG–based signature, is useful in predicting recurrence for patients with E-HCC.

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Raikar, Prachi, Bannimath M. Gurupadayya, Sripuram Subramanyam, and Gunnam Srinivasu. "Analysis of Orphenadrine Citrate in Various Chiral Stationary Phases: A Comparative Study." Current Chromatography 7, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213240607999200621202159.

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Background: Polysaccharide based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) were used to perform enantiomeric separation of Orphenadrine Citrate by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography (UFLC) technique. Trials were conducted using the polar mode, reverse phase mode and normal phase mode. Amylose and Cellulose-based CSPs were used for the same. Materials and Methods: Eight Amylose-based CSPs and four Cellulose-based CSPs were used in the reverse phase mode. Five Amylose-based CSPs and two Cellulose-based CSPs were used in polar mode. The only Cellulose-based CSP used in the normal phase mode could effectively separate Orphenadrine Citrate enantiomers with a good resolution. Results and Discussion: Successful enantioseparation was obtained using Chiralcel OD-H containing Cellulose tris (3, 5- dimethylphenylcarbamate) as a chiral selector and n-hexane: Ethanol: Diethylamine (95: 05: 0.1, v/v/v) as the mobile phase. The developed method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines (Q2R1). Conclusion: The proposed objectives were successfully accomplished as the developed method could effectively resolve Orphenadrine Citrate enantiomers.

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Franzini, Roberta, Marco Pierini, Andrea Mazzanti, Antonia Iazzetti, Alessia Ciogli, and Claudio Villani. "Molecular Recognition of the HPLC Whelk-O1 Selector towards the Conformational Enantiomers of Nevirapine and Oxcarbazepine." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010144.

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The presence of stereogenic elements is a common feature in pharmaceutical compounds, and affording optically pure stereoisomers is a frequent issue in drug design. In this context, the study of the chiral molecular recognition mechanism fundamentally supports the understanding and optimization of chromatographic separations with chiral stationary phases. We investigated, with molecular docking, the interactions between the chiral HPLC selector Whelk-O1 and the stereoisomers of two bioactive compounds, the antiviral Nevirapine and the anticonvulsant Oxcarbazepine, both characterized by two stereolabile conformational enantiomers. The presence of fast-exchange enantiomers and the rate of the interconversion process were studied using low temperature enantioselective HPLC and VT-NMR with Whelk-O1 applied as chiral solvating agent. The values of the energetic barriers of interconversion indicate, for the single enantiomers of both compounds, half-lives sufficiently long enough to allow their separation only at critically sub-ambient temperatures. The chiral selector Whelk-O1 performed as a strongly selective discriminating agent both when applied as a chiral stationary phase (CSP) in HPLC and as CSA in NMR spectroscopy.

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Sowmya Dhanalakshmi, Dr C., Dr P. Madhu, Mr N. Hemachandran, Mr V. E. Muthukumar, and L. B. Harish Arvinth. "Design and Fabrication of Robotic Arm for the assembly of Phase Selector Switch." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1059, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1059/1/012032.

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