Статті в журналах: "PHASE CHANGING MATERIAL"

1

HO, KEN K., ERIC GANS, DANIEL D. SHIN, and GREGORY P. CARMAN. "STRESS INDUCED PHASE CHANGING MATERIAL FOR THERMOACOUSTIC REFRIGERATION." Integrated Ferroelectrics 101, no. 1 (December 9, 2008): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584580802470264.

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2

Kumar, Gondela Yaswanth, Kanu Priya Jhanji, and R. Amit Kumar. "Study of self-healing capability of composite material with phase changing paraffin wax and graphene." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1248, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1248/1/012094.

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Abstract The main aim of this research work was to conduct an experimental study of self-healing capability of the composite material by using phase changing material. The phase changing material utilized was “paraffin wax” for healing the material made up of the carbon fiber and epoxy. Three combinations of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy with phase changing materials were prepared i.e., plain carbon fiber epoxy without any phase changing material, carbon fiber epoxy with paraffin wax and carbon fiber epoxy with paraffin wax nano graphene. The fabrication of the carbon fiber composite material inside the capsulation has been done by keeping the 3d model. To identify the structural properties of the material some tests were done i.e., the tensile test and flexural test at normal room temperature and pressure. Damage was produced at the center of each specimen with the help of a Barcol hardness test machine. The Specimens were tested without indentation damage, immediately after indentation damage and after 48 hours of producing damage.

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3

Pal, Manisha, and A. K. Chauhan. "Experimental Investigation of Thermal Energy Storage with Phase Changing Material." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 7, no. 1 (2019): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.711913.

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Solar energy is the most prospective source of energy in recent years. Investigation is going on to utilize the solar energy by various academicians and researchers. The main problem in harnessing and using solar energy is its discontinuous nature. Solar energy is not available continuously for 24 hours. So, there is a need to develop a method to store thermal energy during sunshine and utilise this stored energy as per requirement. Some materials available called phase changing materials (PCMs) which can store large amount of thermal energy in the form of latent heat. This energy can be used to heat the water for domestic purposes during evening hours. In this work, an experiment was carried out on parabolic solar concentrator to check the feasibility of using phase changing material as a solar energy storage medium to heat the water. Two containers were put on the concentrator to heat the same amount of water. One container was with PCM material and the other container was without PCM material. The energy efficiency of the system with pcm storage was greater than the system without pcm storage. It means that the pcm storage system is able to trap more of the incident radiation in the form of thermal energy. The exergy efficiency of the system with pcm storage was also higher than the system without pcm storage.

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4

Pavadad, Aditya. "A Review on Phase-Changing Material in Battery Management Systems." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 3451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45751.

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Abstract: Phase change materials (PCMs) are substances that assimilate or deliver a lot of supposed "idle" heat when they go through an adjustment of their actual state, for example from strong to liquid as well as the reverse way around. Even though a ton of progressions have been made in electric vehicle batteries which helps in conveying more power while requiring fewer charges, the capacity to plan a viable cooling framework is as yet a major worry for the security of a battery. Warm capacity is utilized to build the cooling limit during the hot days while utilizing the colder air around evening time to re-energize the warm stockpiling. CNT helps in working on the warm conductivity of the composite. The disadvantage of issues like PCM bundling, plan specifying, volume change, and spillage ought to be recognized for the further improvement of Phase Change Material based Battery Management Systems.

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5

Thayyil, Sudhin, Seetha Shankaran, Angie Wade, Frances M. Cowan, Manju Ayer, Karayapally Satheesan, Ceebi Sreejith, et al. "Whole-body cooling in neonatal encephalopathy using phase changing material." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 98, no. 3 (March 7, 2013): F280—F281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-303840.

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6

Feilchenfeld, Hans, and Sara Sarig. "Calcium chloride hexahydrate: a phase-changing material for energy storage." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development 24, no. 1 (March 1985): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i300017a024.

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7

Wang, Mei, Lang Liu, Liu Chen, Xiaoyan Zhang, Bo Zhang, and Changfa Ji. "Cold Load and Storage Functional Backfill for Cooling Deep Mine." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (July 5, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5435214.

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Considering the deep mining heat-hazard problem, the concept and academic idea of cold load and storage (CLS) functional backfill applied on deep mine cooling was put forward. Firstly, according to characteristics of filling mining, a method of cooling stopes with CLS phase changing backfill which is made from the backfill material with CLS phase change material (PCM) was proposed. The working process, cooling physics, and the economic and safety benefits of CLS phase changing backfill were produced. Secondly, the theory system of cooling with CLS phase changing backfill was built. The theoretical basis of the key problems involved was investigated and analyzed which concluded heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and backfill mechanics. Lastly, the technology system of cooling with CLS phase changing backfill was established on the basis of the required technical assistance. It includes four parts: the backfill material design, the backfill material conveying way design, the stope temperature control scheme design, and the strength of cemented tailings backfill analysis. The idea of applying CLS phase changing backfill on cooling deep mine stopes and its theory and technology systems provide a scientific research and suitable development direction for deep mine cooling.

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8

Li, Xianfa, Yongjun Shi, and Shuyao Wang. "Investigation of the phase transformation characteristics of Fe-Co elastrocalaric refrigeration alloy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2076, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2076/1/012033.

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Abstract Mechanical alloying (AM) and powder metallurgy(PM) have been widely used in many fields especially in the development of new alloy materials due to the advantages of simple process, high material utilization rate and accurate material ratio. In this investigation, experimental procedures were proposed to explore the phase transformation characteristics, elastrocalaric refrigeration effect of Fe-Co alloys synthesized by AM and PM. The samples of Fe-Co elastrocalaric refrigeration alloy with different phase transformation temperatures and different enthalpy changes have been successfully prepared by changing the initial ratio of Co element. The results show that the phase transformation characteristics have changed with the increase of Co content and showed different changing trends.

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9

Ishizuka, Masaru, and Yoshitaka Fukuoka. "Development of New Density Package Cooling Technology Using Phase-Changing Material. Application of Thermal Network Method to Phase-Changing Phenomena." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 60, no. 574 (1994): 2165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.60.2165.

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10

Gnanavel, C., R. Saravanan, and M. Chandrasekaran. "Numerical Exploration of Influence of Phase Changing Material in Heat Transfer Augmentation in the Double Tube Heat Exchanger." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.27 (August 15, 2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.27.17751.

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The double tube heat exchanger is a device in which the inner tube carries the hot fluid. Phase Changing Material is the energy storage device is used for Solar heater applications to maintain the constant temperature, in the present study of this work is CFD Analysis of plain tube heat exchanger with Phase Changing Material (PCM) and without Phase Changing Material (PCM), Charging time, liquid volume fraction with the various Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) inlet temperature 70, 75, 80 deg Celsius and various flow conditions of laminar flow of 2000 Re, Transition flow of 4000 Re and Turbulent flow of 10,000 Re

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11

Sharma, Rashmi, and Vipul Dev Avasthi. "Analysis of the Effects of Phase Changing Material on Concrete Pavement." Journal of Futuristic Sciences and Applications 3, no. 2 (2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/jfsa.322001.

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In order to provide the public with better services, there is an increasing demand for efficient transportation. Concrete pavements are used more commonly in highway building today. Concrete pavement is more efficient because of its increased strength, dependability, and endurance; however, temperature stresses have a big impact on concrete pavements. This study investigates the potential use of phase-changing material (PCM) to reduce temperature stresses in concrete pavements. to compare the temperature differences between various PCM replacement amounts in concrete mixes and compressive strength A heat simulator indoors with temperature sensors was used to measure the temperature difference between concrete formulations. The difference in temperatures is one of the primary reasons that concrete pavement curls. The results imply that lowering thermal stresses in concrete pavement by increasing PCM content.

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12

Kahn, Peter B., and Yair Zarmi. "Consistent perturbation expansion for phase‐changing material in a finite domain." Journal of Applied Physics 61, no. 11 (June 1987): 5018–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338322.

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13

Esmonde, Harry. "Fractal and Fractional Derivative Modelling of Material Phase Change." Fractal and Fractional 4, no. 3 (September 14, 2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract4030046.

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An iterative approach is taken to develop a fractal topology that can describe the material structure of phase changing materials. Transfer functions and frequency response functions based on fractional calculus are used to describe this topology and then applied to model phase transformations in liquid/solid transitions in physical processes. Three types of transformation are tested experimentally, whipping of cream (rheopexy), solidification of gelatine and melting of ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA). A liquid-type model is used throughout the cream whipping process while liquid and solid models are required for gelatine and EVA to capture the yield characteristic of these materials.

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14

Barauskas, Rimantas, Audrone Sankauskaite, Vitalija Rubeziene, Ausra Gadeikyte, Virginija Skurkyte-Papieviene, and Ausra Abraitiene. "Investigation of thermal properties of spacer fabrics with phase changing material by finite element model and experiment." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 15-16 (January 27, 2020): 1837–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520902063.

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This study presents the developed computational finite element models for transient heat transfer analysis in fabrics enriched by phase change materials along with efforts to provide validation on the basis of obtained experimental results. The environment-friendly butyl stearate is used as a phase change material. Its melting/heating absorption takes place in temperature range from 19℃ to 34℃, and the solidification/heat release occurs from 34℃ to 19℃. An important aspect in this analysis is the investigation of appropriateness of the material samples dimensions selected for effective heat capacity against temperature measurements. For this purpose, we used the combined experimental and finite element simulation-based analysis. A similar computational procedure enabled us to estimate the effective latent specific heat relationship of the fabric with phase change materials coating. The direct usage of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement-based specific heat relationships against temperature in the finite element models ensured good compliance of the computed results with the experiment. For validation of the developed computational models the infrared radiation heating-cooling experiments on fabrics with different deposits of a phase change material were performed. The noticeable influence of content of phase change materials for transient thermal behavior during heating-cooling cycles was determined. The experimental results have been compared against the finite element simulation results.

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15

Claude, Vincent, Stéphane Charron, Fabrice de Barquin, and Inge Dirkx. "Microencapsulated Phase Changing Materials for Gypsum Plasters: A Practical Approach." Construction Materials 1, no. 3 (November 9, 2021): 188–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/constrmater1030012.

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Several studies have shown the feasibility and thermal potential of gypsum plaster with microspheres of PCM, but very few of them investigated an approach with practical and standards concern. In this work, different characterizations are performed according to European standards on a standard gypsum plaster and two different gypsum plasters formulated with 20 wt.% of PCM microspheres. A material is experimentally made by mixing conventional gypsum and PCM microspheres, whereas the other is an already prepared commercial mix. For the laboratory material, the addition of PCM increases the consistency of the fresh paste of plaster. In order to reach a consistency in agreement with the standards more water is required. This higher amount of water causes further issues on the densification and cohesion properties. In contrary, the properties of the commercial mix are closer to a common plaster. It is therefore assumed that the commercial material incorporates thinner additives. In view of these results, it is assumed that most of the drawbacks due to the addition of PCM microspheres in gypsum plasters could effectively be encountered by adequate addition of additives in order to reduce the amount of water, and binding resins in order to improve the adhesion and mechanical properties.

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16

Qiu, Lin, Run Ping Niu, and Zhi Tan. "Experimental Research of PCMs - TH29 Using on Building Energy Storage." Advanced Materials Research 569 (September 2012): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.569.202.

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This article experimental studies the thermal Characteristics of a hydrated salt TH29 Phase change materials (PCMs),which involves phase change process and was used in building energy storage field, tests the different solid/liquid ratio of the phase change material, the whole time of phase change, and the delayed effect at different locations in phase change process, phase-changing cycles and thermal stability and TH29 temperature variety at heating and cooling modes and the delay phenomena on different location. The experimental results show that a good thermal stability of TH29 after long term phase-changing cycles can be attained under this test condition. It can satisfy people’s requirement of thermal comfort and attain function of energy saving and adjustment.

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17

Nizovtsev, Mikhail I., Vladimir N. Letushko, and Aleksey N. Sterlyagov. "Increasing the thermal conductivity of the phase-change material graphene nanotubes." Proceedings of the Russian higher school Academy of sciences, no. 4 (December 27, 2022): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1727-2769-2022-4-50-65.

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The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the use of graphene nanotubes to increase the thermal conductivity of a phase-changing material. Graphene nanotubes were dispersed in molten paraffin by ultrasonic treatment in an amount of 0.1–0.5 wt.%. The obtained samples of paraffin with graphene nanotubes were examined on a scanning calorimeter. All samples with different content of nanotubes during heating and cooling on the DSC curves had two peaks corresponding to the phase transitions of the main hydrocarbons that are part of the paraffin. The presence of nanotubes in paraffin did not significantly affect the shape of the DSC curves. Expe¬riments with sample heating in a thermostat in terms of the time delay in changing the temperature of the samples indicated an increase in the thermal conductivity of paraffin in the solid state when graphene nanotubes were added to it and a decrease in the liquid state. These effects increased with increasing mass content of nanotubes. The method of stationary heat flow was used to determine the coefficient of thermal conductivity of samples of a phase-changing material with nanotubes. According to the measurement results, the maximum increase in the thermal conductivity of paraffin in the solid state was 22 % at a nanotube concentration of 0.5 wt.%. The thermal conductivity coefficients of various materials with «contrasting» inclusions are compared accor¬ding to the results of calculations and experiments.

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18

Qiu, Lin, Zhi Tan, and Min Yan. "Thermal Characteristics of PCMs - TH29 in Building Energy Storage." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1218.

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Phase change materials (PCMs) using in the building energy storage field can satisfy people’s requirement of thermal comfort and attain function of energy saving and adjustment. This article experimental studies thermal Characteristics of a hydrated salt PCMs (TH29) ,which involves phase change process and was used in building energy storage, tests the different solid/liquid ratio of the phase change material, the whole time of phase change, and the delayed effect at different locations in phase change process, phase-changing cycles and thermal stability and TH29 temperature variety at heating and cooling modes and the delay phenomena on different location. The experimental results show that a good thermal stability of TH29 after long term phase-changing cycles can be attained under this test condition.

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19

Chen, Fang, Lihui Sun, Huafeng Zhang, Jijun Li, and Chunchao Yu. "Tunable optical absorption based on plasmonic nanostructure assisted by phase-changing material." Optik 189 (July 2019): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.05.082.

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20

Shukla, Priyanka, and M. Deepu. "Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Thermal Ignition of a Phase Changing Energetic Material." Defence Science Journal 66, no. 3 (April 25, 2016): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.66.9357.

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Fortuitous exposure to high temperatures initiates reaction in energetic materials and possibilities of such event are of great concern in terms of the safe and controlled usage of explosive devices. Experimental and numerical investigations on time to explosion and location of ignition of a phase changing polymer bonded explosive material (80 per cent RDX and 20 per cent binder), contained in a metallic confinement subjected to controlled temperature build-up on its surface, are presented. An experimental setup was developed in which the polymer bonded explosive material filled in a cylindrical confinement was provided with a precise control of surface heating rate. Temperature at various radial locations was monitored till ignition. A computational model for solving two dimensional unsteady heat transfer with phase change and heat generation due to multi-step chemical reaction was developed. This model was implemented using a custom field function in the framework of a finite volume method based standard commercial solver. Numerical study could simulate the transient heat conduction, the melting pattern of the explosive within the charge and also the thermal runaway. Computed values of temperature evolution at various radial locations and the time to ignition were closely agreeing with those measured in experiment. Results are helpful both in predicting the possibility of thermal ignition during accidents as well as for the design of safety systems.

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21

Du, Kaikai, Lu Cai, Hao Luo, Yue Lu, Jingyi Tian, Yurui Qu, Pintu Ghosh, et al. "Wavelength-tunable mid-infrared thermal emitters with a non-volatile phase changing material." Nanoscale 10, no. 9 (2018): 4415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr09672k.

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22

Ahmed, Firas Saaduldeen, Zozan Saadallah Hussain, and Truska Khalid Mohammed Salih. "Enhancing performance for three-phase induction motor by changing the magnetic flux density and core material using COMSOL." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp62-72.

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This paper presents a proposed design and analysis of a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor when changing of internal characteristic design for the three-phase induction motor. Two situations have been applied to enhancing the performance of the three-phase induction motor. The first situation has been implemented by changing the magnetic flux density (MFD) via the build of the six-phase for the same induction motor. The second situation has been implemented by changing core materials of the rotor part of the induction motor, like aluminum (AL) and cast iron (CI). The finite element method (FEM) has been used to analyze the rotor part, also to obtain the representation and simulation of the realty cylindrical rotor part of motor. The frequency domain (FD) analysis using to obtain the results within the environment of the COMSOL multiphysics 5.5 version.

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23

Liu, Songyang, Jie Han, Lunan Wang, Ying Gao, Hai Sun, and Weilong Li. "A lauric acid-hybridized bentonite composite phase-changing material for thermal energy storage." RSC Advances 10, no. 43 (2020): 25864–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra06936d.

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We have developed a shape-stabilized composite phase change material (PCM) for thermal-energy storage in this work. The as-prepared LA/Na-bentonite-1 seems to be a promising shape-stabilized composite PCM candidate for thermal-energy-storage systems.

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24

Thomas, Niranjan, Yogeshwar Chakrapani, Grace Rebekah, Kalyani Kareti, and Suresh Devasahayam. "Phase Changing Material: An Alternative Method for Cooling Babies with Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy." Neonatology 107, no. 4 (February 26, 2015): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000375286.

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25

Li, Maohua, Linhong Li, Yue Qin, Xianzhe Wei, Xiangdong Kong, Zhenbang Zhang, Shaoyang Xiong, et al. "Crystallization induced realignment of carbon fibers in a phase change material to achieve exceptional thermal transportation properties." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, no. 2 (2022): 593–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta09056a.

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26

Matos, Randy, and Nezih Pala. "A Review of Phase-Change Materials and Their Potential for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces." Micromachines 14, no. 6 (June 16, 2023): 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14061259.

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Phase-change materials (PCMs) and metal-insulator transition (MIT) materials have the unique feature of changing their material phase through external excitations such as conductive heating, optical stimulation, or the application of electric or magnetic fields, which, in turn, results in changes to their electrical and optical properties. This feature can find applications in many fields, particularly in reconfigurable electrical and optical structures. Among these applications, the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has emerged as a promising platform for both wireless RF applications as well as optical ones. This paper reviews the current, state-of-the-art PCMs within the context of RIS, their material properties, their performance metrics, some applications found in the literature, and how they can impact the future of RIS.

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27

Abdollahramezani, Sajjad, Hossein Taghinejad, Tianren Fan, Mahmood Reza Marzban, Ali A. Eftekhar, and Ali Adibi. "Reconfigurable multifunctional metasurfaces employing hybrid phase-change plasmonic architecture." Nanophotonics 11, no. 17 (August 15, 2022): 3883–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2022-0271.

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Abstract We present a hybrid device platform for creating an electrically reconfigurable metasurface formed by the integration of plasmonic nanostructures with phase-change material germanium antimony telluride (GST). By changing the phase of GST from amorphous to crystalline through Joule heating, a large range of responses from the metasurface can be achieved. Furthermore, by using the intermediate phases of GST, the metasurface can interact with the incident light in both over-coupling and under-coupling regimes, leading to an inherently broadband response. Through a detailed investigation of the nature of the fundamental modes, we demonstrate that changing the crystalline phase of the GST at the pixel-level enables an effective control over the key properties (i.e., amplitude, phase, and polarization) of incident light. This leads to the realization of a broadband electrically tunable multifunctional metadevice enabling beam switching, focusing, steering, and polarization conversion. Such a hybrid structure offers a high-speed, broadband, and nonvolatile reconfigurable paradigm for electrically programmable optical devices such as switches, holograms, and polarimeters.

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28

Matovic, B., G. Rixecker, J. Golczewski, and F. Aldinger. "Thermal conductivity of pressureless sintered silicon nitride materials with LiYO2 additive." Science of Sintering 36, no. 1 (2004): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos0401003m.

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Si3N4 ceramics with different microstructures were prepared by pressureless sintering, using LiYO2 as a sintering additive. The effect of micro structural parameters, such as grain size and volume of intergranular phase on thermal conductivity was studied. Materials with thermal conductivities of 26-38 W?(m?K)-1 were obtained by changing the amount of sintering additive. The highest conductivity was measured for the material with the least amount of additive. Since the phase composition is the same for all sintered materials the difference in thermal conductivity is attributed to the amount of glassy phase in the grain-junctions. .

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29

Chamninok, Pattanasuk, Dheerachai Polsongkram, Ki Seok An, Jaruwan Pongsuwan, and Supakorn Pukird. "The Effect of Temperature on Preparing CuO Nanostructures for Changing of Electrical Resistance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 620 (August 2014): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.620.409.

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CuO nanostructures materials were prepared by thermal process using carbon charcoal assisted. The copper powder and copper sheet were mixed and covered with carbon charcoal. The starting materials and Si substrates were put in the furnace and heated at various temperatures under atmosphere of nitrogen gas. The prepared products were characterized by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction technique and then studying for changing of the electrical resistance with temperature. The results revealed that the nanostructures of material consisting of CuO and Cu2O phase and the electrical resistance was changed with temperature.

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30

Zhang, Y., M. S. Sanchez, C. Douet, Y. Wang, A. P. Bateman, Z. Gong, M. Kuwata, et al. "Changing shapes and implied viscosities of suspended submicron particles." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 5 (March 9, 2015): 6821–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-6821-2015.

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Abstract. The change in shape of atmospherically relevant organic particles is used to estimate the viscosity of the particle material without the need for removal from aerosol suspension. The dynamic shape factors χ of particles produced by α-pinene ozonolysis in a flow tube reactor, under conditions of particle coagulation, were measured while altering the relative humidity (RH) downstream of the flow tube. As relative humidity was increased, the results showed that χ could change from 1.27 to 1.02, corresponding to a transition from aspherical to nearly spherical shapes. The shape change could occur at elevated RH because the organic material had decreased viscosity and was therefore able to flow to form spherical shapes, as favored by minimization of surface area. Numerical modeling was used to estimate the particle viscosity associated with this flow. Based on particle diameter and RH exposure time, the viscosity dropped from 10(8.7±2.0) to 10(7.0±2.0) Pa s (2σ) for an increase in RH from < 5 to 58% at 293 K, corresponding to a solid to semisolid transition for the organic material. These results imply that the equilibration of the chemical composition of the particle phase with the gas phase can shift from hours at mid-range RH to weeks for low RH.

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31

Louanate, Amal, Rabie El Otmani, Khalid Kandoussi, and M’Hamed Boutaous. "Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of paraffin wax as a phase changing energy storage material." Physica Scripta 95, no. 10 (September 14, 2020): 105003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/abb49f.

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32

Somani, Prakash, and Arun Gaur. "Evaluation and reduction of temperature stresses in concrete pavement by using phase changing material." Materials Today: Proceedings 32 (2020): 856–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.214.

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33

Qu, Yurui, Qiang Li, Lu Cai, and Min Qiu. "Polarization switching of thermal emissions based on plasmonic structures incorporating phase-changing material Ge2Sb2Te5." Optical Materials Express 8, no. 8 (July 23, 2018): 2312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ome.8.002312.

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34

Wang, Songhao, and Joseph D. Millogo. "Phase Changing Material Used with RP Technology in Quick Wax Molding for Investment Casting." Computer-Aided Design and Applications 9, no. 3 (January 2012): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3722/cadaps.2012.409-418.

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35

Qu, Yurui, Qiang Li, Kaikai Du, Lu Cai, Jun Lu, and Min Qiu. "Dynamic Thermal Emission Control Based on Ultrathin Plasmonic Metamaterials Including Phase-Changing Material GST." Laser & Photonics Reviews 11, no. 5 (August 29, 2017): 1700091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201700091.

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36

Vucicevic, Biljana, Dragoslav Mrdja, Valentina Turanjanin, Predrag Skobalj, and Milica Mladenovic. "Indoor temperatures affected by phase-change materials." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2023): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci230531172v.

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Energy costs are rapidly rising around the world and it is important to find a way to reduce energy consumption. Energy consumption in buildings can account for up to 40% of total energy consumption in developed European countries due to an increase in living space per person, an increase in the need for air conditioning, an increase in the number of appliances used in households, and other factors. Due to the increasingly frequent high temperatures during the summer and the increase in electricity consumption, it is very important to find a way to decrease indoor temperatures in urban residential buildings without using more energy, given the severe energy crisis that has engulfed Europe and the high percentage of energy and electricity consumption in the residential sector. Installation of phase-changeable materials is one method for improving the thermal envelope of a building by increasing the thermal capacity of the envelope and thus affecting the reduction of indoor temperature oscillations and, consequently, reduction of summer electricity consumption. In this study, the TRNSYS software package was used to simulate and compare the indoor air temperature in typical detached houses built in period 1946 and 1970 in the Belgrade area, for both, the case without and the case with installed phase-changing material. It was shown that incorporating a phase-changing material with a melting temperature of 25?C into the inter-floor construction of the house could significantly improve comfort conditions by reduce indoor temperature fluctuations during the warm period without consuming additional energy. When the temperature outside is around 30?C, the maximum air temperature in the house drops by about 2?C.

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Prabu, D., A. Giriprasath, and S. Viknesh. "Design and fabrication of solar water distillation with conventional solar still." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2054, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2054/1/012008.

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Abstract The project of design and fabrication in “solar water distillation” is producing pure water from solar energy is of great importance the world over, our work is production of clean water effectively from saline water with utilization of solar still can produce sufficient amount of pure water from saline water. The solar energy is given as input which evaporates the sea water. The evaporated water gets condensed in above internal glass surface. The condensed water gets collected in a container and the collected water is noted down as output reading. In this conventional solar still with an extra addition of a phase changing material releases heat when there is no solar energy the heat released by this phase changing material evaporates the saline water when there is no sunlight to improve the productivity of the solar still during sunset condition also the still gives better performance with phase changing material (pcm). The comparatively cheap and compact system depends on non-conventional energy. The inspiration of the venture is restricted to accessibility of clean water assets of sullied water accessible for expected change in to compact water.

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38

Shewalkar, Akshay, Ujjwal Nimbalkar, Sanghdeep Meshram, Vaibhav Rande, Rohan Lohra, Saurabh Ghubade, and Shashank Farkase. "Performance Analysis of Refrigerated Storage Chamber Using Phase Change Material." SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 14, no. 01 SPL (June 30, 2022): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v14spli01.21.

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The research work aims to analyze the refrigerated storage chamber using phase change materials to solve the problem related to improper storage and handling of vaccines, blood samples and organs. This analysis focuses mainly on design and fabrication of an environment friendly refrigerated storage chamber which can be used in areas where electricity supply is erratic and to fabricate a model to maintain optimum temperature for vaccine storage, blood sample and organ storage using a phase changing material. PCMs behaves isothermally in nature, and thus gives higher density energy storage and the ability to operate in a range of temperature conditions. Three phase change materials namely acetic acid, sodium sulphate decahydrate and glycerol are used for the experimentation purpose. These phase change materials are used in frozen form. The results obtained from experimentation are verified using Ansys software. Results shows that the PCM Sodium Sulphate Decahydrate [H20Na2O14S] maintains lowest temperature in range of 1.5 – 8 degree for 350 minutes and extract maximum heat. Similarly, for server unit the temperature ranges to be maintained is 10 to 22 degree which is maintained for 1500 minute.

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39

Li, Qian-Yang, Shuai-Jie Yuan, Jin Yang, Yong Wang, Zu-Hai Ma, Yu Chen, and Xin-Xing Zhou. "Giant and controllable in-plane spin angular shifts in bulk and ultrathin magnetic materials." Acta Physica Sinica 72, no. 1 (2022): 014201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20221643.

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The magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) refers to the rotation of the polarization plane when a linearly polarized light is reflected at the surface of magnetic material. The MOKE reveals the magnetization of the optical properties of magnetic material and can be characterized by the dielectric tensor containing the magneto-optical constant. Thus, exploring the MOKE requires very precise determination of the magneto-optical constant. The photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE), which corresponds to the lateral and in-plane spin-dependent splitting of the beam, can be used as an effective method to characterize the magneto-optical constant due to its advantage of being extremely sensitive to changes in the physical parameters of the material. Most of the previous studies only considered the case of a single thickness of magnetic material and a single MOKE and need to introduce complex weak measurement techniques to observe the photonic spin Hall effect. In this work, we theoretically investigate the in-plane spin angular shifts in three MOKE cases in bulk and ultrathin magnetic materials. We can effectively tune the in-plane angular displacements of different magnetic material thickness by changing the magnetic field direction corresponding to different MOKEs and changing the magneto-optical constants (including amplitude and phase). The research results show that in the case of bulk and ultrathin magnetic materials, the internal spin angular displacements under different MOKEs will show different trends when the magneto-optical constants change the amplitude and phase, especially in ultra-thin magnetic material. In the lateral Kerr effect in thin material, the photon in-plane angular displacement does not affect the change of the magneto-optical constant, but in other cases, the amplitude relative to the phase has a much larger effect on the photon in-plane angular displacement. In this regard, we propose a new method which can directly determine the amplitude and phase of the magneto-optical constant by using the huge in-plane spin angular displacement without considering the weak measurements and can also judge different MOKEs according to the variation of the in-plane angular displacement in the bulk and ultrathin magnetic materials. This method not only provides a new probe for measuring magneto-optical constants but also expands the study of spin photonics.

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Pang, Xin Zhu, Jin Sheng Feng, Di Wang, Bo Li, Xiao Qiong Li, Yu Lin Deng, and Rong Ji Dai. "Preparation of Nano-TiO₂ Modified Temperature-Responsive Chromatographic Materials for Enrichment of Phosphopeptides." Materials Science Forum 932 (September 2018): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.932.109.

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Chromatographic stationary phases with specific capturing phosphoproteins is widely used in biological sample pretreatment. However, when captured protein is released, it is required to change the pH of the mobile phase or to use an eluent. Usually, the mobile phase or eluent are salt solutions with high concentration and extreme pH or toxic organic reagents. In this situation, these reagents will destroy the activity and structure of phosphorylated proteins. In addition, the mobile phase after switching the column takes longer time to restore the balance, reducing the experimental efficiency. In order to solve the these problems, we introduce temperature-reponsive materials into the chromatographic stationary phase to achieve the capture and release of phosphorylated proteins by changing the temperature only, in which we use water as the mobile phase. This approach overcomes the drawbacks of traditional methods, and makes the separation process safe and simple. Based on the surface initiated Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (SI-RAFT) method, silica@pNIPAAm-nanoTiO2, a kind of Metal Oxide Affinity Chromatography, was synthesized by the rapid introduction of functional groups. The synthesis of silica@pNIPAAm-nanoTiO2was confirmed by infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The grafting rate and the lowest critical temperature were measured by TG and DSC. The results showed that the material had qualified temperature-sensitive properties. The grafting conformation and mobile phase pH of the material were optimized before testing the properties and found that when the material grafting ratio was 10% -15%, the graft density was 30%, and the mobile phase pH was 6, it had the best separate effect. Finally, the material successfully achieved the capture and release of adenosine triphosphate and casein phosphopeptides.

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Khan, Md Imran H. "Conventional Refrigeration Systems Using Phase Change Material: A Review." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 24, no. 03 (September 2016): 1630007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201013251630007x.

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A phase change material (PCM) is a substance that can store or release significant amounts of heat energy by changing its phase from liquid to vapor or vice versa. It has already been proven that incorporation of PCM with refrigeration systems improves the energy efficiency as well as the quality of the frozen food. However, the attachment of PCM system with the refrigeration system is a challenging task. Different aspects such as PCM thickness, quantity of PCM, PCM phase change temperature selection for optimizing energy consumptions of refrigeration systems are the main concerns of today’s researches. However, there is no specific study to concern these aspects of PCM in refrigeration systems. Therefore, in this paper, a comprehensive literature review has been made. The effects of different process parameters such as the thickness of PCM, phase change temperature of PCM and position of PCM have been discussed. This paper also presents a review of the modeling approaches as well as experimental approaches for the application of PCM in a refrigeration system. Moreover, the present status of the refrigeration system with PCM has been presented. Finally, the limitations of incorporation of PCM in a refrigeration system have been also discussed.

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42

Miriam, Uličná, Fekete Roman, Likavčan Adam, and Peciar Marián. "Liquid Migration in the Paste as the Result of Consolidation." Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 71, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2021-0011.

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Abstract The processing of various powder materials is often done by an extrusion process; the powders being formed into a paste by the addition of a liquid substance. During extrusion, by reason of the extrusion pressure, some properties of the paste are changing, which affect its rheology and thus the extrusion itself. One of the phenomena is the movement of the liquid phase. This paper is focused on monitoring this phenomenon using model material in a simple test device. Its design simulates the effect of pressure in the extruder. The results of the measurements provide a picture of the movement of the liquid phase under the influence of the pressure in the porous skeleton formed by the powder material.

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43

Chang, Li, Gao Jingxiang, Zhang Dacheng, Chen Zhengwei, and Han Xing. "Influence of material parameters on 2D-martensitic transformation based on the phase-field finite-element method." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 6 (2019): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019036.

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Obtaining an accurate microscopic representation of the martensitic transformation process is key to realizing the best performance of materials and is of great significance in the field of material design. Due to the martensite phase transformation is rapidly, the current experimental is hard to capture all the information in the Martensite phase transformation process. Combining the phase-field method with the finite-element method, a model of martensitic transformation from a metastable state to a steady state is established. The law of a single martensite nucleus during martensitic transformation is accurately described. By changing the key materials that affect martensite transformation and the phase-field parameters, the effects of the parameters on the single martensitic nucleation process are obtained. This study provides an important theoretical basis for effectively revealing the essence of martensite transformation and can determine effective ways to influence martensite transformation, obtain the optimal parameters and improve the mechanical properties of such materials.

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44

Hilmas, Greg, and Jeremy Watts. "Tailoring the Properties of Ceramic-Based Composites Using Co-Extrusion Processing." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 1385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.1385.

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Co-extrusion processing is a powder-based forming method that uses the simultaneous ram extrusion of two or more materials to form multi-phase systems with functionally designed architectures. A functionally designed material has functional properties that are specifically tailored for an application by changing the macrostructure (100’s of microns) with little or no change in overall composition. Thus, co-extrusion can be used to improve the functional properties of composite materials, with or without a concurrent boost of its intrinsic properties. An example of a functionally designed material with a coaxially co-extruded architecture, known in the ceramic field as a “fibrous monolith”, has elongated cells of a major (70-90 vol.%) phase surrounded by cell boundaries of a minor (10-30 vol.%) phase. A variety of strong-phase/weaker-phase combinations have been demonstrated, including Si3N4/BN, SiC/graphite, SiC/BN. Several wear resistant-phase/ductilephase combinations have also been studied, including Diamond(Co)/WC(Co) for use in the petroleum drilling industry. The presentation will cover co-extrusion processing as a technology, applications that are being considered or are in production for most of the latter materials combinations, and a discussion of the functional properties that can be achieved using co-extrusion as a means to create functionally designed materials.

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45

Olson, Linus, Carina Lothian, Ulrika Ådén, Hugo Lagercrantz, Nicola J. Robertson, and Fredrik Setterwall. "Phase-Changing Glauber Salt Solution for Medical Applications in the 28–32 °C Interval." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 7106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237106.

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(1) Background: The field of medicine requires simple cooling materials. However, there is little knowledge documented about phase change materials (PCM) covering the range of 28 to 40 degrees Celsius, as needed for medical use. Induced mild hypothermia, started within 6 h after birth, is an emerging therapy for reducing death and severe disabilities in asphyxiated infants. Currently, this hypothermia is accomplished with equipment that needs a power source and a liquid supply. Neonatal cooling is more frequent in low-resource settings, where ~1 million deaths are caused by birth-asphyxia. (2) Methods: A simple and safe cooling method suitable for medical application is needed for the 28 to 37.5 °C window. (3) Results: Using empirical experiments in which the ingredients in Glauber salt were changed, we studied the effects of temperature on material in the indicated temperature range. The examination, in a controlled manner, of different mixtures of NaCl, Na2SO4 and water resulted in a better understanding of how the different mixtures act and how to compose salt solutions that can satisfy clinical cooling specifications. (4) Conclusions: Our Glauber salt solution is a clinically suited PCM in the temperature interval needed for the cooling of infants suffering from asphyxia.

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Zou, Weihua, Cong Li, Delin Sun, and Naike Zou. "A Simpler Fabrication for Thermal Energy Storage Wood." Forests 14, no. 6 (June 8, 2023): 1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14061190.

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Using thermal energy storage wood with phase change materials (PCM) as a building material can save thermal energy during heat-induced phase transition, and can reduce the energy consumption of indoor heating. In our work, three thermal energy storage poplars (TESPs: TESP-1, TESP-2 and TESP-3) were prepared by directly infiltrating three PCMs (fatty alcohol/acid materials: lauryl alcohol, decanoic acid and myristic acid myristyl ester), respectively, into the longitudinal-cutting plantation poplar woods and by directly encapsulating the PCMs in the poplar-based materials with SiO2 films. The phase-changing temperature ranges of TESP-1, TESP-2 and TESP-3 were at 19–30 °C, 26–39 °C and 33–54 °C, respectively. The phase-changing temperature peaks were at ~24 °C, ~31 °C and ~42 °C, respectively. After the same heat treatment on TESPs and original poplar (OP), the average temperature of TESPs was higher than that of OP after 35 min, thus proving that TESPs can save more thermal energy than OP. The radial bending strengths of TESP-1, TESP-2 and TESP-3 had increased by 50.85%, 70.16% and 70.31%, respectively, as compared to with that of OP. Additionally, the radial bending elastic modules of TESP-1, TESP-2 and TESP-3 had increased by 47.14%, 67.38% and 74.57%, respectively, as compared to OP. The tangential section hardness of the TESPs also had also increased by 67.09%, 71.80% and 80.77%, respectively. These improved mechanical properties of TESPs are almost close to that of ash wood (ash wood is a common building material), therefore, this proves that our TESPs can be used as thermal energy-saving building materials.

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47

Ma, Yan, Huajian Chen, Baimei Hao, Junhong Zhou, Gang He, Zhaohua Miao, Yan Xu, Li Gao, Wei Zhou, and Zhengbao Zha. "A chloroquine-loaded Prussian blue platform with controllable autophagy inhibition for enhanced photothermal therapy." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 6, no. 37 (2018): 5854–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tb01987h.

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A controllable CQ delivery platform consisting of hollow mesoporous Prussian blue nanoparticles and phase changing material was developed here to realize tumor specific autophagy inhibition for enhanced PTT.

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48

Zhang, Y., M. S. Sanchez, C. Douet, Y. Wang, A. P. Bateman, Z. Gong, M. Kuwata, et al. "Changing shapes and implied viscosities of suspended submicron particles." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 14 (July 16, 2015): 7819–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7819-2015.

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Abstract. The change in shape of atmospherically relevant organic particles is used to estimate the viscosity of the particle material without the need for removal from aerosol suspension. The dynamic shape factors χ of particles produced by α-pinene ozonolysis in a flow tube reactor, under conditions of particle coagulation, were measured while altering the relative humidity (RH) downstream of the flow tube. As relative humidity was increased, the results showed that χ could change from 1.27 to 1.02, corresponding to a transition from aspherical to nearly spherical shapes. The shape change could occur at elevated RH because the organic material had decreased viscosity and was therefore able to flow to form spherical shapes, as favored by the minimization of surface area. Numerical modeling was used to estimate the particle viscosity associated with this flow. Based on particle diameter and RH exposure time, the viscosity dropped from 10(8.7±2.0) to 10(7.0±2.0) Pa s (two sigma) for an increase in RH from < 5 to 58 % at 293 K. These results imply that the equilibration of the chemical composition of the particle phase with the gas phase can shift from hours at mid-range RH to days at low RH.

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Kumar, Atul, Prabhakar Bhandari, and K. S. Rawat. "Numerical Simulation of Solar Air Heater using Paraffin Wax-Aluminum Compound as Phase Changing Material." Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT) 3, no. 2 (September 14, 2021): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/att.v3i2.199.

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This paper presents a theoretical investigation of solar air heater using phase change material (PCM). PCM used in present configuration is homogenous mixture of paraffin wax with Aluminium powder. The purpose of using Aluminium powder with paraffin wax is to increase the thermal conductivity. PCM mixtures are encapsulated in cylinders and are used as solar absorbers. Using MATLAB program, the effect of different parameters is studied. It has been observed that with increase in mass flow rate, air outlet temperature decreases and freezing time of cylinder decreases. However, at constant mass flow rate, with increase in cylinder radius, air temperature decreases and while freezing time increase sharply. The different parameters have to be chosen such that performance of solar air heater can be optimized.

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Tariq, Rasikh, J. Xamán, A. Bassam, Luis J. Ricalde, and M. A. Escalante Soberanis. "Multidimensional assessment of a photovoltaic air collector integrated phase changing material considering Mexican climatic conditions." Energy 209 (October 2020): 118304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118304.

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