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Статті в журналах з теми "Pharmacologuie de sécurité"
PINEAU, T. "Développement actuel des techniques de pharmacologie et toxicologie à l’INRA." INRAE Productions Animales 11, no. 1 (February 2, 1998): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1998.11.1.3921.
Повний текст джерелаGuillon, J. M. "Place et rôle de la pharmacologie de sécurité dans le développement des médicaments." Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises 68, no. 5 (September 2010): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharma.2010.05.005.
Повний текст джерелаRafizadeh, Reza, Ricky D. Turgeon, Josh Batterink, Victoria Su, and Anthony Lau. "Characterization of Venous Thromboembolism Risk in Medical Inpatients Using Different Clinical Risk Assessment Models." Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 69, no. 6 (December 23, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v69i6.1608.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Pharmacologuie de sécurité"
Raphel, Fabien. "Mathematical modelling and learning of biomedical signals for safety pharmacology." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS116.
Повний текст джерелаAs a branch of pharmacology, cardiac safety pharmacology aims at investigating compound side effects on the cardiac system at therapeutic doses. These investigations, made through in silico, in vitro and in vivo experiments, allow to select/reject a compound at each step of the drug development process. A large subdomain of cardiac safety pharmacology is devoted to the study of the electrical activity of cardiac cells based on in silico and in vitro assays. This electrical activity is the consequence of polarised structure exchanges (mainly ions) between the extracellular and intracellular medium. A modification of the ionic exchanges induces changes in the electrical activity of the cardiac cell which can be pathological (e.g. by generating arrhythmia). Strong knowledges of these electrical signals are therefore essential to prevent risk of lethal events. Patch-clamp techniques are the most common methods to record the electrical activity of a cardiac cell. Although these electrical signals are well known, they are slow and tedious to perform, and therefore, expansive. A recent alternative is to consider microelectrode array (MEA) devices. Originally developped for neurons studies, its extension to cardiac cells allows a high throughput screening which was not possible with patch-clamp techniques. It consists of a plate with wells in which cardiac cells (forming a tissue) cover some electrodes. Therefore, the extension of these devices to cardiac cells allow to record the electrical activity of the cells at a tissue level (before and after compound addition into the wells). As a new signal, many studies have to be done to understand how ionic exchanges induce this recorded electrical activity, and, finally, to proceed the selection/rejection of a compound. Despite these signals are still not well known, recent studies have shown promising results in the consideration of MEA into cardiac safety pharmacology. The automation of the compound selection/rejection is still challenging and far from industrial applications, which is the final goal of this manuscript. Mathematically, the selection/rejection process can be seen as a binary classification problem. As in any supervised classification (and machine learning tasks, more generally), an input has to be defined. In our case, time series of the cardiac electrical activities are possibly long (minutes or hours) with a high sampling rate (∼ kHz) leading to an input living in a high-dimensional space (hundreds, thousands or even more). Moreover the number of available data is still low (at most hundreds). This critical regime named high dimension/low sample size make the context challenging. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a systematic strategy to select/reject compounds in an automated way, under the following constraints:• Deal with high dimension/low sample size regime. • No assumptions on the data distributions. • Exploit in silico models to improve the classification performances. • No or few parameters to tune. The first part of the manuscript is devoted to the context, followed by the description of the patch-clamp and MEA technologies. This part ends by the description of action potential and field potential models to perform in silico experiments. In a second part, two methodological aspects are developped, trying to comply, at best, with the constraints of the industrial application. The first one describes a double greedy goal-oriented strategy to reduce the input space based on a score function related to the classification success rate. Comparisons with classical dimension reduction methods such as PCA and PLS (with default parameters) are performed, showing that the proposed method led to better results. The second method consists in the construction of an augmented training set based on a reservoir of simulations, by considering the Hausdorff distance between sets and the maximisation of same score function as in the first method. The proposed strategy [...]
Ouille, Aude. "Evaluation des risques torsadogènes en pharmacologie de sécurité : du test hERG à la télémétrie sur animal éveillé, vers une évolution des recommandations ?" Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4016.
Повний текст джерелаAccording to the ICH S7B guidelines, the torsadogenic risk of new drug candidates must be evaluated before clinical trials. The aim of this work was to establish the electrophysiological profile of known torsadogenic drugs to better understand the mechanism triggering the Torsades de Pointe and defined key points for prediction of proarrhythmic risk. TdPScreen®, a predictive tool, based on clinical data and the model of isolated canine Purkinje fibres allows determination of a proarrhythmic score. Thirteen drugs were chosen in this data base, and tested in patch-clamp on HEK293 cells expressing different channels: hERG (IKR), KvLQT1+MinK (IKS), Kir2.1 (IK1), NaV1.5 (INa), or CaV1.2+? (ICaL). In vivo investigations were also performed, to bring to light the impact of the autonomic nervous system on QT interval prolongation in safety pharmacology
Legros, Marie-Hélène. "Contribution à l'administration sécurisée de formulations orales pédiatriques de médicaments cytotoxiques." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P168.
Повний текст джерелаDupont, Corinne. "Les événements indésirables graves néonatals et maternels : études d'observation et essai d'intervention dans six réseaux périnatals." Lyon 1, 2009. http://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6w37tbw.
Повний текст джерелаIn France, 73,3% of maternal deaths from post partum haemorrhage (PPH) were considered as «avoidable» by national experts committee in 2006. The first goal of this research was to observe adverse events (AEs) in obstetrics and to analyse latent and active conditions. The three observational studies highlighted that 22% of depressed skull fractures, 72% of birth asphyxia and 73% of maternal transfers to intensive care unit care might have been avoidedThe second aim was to improve PPH management, which is a leading cause of maternal mortality. Two studies were realized. The first has shown that regional guideline of PPH management was partly applied after passive dissemination in a regional perinatal network. The second study, PITHAGORE 6, a randomised trial conducted in six perinatal networks to assess impact of multi-faceted intervention program, reduced the rate of severe PPH. New methods have to be developed and might take into account human sciences to improve safety in perinatal care
Steidl, Esther. "Mise au point d’une plateforme de tests in vitro pour l’évaluation du potentiel proconvulsivant de façon précoce au cours du développement de médicaments." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0050.
Повний текст джерелаThe goal of the present work was to develop a platform of tests that could predict the proconvulsive potential of compounds in development as early as possible during preclinical phases. These tests were carried out in vitro from hippocampal slices recorded with multi-electrode arrays (MEAs). The MEA technology is particularly adapted because it allows to investigate compounds’ effect on a wide area of a native neural network, including all the complexity and organization of the different cell types. In addition, rapidity and low compound consumption of the MEA-based assays make them suitable for early stages of development.First, the evaluation of reference proconvulsive/seizurogenic compounds allowed to determine the parameters that should be monitored to detect proconvulsive properties. It appeared that reference compounds triggered one or several of the following effects: increase of the population spikes area and repetition of spikes, triggering of epileptiform discharges and/or increase of the CA1 neurons firing. The experimental conditions of the assays were then modified to increase their sensitivity and thus detect even weak proconvulsive compounds. This platform of 3 complementary assays was termed NS-PC set.15 compounds, including positive and negative controls, were provided by partner pharmaceutical companies to be tested under blind conditions on NS-PC set. A new faster and cheaper assay, termed NS-PC screen, was also designed based on the recording of 4-aminopyridine-induced epileptiform discharges in hippocampal slices
Authier, Simon. "Validation des modèles de pharmacologie de sécurité et évaluation de la valeur thérapeutique de l'oxytocine dans le traitement de l'infarctus du myocarde." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3247.
Повний текст джерелаIn february 2009, a report from PHRMA (Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America) confirmed that more than 300 drugs for treatment of cardiovascular diseases were in clinical trials or under review by regulatory agencies. Despite the abundance of new cardiovascular therapies, the number of new drugs approved each year (all indications combined) is declining steadily with only 17 and 24 new drugs approved in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Only 1 drug out of 5000 candidates will be approved after 10 to 15 years of development with an average cost of $800 millions. Several initiatives have been launched by regulatory agencies to increase the success rate in drug development but results are still awaited. This stagnation is attributed to the lack of efficacy of several drug candidates but safety assessments are the leading cause of drug development discontinuation. Primum non nocere, the maxim from Hippocrate, father of medicine, remains of major relevance in preclinical and clinical drug development. Over the past 20 years, approximately 3% of approved drugs were subsequently withdrawn from the market due to adverse effects. Cardiovascular adverse effects represent the most frequent cause of drug development discontinuation or withdrawal (27%) followed by effects on the nervous system. After defining the context of safety pharmacology evaluations and the use of biomarkers in drug development, we validated safety pharmacology models to investigate drug-induced cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological effects. As we progressed within constraints and challenges of drug development, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of oxytocin, an endogenous peptide with therapeutic potential. Oxytocin (OT), a hormone historically associated with reproduction, demonstrated the ability to induce in vitro differentiation of cell lines (P19) but also embryonic stem cells into beating cardiomyocytes. These observations lead us to consider the use of OT as a treatment for myocardial infarct. To achieve this ultimate goal, we first evaluated the pharmacokinetic of OT in an anesthetized rat model. These investigations highlighted the unique characteristics of OT including a very short half-life and a non-linear pharmacokinetic profile in response to the dose. Cardiovascular effects of OT in healthy animals were then evaluated in various species. In preclinical research, the use of various animal species and state of consciousness (conscious or anesthetized) is recognized as one of the best strategies to increase the predictive value of results obtained in animals to the human response. Our initial investigations of OT treatment regimens used various animal models including conscious and anesthetized rats, anesthetized pigs, conscious dogs with indirect blood pressure monitoring and diuresis and conscious monkeys with cardiovascular telemetry monitoring. These studies confirmed OT to have significant hemodynamic effects with variable responses depending on the state of consciousness (conscious or anesthetized), the dose, the administration protocol (bolus or infusion) and the species that were used. These screening studies enabled selection of a treatment regimen and dose without adverse effects that could subsequently be tested in efficacy studies. A porcine myocardial infarct (MI) model with reperfusion was used to evaluate the effects of OT following myocardial ischemia. In a pilot project, continuous infusion of OT initiated immediately at coronary reperfusion induced cardiovascular adverse effects in all treated animals including a reduction of left ventricular fraction shortening and worsening of dilated cardiomyopathy which is typical following MI. Considering these observations, the therapeutic strategy was revised to avoid OT treatment during the inflammatory phase which was considered maximal around day 3 post-ischemia. When initiated 8 days after MI, OT infusion induced adverse effects in animals with elevated endogenous levels of OT. In contrast, no significant effects (not statistically significant improvement) were observed in animals with low endogenous OT baseline. In placebo treated animals, a trend to observe a better recovery was noted in animals with high endogenous OT baseline. While the size of the ischemic zone was comparable to human patients with MI, the use of juvenile animals and the absence of coronary disease are important limitations of the porcine model. The potential of OT for treatment of MI remains but our results suggest that systemic administration of OT by continuous infusion as part of a replacement therapy should be investigated further in relation to endogenous levels. Further investigations on safety of the treatment with OT on animal MI models are warranted before the use of OT can be considered in the patient population after myocardial infarct. On the other hand, endogenous levels of OT may have a prognostic value and clinical trials to investigate this hypothesis may be of interest.
Harrak, Hind. "Évaluation de la sécurité des héparines de bas poids moléculaire en hémodialyse au Québec : une étude de cohorte rétrospective." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20271.
Повний текст джерелаS, Legaspi Margarita. "Comparative safety respiratory pharmacology : validation of a head-out plethysmograph – pneumotachometer testing device in male Sprague–Dawley rats, Beagle dogs and Cynomolgus monkeys." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4262.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study was to evaluate the performance qualifications of the FlexiWare® system in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats, Cynomolgus monkeys, as well as awake and anesthetized Beagle dogs following the administration of pharmacological substances with known effects on the respiratory system. The pharmacological substances included albuterol administered by inhalation; methacholine and remifentanil, both administered intravenously. A preparation of saline solution administered intravenously was used as control. Respiratory monitoring included: respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), minute ventilation (MV), in rats, dogs and monkeys. Additional time-, flow-, and ratio-derived variables were used in the rat model. Those variables included inspiratory (IT) and expiratory (ET) times, time to peak expiratory flow, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, mid-tidal expiratory flow (EF50), inspiratory:expiratory (I:E) and inspiratory to total breath (I:TB) ratios. The results of this study have proven that the FlexiWare® was a reliable method and should be considered in the core battery recommended in safety pharmacology studies (ICH 2000) to assess the broncho-dilative, -constrictive, and central depressant effects of drugs on the respiratory system of the common laboratory animal specie. The animals appeared to adapt well to the restraint unit. The variables evaluated, particularly RR, TV and MV, were adequate and allowed to characterize the response of the animals following the administration of the pharmacological substances. They are judiciously completed with flowderived variables. The addition of within-breath time parameters was not primordial to detect drug effects but offered complementary tools to interpret physiological changes. However the evaluation period should be limited to the first 2 hours post treatment. These studies represent a performance qualifications evaluation of the system and have originally demonstrated the precision (sensitivity and specificity) as well as repeatability for different variables and on different specie of interest.
Levac, Xavier. "Évaluation de l'innocuité et de l'efficacité d'un dérivé synthétique marqué de l'adrénomédulline dans l'imagerie moléculaire pulmonaire chez l'humain." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20257.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "Pharmacologuie de sécurité"
Organization, World Health, ed. Promoting safety of medicines for children. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2007.
Знайти повний текст джерела(Editor), Gerard M. Lee, and Brian Midcalf (Editor), eds. Isolators for Pharmaceutical Applications. 2nd ed. Stationery Office Books, 1994.
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