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Статті в журналах з теми "Pharmacognostic studies"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 18 травня 2024

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1

Danapur, Vijay. "Pharmacognostic Studies on Curcuma Longa." International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine 3, no. 2 (2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000163.

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The turmeric (Curcuma longa) plant, a perennial herb belonging to the ginger family, is cultivated extensively in south and southeast tropical Asia. The rhizome of this plant is also referred to as the “root” and is the most useful part of the plant for culinary and medicinal purposes. The most active component of turmeric is curcumin, which makes up 2 to 5% of the spice. The characteristic yellow color of turmeric is due to the curcuminoids. Curcumin is an orange–yellow crystalline powder practically insoluble in water. Turmeric is used as a dietary spice, coloring agent in foods and textiles, and a treatment for a wide variety of ailments. It is widely used in traditional Indian medicine to cure biliary disorders, anorexia, cough, diabetic wounds, hepatic disorders, rheumatism, and sinusitis. Turmeric paste in slaked lime is a popular home remedy for the treatment of inflammation and wounds. For centuries, curcumin has been consumed as a dietary spice at doses up to 100 mg/d. Extensive investigation over the last five decades has indicated that curcumin reduces blood cholesterol, prevents LDL oxidation, inhibits platelet aggregation, suppresses thrombosis and myocardial infarction (MI), suppresses symptoms associated with type II diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis (MS), and Alzheimer’s disease, inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, enhances wound healing, protects from liver injury, increases bile secretion, protects from cataract formation, and protects from pulmonary toxicity and fibrosis, is an anti-leishmaniasis and an antiatherosclerotic. Additionally, there is extensive literature that suggests that curcumin has potential in the prevention and treatment of a variety of other diseases.

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2

Langstang, Wympher, Melvorene Kharsahnoh, Teilinda Khongwir, and N. Venugopal. "Pharmacognostic studies of Flemingiavestita." Spectrum: Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54290/spect.2019.v6.1.0003.

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Abstract: Flemingia vestita(Family: Fabaceae), is a leguminous root crop commonly found in the northeastern region of India. The tubers are anthelmintic and eaten unpeeled by the natives against gastrointestinal worminfection. The present study deals with the pharmacognostic studies on the rhizome of crude drug F. vestita. Our preliminary phytochemical studies of the powdered rhizome revealed the presence of alkaloid,carbohydrate, protein, amino acids, phenol, tannic acid flavonoid,phytosterols, saponins,fat, oil, gum and mucilage. The physico-chemical, morphological, histological parameter may be proposed as parameters to establish the authencityof F. vestita. Key words: Flemingiavestita, pharmacognostic, phytochemicals, thin layer chromatography

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3

Bhaskar, V. H., and N. Balakrishnan. "Pharmacognostic studies onPergularia daemiaroots." Pharmaceutical Biology 48, no. 4 (March 12, 2010): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880200903160699.

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4

Bijauliya, Rohit Kumar, Pushpendra Kannojia, Pankaj Mishra, Prashant Kumar Singh, and Rahul Kannaujia. "Pharmacognostical and Physiochemical Study on the Leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 4 (July 15, 2021): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i4.4914.

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Aim: To rationalize the macroscopial, microscopical and physico-chemical studies on leaves of plant Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Methods: The pharmacognostic characters were determined in terms of macroscopy, microscopy and powder microscopy of plant Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves. The crude ethanolic extract of leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. was using physico-chemical parameters, and preliminary phytochemical investigation (TLC). Results: The microscopic study shows the general characteristic of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various phytochemical groups like alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenolic, tannins constituents. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the established pharmacognostic profile of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves will be helpful in developing pharmacopoeial standards for correct identification and quality control. The present observation will also be helpful in macroscopical and microscopical on leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Keywords: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Pharmacognostical Study, Macroscopial and Microscopical studies

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5

Cock, IanEdwin. "Species selection for pharmacognostic studies." Pharmacognosy Magazine 8, no. 31 (2012): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.99281.

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6

Langstang, Wympher, Melvorene Kharsahnoh, Teilinda Khongwir, and N. Venugopal. "Pharmacognostic studies of Flemingia vestita." Spectrum: Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54290/spect/2019.v6.1.0003.

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Анотація:

Flemingia vestita (Family: Fabaceae), is a leguminous root crop commonly found in the northeastern region of India. The tubers are anthelmintic and eaten unpeeled by the natives against gastrointestinal worm infection. The present study deals with the pharmacognostic studies on the rhizome of crude drug F. vestita. Our preliminary phytochemical studies of the powdered rhizome revealed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, protein, amino ac-ids, phenol, tannic acid flavonoid, phytosterols, saponins, fat, oil, gum and mucilage. The physico-chemical, morphological, histological parameter may be proposed as parameters to establish the authencity of F. vestita.

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7

Shankar, Rama, and P. K. Khare. "Pharmacognostic Studies on Hypodematium crenatum." International Journal of Pharmacognosy 29, no. 3 (January 1991): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209109082873.

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8

De, Subrata, B. G. Chaudhari, Y. R. Vachharajani, and G. C. Bhavsar. "Pharmacognostic Studies of Gymnosporia Montana." International Journal of Pharmacognosy 31, no. 3 (January 1993): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209309082947.

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9

Muhammad, Naveed. "Pharmacognostic studies of Viola betonicifolia." African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 6, no. 1 (January 8, 2012): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpp11.578.

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10

Sarin, Bharti, Nidhi Verma, Juan Pedro Martín, and Aparajita Mohanty. "An Overview of Important Ethnomedicinal Herbs ofPhyllanthusSpecies: Present Status and Future Prospects." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/839172.

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The genusPhyllanthusconsists of more than 1000 species, of which many are used as traditional medicines. The plant extracts have been used since ancient times, for treating hypertension, diabetes, hepatic, urinary, and sexual disorders, and other common ailments. Modern day scientific investigations have now confirmed pharmacognostic properties ofPhyllanthusherbs. The phytochemicals attributing these medicinal properties have been identified in many of thePhyllanthusherbs. The morphologically similar herbs ofPhyllanthusgrow together and admixture of species during collection for manufacture of herbal medicines is quite common. Hence, along with pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies, appropriate protocols for correct identification of species are also important. As the use of these herbs as green medicines is becoming more popular, it is imperative to assess its genetic diversity and phylogenetic relatedness for future conservation strategies. This review is an attempt to present an overview of the existing studies on pharmacognostics, phytochemistry, species identification, and genetic diversity ofPhyllanthusherbs and consequently (i) highlight areas where further research is needed and (ii) draw attention towards extending similar studies in underutilized but potentially important herbs such asP. maderaspatensis,P. kozhikodianus,P.rheedii,P. scabrifolius,andP. rotundifolius.

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11

Kamil, Mohammad, F. Ahmad, and M. T. Abdallah. "Phytochemical, Pharmacognostic and Pharmacological Studies on Zingiber Officinale." Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research 5, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2768-0487/041.

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Rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Roscoe. belonging to the family Zingiberaceae is used for bronchitis, as a carminative, for treating cough, cataracts and as a stimulant. The rhizome is cooked with salt and water and used as an expectorant. Extract of the juice of rhizome is used as eye-drops. In Yemen, it is mixed with other plants used for constipation, as a purgative, against colds, catarrh and acidity of the stomach. Root ginger is widely used for culinary purposes and as a spice. The rhizomes (imported from India) are used with cinnamon and cloves and made into a tea for treating colds and as a general tonic. The drink is also used as an aphrodisiac (Gazanfar, 1994). Ginger is useful in piles, rheumatism, headache, lumbago, pains, bleeding, chest congestion, cholera, cold, diarrhea, dropsy, nausea, stomachache, gastrointestinal disorders, vomiting, and diarrhea. The fresh juice of ginger acts as a strong diuretic. The juice of the leaves is effective against helminthiasis and marasmus and related conditions of diarrhea and dysentery (Monograph of Unani Medicine,2003).

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12

Ishtiaq, Saiqa, Mehvesh Bashir Meo, Muhammad Shaharyar Khan Afridi, Shehla Akbar, and Shahid Rasool. "Pharmacognostic studies of aerial parts of Colebrookea oppositifolia Sm." Annals of Phytomedicine : An International Journal 5, no. 2 (December 2016): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ap.2016.5.2.23.

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13

Prakash, D., S. P. Wahi, P. Sinha, K. C. Chunekar, and S. S. Misra. "Pharmacognostic Studies on Stem ofPolygonum glabrumWilld." International Journal of Crude Drug Research 24, no. 1 (January 1986): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880208609060886.

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14

Ali, Ijaz, Ghazala H. Rizwani, Huma Shareef, and Sohail Khan. "PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDIES OF DALBERGIA SISSO ROXB." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2016): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i12.12559.

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<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Present study was aimed to standardize the leaves, pods, and bark of <em>Dalbergia sisso </em>Roxb (Fabaceae) plant which is one of the most important species of Pakistan and used in different ailments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Powders of dried parts of this plant were used for macroscopic and microscopic, histological, fluorescence, micro chemical, proximate, infra-red spectroscopic examinations and extract were used for preliminary phytochemical examination. These entire tests were performed as per World Health Organization (WHO) standards.<strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In preliminary phytochemical analysis <em>D. sisso</em> carbohydrates, alkaloids, and tannins were detected in the pod while leaves contain carbohydrates alkaloids and flavonoids. The different cellular structure provides the basis of different parts identifications like stomata in leave (A), schlerides in pods (B) and tissues in bark (C) parts of the powdered plant. Proximate analysis showed the high level of moisture content and ash values of A, B and C samples. The fluorescence behavior of powdered material of A, B and C revealed the coloration of these samples under different wavelength. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) established the spectrum include aromatic and aldehyde based functional groups for the all three powdered samples of <em>D. sisso </em>Roxb.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research work was performed for the standardization of the plant <em>D. sisso </em>Roxb. as per WHO recommendations and we established the proper identification profile of the plant and its parts.</p>

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15

Rao, Madhushree MV, and Vijay Danapur. "Pharmacognostic studies on Zingiber officinale roscoe." International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 05–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/27067009.2021.v3.i1a.22.

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16

Danapur, Vijay, Madhushree MV Rao, and Haleshi C. "Pharmacognostic studies on Hordeum vulgare L." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26647222.2020.v2.i1a.12.

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17

Yousuf, Amjad W., and Aasiy U. Erum. "Pharmacognostic analysis of Tudri Surkh (Cheiranthus cheiri)." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20223625.

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Background: Tudri Surkh (Cheiranthus cheiri) is an important medicinal plant species used in Unani system of medicine. Despite having immense medicinal importance, little information is available on the standardization parameters of the species. For this reason, present work was carried out to establish pharmacognostical standards and generate comprehensive report on the quality control and standardization parameters of Tudri Surkh (Cheiranthus cheiri).Methods: Seeds of the plant were examined using microscopy and macroscopy, physicochemical parameters, extractive values, and fluorescence analysis.Results: The macroscopic, microscopy, and physicochemical parameters of seeds of Tudri Surkh (Cheiranthus cheiri) revealed various diagnostic characteristics in the species.Conclusions: This study provides complete pharmacognostic profile of Tudri Surkh (Cheiranthus cheiri) and hence will be useful for correct identification and authentication of the species for future studies.

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18

GARG, RAM, IMRAN MOHD, and VANDANA SHARMA. "Pharmacological and Pharmacognostical Studies of Cassia fistula Linn." Indian Journal of Health Care, Medical & Pharmacy Practice 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2023): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.59551/ijhmp/25832069/2023.4.2.80.

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This study aims to present an extensive and up-to-date review of pharmacological activities, Pharmacognostical studies and traditional medicinal uses of Cassia fistula. The golden shower tree Cassia fistula (Amaltas), which is 8–15 meters tall, is a member of the Leguminosae family. Reddish brown roots, compound leaves with three to eight leaflets each, cylindrical pods, and ovoid seeds are all characteristics of the Cassia fistula stem. Alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates are among the ingredients of Cassia fistulas bioactive. It has a greater impact on treating various illnesses and has antifungal, antibacterial, analgesic, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties, among others. A variety of activities have been reported to be present in it, including anthelmintic, antibacterial and wound healing activities. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to present a thorough analysis of the phytochemical constituents, pharmacological characteristics, and pharmacognostic qualities of Cassia fistula.

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19

Shanthi S. "Pharmacognostical studies on leaves of Mussaenda frondosa Linn." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): 2139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i3.4825.

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The Mussaenda frondosa Linn. belonging to the family Rubiaceae, commonly known as Sriparnah in Sanskrit, is a scandent shrub traditionally used in the treatment of cough, bronchitis, fever, inflammation, wounds, ulcers, jaundice, leucoderma and pruritus. Though it is an important plant, till date, no pharmacognostical reports have been available on its leaf. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to ascertain the requisite pharmacognostical standards for the standardization of the Mussaenda frondosa leaves. Various investigations like Pharmacognostical studies, preliminary phytochemical screening and High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) analysis were carried out, and the salient qualitative parameters were reported. Microscopical evaluation of the leaf revealed the presence of paracytic stomata, microcrystal’s, Idioblast, collenchymas, sand crystals and unicellular unbranched covering Trichomes. The presence of flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, mucilage, saponins and proteins were confirmed through Preliminary phytochemical studies. The HPTLC profile of ethanol extract from M. frondosa L. revealed ten phytoconstituents of Rf value ranging from 0.11 to 0.88. The significant peaks are observed at Rf values of 0.11, 0.16, 0.23 and 0.81. These findings provide referential information for correct identification and standardization of the Musssaenda frondosa leaves, even in powder form. This information will also be useful to distinguish Mussaenda frondosa from the closely related other species of Mussaenda. The Pharmacognostic and phytochemical profiles reported in this research work for Mussaenda frondosa may play a major role in setting monograph of the plant, which might be helpful in proper identification of the plant.

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20

Yadav, Baljeet. "Forensic and Pharmacognostic Studies of Jatropha Curcas." Journal of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology 2, no. 1 (2016): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jfct.2454.9363.2116.6.

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21

Tang, Gengqiu, Xiaojing Lin, Xiudi Lai, Xue Gong, and Shengguo Ji. "Pharmacognostic Studies of Psychotria rubra (Lour.) Poir." Pharmacognosy Journal 10, no. 2 (March 15, 2018): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2018.2.44.

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22

Prabhakar, G., K. Swetha, P. Kamalakar, and K. Shailaja. "Pharmacognostic studies on leaf of Capparis divaricata." Journal of Indian Botanical Society 97, no. 3and4 (2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2455-7218.2018.00005.0.

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23

Sinha, P., V. K. Arora, M. S. Ansari, and S. P. Wahi. "Pharmacognostic Studies on the Stem ofAlternanthera sessilisR.Br." International Journal of Crude Drug Research 24, no. 1 (January 1986): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880208609060880.

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24

De Urbina, A. V. Ortiz, M. L. Martin, R. Carrón, and L. San Román. "Pharmacognostic Studies on Calamintha Sylvatica Subsp. Ascendens." International Journal of Crude Drug Research 28, no. 1 (January 1990): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209009082775.

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25

Khatoon, Sayyada, Vartika Rai, Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat, and Shanta Mehrotra. "Comparative pharmacognostic studies of three Phyllanthus species." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 104, no. 1-2 (March 2006): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.048.

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26

Veeresh, Pramod Kumar, and V. Rama Mohan Gupta. "Pharmacognostic Studies on Roots ofTrianthema decandraLinn., Aizoaceae." Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 8, no. 2 (2016): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-4385.2016.00011.x.

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27

Danapur, Vijay, Madhushree MV Rao, and Haleshi C. "Pharmacognostic studies on Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26647591.2020.v2.i1a.16.

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28

Kamble, Manish A., Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Disha M. Dhabarde, and Ashwini R. Ingole. "Pharmacognostic and pharmacological studies of Bombax ceiba thorn extract." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.56499/jppres16.138_5.1.40.

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Context: Bombax ceiba is a large deciduous tree found in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Australia. Traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani have been highlighted the use of B. ceiba parts (bark, leaves, and flower) for the treatment of numerous ailments like algesia, hepatotoxicity, hypertension, HIV infections, fever, dysentery, inflammation, catarrhal affection, ulcer, acne, gynecological disorders, piles and urinary infections. However, no scientific pharmacognostic, phytochemical and pharmacological study has been reported for B. ceiba thorn. Aims: To study the pharmacognostic and pharmacological potentials of B. ceiba thorn extract. Methods: The physicochemical properties were determined using pharmacopoeial tests. The phytochemical screening was carried out using standard protocols. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was performed by human red blood cells stabilization method, in vitro anthelmintic activity by Pheretima posthuma method, in vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging method, and anti-microbial studies by agar streak dilution method against bacteria E. coli, B. subtilis, K. pneumonia, and fungi C. albicans and A. niger. Results: The hydroalcoholic thorn extract of Bombax ceiba (TEBC) showed significant anti-inflammatory (46.9% stabilization), anthelmintic (death at 59.22 min), in vitro anti-oxidant (41.62% inhibition), and anti-microbial activities (B. subtilis > E. coli > K. pneumonia; A. niger > C. albicans). Conclusions: The study revealed the physicochemical, photochemical and pharmacognostic features of thorn of the B. ceiba. The study also revealed the possession of different pharmacological potentials of extract.

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29

Kamran, Raja Muhammad, Hafiz Abdul Khaliq, and Muhammad Uzair. "Pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies on Plumeria obtusa L." Journal of Phytopharmacology 9, no. 2 (April 28, 2020): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2020.9208.

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30

Kanchana, S. Parijatham, and Agnel Arul John. "Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical studies of Indigofera tirunelvelica Sanjappa." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 13, no. 2 (2020): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2020.00174.2.

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31

Panchal, C. V., Jyotiram A Sawale, B. N. Poula, and K. R. Khandelwal. "Pharmacognostic studies of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) standley fruits." Pharmacognosy Journal 6, no. 1 (February 20, 2014): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2014.1.2.

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32

Gupta, R. C. "Pharmacognostic studies on ‘Dravanti’ part-IJatropha curcas Linn." Proceedings / Indian Academy of Sciences 94, no. 1 (March 1985): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03053108.

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33

Biswas, I., and A. Mukherjee. "Pharmacognostic studies on the leaf ofNyctanthes arbor-tristis." Acta Botanica Hungarica 53, no. 3-4 (September 2011): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/abot.53.2011.3-4.2.

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34

Alam, Fiaz, and Qazi Najum us Saqib. "Pharmacognostic standardization and preliminary phytochemical studies ofGaultheria trichophylla." Pharmaceutical Biology 53, no. 12 (May 5, 2015): 1711–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2014.1003355.

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35

Li, Rong, Xiaojing Lin, Genqiu Tang, Junni Li, Dong Wang, and Shengguo Ji. "Pharmacognostic studies of Morinda brevipes S. Y. Hu." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 48, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v48i3.47718.

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DNA barcoding of ITS and psbA-trnH regions, histochemistry as well as thin layer chromatography (TLC) of Morinda brevipes S.Y. Hu were analyzed. Transverse section of root revealed the presence of cortex, xylem, cork cell, stone cells, and calcium oxalate sandy crystal. The lower epidermis cells showed many stoma in paracytic or inequality type. Spiral vessel and tiny calcium oxalate needle crystal usually appeared in the powder. TLC showed the presence of emodin in M. brevipes. Phytochemical studies revealed the existence of carbohydrates, saponins, tannins, flavones, anthraquinones, alkaloids and volatile oils. The ITS and psbAtrnH sequences were found for the first time which were submitted to NCBI to obtain the GenBank registration number. This study might play an important role in the identification, and utilization of M. brevipes for various purposes.

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Ishtiaq, Ahmad, Ibrar Muhammad, Barkatullah, Muhammad Naveed, Muhammad Zahir, and Ali Niaz. "Pharmacognostic and hypoglycemic studies of Achyranthus aspera L." Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy 5, no. 7 (July 31, 2013): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jpp2013.0271.

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Mathew, Anju, and A. Malar Retna. "ANTILITHIATIC ACTIVITY AND PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDIES OF SCOPARIA DULCIS." Green Chemistry & Technology Letters 2, no. 1 (February 7, 2016): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/gctl.2016.211.

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Scoparia dulcis Linn has been widely reported to have pharmacological uses arising from its wide spread uses. The different extracts were prepared by successive extraction with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and water using soxhlet distillation method. Phytochemical analysis of plant extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycoside, tannins, starch etc.Thin layer chromatography and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis revealed the presence of different components in the plant extract. Among the 50 components obtained, 10 important organic compounds were analyzed. All these compounds are found to be having some medicinal application.UV visible spectroscopic analysis of extract of Scoparia dulcis reported four chromatogram figures which showed prominent peaks having maximum absorption of 666 nm corresponded to wavelength of methylene blue and brilliant blue. FTIR spectroscopic analysis reveals the presence of important functional groups like-OH,-NO2,-SO3,-SH, -COOH, NH2, R-X etc. Antibacterial activity of petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethanol and water extracts of stems and leaves of Scoparia dulcis reveals that chloroform and ethanol extracts shows maximum resistance against Staphylococcus while ethanol and aqueous extracts showed maximum resistance against Klebsiela pneumonia.The exciting fact came out of the study is that water extract of Scoparia dulcis showed great potential to dissolve the Calcium oxalate crystals ie, the plant extract shows invitro antilithiatic activity for kidney stones. Thus Scoparia dulcis act as a source of different valuable organic compounds that are having medicinal applications and have a beneficial effect on kidney stone problem.

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Sam, GH, MLK Mensah, and N. Nyakoa-Ofori. "Pharmacognostic Studies and Standardization of Cassia Sieberiana Roots." Pharmacognosy Journal 3, no. 21 (April 2011): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2011.21.2.

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Perera, P., R. Andersson, C. Andersson, L. Bohlin, N. Owen, and P. Cox. "Pharmacognostic Studies of the Samoan Medicinal PlantAlphitonia zizyphoides." Planta Medica 56, no. 06 (December 1990): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-961312.

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40

Dangar, D. K., and N. J. Patel. "Pharmacognostic studies on Neuracanthus sphaerostachyus Dalz. (Acanthaceae) leaves." Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine 11, no. 4 (October 2020): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2017.09.008.

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Rao, Madhushree MV, and Vijay Danapur. "Phytochemical and Pharmacognostic studies on Piper nigrum L." International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Clinical Research 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/2664763x.2021.v3.i1a.19.

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Danapur, Vijay, and AN Sringeswara. "Pharmacognostic studies on Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26647222.2019.v1.i1a.2.

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Ohemu, TL, A. Agunu, DG Dafam, and PN Olotu. "Pharmacognostic Studies of the Stem Bark of Enantia chlorantha Oliver (Annonaceae)." Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine 19 (August 31, 2015): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njnpm.v19i0.14.

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Enantia chlorantha Oliver (Annonaceae) is commonly known as African yellow wood used as hepatoprotective, antiviral, antimalarial, antibacterial and antiulcer agents. The study was aimed to investigate the pharmacognostic and physiochemical parameters of E. chlorantha stem bark. The macroscopy, microscopy and chemomicroscopy of E. chlorantha were carried out using standard methods. Cell wall materials, cell inclusions and other diagnostic characters, which can aid in the easy and proper identification of the plant, were identified. The microscopic studies revealed the presence of sclereids, fibres, medullary ray, and calcium oxalate prisms. The physiochemical evaluation of was done, in order to ascertain quality and purity. This study provides additional useful information needed for determination of its identity and quality that can be added as enrichment of the pharmacopoeia of the plant.Keywords: Pharmacognostic, Stem Bark, Enantia chlorantha

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ISA, Hassanatu, Katsayal Umar Adam mni Adam, Abdurahman Ezzeldin Mukhtar Abdurahman, Maje Idris Mohammed Mohammed, and Abdulhamid Zakir Abdulhamid. "Pharmacognostic studies and thin layer chromatography profile of the aerial parts of Vernonia cinerealess. (Asteraceae)." Journal of Current Biomedical Research 3, no. 6, November-December (December 31, 2023): 1336–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54117/jcbr.v3i6.3.

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Vernonia cinerea(VC) Less is synonymously known as Cyanthillium cinereum and Vernonia abbreviate belongs to Asteraceae family. Different parts of the plant are extensively used in traditional medicine for treatment of various disease conditions. However, there was no scientific evaluation of the plant’s pharmacognosy and thin layer chromatography (TLC), which necessitate these studies, to bring out characters that will facilitate its proper identification, standardization and, nature of secondary metabolites in aerial parts of the plant. To carry out detailed pharmacognostic studies and TLC evaluation on the aerial parts of Vernonia cinerea. Aerial plant parts of V. cinerea were studied for their organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical features and bitterness properties, their elemental and nutritional values were evaluated using standard procedures. In the TLC, reagents were used to evaluate presence of various bioactive constituents in the parts studied. Pharmacognostic studies of aerial parts of VC highlighted features that are diagnostic from microscopic characters and their dimensions, different ergastic substances in the chemomicrocopical study. The elemental analysis showed the presence of macro, micro and trace elements. Nutritionally, there are presence of macro molecules such as carbohydrates, protein and fats. All these will serve as criteria to differentiate it from other species in the same and other families. The TLC profile showed spots of different colour shades after spraying with general and specific reagents and, their Rf values determined. Detailed pharmacognostic studies on the aerial parts of VC showed characters which might be useful to provide information with regard to its identification, standardization and types of phytochemicals present.

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Pankaj Chaudhary. "Pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies on leaves of Tagetes erecta Linn." Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 8, no. 7 (September 1, 2023): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.8.7.5.

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Background: Tagetes erecta Linn. (Asteraceae) is a well-known plant for its antihypertensive, antioxidant, antidiabetic, aphrodisiac, and hepatoprotective properties. To investigate the pharmacognostic, physicochemical, and phytochemical determinations of this plant's leaves. Materials and Methods: The macroscopic characteristics of the leaves, such as size, colour, surface characteristics, texture, fracture characteristics, and odour, were studied pharmacognostically. The cellular characteristics of the drug were studied using a microscope on both the intact leaves and the powdered drug. According to WHO guidelines, extractive values, loss on drying (LOD), total ash, water-soluble and acid-insoluble ash, and moisture content of Tagetes erecta leaves powder were determined. For the various phytoconstituents, preliminary phytochemical screening and qualitative chemical examination studies have been conducted. Results: TLC analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of xylem vessels, vascular bundles, and phloem fibres. Conclusion: To authenticate, standardise, and avoid adulteration in the raw material, pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical screening of Tagetes erecta leaves will be beneficial. The diagnostic microscopic characteristics and physicochemical data will aid in the creation of a monograph. The chromatographic fingerprinting profile can be used to standardise Tagetes erecta leaf extracts and formulations.

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S, Gnana Prasuna, Manu Rajagopal, Pavan Kumar S, and Harinatha Chary B. "A Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical study of Kanchanara Gutika." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 11, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v11i4.1718.

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Kanchanara gutika is one of the preparations of the Ayurveda, which is used for the treatment of the Thyroid disorders. It is in use since many years with good clinical outcome. But the pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies of the drug has not been carried out yet. Hence to study them this study is planned. Aim: Authentication of the raw drugs of Kanchanara gutika and phytochemical evaluation of the finished product. Materials and methods: The present study deals with the Pharmacognostical identification of the ingredients of Kanchanara Gutika and its physicochemical analysis. Thin Layer chromatography study (TLC) was also developed.Results: Pharmacognostical results showed Pippali catkin with fruit, Maricha with the epicarp and the oil globules, Sunti with oleoresins and vascular bundles, Haritaki with fibres, Amlaki with epicarp and mesocarp, Vibhithaki with stone cells and Kanchanara with xylem and phloem vessels. Qualitative studies shows that Loss of drying 33%, PH 4.72%, Water soluble matter 12%, Alcohol soluble matter 19%, Total ash 3%, Acid insoluble ash 2.5%, Dissolution time 4%, Moisture content 8%. The TLC chromatograph showed five bands at Rf 0.21(Yellow), 0.28 (Grey), 0.47 (Brown), 0.56 (Violet), 0.93 (Orange).Conclusion: Pharmacognostical study revealed genuinity of raw drugs. Physicochemical and TLC studies inferred that the formulation meets the minimum quality standards. The inference from this study may be used as reference standard in the further quality control researches.

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Menković, Nebojša, and Vanja Tadić. "Comprehensive combined chemical and pharmacognostic approach in the investigation of Montenegrin flora, with emphasis on endemic species: Past performance and future potential." Lekovite sirovine, no. 41 (2021): 106–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/leksir2141106m.

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Herein, we have reviewed the comparative analysis relating pharmacognostic and chemical approaches in the investigation of the chosen plants from Montenegrin flora known for the constituents recognized as carriers of different biological activities. In addition, some of the mentioned extensively studied plants were with uncertain status in the systematics, as not being recognized as new species. The results of pharmacognostic studies with the thorough chemical analyses addressing the problem in positioning some of the investigated plants from Swertia, Gentiana and Gentianella genera belonging to family Gentianaceae in systematics, performed within the collaboration of two research groups from Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr. Josif Pančić" and Faculty of Chemistry, the University of Belgrade under the leadership of Dr. Nebojša Menković and Prof. Dr. Slobodan Milosavljević were summarized. In addition, the complete chemical structure elucidation of sesquiterpene lactones present in Anthemis sp. as potential anti-inflammatory agents, applying the sophisticated 2D NMR techniques was reviewed. Further, the parthenolide content determination in Tanacetum larvatum revealed the possibility of the successful application of 1 H NMR techniques in quantification studies. The findings presented in the published literature stressed the importance of a combined chemical and pharmacognostic approach in the investigation of natural products originating from plants.

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Dash, Gouri Kumar, Mohd Haziq Bin Hashim, Abdul Karim Russ Hassan, and Ravindran Muthukumarasamy. "Pharmacognostic Studies on the Leaves of Annona muricata Linn." Pharmacognosy Journal 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2021.13.34.

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J, Preetham, Kiran S, Sharath R, Sivakami Sundari, Sujan P. S. Ganapathy, and Sushma S. Murthy. "PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF GNETUM ULA BRONGN." International Research Journal of Pharmacy 6, no. 6 (June 15, 2015): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.06678.

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George, Mathew, Lincy Joseph, Neetu Deshwal, and Jeenu Joseph. "Pharmacognostic Studies and Phytochemical Screening of Pterospermum acerifolium Leaves." International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology 3, no. 3 (March 6, 2016): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcrbp.2016.303.010.

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