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Статті в журналах з теми "PGF2alfa"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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1

Uribe-Velásquez, Luis Fernando, Eunice Oba, Lida Constanza Lara-Herrera, Maria Inês Lenz Souza, Hooverman Villa-Velásquez, Luzia Aparecida Trinca, and Carlos Antônio de Carvalho Fernandes. "Respostas endócrinas e ovarianas associadas com o folículo dominante da primeira onda folicular em ovelhas sincronizadas com CIDR ou PGF2alfa." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 31, no. 2 suppl (April 2002): 944–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982002000400018.

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Анотація:

Os efeitos de prostaglandina (PGF2a) vs CIDR e eCG (gonadotrofina coriônica eqüina) na dinâmica folicular da primeira onda e sua relação com as concentrações plasmáticas de P4 e E2 foram investigadas em ovelhas cíclicas. Foram utilizadas 14 fêmeas ovinas da raça Bergamascia; o Grupo 1 (G1) foi submetido a duas aplicações de PGF2alfa e o Grupo 2 (G2), tratado com CIDR durante 14 dias, sendo que, no momento de sua retirada, administraram-se 500 UI de eCG. A dinâmica folicular ovariana foi monitorada por meio de ultra-som. Monitoraram-se todos os folículos > 2mm e mapeou-se sua posição diariamente, observando-se o desenvolvimento individual de cada folículo. Desde o dia anterior à aplicação da segunda dose de PGF2alfa (G1) e desde a administração de eCG (G2) até o décimo dia do ciclo estral, foram coletadas amostras de sangue para análise de P4 e E2. Houve diferença significativa nas concentrações plasmáticas de P4 e E2 entre os tratamentos. A sincronização de estro e ovulação, utilizando CIDR + 500 UI de eCG, incrementou a quantidade de folículos recrutados, além de aumentar o diâmetro máximo e a taxa de crescimento dos folículos grandes na primeira onda folicular.

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2

Soares, Jefferson Aparecido Guilén, Valquiria Hvppólito Barnabe, José Antonio Visintin, Edwiges Maristela Fituco, Renato Campanarut Barnabe, and Leda Terezinha Nascimento Verreschi. "Efeito de diferentes gonadotrofinas sobre o crescimento folicular e a ovulação na cobaia (Cavia porcellus)." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 33, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2318-3659.v33i2p110-114.

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Анотація:

Para estudar a resposta superovulatória em cobaias, frente a vários esquemas de tratamentos com diferentes gonadotrofinas, foram utilizadas 60 fêmeas, divididas em 10 grupos de 6 animais cada um. Em uma 1a fase, formada por 6 grupos, cada grupo recebeu um dos seguintes tratamentos: PMSG; FSH-p em dose única; FSH-p em 3 doses; FSH-h; HMG e solução de NaCI 0,9% (grupo controle), respectivamente. Numa 2ã fase, constituída por 4 grupos, cada um recebeu 22 Ul de FSH-h, 15 Ul de FSH-h; HMG e solução de NaCI 0,9% (grupo controie), respectivamente. Nos 3 grupos experimentais da 2a fase foi aplicada também PGF2alfa. Todos os grupos, com exceção dos 2 controles, receberam também HCG. Os 3 primeiros grupos da 1a fase tiveram ovulação bloqueada, sendo que a PMSG causou luteinização generalizada dos folículos e as demais gonadotrofinas induziram luteinização folicular precoce com aprisionamento dos óvulos. Na 2a fase, obteve-se um número médio de ovulações em um grupo e a superovulação de 2 animais. Concluiu-se que a PGF2alfa particpa dos mecanismos de ovulação na cobaia e que é possível obter aumento do crescimento folicular múltiplo com o emprego de FSH-h + HCG e HMG + HCG, associados ou não à PGFsalfa.

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3

Santos, R. M., and J. L. M. Vasconcelos. "Efeito do intervalo entre recrutamentos foliculares na superovulação de vacas da raça Holandesa não-lactantes." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 59, no. 4 (August 2007): 844–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352007000400004.

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Анотація:

Vacas da raça Holandesa não-lactantes, distribuídas em dois grupos, foram sincronizadas com o protocolo Ovsynch modificado. No dia sete (dia 0 = dia do segundo GnRH), o grupo 7 (G-7; n=19) recebeu CIDR usado previamente por cinco dias e 100mcg de GnRH, e o grupo 14 (G-14; n=21), CIDR e 25mg de PGF2alfa. No dia 14 foi aspirado o folículo dominante (FD), trocado o CIDR usado por um novo e foram aplicados 25mg de PGF2alfa. Iniciou-se o tratamento com FSH 36h depois, removeu-se o CIDR com o sétimo FSH e aplicou-se GnRH 36h depois. As inseminações foram feitas 12 e 24h depois. Recuperaram-se os embriões sete dias depois da inseminação artificial. O diâmetro do FD no G-7 foi 13,1±0,57mm no dia sete e 11,2±0,57mm no dia 14. O diâmetro FD persistente no G-14 aumentou de 12,6±0,55mm no dia sete para 16,4±0,55mm no dia 14 (P<0,001). O número de folículos >8mm, 48h após o início do tratamento com FSH, foi maior (P<0,05) no G-7 (15,6±0,05) que no G-14 (12,5±0,05). Não foi detectado efeito de tratamento sobre o número de corpos lúteos e de embriões. O menor intervalo entre recrutamentos foliculares aumentou o número de folículos recrutados, porém não alterou a quantidade e a qualidade dos embriões produzidos.

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4

Dyulger, Georgy Petrovich, Yuliya Gennadievna Sibileva, Maria Aleksandrovna Yakovleva Maria, Peter Georgievich Dyulger, Evgeniya Sergeevna Sedletskaya, Irina Vladimirovna Akchurina, Maria Evgenievna Obukhova, Vladislav Sergeevich Bychkov, and Evgeniya Sergeevna Latynina. "Incidence, risk factors, phathophisiology and modern aspects of therapy of feline pyometra." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i11pp54-60.

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Анотація:

The article provides an overview of the frequency of distribution of pyometra in cats. Risk factors, clinical manifestations and clinical forms of the disease are analyzed. Current methods of pyometra diagnostics and clinical and laboratory criteria for early detection of signs of sepsis (systemic inflammatory response) in cats with pyometra are considered. The methods of pyometra therapy are analyzed. It was emphasized that the most effective and safest method of treating any form of pyometra is a total ovariohisterectomy in combination with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Encouraging results in the treatment of an open uncomplicated form of pyometers in cats were obtained using, along with antibiotics, preparations based on PgF2alfa and aglepristone.

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5

Neves, E. F., A. F. Ramos, and A. P. Marques Júnior. "Pré-tratamento com somatotropina bovina (rbST) na superovulação de doadoras da raça Holandesa." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 57, no. 2 (April 2005): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352005000200011.

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Анотація:

Estudou-se o efeito da somatotropina bovina recombinante (rbST) sobre o número e qualidade dos embriões de 40 vacas da raça Holandesa, distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos: controle (GI, n=15), tratadas com 250mg de rbST (GII, n=11) e tratadas com 500mg de rbST (GIII, n=14) no sexto dia do ciclo estral. No décimo dia após o estro, as doadoras foram submetidas ao tratamento superovulatório com 360mg de hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH) em doses decrescentes, duas vezes ao dia, com intervalos de 12 horas. Juntamente com a sétima aplicação de FSH foram administrados 0,5mg de cloprostenol (análogo da PGF2alfa) e as doadoras inseminadas artificialmente 12, 20 e 28 horas após o início da manifestação de estro. Os embriões foram coletados, não cirurgicamente, no sétimo dia após a primeira inseminação. A administração de 250 ou 500mg de rbST aumentou (P<0,05) o percentual de embriões viáveis e não alterou a taxa de gestação das receptoras.

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6

Figueiredo, Margarida Maria Nascimento, Francisco Aloizio Fonseca, Ciro Alexandre Alves Torres, Antônio Marcos Galimberti, and Cláudia D'Ávila de Almeida. "Dinâmica folicular ovariana de vacas leiteiras no pós-parto após tratamentos com buserelina (GnRH) e cloprostenol (PGF2alfa)." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 29, no. 3 (June 2000): 725–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982000000300013.

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Анотація:

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os efeitos da administração de 10 mig de buserelina (GnRH), mediante a presença de um folículo ovariano com diâmetro ³ 10 mm, associada a uma dose de 500 mig de cloprostenol seis dias após, ou de duas doses de 500 mig de cloprostenol (PGF2alfa) no 12º 26º dia após o parto, sobre a dinâmica folicular e o restabelecimento da atividade ovariana cíclica em 15 vacas mestiças holandês-zebu, eqüitativamente e aleatoriamente distribuídas em três grupos de tratamento. Realizou-se a ultra-sonografia em dias alternados do 14º ao 26º dia pós-parto e em dias consecutivos até o final do segundo ciclo estral e coletaram-se amostras de sangue, duas vezes por semana, para determinação das concentrações de progesterona, pelo método de radioimunoensaio. Observou-se que, independente do tratamento hormonal, os segundos ciclos estrais pós-parto apresentam como padrão duas ondas de crescimento folicular, em que a emergência da primeira e da segunda onda ocorreu nos dias 0 e 10, respectivamente, e folículos dominantes da primeira onda podem persistir durante todo o intervalo inter-ovulatório, sem influenciar a dinâmica folicular. O tratamento com duas doses de PGF2a reduziu em 20 dias o período de serviço e tendeu a melhorar o índice de concepção ao primeiro serviço, o que sugere possível efeito deste hormônio no eixo hipotalâmico-hipofisário-ovariano de vacas pós-parto.

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7

Santos, R. M., J. L. M. Vasconcelos, A. H. Souza, M. Meneghetti, and N. Ferreira Jr. "Efeito da aplicação de prostaglandina (PGF2alfa ) no pós-parto imediato sobre a incidência de retenção de placenta em vacas de leite." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 54, no. 1 (February 2002): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352002000100005.

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Анотація:

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de prostaglandina na primeira hora pós-parto sobre a incidência de retenção de placenta 8 e 12 horas pós-parto. Foram utilizadas 82 vacas como controle e 82 vacas tratadas com 25mg de prostaglandina (LUTALYSE®, 5ml). Vacas tratadas com PGF2alfa liberaram a placenta mais rápido (P<0,10) do que as não tratadas (7,72±0,84 vs. 10,07±1,09h). A incidência de retenção de placenta com mais de oito horas foi 30,5% no grupo-controle e 17,1% no grupo-tratado (P<0,05) e com mais de 12 horas, 19,5% no grupo-controle e 12,2% no grupo-tratado (P<0,10). Verificou-se também que fazenda, índice de condição corporal e ordem de lactação tiveram influência na ocorrência de retenção de placenta, mas não se verificou efeito do sexo do bezerro nem da ajuda ao parto. Estes dados mostram que o tratamento com prostaglandina na primeira hora pós-parto pode ser usado como preventivo da retenção de placenta.

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8

Amorim, E. A. M., C. A. A. Torres, J. F. Fonseca, L. S. Amorim, V. V. Maffili, J. H. Bruschi, J. D. Guimarães, P. R. Cecon, and N. G. Alves. "Sincronização de estro com CIDR reutilizado em cabras lactantes da raça Toggenburg tratadas com somatotropina bovina recombinante (r-bST)." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 60, no. 1 (February 2008): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352008000100008.

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Анотація:

Avaliou-se a resposta de cabras tratadas com r-bST no protocolo de sincronização de estro. Foram utilizadas 26 cabras Toggenburg, divididas em dois tratamentos: T1 (n=13), tratadas com quatro injeções de 250mg de r-bST, a intervalos de 14 dias, e T2 (n=13), tratadas com solução salina (controle). Na semana seguinte à última injeção da r-bST, colocou-se o dispositivo intravaginal com progesterona (dia 0), previamente utilizado por cinco dias, e injetou-se PGF2alfa (22,5µg) nos animais dos dois tratamentos, e o dispositivo foi retirado no dia 6. Todas as fêmeas em estro foram submetidas à monta natural. A porcentagem de animais em estro e a taxa de gestação foram 76,9 e 70,0 e 84,6 e 72,7%, no T1 e T2, respectivamente. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) na duração do estro, no intervalo tratamento-início do estro, no número de ovulações, nos intervalos: início e final do estro à ovulação e retirada do dispositivo à ovulação entre os animais dos dois tratamentos. O diâmetro médio dos folículos ovulatórios das fêmeas não diferiu (P>0,05). Durante a permanência do dispositivo, as concentrações séricas de progesterona apresentaram valores semelhantes (P>0,05) entre as cabras de T1 e T2. A r-bST não afetou a sincronização de estro.

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9

Janczura, M., A. Gielicz, K. Kotula-Horowitz, T. Iwaniec, A. Stanisz, R. Rosa, J. Dropinski, and T. Domagala. "Plasma but not urine 8-ISO-PGF2ALFA is a predictor of insulin resistance in the middle-aged subjects – An occupational, cohort-based study." Atherosclerosis 275 (August 2018): e63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.173.

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10

Uribe-Velásquez, L. F., E. Oba, and M. I. L. Souza. "Efeitos da progesterona exógena sobre o desenvolvimento folicular em ovelhas." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 60, no. 1 (February 2008): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352008000100009.

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Анотація:

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da progesterona (P4) sobre o crescimento folicular e na endocrinologia reprodutiva em ovelhas Bergamácia. Quatorze ovelhas sincronizadas com prostaglandinas (PGF2alfa ) foram distribuídas em dois grupos (n=7/grupo): grupo-controle e grupo tratado com progesterona (CIDR) depois da ovulação (dia zero). Desde o dia anterior à aplicação de PG até o dia 10, realizaram-se monitoramentos ultra-sonográficos para estabelecer o crescimento folicular. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas para a determinação de P4 desde o dia anterior à aplicação de PG até o dia 10 depois da ovulação. Para o perfil dos pulsos de hormônio luteinizante (LH), as colheitas de sangue ocorreram em intervalos de 30 minutos por um período de oito horas, nos dias um e seis. As taxas de crescimento diferiram (P<0,001) entre os grupos, 0,91±0,15 e 0,70±0,16mm/dia para os grupos controle e tratado, respectivamente. Os dias do platô dos animais controle e tratados foram de 1,9±0,72 e 2,9±0,45 (P<0,05), respectivamente. As concentrações médias de progesterona (P<0,001) foram diferentes entre os tratamentos. A freqüência dos pulsos diferiu no primeiro dia do ciclo (P<0,01), com valores de 2,55±0,09 pulsos/8 horas no grupo-controle e de 1,49±0,11 pulsos/8 horas no grupo tratado. No sexto dia, o grupo-controle 2,20±0,09 pulsos/8 horas apresentou maior número de pulsos (P<0,05) que o grupo tratado, 1,22±0,11 pulsos/8 horas. Os efeitos inibitórios da progesterona exógena no diâmetro do folículo dominante foram mediados pela redução na freqüência dos pulsos de LH.

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11

Tanmaela, Paul B., Jouke H. Manopo, Mien Th R. Lapian, and Umar Paputungan. "RESPON OVARIUM SAPI PERANAKAN ONGOLE DAN SAPI LIMOUSIN TERHADAP INDUKSI FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE." ZOOTEC 39, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.39.2.2019.24770.

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OVARIAN RESPONSE OF ONGOLE CATTLE GRADE AND LIMOUSINE CATTLE BREED ON THE FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONEINDUCTION.Objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) utilization and follicle wave synchronization on ovarian response and transferred embryo.This study was using secondary data of embryo products at “Balai Embrio Ternak Cipelang-Bogor”. Data were taken using types of donor female, day and date conducting super ovulation, semen code, number of corpus luteum, numbers of embryo grades (A,B,C,D), numbers of transferred embryo and numbers of unfertile ovum. This study involved Limousine and Ongle grade cattle cows experiencing in super ovulation process, with body condition scores of 3.0 to 4.0, fed grass and nutritious concentrates. The FSH was used in super ovulation by the institution called Folltropin-Vand PGF2alfa (Lutalyse). Semen was originated from bull used by the embryo transfer institution. Results showed that number of left and right luteum corpus (LC) inducing FSH were not significantly different on both cattle breeds, but number of left LC of FSH induction was significantly higher at Limousine Breed. The quality of embryo successfully transferred using FSH induction was significantly higher compared with degenerative embryo and unfertile in both cattle Breeds. The quality of degenerative embryo and unfertile egg cell was not significantly different in both breeds. Proportions of embryo successfully transferred were 85.4 percents in Ongole Grade 87.4 percents in Limousine Breed. The values of Response rateshowing comparison of female donor number responding to the number of female done of super ovulation were 100 percents. Values of recovery ratein both Breed cows showed also 100 percents.Keywords: Follicle Stimulating Hormoneinduction, ovarian response, Limousine cattle Breed, Ongole cattle Grade.

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12

Kozawa, O., A. Suzuki, H. Tokuda, and T. Uematsu. "Prostaglandin F2alpha stimulates interleukin-6 synthesis via activation of PKC in osteoblast-like cells." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 272, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): E208—E211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1997.272.2.e208.

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Анотація:

In previous studies, we reported that prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) stimulates phosphoinositide hydrolysis by phospholipase C and phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis by phospholipase D in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, we examined the effect of PGF2alpha on synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) activation in the IL-6 synthesis in these cells. PGF2alpha significantly stimulated IL-6 synthesis in a dose-dependent manner in the range between 10 nM and 10 microM. A PKC-activating phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), induced IL-6 synthesis. On the contrary, 4alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, a PKC-nonactivating phorbol ester, had no effect. The synthesis of IL-6 stimulated by a combination of PGF2alpha and TPA was not additive. Staurosporine, an inhibitor for protein kinases that suppressed the TPA-induced IL-6 synthesis, significantly inhibited the PGF2alpha-induced IL-6 synthesis. Calphostin C, a highly specific PKC inhibitor, also suppressed the PGF2alpha-stimulated synthesis of IL-6. The effect of PGF2alpha on IL-6 synthesis in PKC-downregulated cells was much weaker than that in intact cells. These results strongly suggest that PGF2alpha induces IL-6 synthesis via PKC activation in osteoblast-like cells.

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13

Oguogho, Lupattelli, Palumbo, and Helmut Sinzinger. "Isoprostane normalisieren sich rasch nach Beendigung des Zigarettenrauchens bei gesunden Erwachsenen." Vasa 29, no. 2 (May 1, 2000): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526.29.2.103.

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Background: Isoprostanes and in particular 8-epi-PGF2alpha have been claimed as a useful measure for in-vivo oxidation injury. While smokers show elevated 8-epi-PGF2alpha, the behaviour during quitting smoking is unknown. Methods and results: We determined 8-epi-PGF2alpha in 7 healthy adults ready to quit smoking in plasma, serum and urine by means of an enzyme immunoassay after extraction and purification before quitting smoking and during a follow-up period of 4 weeks. After quitting smoking, 8-epi-PGF2alpha shows a rapid decline within a few days almost completely normalizing within 4 weeks. Conclusion: The cigarette-smoking associated in-vivo oxidation injury almost completely disappears within 4 weeks of quitting smoking.

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14

Fukunaga, M., T. Yura, R. Grygorczyk, and K. F. Badr. "Evidence for the distinct nature of F2-isoprostane receptors from those of thromboxane A2." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 272, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): F477—F483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1997.272.4.f477.

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Анотація:

In rat glomeruli and mesangial cells, the thromboxane A2 (TxA2) mimetic, U-46,619, but not 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2alpha), reduced glomerular inulin space and increased inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production, effects abolished by SQ-29,548. In competitive binding studies using 8-iso-[3H]PGF2alpha or [3H]SQ-29,548, mesangial cells displayed TxA2 binding sites but not ones for 8-iso-PGF2alpha. In contrast, rat aortic smooth muscle cells possessed specific binding sites for both TxA2 and 8-iso-PGF2alpha and displayed functional responses to both agonists, such as time- and dose-dependent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. In these cells, the mean dissociation constant value for the isoprostane receptor was 31.8 +/- 5.7 nM. When human TxA2 receptor cDNA was expressed in Xenopus oocytes injected with the Ca2+-specific photoprotein, aequorin, 8-iso-PGF2alpha gave much weaker responses than U-46,619. These studies provide the first radioligand binding characteristics of the F2-isoprostane receptor and demonstrate its specific and heterologous cellular localization. These studies support the distinct nature and biological significance of isoprostane receptors and provide a tool for their further molecular characterization.

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15

Rigel, D. F., and S. S. Shetty. "A novel model of conduit coronary constriction reveals local actions of endothelin-1 and prostaglandin F2alpha." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 272, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): H2054—H2064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.272.4.h2054.

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We evaluated the effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) selectively on conduit coronary artery diameter using a novel approach in which the local concentration of vasoactive agent was controlled and maintained in vivo. ET-1 and PGF2alpha were applied topically (100 microl every 3 min) to the external surface of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) in anesthetized dogs or to the bathing medium of isolated canine LCx rings in parallel in vitro experiments. The dose-dependent constrictions obtained in vivo and in vitro were similar with each agent. Single, approximately maximally effective concentrations of PGF2alpha evoked an initial rapid contraction followed by a slow and sustained larger contraction in both preparations. In contrast, single concentrations of ET-1 elicited a rapid constriction that partially recovered (50-80%) in the ensuing 1.5-2 h despite continuous exposure to ET-1. After the ET-1 constriction reversed, PGF2alpha could still elicit a contraction, indicating a homologous endothelin receptor desensitization. Both agents maximally decreased conduit artery cross-sectional area in vivo by approximately 40% without significantly changing LCx resistance. Thus this in situ technique revealed effects of ET-1 and PGF2alpha on a localized segment of coronary artery that were not discernible with either intravenous or intracoronary administration.

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16

Abran, D., D. R. Varma, and S. Chemtob. "Regulation of prostanoid vasomotor effects and receptors in choroidal vessels of newborn pigs." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 272, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): R995—R1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.3.r995.

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This study was conducted to determine if high perinatal prostaglandin (PG) and thromboxane (TxA2) levels modified their choroidal vasomotor effects and receptor levels. Both nonperfused (eyecup preparations) and perfused choroidal vessels from saline- or ibuprofen-treated 1-day-old pigs and tissues from adult pigs were used; all prostanoids produced similar vasomotor effects on both preparations. Choroidal PGF2alpha, TxA2, PGI2, and PGD2 levels were higher in the newborn than in adult pigs; injections of ibuprofen (40 mg/kg every 4 h for 48 h) into newborn pigs significantly decreased choroidal levels of all these prostanoids. PGF2alpha and the TxA2 mimetic U-46619 caused less choroidal vasoconstriction and production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) in the newborn than in adult pigs. Ibuprofen treatment increased choroidal PGF2alpha vasoconstrictor effects, IP3 production, and receptors, but did not modify response to U-46619. Carbaprostacyclin (PGI2 analog) caused a greater choroidal vasodilatation and adenosine adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production in the newborn than in adult pigs; these effects were not modified by ibuprofen. PGD2 did not increase cAMP but caused greater dilatation and nitrite [oxidation product of nitric oxide (NO)] production in the choroid of newborn than of adult pigs, which were decreased to adult levels by ibuprofen and the NO synthase inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine. These data suggest that high perinatal PG levels downregulate PGF2alpha receptors and vascular effects but do not modify choroidal responses to TxA2 and PGI2; NO seems to contribute to the vasodilator effects of PGD2.

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17

Fehrenbach, A., JK Hodges, and A. Einspanier. "Direct effects of the prostaglandins E2 and f2alpha on progesterone release by the corpus luteum of the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) studied by in vitro microdialysis." Journal of Endocrinology 161, no. 3 (June 1, 1999): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1610433.

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The effects of the prostaglandins (PG) E2 and F2alpha on progesterone secretion in luteal tissue (32 corpora lutea) explanted from the mid-luteal ovary of the marmoset monkey (n=13) were investigated using an in vitro microdialysis system. Consecutive applications of 1, 10 and 100 microg/ml PGE2 resulted in a significant increase in secretion of progesterone at the maximum dose of 100 microg/ml, which was shown to be the stimulatory dose in both long-period and 20-min pulse (time to collect one fraction) applications. The response varied individually between 1.4- and 3. 4-fold above the baseline concentrations. Application of 500 microg/ml PGF2alpha led to similar hormone responses. In contrast, lower doses of PGF2alpha (0.5, 5 and 50 microg/ml) resulted in significantly increased levels of secretion of progesterone, to approximately 1.4-fold baseline values, only after the application was terminated (echo effect). Responses were less variable when a short pulse of 20 min duration was applied, instead of long applications of 1-2 h. On the basis of the passage rates measured for tritiated PGF2alpha, transfer through the dialysis membrane was assumed to be in the range of 1% for both PGs. Ultrastructurally, luteal cells lying in a sheath of five to seven cell layers around the dialysis tubing appeared intact and were interconnected by gap junctions. Vesiculation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum was more prominent after PG treatment, indicating a stimulation of cellular synthesis/secretory activities that was in accordance with the stimulatory action of both PGs on progesterone release under these in vitro conditions.

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18

Guzik, P., A. Wykrȩtowicz, M. Dziarmaga, M. Woloszyn, K. Rzetecka, and H. Wysocki. "Coronary angioplasty increases the release of iso-PGF2alpha." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 33, no. 6 (June 2001): A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2828(01)90167-1.

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19

Neulen, J., W. Bernarts, M. Kamel, U. Flecken, and M. Breckwoldt. "ProstaglandinProduktion (PGF2alpha, PGE2) in menschlichen Granulosazellen in vitro." Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 254, no. 1-4 (December 1993): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02265928.

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20

Hashimoto, N., T. Watanabe, Y. Ikeda, H. Yamada, S. Taniguchi, H. Mitsui, and K. Kurokawa. "Prostaglandins induce proliferation of rat hepatocytes through a prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 272, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): G597—G604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1997.272.3.g597.

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We characterized the proliferative action of prostaglandins (PGs) in relation to their membrane receptors on rat hepatocytes in primary culture. PGs in the order 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 > PGE2 > PGF2alpha >> PGD2 augmented epidermal growth factor (EGF)/insulin-induced DNA synthesis, assessed by [(3)H]thymidine incorporation, in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas PGs alone did not stimulate basal DNA synthesis without EGF and insulin. The cells exhibited [(3)H]PGE2 binding sites that were displaced by unlabeled PGs in the order PGE1 = PGE2 > PGF2alpha > PGD2. PGE2 inhibited glucagon-stimulated adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation concentration dependently. The mean effective concentration for DNA synthesis, median inhibitory concentration for cAMP accumulation, and dissociation constant for [(3)H]PGE2 binding at 25 degrees C were almost identical (approximately 70 nM). Treatment of the cells with pertussis toxin (100 ng/ml), which ADP-ribosylated most of the 41-kDa substrate, abolished the proliferative effects of PGs. We detected the expression of mRNA of the EP3 subtype PGE2 receptor using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, an EP3 agonist, enprostil, but not the EP1 agonist 17-phenyl-trinor-PGE2 or the EP2/EP4 agonist 11-deoxy-PGE1, stimulated EGF/insulin-induced DNA synthesis. These results indicate that PGs act as comitogenic growth factors through the EP3 subtype PGE2 receptor coupled with G(i) protein in cultured rat hepatocytes.

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21

Muller, K. "Expression of PGF2alpha receptor mRNA in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic skin." Carcinogenesis 21, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 1063–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/21.5.1063.

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22

Ziecik, Adam J., Klaudia Drzewiecka, Katarzyna Gromadzka-Hliwa, Jan Klos, Patrycja Witek, Katarzyna Knapczyk-Stwora, Zdzislaw Gajewski, and Monika M. Kaczmarek. "Altrenogest affects the development and endocrine milieu of ovarian follicles in prepubertal and mature gilts†." Biology of Reproduction 103, no. 5 (August 3, 2020): 1069–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioaa136.

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Abstract Altrenogest with gonadotropins is commonly used to synchronize the estrous cycle, but it can also lead to follicular cyst formation, especially in prepubertal gilts. Here, we aimed to investigate how maturity and altrenogest treatment affect the development, endocrine milieu, and molecular control of ovarian follicles. Crossbred prepubertal and mature gilts were challenged or not (control) with altrenogest, and ovaries were collected in the morning on the first day of behavioral estrus. In prepubertal gilts, altrenogest decreased the percentage of primordial and atretic small follicles, but increased large antral follicles when compared with controls. In mature gilts, altrenogest reduced the percentage of primary follicles and elevated the total number of antral follicles. Maturity affected the estradiol level in the follicular fluid of preovulatory follicles, luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation, and LH receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in granulosa. Moreover, cytochrome P45017A1 (CYP17A1) mRNA levels in the theca layer were affected and correlated with follicular androstendione and estradiol concentration. Altrenogest negatively affected follicular fluid progesterone concentration and decreased levels of prostaglandin (PG) E2 in prepubertal gilts and PGF2alpha metabolite in mature gilts. LH-stimulated cAMP release in granulosa cells of mature gilts as well as human chorionic gonadotropin- and forskolin-induced cAMP were also affected. In addition, altrenogest downregulated CYP17A1 mRNA in the prepubertal theca layer and PGF2alpha synthase expression in the granulosa and theca layer of mature gilts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report multiple effects of maturity and altrenogest on the endocrine milieu and molecular regulations governing ovarian follicle development in gilts.

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23

Staunton, Michael, Cathy Drexler, Phillip G. Schmid, Heather S. Havlik, Antal G. Hudetz, and Neil E. Farber. "Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Mediates Halothane-induced Cerebral Microvascular Dilation." Anesthesiology 92, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200001000-00023.

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Background The causes of volatile anesthetic-induced cerebral vasodilation include direct effects on smooth muscle and indirect effects via changes in metabolic rate and release of mediators from vascular endothelium and brain parenchyma. The role of nitric oxide and the relative importance of neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (nNOS and eNOS, respectively) are unclear. Methods Rat brain slices were superfused with oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Hippocampal arteriolar diameters were measured using computerized videomicrometry. Vessels were preconstricted with prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha; halothane group) or pretreated with 7-nitroindazole sodium (7-NINA, specific nNOS inhibitor, 7-NINA + halothane group) or N-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME; nonselective NOS inhibitor, L-NAME + halothane group) and subsequently given PGF2alpha to achieve the same total preconstriction as in the halothane group. Increasing concentrations of halothane were administered and vasodilation was calculated as a percentage of preconstriction. Results Halothane caused significant, dose-dependent dilation of hippocampal microvessels (halothane group). Inhibition of nNOS by 7-NINA or nNOS + eNOS by L-NAME similarly attenuated halothane-induced dilation at 0.6, 1.6, and 2.6% halothane. The dilation (mean +/- SEM) at 1.6% halothane was 104 +/- 10%, 65 +/- 6%, and 51 +/- 9% in the halothane, 7-NINA + halothane and L-NAME + halothane groups, respectively. The specificity of 7-NINA was confirmed by showing that acetylcholine-induced dilation was not inhibited by 7-NINA but was converted to constriction by L-NAME. Conclusions At clinically relevant concentrations, halothane potently dilates intracerebral arterioles. This dilation is mediated, in part, by neuronally derived nitric oxide. Endothelial NOS does not play a major role in halothane-induced dilation of hippocampal microvessels.

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24

Catalano, Rob D., Martin D. Wilson, Aron Abera, Alison Wallace, Kurt Sales, and Henry Jabbour. "Identification of Genes Regulated by PGF2alpha-FP Receptor Activation in Endometrial Cancer." Biology of Reproduction 78, Suppl_1 (May 1, 2008): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolreprod/78.s1.166a.

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25

Weber, J. A., R. C. Causey, and E. E. Emmans. "Induction of luteolysis in mares by ultrasound-guided intraluteal treatment with PGF2alpha." Theriogenology 55, no. 9 (June 2001): 1769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-691x(01)00519-2.

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26

Okazawa, A., I. Kawikova, Z. H. Cui, B. E. Skoogh, and J. Lötvall. "8-Epi-PGF2alpha induces airflow obstruction and airway plasma exudation in vivo." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 155, no. 2 (February 1997): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.155.2.9032175.

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27

Tanaka, M., T. Miyazaki, S. Tanigaki, K. Kasai, K. Minegishi, K. Miyakoshi, H. Ishimoto, and Y. Yoshimura. "Participation of reactive oxygen species in PGF2alpha-induced apoptosis in rat luteal cells." Reproduction 120, no. 2 (November 1, 2000): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.1200239.

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28

Veitch, C. "Role of PGF2alpha and oxytocin in parturition in the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)." Reproduction 123, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/reprod/123.3.429.

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29

Iannone, Anna, Anna Petroni, Elisabetta Murru, Lina Cordeddu, Gianfranca Carta, Maria Paola Melis, Stefania Bergamini, et al. "Impairment of 8-iso-PGF2ALPHA isoprostane metabolism by dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)." Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 80, no. 5-6 (May 2009): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2009.02.008.

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30

Janowski, T., S. Zdunczyk, and ES Mwaanga. "Combined GnRH and PGF2alpha Application in Cows with Endometritis Puerperalis Treated with Antibiotics." Reproduction in Domestic Animals 36, no. 5 (October 2001): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0531.2001.00290.x.

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31

Motta, A. "Regulation of lipid peroxidation by nitric oxide and PGF2alpha during luteal regression in rats." Reproduction 121, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/reprod/121.4.631.

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32

Veronesi, M. C., A. Carluccio, H. Kindahl, M. Faustini, M. Battocchio, and F. Cairoli. "Oxytocin-induced PGF2alpha Release in Mares With and Without Post-breeding Delayed Uterine Clearance." Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 53, no. 5 (June 2006): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.2006.00820.x.

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33

Liley, N. R., and E. S. P. Tan. "The induction of spawning behaviour in Puntius gonionotus (Bleeker) by treatment with prostaglandin PGF2alpha." Journal of Fish Biology 26, no. 5 (May 1985): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1985.tb04289.x.

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34

Tesone, Marta, Fatima Hernandez, Marina C. Peluffo, Richard L. Stouffer, and Griselda Irusta. "Role of the Dll4-Notch System in PGF2alpha-Induced Luteolysis in the Pregnant Rat." Biology of Reproduction 83, Suppl_1 (November 1, 2010): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolreprod/83.s1.218.

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35

Hernandez, Fatima, Marina C. Peluffo, Richard L. Stouffer, Griselda Irusta, and Marta Tesone. "Role of the DLL4-NOTCH System in PGF2alpha-Induced Luteolysis in the Pregnant Rat1." Biology of Reproduction 84, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 859–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.110.088708.

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36

De Rensis, F., and A. R. Peters. "The control of follicular dynamics by PGF2alpha, gnrh, hCG and oestrus synchronization in cattle." Reproduction in Domestic Animals 34, no. 2 (May 1999): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0531.1999.00175.x.

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37

Peluffo, Marina C., Silvia F. Hernandez, Griselda Irusta, Richard L. Stouffer, and Marta Tesone. "Local Effects of the Sphingosine 1-phosphate on PGF2alpha-induced Luteolysis in the Pregnant Rat." Biology of Reproduction 78, Suppl_1 (May 1, 2008): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolreprod/78.s1.205a.

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38

C. T. Smith, D. J. Betteridge, J. N, C. "The generation of the F2-isoprostane 8-epi-PGF2alpha by human platelets on collagen stimulation." Platelets 10, no. 4 (January 1999): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537109976112.

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39

Fernandes, P., A. B. Teixeira, A. J. Crocci, and C. M. Barros. "Timed artificial insemination in beef cattle using Gn RH agonist, PGF2alpha and estradiol benzoate (EB)." Theriogenology 55, no. 7 (April 2001): 1521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-691x(01)00499-x.

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40

McCracken, John A., JeHoon Lee, Benjamin Yang, Thamizh K. Nithy, Sakhila K. Banu, Fuller W. Bazer, and Joe A. Arosh. "Inhibition of the Prostaglandin Transporter Protein Suppresses Luteolytic Pulses of PGF2alpha from the Ovine Uterus." Biology of Reproduction 85, Suppl_1 (July 1, 2011): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolreprod/85.s1.374.

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41

Robinson, RS, GE Mann, GE Lamming, and DC Wathes. "The effect of pregnancy on the expression of uterine oxytocin, oestrogen and progesterone receptors during early pregnancy in the cow." Journal of Endocrinology 160, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1600021.

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The expression of oxytocin receptor (OTR) in the uterine endometrium plays an important role in the initiation of luteolysis. During early pregnancy, the conceptus secretes interferon tau (IFN|gt) which inhibits OTR up-regulation and luteolysis. In this study, uterine horn cross sections were collected on day 16 from 15 pregnant cows (PREG), 9 uninseminated controls and 5 inseminated cows with no embryo present. The latter two groups had similar results and were combined to form a single non-pregnant (NP) group. The animals were given an oxytocin challenge shortly before tissue collection to assess prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) release through the measurement of the metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2alpha (PGFM). The mRNAs for OTR, oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were localised by in situ hybridisation. The results were quantified by optical density (OD) measurements from autoradiographs using image analysis. OTR protein was measured by autoradiography with iodinated oxytocin antagonist and ER and PR protein was detected by immunocytochemistry. The release of PGFM after the oxytocin challenge was significantly higher in the 14 NP cows (187%+/-15%) compared with the PREG group (131%+/-11%) (P<0.01). Low concentrations of OTR mRNA were localised to the luminal epithelium (LE) in 6 out of the 14 NP cows, of which 2 also expressed OTR protein, while OTR mRNA and protein were undetectable in all the pregnant animals. These results indicated that the sampling time coincided with the onset of the luteolytic mechanism in the NP cows. On day 16 ER mRNA was detectable in both the LE and glands of both PREG and NP animals. There were no differences in either ER mRNA or protein between NP and PREG samples. PR mRNA was moderately expressed in the caruncular stroma, with lower levels in the dense caruncular-like stroma and glands. There were no differences between PREG and NP animals. The expression of PR mRNA and protein in the deep glands was variable between animals. These results suggested that, in cows, the presence of an embryo suppressed the expression of OTR, but had no effect on the expression of the transcriptionally regulated ER on day 16.

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42

Oriji, G. K. "Angiotensin II stimulates hypertrophic growth of cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes: roles of PCK and PGF2alpha." Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) 62, no. 4 (April 2000): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/plef.2000.0148.

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43

Veronesi, M. C., M. Faustini, M. Villani, H. Kindahl, G. Galeati, and M. Battocchio. "Plasma Concentrations of 15-Ketodihydro-PGF2alpha, Cortisol and Progesterone during Manual Twin Reduction in Thoroughbred Mares." Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 52, no. 8 (October 2005): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.2005.00748.x.

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44

Dahlen, C. R., G. C. Lamb, C. M. Zehnder, L. R. Miller, and A. DiCostanzo. "Fixed-time insemination in peripuberal, lightweight replacement beef heifers after estrus synchronization with PGF2alpha and GnRH." Theriogenology 59, no. 8 (April 2003): 1827–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-691x(02)01255-4.

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45

Kirschvink, N., T. Art, P. Lekeux, C. Roberts, and P. Gustin. "Effects of 8-epi-PGF2alpha on isolated bronchial smooth muscle of healthy and heaves-affected horses." Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 24, no. 3 (June 7, 2001): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2885.2001.00330.x.

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46

Boiti, Cristiano, Margherita Maranesi, Cecilia Dall'Aglio, Luisa Pascucci, Gabriele Brecchia, Anna Gobbetti, and Massimo Zerani. "Vasoactive Peptides in the Luteolytic Process Activated by PGF2alpha in Pseudopregnant Rabbits at Different Luteal Stages1." Biology of Reproduction 77, no. 1 (July 1, 2007): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.106.055889.

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47

Candia, O. A., and T. Yorio. "Bicarbonate and CO2 transport across the skin of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens: effect of PGF2alpha." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 272, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): R640—R647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.2.r640.

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The amphibian skin represents an important organ for osmoregulation and, like the mammalian kidney, maintains acid-base balance by secreting protons or base. However, the lack of a reliable and accurate method to measure the contribution of unidirectional fluxes of HCO3- ions to this mechanism has been an obstacle for the determination of the role of bicarbonate in epithelial acid-base homeostasis. Recently, one of us developed a method that allows for the reliable determination of transepithelial fluxes of bicarbonate, and this method was applied to determine unidirectional fluxes of (14)CO2 and H(14)CO3 under a variety of conditions. We report that the combined CO2 and HCO3- mucosal-to-serosal flux under 5% CO2 was 40% larger than the opposing flux, giving a net flux in the mucosal-to-serosal direction. This net flux was inhibited by acetazolamide. In CO2-free conditions, there was no detectable net flux; however, acetazolamide and PGF(2alpha) attenuated the mucosal-to-serosal flux and established an apparent secretion of HCO3-. A model is presented that depicts twelve vectors or components to the CO2 plus HCO3- fluxes in the frog skin. This model can accurately reproduce the experimental values measured from unidirectional fluxes of CO2 and HCO3- under a variety of conditions and can explain the effects of PGF(2alpha) on unidirectional 14C-labeled fluxes as a consequence of inhibition of H+ secretion to the apical bath, similar to what was previously suggested by our laboratory using a different methodological approach. The present method, utilizing radiolabeled HCO3-, may be useful as a means to evaluate the mechanism of action of hormones and drugs that may regulate acid-base homeostasis by altering proton and bicarbonate transport processes.

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48

Tsai, S. "Temporal gene expression in bovine corpora lutea after treatment with PGF2alpha based on serial biopsies in vivo." Reproduction 121, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 905–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/reprod/121.6.905.

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49

Petroni, Anna, Carla Anna Iannone, Lina Cordeddu, Elisabetta Murru, Gianfranca Carta, Maria Paola Melis, Stefania Bergamini, et al. "Metabolism of 8-iso-PGF2alpha and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in vivo and in X-Adrenoleukodystrophy fibroblasts." Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 66, no. 5 (May 2007): 423–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jnen.0000268998.54062.aa.

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50

Ginther, O. J., L. A. Silva, R. R. Araujo, and M. A. Beg. "Temporal Associations among Pulses of 13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-PGF2alpha, Luteal Blood Flow, and Luteolysis in Cattle1." Biology of Reproduction 76, no. 3 (March 1, 2007): 506–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.106.057653.

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