Статті в журналах: "PfpI"

1

Song, Ya, Peng Wen, Huili Hao, Minqian Zhu, Yuanming Sun, Yuxiao Zou, Teresa Requena, Riming Huang, and Hong Wang. "Structural Features of Three Hetero-Galacturonans from Passiflora foetida Fruits and Their in Vitro Immunomodulatory Effects." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 8, 2020): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030615.

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Passiflora foetida is a horticultural plant and vital traditional Chinese herbal medicine. In our previous study, the characterization and immuno-enhancing effect of fruits polysaccharide 1 (PFP1), a water-eluted hetero-mannan from wild Passiflora foetida fruits, were investigated. Herein, another three salt-eluted novel polysaccharides, namely PFP2, PFP3, and PFP4, were obtained and structurally characterized. The results showed that PFP2, PFP3, and PFP4 were three structurally similar hetero-galacturonans with different molecular weights of 6.11 × 104, 4.37 × 104, and 3.48 × 105 g/mol, respectively. All three of these hetero-galacturonans are mainly composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose (75.69%, 80.39%, and 74.30%, respectively), and other monosaccharides including mannose, fucose, glucose, ribose, xylose, and glucuronic acid (24.31%, 19.61, and 25.70%, respectively), although differences in their backbone structure exist. Additionally, immunomodulatory assay indicated that the three hetero-galacturonans possess the ability to promote the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in RAW264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Especially, PFP3 displayed a stronger enhancing effect than PFP2 and PFP4 at the minimum effective concentration. Therefore, the results suggested that the obtained three salt-eluted hetero-galacturonans, especially PFP3, could be utilized as immunomodulatory effectivity ingredients in nutritional/pharmaceutical industries.

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2

Rodríguez-Rojas, Alexandro, and Jesús Blázquez. "The Pseudomonas aeruginosa pfpI Gene Plays an Antimutator Role and Provides General Stress Protection." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 3 (November 21, 2000): 844–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01081-08.

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ABSTRACT Hypermutator Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, characterized by an increased spontaneous-mutation rate, are found at high frequencies in chronic lung infections. Hypermutability is associated with the loss of antimutator genes related to DNA repair or damage avoidance systems. Only a few antimutator genes have been described in P. aeruginosa, although there is some evidence that additional genes may be involved in naturally occurring hypermutability. In order to find new P. aeruginosa antimutator genes, we constructed and screened a library of random insertions in the PA14 strain. Some previously described P. aeruginosa and/or Escherichia coli antimutator genes, such as mutS, mutL, uvrD, mutT, ung, and mutY, were detected, indicating a good coverage of our insertional library. One additional mutant contained an insertion in the P. aeruginosa PA14-04650 (pfpI) gene, putatively encoding a member of the DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily, which includes chaperones, peptidases, and the Parkinson's disease protein DJ-1a. The pfpI-defective mutants in both PAO1 and PA14 showed higher spontaneous mutation rates than the wild-type strains, suggesting that PfpI plays a key role in DNA protection under nonstress conditions. Moreover, the inactivation of pfpI resulted in a dramatic increase in the H2O2-induced mutant frequency. Global transcription studies showed the induction of bacteriophage Pf1 genes and the repression of genes related to iron metabolism, suggesting that the increased spontaneous-mutant frequency may be due to reduced protection against the basal level of reactive oxygen species. Finally, pfpI mutants are more sensitive to different types of stress and are affected in biofilm formation.

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3

Jacquier-Bret, Julien, Arnaud Faupin, Nasser Rezzoug, and Philippe Gorce. "A New Postural Force Production Index to Assess Propulsion Effectiveness During Handcycling." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 29, no. 6 (December 2013): 798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.29.6.798.

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The aim of this study was to propose a new index called Postural Force Production Index (PFPI) for evaluating the force production during handcycling. For a given posture, it assesses the force generation capacity in all Cartesian directions by linking the joint configuration to the effective force applied on the handgrips. Its purpose is to give insight into the force pattern of handcycling users, and could be used as ergonomic index. The PFPI is based on the force ellipsoid, which belongs to the class of manipulability indices and represents the overall force production capabilities at the hand in all Cartesian directions from unit joint torques. The kinematics and kinetics of the arm were recorded during a 1-min exercise test on a handcycle at 70 revolutions per minute performed by one paraplegic expert in handcycling. The PFPI values were compared with the Fraction Effective Force (FEF), which is classically associated with the effectiveness of force application. The results showed a correspondence in the propulsion cycle between FEF peaks and the most favorable postures to produce a force tangential to the crank rotation (PFPI). This preliminary study opens a promising way to study patterns of force production in the framework of handcycling movement analysis.

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4

Fernández, Lucía, Elena B. M. Breidenstein, Diana Song, and Robert E. W. Hancock. "Role of Intracellular Proteases in the Antibiotic Resistance, Motility, and Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 2 (November 28, 2011): 1128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.05336-11.

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ABSTRACTPseudomonas aeruginosapossesses complex regulatory networks controlling virulence and survival under adverse conditions, including antibiotic pressure, which are interconnected and share common regulatory proteins. Here, we screen a panel of 13 mutants defective in intracellular proteases and demonstrate that, in addition to the known alterations in Lon and AsrA mutants, mutation of three protease-related proteins PfpI, ClpS, and ClpP differentially affected antibiotic resistance, swarming motility, and biofilm formation.

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5

Kim, Hyojung, Aeran Kwon, and Bongjin Lee. "Sturucture of the stress response protein SAV1875 from S. aureus." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314084903.

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The DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily is a large protein group over diverse organisms, under this superfamily, there are multi-types of proteins such as protease, chaperones, heat shock protein, human parkinson's disease protein. The conserved protein from Staphylococcus aureus SAV1875 is a member of DJ-1 superfamily, but its function is unknown. We have determined the crystal structure of SAV1875 to a resolution of 1.8Å . As expected, the overall fold of the core domain of SAV1875 is similar to that of DJ-1. SAV1875 appears to be a dimer both in solution and the crystal, displaying an oligomerization interface similar to that observed for DJ-1. SAV 1875 contains a possible catalytic triad (Cys105-Glu17-His106) analogous to PfpI, YhbO, and DR1199. The cysteine in this triad (Cys-105) is oxidized in this crystal structure, similar to modifications seen in the cysteine of the DJ-1. This Cys-sulfenic acid is stabilized by hydrogen bonding with Glu17, Gly72, His106. We also have determined the crystal structure of mutated form of reactive Cys, SAV1875 C105D to a resolution of 2.1 Å. Aspartate mutation mimics the the Cys-sulfinic acid, more oxidized form. The aspartate stabilization by hydrogen bonding with neighboring residues are maintained. On the basis of these results, we suggest that SAV1875 might work as a general stress protein involved in the detoxification of the cell from oxygen reactive species.

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6

Eschenlauer, Sylvain C. P., Graham H. Coombs, and Jeremy C. Mottram. "PFPI-like genes are expressed inLeishmania majorbut are pseudogenes in otherLeishmaniaspecies." FEMS Microbiology Letters 260, no. 1 (July 2006): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00303.x.

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7

Song, Ji-Ye, Hyoung Jun Kong, and Myung-Seok Choi. "Size-controlled assemblies of porphyrin-modified pullulan photosensitizers." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 16, no. 11 (October 22, 2012): 1196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424612501210.

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Pullulan conjugates (i.e. PFP1, PFP4) formed via DCC/DMAP coupling of porphyrin derivatives possessing one (P1) or four (P4) carboxylic acid moieties with folate-appended pullulans (PF) were prepared for application as photosensitizers (PS) for photodynamic therapy. To maximize the desired PS characteristics, the assembly size of PS should be less than 200 nm in water medium. In a PBS buffer solution, PFP4 forms smaller assemblies (~100 nm) than PFP1 (~320 nm) due to its enhanced intramolecular hydrophilicity.

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8

Halio, S. B., M. W. Bauer, S. Mukund, M. Adams, and R. M. Kelly. "Purification and Characterization of Two Functional Forms of Intracellular Protease PfpI from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus." Applied and environmental microbiology 63, no. 1 (1997): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.63.1.289-295.1997.

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9

Yang, Jiajia, Erming He, and Juncheng Shu. "Application of adaptive fuzzy control to suppression vibration response of floating offshore wind turbine." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 39, no. 2 (April 2021): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20213920241.

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Floating offshore wind turbine is a complex rigid-flexible coupling nonlinear system, and the accurate dynamic model is difficultly established. Therefore, the wind-wave interference cannot be improved by adopting the conventional control strategy. In order to solve this problem, an adaptive fuzzy controller (AFC) is used to suppress the dynamic response of floating wind turbine. Two correction factors are introduced to optimize the fuzzy rule, and the traditional fuzzy controller (FC) is firstly obtained. Since the balance positions change and structural parameter perturbation of the wind turbine, an AFC is designed and validated. Finally, the suppression vibration responses ability of floating offshore wind turbine by using the different control strategies is studied under the random wind-wave disturbance and blade pitch control system coupling effect. The simulation results show that the tracking ability of the AFC to the target value is obviously higher than that of the FC; Comparing with the passive control strategy, the suppression vibration effect on the power spectral density (PSD) of the platform pitch (PFPI) motion peak can increase by 39.06% by adopting the AFC.

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10

Khalili-Samani, Maryam, Mahmood Barati, Navid Mirmohammadsadegh, Mohsen Amin, and Ali Samadikuchaksaraei. "Detection of Mutations of Antimutator Gene pfpI in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Species Isolated from Burn Patients in Tehran, Iran." Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 7, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jommid.7.4.127.

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11

Mohanan, Manoj Vadakkenchery, Anunanthini Pushpanathan, Sarath Padmanabhan Thelakat Sasikumar, Dharshini Selvarajan, Ashwin Narayan Jayanarayanan, Arun Kumar R., Sathishkumar Ramalingam, et al. "Ectopic expression of DJ-1/PfpI domain containing Erianthus arundinaceus Glyoxalase III (EaGly III) enhances drought tolerance in sugarcane." Plant Cell Reports 39, no. 11 (September 2, 2020): 1581–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-020-02585-1.

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12

Hansberg, Wilhelm, Teresa Nava-Ramírez, Pablo Rangel-Silva, Adelaida Díaz-Vilchis, and Aydé Mendoza-Oliva. "Large-Size Subunit Catalases Are Chimeric Proteins: A H2O2 Selecting Domain with Catalase Activity Fused to a Hsp31-Derived Domain Conferring Protein Stability and Chaperone Activity." Antioxidants 11, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050979.

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Bacterial and fungal large-size subunit catalases (LSCs) are like small-size subunit catalases (SSCs) but have an additional C-terminal domain (CT). The catalytic domain is conserved at both primary sequence and structural levels and its amino acid composition is optimized to select H2O2 over water. The CT is structurally conserved, has an amino acid composition similar to very stable proteins, confers high stability to LSCs, and has independent molecular chaperone activity. While heat and denaturing agents increased Neurospora crassa catalase-1 (CAT-1) activity, a CAT-1 version lacking the CT (C63) was no longer activated by these agents. The addition of catalase-3 (CAT-3) CT to the CAT-1 or CAT-3 catalase domains prevented their heat denaturation in vitro. Protein structural alignments indicated CT similarity with members of the DJ-1/PfpI superfamily and the CT dimers present in LSCs constitute a new type of symmetric dimer within this superfamily. However, only the bacterial Hsp31 proteins show sequence similarity to the bacterial and fungal catalase mobile coil (MC) and are phylogenetically related to MC_CT sequences. LSCs might have originated by fusion of SSC and Hsp31 encoding genes during early bacterial diversification, conferring at the same time great stability and molecular chaperone activity to the novel catalases.

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13

Broek, A. Vande, P. Gysegom, O. Ona, N. Hendrickx, E. Prinsen, J. Van Impe, and J. Vanderleyden. "Transcriptional Analysis of the Azospirillum brasilense Indole-3-Pyruvate Decarboxylase Gene and Identification of a cis-Acting Sequence Involved in Auxin Responsive Expression." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 18, no. 4 (April 2005): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-18-0311.

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of the Azospirillum brasilense ipdC gene, encoding an indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase, a key enzyme in the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in this bacterium, is upregulated by IAA. Here, we demonstrate that the ipdC gene is the promoter proximal gene in a bicistronic operon. Database searches revealed that the second gene of this operon, named iaaC, is well conserved evolutionarily and that the encoded protein is homologous to the Escherichia coli protein SCRP-27A, the zebrafish protein ES1, and the human protein KNP-I/GT335 (HES1), all of unknown function and belonging to the DJ-1/PfpI superfamily. In addition to this operon structure, iaaC is also transcribed monocistronically. Mutation analysis of the latter gene indicated that the encoded protein is involved in controlling IAA biosynthesis but not ipdC expression. Besides being upregulated by IAA, expression of the ipdC-iaaC operon is pH dependent and maximal at acidic pH. The ipdC promoter was studied using a combination of deletion analyses and site-directed mutagenesis. A dyadic sequence (ATTGTTTC(GAAT)GAAACAAT), centered at -48 was demonstrated to be responsible for the IAA inducibility. This bacterial auxin-responsive element does not control the pH-dependent expression of ipdC-iaaC.

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14

Dinarieva, Tatiana Yu, Alena I. Klimko, Jörg Kahnt, Tatiana A. Cherdyntseva, and Alexander I. Netrusov. "Adaptation of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CM MSU 529 to Aerobic Growth: A Proteomic Approach." Microorganisms 11, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020313.

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The study describes the effect of aerobic conditions on the proteome of facultative homofermentative lactic acid bacterium Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CM MSU 529 grown in a batch culture. Aeration caused the induction of the biosynthesis of 43 proteins, while 14 proteins were downregulated as detected by label-free LC-MS/MS. Upregulated proteins are involved in oxygen consumption (Pox, LctO, pyridoxine 5’-phosphate oxidase), xylulose 5-phosphate conversion (Xfp), pyruvate metabolism (PdhD, AlsS, AlsD), reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination (Tpx, TrxA, Npr), general stress response (GroES, PfpI, universal stress protein, YqiG), antioxidant production (CysK, DkgA), pyrimidine metabolism (CarA, CarB, PyrE, PyrC, PyrB, PyrR), oligopeptide transport and metabolism (OppA, PepO), and maturation and stability of ribosomal subunits (RbfA, VicX). Downregulated proteins participate in ROS defense (AhpC), citrate and pyruvate consumption (CitE, PflB), oxaloacetate production (AvtA), arginine synthesis (ArgG), amino acid transport (GlnQ), and deoxynucleoside biosynthesis (RtpR). The data obtained shed light on mechanisms providing O2-tolerance and adaptation to aerobic conditions in strain CM MSU 529. The biosynthesis of 39 from 57 differentially abundant proteins was shown to be O2-sensitive in lactic acid bacteria for the first time. To our knowledge this is the first study on the impact of aerobic cultivation on the proteome of L. rhamnosus.

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15

Wilson, M. A., C. V. St Amour, J. L. Collins, D. Ringe, and G. A. Petsko. "The 1.8-A resolution crystal structure of YDR533Cp from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A member of the DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101, no. 6 (January 26, 2004): 1531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308089100.

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16

Bankapalli, Kondalarao, SreeDivya Saladi, Sahezeel S. Awadia, Arvind Vittal Goswami, Madhuja Samaddar, and Patrick D'Silva. "Robust Glyoxalase activity of Hsp31, a ThiJ/DJ-1/PfpI Family Member Protein, Is Critical for Oxidative Stress Resistance inSaccharomyces cerevisiae." Journal of Biological Chemistry 290, no. 44 (September 14, 2015): 26491–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m115.673624.

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17

Halio, S. B., I. I. Blumentals, S. A. Short, B. M. Merrill, and R. M. Kelly. "Sequence, expression in Escherichia coli, and analysis of the gene encoding a novel intracellular protease (PfpI) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus." Journal of bacteriology 178, no. 9 (1996): 2605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.178.9.2605-2612.1996.

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18

Ohnishi, Y., and S. Horinouchi. "The A-factor regulatory cascade that leads to morphological development and secondary metabolism in Streptomyces." Biofilms 1, no. 4 (October 2004): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479050504001462.

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A-factor (2-isocapryloyl-3R-hydroxymethyl-γ-butyrolactone) is a chemical signalling molecule, or microbial hormone, that triggers aerial mycelium formation and secondary metabolism in Streptomyces griseus. A-factor pro- duced in a growth-dependent manner switches on the transcription of adpA, encoding a transcriptional activator, by binding to ArpA, the A-factor receptor protein, which has bound to the adpA promoter, and dissociating the bound ArpA from the DNA. AdpA then activates a number of genes of various functions required for morphological development and secondary metabolism, forming an AdpA regulon. ArpA, which belongs to the TetR family, contains a helix–turn–helix DNA-binding motif in its N-terminal portion and an A-factor-binding pocket (5 Å (0.5 nm) diameter and 20 Å (2 nm) long) in its C-terminal portion, as implied by X-ray crystallography of CprB, an ArpA homologue. The ligand pocket, which can accommodate an entire A-factor-type molecule of γ-butyrolactone, is completely embedded in the C-terminal portion. Upon binding A-factor, a long helix connecting the A-factor-binding and ligand-binding domains is relocated, as a result of which the DNA-binding helix moves outside, resulting in dissociation from DNA. AdpA, which belongs to the AraC/XylS family, contains a ThiJ/PfpI/DJ-1-like dimerization domain in its N-terminal portion and an AraC/XylS-type DNA-binding domain in its C-terminal portion. For transcriptional activation, AdpA can bind to various positions with respect to the transcriptional start points of the target genes and sometimes to multiple sites. We show here how A-factor triggers secondary metabolism and morphological development in S. griseus, with emphasis on the two key transcriptional factors, ArpA and AdpA, in the A-factor regulatory cascade.

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19

Panwar, A., M. Shamim, Subhash Babu, N. Ravishankar, Ashisa Prusty, N. Alam, D. Singh, et al. "Enhancement in Productivity, Nutrients Use Efficiency, and Economics of Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems in India through Farmer’s Participatory Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010122.

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Rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS), a lifeline for the majority of the population in South Asia is under stress, due to the imbalanced and indiscriminate use of fertilizers. Therefore, we conducted an on-farm study at eight locations (Amritsar, Katni, Nainital, Samba, Pakur, Kanpur, Ambedkarnagar, and Dindori) covering five agro climatic zones of six Indian states (Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Jharkhand) to (i) calculate the partial factor productivity (PFP) and agronomic use efficiency (AUE) to judge the response of NPK and Zn on grain yield of rice and wheat in RWCS and (ii) to work out the economic feasibility of different combinations of NPK in rice and wheat. Seven fertilizer treatments: Control (0-0-0), N alone (N-0-0), NP (N-P-0), NK (N-0-K), NPK (N-P-K), NPK+Zn (N-P-K-Zn), and FFMP (Farmers Fertilizer Management Practice) were assigned to all the locations. The levels of applied nutrients were used as per the standard recommendation of the location. The average of all the locations showed that the use of NP enhances the grain yield of rice and wheat by 105% and 97% over control, respectively. System productivity of RWCS was expressed in terms of rice grain equivalent yield (RGEY), Mg ha−1. Among the locations, Samba recorded the lowest productivity of RWCS with fertilizer treatments. In contrast, the highest productivity of RWCS with fertilizer treatments was recorded at Amritsar, except with NPK and NPK+Zn fertilization, where Katni superseded the Amritsar. An approximately 3-fold productivity gain in RWCS was recorded with the conjoint use of NP over control across the locations. Overall, the results of our study showed that the balance application of NPK increased the productivity of RWCS 245% over control. Partial factor productivity of Nitrogen (PFPn) N alone in rice varied across locations and ranged from 19 kg grain kg−1 N at Pakur to 41 kg grain kg−1 N at Amritsar. PFPn of N alone in wheat also ranged from 15.5 kg grain kg−1 of N at Ambedkarnagar to 28 kg grain kg−1 N at Amritsar. However, across locations the mean value of PFPn of N alone was 29 kg grain kg−1 N in rice and 21 kg grain kg−1 N in wheat. PFPn increased when combined application of N and P sorted in both rice and wheat across the locations. Similarly, combined application of NPK increased partial factor productivity of applied phosphorus (PFPp) in both the crops at all the locations. The combined application of NPK increased the PFPk for applied K at all the location. The response of K application with N and P when averaged over the location was 114% in rice and 93% in wheat over the combined use of N and K. In our study, irrespective of fertilizer treatments, the agronomic use efficiency of applied N (AUEn) and agronomic use efficiency of applied P (AUEp) were greater in rice than in wheat across the location. With regards to the economics, the mean net monetary returns among the fertilizers treatments was minimum (INR 29.5 × 103 ha−1) for the application of N alone and maximum (INR 8.65 × 103 ha−1) for application of NPK+Zn. The mean marginal returns across the locations was in order of N alone > NK > FFM > NPK > NP > NPK+Zn.

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20

Mandsberg, Lotte Frigaard, Maria D. Maciá, Kirsten R. Bergmann, Lasse E. Christiansen, Morten Alhede, Nikolai Kirkby, Niels Høiby, Antonio Oliver, and Oana Ciofu. "Development of antibiotic resistance and up-regulation of the antimutator gene pfpI in mutator Pseudomonas aeruginosa due to inactivation of two DNA oxidative repair genes (mutY, mutM)." FEMS Microbiology Letters 324, no. 1 (September 13, 2011): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02383.x.

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21

Yang, Fengke, Baolin He, Bo Dong, and Guoping Zhang. "Autumn Film Mulched Ridge Microfurrow Planting Improves Yield and Nutrient-Use Efficiency of Potatoes in Dryland Farming." Agronomy 13, no. 6 (June 7, 2023): 1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061563.

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Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) are the most important noncereal crop in the world. Increasing potato production is critical for future global food security. China is the world’s largest potato producer, and potato productivity is constrained by water scarcity and poor fertilizer use efficiency (NUEF). Recently, autumn film mulched ridge microfurrow rainwater harvesting (ARF) tillage has been successfully applied in potato production in dryland farming in Northwest China. However, the effects of ARF on the use efficiency (NUEF) of applied nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) nutrients in potatoes have not been systematically studied. A 3-year, consecutive field trial with four treatments, including moldboard planting without fertilizer application (control, CK), spring and autumn film mulched ridge microfurrow rainwater harvesting planting (SRF and ARF), and standard film mulched ridge-furrow planting (FRF), was conducted during 2018–2020. ARF greatly increased the water levels in the 0–200 cm soil profile at potato harvest compared to SRF, FRF, and CK. ARF and SRF significantly increased the levels of soil organic carbon (SOC), total and available NPK (TN, TP, TK and AN, AP, AK) compared to FRF and CK, with ARF being the most efficient at increasing the levels of the AN, AP, and AK. ARF significantly improved the soil water and nutrient activity and contributed the most to potato tuber and biomass yield and hence the NUEF. Under ARF, significant and positive associations were observed between the soil fertility traits, soil water storage (SWS), potato tuber yield, biomass yield, and NUEF. Soil fertility traits and the SWS were positively correlated with potato tuber and biomass yield. The SWS, potato tuber, and biomass yield positively correlated with the partial factor productivity (PFP) and the recovery efficiency (RE) of the applied NPK nutrients. Increased nutrient levels and their combination increased the NUEF and NUEF’s components. The TN and AN contributed more significantly to the PEP and agronomic efficiency (AE) of the applied NPK nutrients; the TP was significantly positively correlated with the AE (AEN, AEP, and AEK), while the AP was correlated with PEP (PFPN, PFPP, and PFPK) and RE (REN, REP, and REK); the TK was significantly positively correlated with the PFP and RE of the applied PK nutrients, while the AK was significantly positively correlated with the PEP, AE, and RE of the applied K nutrients. Therefore, ARF results in a synchronous increase in yield and NUEF and is the most efficient planting system for potato production in dryland farming.

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22

Song, Jing, Qun Ye, Wang Ting Lee, Xiaobai Wang, Tao He, Kwok Wei Shah, and Jianwei Xu. "Perfluoropolyether/poly(ethylene glycol) triblock copolymers with controllable self-assembly behaviour for highly efficient anti-bacterial materials." RSC Advances 5, no. 79 (2015): 64170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra08138f.

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23

Habib, Hosam M., Esmail M. El-Fakharany, Hamada El-Gendi, Mohamed G. El-Ziney, Ahmed F. El-Yazbi, and Wissam H. Ibrahim. "Palm Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Pollen Extract Inhibits Cancer Cell and Enzyme Activities and DNA and Protein Damage." Nutrients 15, no. 11 (June 2, 2023): 2614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15112614.

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Palm fruit pollen extract (PFPE) is a natural source of bioactive polyphenols. The primary aim of the study was to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, enzyme inhibition, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and DNA-protective properties of PFPE and identify and quantify the phenolic compounds present in PFPE. The results demonstrated that PFPE exhibited potent antioxidant activity in various radical-scavenging assays, including (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) (DPPH•), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•), nitric oxide (NO), ferric-reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). PFPE also displayed antimicrobial activity against several pathogenic bacteria. Similarly, PFPE reduced acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, and α-amylase activities. PFPE has been proven to have an anticancer effect against colon carcinoma (Caco-2), hepatoma (HepG-2), and breast carcinoma (MDA) cancer cells. Apoptosis occurred in PFPE-treated cells in a dose-dependent manner, and cell cycle arrest was observed. Furthermore, in breast cancer cells, PFPE down-regulated Bcl-2 and p21 and up-regulated p53 and Caspase-9. These results show that PFPE constitutes a potential source of polyphenols for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and functional food applications.

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Deb Nath, S. K., and C. H. Wong. "Study of the Thermal Decomposition of PFPEs Lubricants on a Thin DLC Film Using Finitely Extensible Nonlinear Elastic Potential Based Molecular Dynamics Simulation." Journal of Nanotechnology 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/390834.

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Perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs) are widely used as hard disk lubricants for protecting carbon overcoat reducing friction between the hard disk interface and the head during the movement of head during reading and writing data in the hard disk. Due to temperature rise of PFPE Zdol lubricant molecules on a DLC surface, how polar end groups are detached from lubricant molecules during coating is described considering the effect of temperatures on the bond/break density of PFPE Zdol using the coarse-grained bead spring model based on finitely extensible nonlinear elastic potential. As PFPE Z contains no polar end groups, effects of temperature on the bond/break density (number of broken bonds/total number of bonds) are not so significant like PFPE Zdol. Effects of temperature on the bond/break density of PFPE Z on DLC surface are also discussed with the help of graphical results. How bond/break phenomenonaffects the end bead density of PFPE Z and PFPE Zdol on DLC surface is discussed elaborately. How the overall bond length of PFPE Zdol increases with the increase of temperature which is responsible for its decomposition is discussed with the help of graphical results. At HAMR condition, as PFPE Z and PFPE Zdol are not suitable lubricant on a hard disk surface, it needs more investigations to obtain suitable lubricant. We study the effect of breaking of bonds of nonfunctional lubricant PFPE Z, functional lubricants such as PFPE Zdol and PFPE Ztetrao, and multidented functional lubricants such as ARJ-DS, ARJ-DD, and OHJ-DS on a DLC substrate with the increase of temperature when heating of all of the lubricants on a DLC substrate is carried out isothermally using the coarse-grained bead spring model by molecular dynamics simulations and suitable lubricant is selected which is suitable on a DLC substrate at high temperature.

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Nilmart, Patcharin, Wantanee Yodchaisarn, and Mantana Vongsirinavarat. "Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome in Young Adult Women With Low to Moderate Physical Activity Levels." Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.1.1565.1.

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Objectives: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) in young women with low to moderate Physical Activity (PA) levels. Methods: Women with low to moderate PA, aged between 18 and 40 years, were enrolled in this study. A Thai version of the Kujala patellofemoral questionnaire (KPQ), history taking, and physical examination were used to screen and confirm the diagnosis of PFPS. Demographic features, including age, Body Mass Index (BMI), PA, knee alignment, and static foot posture, were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine confounding factors associated with PFPS. Results: A total of 1011 women with a Mean±SD age of 25.51±6.79 years participated in this study. The prevalence of PFPS was 15%. Age, BMI, PA, knee alignment, and static foot posture were not significantly associated with PFPS in this population. Discussion: Although the participants were young adults with low to moderate PA, the prevalence of PFPS was in the same range as the highly active groups. None of the factors investigated in this study could predict PFPS occurrence. Based on the findings, the risk factors of PFPS seem to be complex and individualized. The early diagnosis and treatment of PFPS should therefore be considered in this age group.

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Zhang, Shuo, Jin Yun Pu, and Dong Zhen Li. "Research on Field Simulation Application in Warship Cabin Performance-Based Fire Protection Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 525 (February 2014): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.525.325.

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As the rapid development of warship equipment automation, warship cabin fire protection design in many developed countries has transformed from the prescription approach to Performance-based Fire Protection Design (PFPD). Since the warship is moving offshore structures, its PFPD can fully learn from building PFPD on land. This paper firstly outlined the concepts and methods of building PFPD. Through comparing the similarities and differences of structure and fire-fighting capacity both on warships and in building, the warship cabin PFPD roadmap was proposed. From the perspectives of warship structure and personnel protection, warship PFPD parameters were proposed. Applied field simulation model into quantitative and numerical analysis of the fire compartments and adjacent ones to determine the cabins not meeting the demands of PFPD parameters. According to the analysis, take active or passive optimization fire protection measures making these compartments optimized design to meet structure fireproof parameters, ultimately achieve the fire protection purpose.

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Tian, Xing, Jian Yang, Zhigang Guo, and Qiuwang Wang. "Numerical Investigation of Gravity-Driven Granular Flow around the Vertical Plate: Effect of Pin-Fin and Oscillation on the Heat Transfer." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 2187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082187.

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In this paper, the heat transfer of pin-fin plate unit (PFPU) under static and oscillating conditions are numerically studied using the discrete element method (DEM). The flow and heat transfer characteristics of the PFPU with sinusoidal oscillation are investigated under the conditions of oscillating frequency of 0–10 Hz, amplitude of 0–5 mm and oscillating direction of Y and Z. The contact number, contact time, porosity and heat transfer coefficient under the above conditions are analyzed and compared with the smooth plate. The results show that the particle far away from the plate can transfer heat with the pin-fin of PFPU, and the oscillating PFPU can significantly increase the contact number and enhance the temperature diffusion and heat transfer. The heat transfer coefficient of PFPU increases with the increase of oscillating frequency and amplitude. When the PFPU oscillates along the Y direction with the amplitude of 1 mm and the frequency of 10 Hz, the heat transfer coefficient of PFPU is increased by 28% compared with that of the smooth plate. Compared with the oscillation along the Z direction, the oscillation along the Y direction has a significant enhancement on the heat transfer of PFPU.

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Mad-adam, Nadeeya, Siribhon Madla, Narissara Lailerd, Poonsit Hiransai, and Potchanapond Graidist. "Piper nigrum Extract: Dietary Supplement for Reducing Mammary Tumor Incidence and Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity." Foods 12, no. 10 (May 19, 2023): 2053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12102053.

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A low piperine fractional Piper nigrum extract (PFPE) was prepared by mixing cold-pressed coconut oil and honey in distilled water, namely, PFPE-CH. In this study, PFPE-CH was orally administered as a dietary supplement to decrease the risk of tumor formation and reduce the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs during breast cancer treatment. The toxicity study demonstrated no mortality or adverse effects after administrating PFPE-CH at 5000 mg/kg during a 14-day observation period. Additionally, PFPE-CH at 86 mg/kg BW/day did not cause any harm to the kidney or liver function of the rats for six months. In a cancer prevention study, treatment with PFPE-CH at 100 mg/kg BW for 101 days induced oxidative stress and increased the immune response by altering the levels of cancer-associated cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-g), leading to a reduction in the tumor incidence of up to 71.4% without any adverse effects. In combination with doxorubicin, PFPE-CH did not disrupt the anticancer effects of the drug in rats with mammary tumors. Surprisingly, PFPE-CH reduced chemotherapy-induced toxicity by improving some hematological and biochemical parameters. Therefore, our results suggest that PFPE-CH is safe and effective in reducing breast tumor incidence and toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs during cancer treatment in mammary tumor rats.

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Mølgaard, Carsten, Michael Skovdal Rathleff, and Ole Simonsen. "Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome and Its Association with Hip, Ankle, and Foot Function in 16- to 18-Year-Old High School Students." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 101, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/1010215.

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Background: An increased pronated foot posture is believed to contribute to patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), but the relationship between these phenomena is still controversial. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of PFPS in high school students and to compare passive internal and external hip rotation, passive dorsiflexion, and navicular drop and drift between healthy high school students and students with PFPS. Methods: All 16- to 18-year-old students in a Danish high school were invited to join this single-blind case-control study (N = 299). All of the students received a questionnaire regarding knee pain. The main outcome measurements were prevalence of PFPS, navicular drop and drift, passive ankle dorsiflexion, passive hip rotation in the prone position, and activity level. The case group consisted of all students with PFPS. From the same population, a randomly chosen control group was formed. Results: The prevalence of knee pain was 25%. Of the 24 students with knee pain, 13 were diagnosed as having PFPS. This corresponds to a PFPS prevalence of 6%. Mean navicular drop and drift were higher in the PFPS group versus the control group (navicular drop: 4.2 mm [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.2–5.3 mm] versus 2.9 mm [95% CI, 2.5–3.3 mm]; and navicular drift: 2.6 mm [95% CI, 1.6–3.7 mm] versus 1.4 mm [95% CI, 0.9–2.0 mm]). Higher passive ankle dorsiflexion was also identified in the PFPS group (22.2° [95% CI, 18°–26°] versus 17.7° [95% CI, 15°–20°]). Conclusions: This study demonstrated greater navicular drop, navicular drift, and dorsiflexion in high school students with PFPS compared with healthy students and highlights that foot posture is important to consider as a factor where patients with PFPS diverge from healthy individuals. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(3): 215–222, 2011)

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Jan, Mei-Hwa, Da-Hon Lin, Jiu-Jenq Lin, Chien-Ho Janice Lin, Cheng-Kung Cheng, and Yeong-Fwu Lin. "Differences in Sonographic Characteristics of the Vastus Medialis Obliquus between Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome and Healthy Adults." American Journal of Sports Medicine 37, no. 9 (June 11, 2009): 1743–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546509333483.

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Background There is controversy regarding the relationship between patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and insufficiency of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO). The conventional clinical practice of VMO strengthening for PFPS has been challenged for lack of evidence. The purpose of this study was to observe the difference in sonographic findings of the VMO between patients with PFPS and healthy adults. Hypothesis The morphological characteristics of the VMO are different between patients with PFPS and healthy adults. Study Design Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Fifty-four patients with PFPS and 54 age-, gender-, body height—, and body weight—matched healthy adults as controls were enrolled in the study to measure by sonography the insertion level, fiber angle, and volume of the VMO at its insertional portion to detect differences between patients with PFPS and healthy controls. Results The insertion level, fiber angle, and VMO volume were all significantly smaller in the PFPS group than in the control group (P < .05). Multivariate analysis of variance has revealed a Wilks λ value of .845 and an F value of 5.640 (P = .001). Conclusion There was a significant difference in the 3 VMO measures between patients with PFPS and the healthy controls. Individuals might be predisposed to PFPS by different VMO characteristics, including insertion level and fiber angle. The current study cannot determine whether the observed morphological differences were the results of atrophy in response to pain or if they represent dysplasia that was predisposed to pain development. The clinical manifestations of VMO characteristics should be thoroughly investigated in other populations. Clinical Relevance The function of the VMO is important to consider in the rehabilitation of patients with PFPS.

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Kulikowski, Konrad. "The model of relationships between pay for individual performance and work engagement." Career Development International 23, no. 4 (August 13, 2018): 427–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-10-2017-0181.

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Purpose Research on the relationship between pay for individual performance (PFIP) and work engagement (WE) is limited. The purpose of this paper is to present a model outlining a threefold association between PFIP and WE: a direct association, an indirect association via pay satisfaction and a joint indirect association via pay level and pay satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modeling and bootstrapping procedures were used to test hypotheses with regard to these associations based on data obtained from two independent studies: the author’s own research project, and the European Work Conditions Survey 2015. Findings In both studies, the author found the hypothesized direct association between PFIP and WE; indirect association between PFIP and WE via pay satisfaction; and a joint indirect association between PFIP and WE via pay level and pay satisfaction. Research limitations/implications Given its limited cross-sectional design, future longitudinal research in this area is needed to test the model of relations presented in this paper. Practical implications The association between PFIP and WE is weak, and partially mediated by pay satisfaction; thus, it seems that to promote WE, it is not solely sufficient to introduce PFIP into remuneration systems, but that, in addition, PFIP should be aligned with employee pay expectations. Originality/value This study contributes to the career development literature by proposing and initially testing a model describing the three ways PFIP may be related to WE, one of the most crucial factors in achieving career success.

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Darwish, Mohamed Samir, Noha A. Abou-Zeid, Ebtihal Khojah, Huda A. AL Jumayi, Garsa A. Alshehry, Eman H. Algarni, and Asmaa A. Elawady. "Supplementation of Labneh with Passion Fruit Peel Enhanced Survival of E. coli Nissle 1917 during Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion and Adhesion to Caco-2 Cells." Foods 11, no. 11 (June 6, 2022): 1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11111663.

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Passion fruit peel powder (PFPP) was used to supplement the probiotic labneh to increase the activity of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) during production and storage. Labneh was manufactured with PFPP (0.5% and 1%) and analyzed at 0, 7, and 15 days of cold storage for postacidification and sensory properties and viability of EcN, survival of EcN to simulated gastrointestinal tract stress, and adhesion potential of EcN to Caco-2 cells. Acidification kinetics during fermentation showed that supplementation with PFPP reduced the time needed to decrease pH and reach the maximum acidification rate. PFPP addition contributed to postacidification of labneh during storage. PFPP had a beneficial effect (p < 0.05) on counts of EcN in labneh during different storage periods. Consumer preference expectations for labneh enriched with PFPP (0.5% and 1%) were higher than those for the control. PFPP provided a significant protective action for EcN during simulated gastrointestinal transit and had a positive effect on EcN adhesion to Caco-2 cells in vitro, although this decreased during storage with labneh. Labneh supplementation with PFPP can be recommended because of the positive effect on EcN viability and the high nutritional value, which may increase the appeal of the product to consumers.

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Jung, Yeonjin, and Changdong Yeo. "Mechano-Chemical Properties and Tribological Performance of Thin Perfluoropolyether (PFPE) Lubricant Film under Environmental Contaminants." Lubricants 11, no. 7 (July 21, 2023): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11070306.

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Through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with ReaxFF potential, the effects of chemical contaminants on the mechano-chemical properties and tribological performance of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricants were investigated. For the two types of contaminants, i.e., silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles and water (H2O), their molecular interactions with the two different PFPE lubricants, i.e., Ztetraol and ZTMD, were evaluated at the two different temperatures, i.e., 300 K and 700 K. Contaminants were adsorbed onto the PFPE lubricants at a controlled temperature. Then, air shear simulations were conducted to examine the mechano-chemical behaviors of the contaminated lubricants. Sliding contact simulations were performed to further investigate the tribological performance of the contaminated lubricants, from which the resulting friction and surface contamination were quantified. Lastly, chemical reactions between PFPE lubricants and contaminants were studied to investigate the degradation of PFPE lubricants. It was observed that SiO2 nanoparticles stiffened the PFPE lubricant, which decreased its shear displacement and increased friction. In the case of the H2O contaminant, it weakened and decreased the PFPE lubricant’s viscosity, increasing its shear displacement and lowering friction. However, the decreased viscosity by H2O contaminants can weaken the lubricity of the PFPE lubricant, leading to a higher chance of direct solid-to-solid contact under high contact force conditions.

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Balint, Thomas, Jeremy Jones, Mark Paquette, and Joseph Amalfitano. "Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Review of the Literature with Osteopathic Emphasis." AAO Journal 32, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53702/2375-5717-32.1.44.

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Abstract Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common yet complicated clinical presentation. The first objective of this paper is to review the literature related to the pathogenesis and diagnostic testing for evaluating for PFPS. The second objective is to investigate how the five models of osteopathic medicine relate to the development and treatment of PFPS. The last objective is to outline several effective osteopathic manipulative techniques that can aid in the treatment of PFPS.

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Pérez-Martínez, Isabel, Youfu Zhao, Jesús Murillo, George W. Sundin, and Cayo Ramos. "Global Genomic Analysis of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi Plasmids." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 2 (November 9, 2007): 625–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01067-07.

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ABSTRACT Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains harbor native plasmids belonging to the pPT23A plasmid family (PFPs) which are detected in all pathovars of the related species Pseudomonas syringae examined and contribute to the ecological and pathogenic fitness of their host. However, there is a general lack of information about the gene content of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi plasmids and their role in the interaction of this pathogen with olive plants. We designed a DNA macroarray containing 135 plasmid-borne P. syringae genes to conduct a global genetic analysis of 32 plasmids obtained from 10 P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains. Hybridization results revealed that the number of PFPs per strain varied from one to four. Additionally, most strains contained at least one plasmid (designated non-PFP) that did not hybridize to the repA gene of pPT23A. Only three PFPs contained genes involved in the biosynthesis of the virulence factor indole-3-acetic acid (iaaM, iaaH, and iaaL). In contrast, ptz, a gene involved in the biosynthesis of cytokinins, was found in five PFPs and one non-PFP. Genes encoding a type IV secretion system (T4SS), type IVA, were found in both PFPs and non-PFPs; however, type IVB genes were found only on PFPs. Nine plasmids encoded both T4SSs, whereas seven other plasmids carried none of these genes. Most PFPs and non-PFPs hybridized to at least one putative type III secretion system effector gene and to a variety of additional genes encoding known P. syringae virulence factors and one or more insertion sequence transposase genes. These results indicate that non-PFPs may contribute to the virulence and fitness of the P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi host. The overall gene content of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi plasmids, with their repeated information, mosaic arrangement, and insertion sequences, suggests a possible role in adaptation to a changing environment.

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Kuriki, Heloyse Uliam, Fábio Mícolis de Azevedo, Rúben De Faria Negrão Filho, and Neri Alves. "Onset of quadriceps activation and torque variation during stair ascent in individuals with patellofemoral pain." ConScientiae Saúde 11, no. 4 (January 4, 2013): 642–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/conssaude.v11n4.3810.

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Introduction: Studies have used surface electromyography (EMG) to understand motor recruitment in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS); however, there is no consensus in the literature. Objective: To understand if, in addition to neuromuscular disorders, there are changes in rotational patterns in individuals with PFPS. Methods: Twenty-two control pain-free subjects and eleven subjects with PFPS were assessed during stair ascent with respect to the onset of muscle activation and percentage of torque variation (PTV). Result: The PFPS group showed previous activation of vastus lateralis (VL) (21.1 ± 58.1ms), while simultaneous activation was observed in the control group (2.8 ± 30.7ms, p=0.01). The groups also showed differences in relation to the PTV (p=0.02): the control group showed greater variation in torque (26.7 ± 35.3%) compared to the PFPS group (17.5 ± 35.9%). Conclusion: People with PFPS have prior activation of VL and lower tendency towards body rotation, which may suggest patellar lateralization.

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Baritussio, Anna, Francesco Vacirca, Honoria Ocagli, Francesco Tona, Valeria Pergola, Raffaella Motta, Renzo Marcolongo, et al. "Assessment of Coronary Inflammation by Pericoronary Fat Attenuation Index in Clinically Suspected Myocarditis with Infarct-Like Presentation." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 4200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184200.

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Background: The pathophysiology of angina-like symptoms in myocarditis is still unclear. Perivascular fat attenuation index (pFAI) by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a non-invasive marker of coronary inflammation (CI) in atherosclerosis. We explored the presence of CI in clinically suspected myocarditis with infarct-like presentation. Methods: We retrospectively included 15 consecutive patients (67% male, age 30 ± 10 years) with clinically suspected infarct-like myocarditis who underwent CCTA to rule out coronary artery disease. Right coronary artery (RCA) pFAI mean value was compared with that of healthy volunteers. Results: Mean RCA pFAI value was −92.8 ± 8.4 HU, similar to that of healthy volunteers (−95.2 ± 6.0, p = 0.8). We found no correlation between RCA pFAI mean values and peak Troponin I (r = −0.43, p = 0.11) and C-reactive protein at diagnosis (r = −0.25, p = 0.42). Patients with higher pFAI values showed higher biventricular end-systolic volumes (ESV) (p = 0.038 for left and p = 0.024 for right ventricle) and lower right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) (p = 0.038) on cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Conclusions: In clinically suspected myocarditis with infarct-like presentation, RCA pFAI values are lower than those validated in atherosclerosis. The correlation between higher pFAI values, higher biventricular ESV and lower RVEF, may suggest a role of pFAI in predicting non-atherosclerotic CI (i.e., infective/immune-mediated “endothelialitis”).

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Suguitan, Amorsolo L., D. Channe Gowda, Genevieve Fouda, Lucy Thuita, Ainong Zhou, Rosine Djokam, Simon Metenou, Rose G. F. Leke, and Diane Wallace Taylor. "Lack of an Association between Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum Glycosylphosphatidylinositols and Malaria-Associated Placental Changes in Cameroonian Women with Preterm and Full-Term Deliveries." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 9 (September 2004): 5267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.9.5267-5273.2004.

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ABSTRACT Sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum parasites within the placenta often leads to an accumulation of macrophages within the intervillous space and increased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), a cytokine associated with placental pathology and poor pregnancy outcomes. P. falciparum glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors have been shown to be the major parasite component that induces TNF-α production by monocytes and macrophages. Antibodies against P. falciparum GPI (anti-PfGPI), however, can inhibit the induction of TNF-α and inflammation. Thus, the study was undertaken to determine whether anti-PfGPI antibodies down-regulate inflammatory-type changes in the placentas of women with malaria. Anti-PfGPI immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG levels were measured in 380 pregnant women with or without placental malaria, including those who delivered prematurely and at term. Results showed that anti-PfGPI antibody levels increased with gravidity and age and that malaria infection boosted anti-PfGPI antibodies in pregnant women. However, no association was found between anti-PfGPI antibodies and placental TNF-α levels or the presence of acute or chronic placental malaria. Furthermore, anti-PfGPI antibody levels were similar in women with preterm and full-term deliveries and were not associated with an increase in infant birth weight. Thus, these results fail to support a strong role for anti-PfGPI antibodies in the prevention of chronic placental malaria infections and malaria-associated poor birth outcomes.

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Meratan, Ali Akbar, Vahid Hassani, Atiyeh Mahdavi, and Nasser Nikfarjam. "Pomegranate seed polyphenol-based nanosheets as an efficient inhibitor of amyloid fibril assembly and cytotoxicity of HEWL." RSC Advances 12, no. 14 (2022): 8719–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra05820g.

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PFPS nanosheets modulate the amyloid fibrillation of HEWL much more effective than the bulk form of PFPS. Based on the thioflavin T results, a delay in the initiation of the assembly process appears to be the mechanism of action of PFPS nanosheets.

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Mattos, Leonardo, Rondineli Silva, Gabriela Chaves, and Vera Luiza. "Assistência farmacêutica na atenção básica e Programa Farmácia Popular: a visão de gestores de esferas subnacionais do Sistema Único de Saúde." Saúde e Sociedade 28, no. 1 (March 2019): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-12902019170442.

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Resumo O trabalho teve como objetivo identificar a percepção de gestores públicos da assistência farmacêutica em esferas subnacionais e de gerentes técnicos de instâncias colegiadas do Sistema Único de Saúde sobre os reflexos do Programa Farmácia Popular do Brasil (PFPB), iniciativa exclusivamente federal, na gestão da assistência farmacêutica na atenção básica (Afab), de responsabilidade tripartite e operacionalizada pelos municípios. Entrevistaram-se gestores municipais, estaduais e gerentes técnicos do Conselho Nacional de Secretarias Municipais de Saúde e do Conselho Nacional de Secretários de Saúde. A análise do conteúdo considerou as categorias (1) desafios e avanços da Afab e do PFPB e (2) conexões entre a Afab e o PFPB. Houve visões divergentes sobre as relações entre Afab e PFPB, se concorrentes ou complementares. Ressaltou-se o contraste entre os crescentes investimentos no PFPB e sua estagnação na Afab, a sobreposição dos elencos, a migração de usuários e o papel do PFPB como alternativa de acesso, entre outros. A implementação centralizada do PFPB parece ter se dado com baixa articulação com as esferas subnacionais de gestão, gerando distintas e contraditórias interpretações sobre seu papel e objetivos para os municípios, considerando-se as diretrizes de descentralização da assistência farmacêutica.

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Lee, Cheng-Ling, Chi-Shiang Chen, Chun-Ren Yang, and Rui-Cheng Zeng. "NOA61-Polymer Fiber Fizeau Interferometer with a Flexible NOA65-Polymer Taper for Simultaneous Measurement of Tilt Angle and Temperature." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 2798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162798.

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This study proposes and experimentally demonstrates a NOA61-polymer fiber Fizeau interferometer (PFFI) connected to a flexible NOA65-polymer taper (PT) for simultaneous measurement of tilt angle and temperature (T). The PT/PFFI fiber sensor consists of a taper-shaped flexible NOA65 polymer and single-mode fiber with an endface that is attached to a NOA61-polymer. The NOA61-polymer of PFFI is highly sensitive to variations of T with high repeatability and enables the simultaneous measurement of tilt angle by connecting with the highly flexible NOA65-PT. the interference fringe visibility of optical spectra in the PFFI can be highly controlled by the tilt angle of the PT and is thus capable of measuring tilt angles with high sensitivity. On the other hand, wavelength shifts of the spectra in the PFFI only occur when T varies. The proposed PT/PFFI can simultaneously detect the tilt state and the variation of surrounding T by measuring the optical spectral responses and eliminating cross sensitivity. Experimental results demonstrate the PT/PFFI can simultaneously measure tilt angles and T with good sensitivities and obtain averages of 0.4 dB/° and 0.17 nm/°C, respectively.

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42

Chilakapati, Shanmuga Reddy, Mamatha Serasanambati, Pavan Kumar Manikonda, Damodar Reddy Chilakapati, and Ronald Ross Watson. "Passion fruit peel extract attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 92, no. 8 (August 2014): 631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2014-0006.

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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive fatal lung disease characterized by excessive collagen deposition, with no effective treatments. We investigated the efficacy of natural products with high anti-inflammatory activity, such as passion fruit peel extract (PFPE), in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin to induce PF. Daily PFPE treatment significantly reduced loss of body mass and mortality rate in mice compared with those treated with bleomycin. While bleomycin-induced PF resulted in elevated total numbers of inflammatory cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid on both days 7 and 21, PFPE administration significantly attenuated these phenomena compared with bleomycin group. On day 7, the decreased superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase activities observed in the bleomycin group were significantly restored with PFPE treatment. On day 21, enhanced hydroxyproline deposition in the bleomycin group was also suppressed by PFPE administration. PFPE treatment significantly attenuated extensive inflammatory cell infiltration and accumulation of collagen in lung tissue sections of bleomycin-induced mice on days 7 and 21, respectively. Our results indicate that administration of PFPE decreased bleomycin-induced PF because of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

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43

Miller, John P., Daniel Sedory, and Ronald V. Croce. "Vastus Medialis Obliquus and Vastus Lateralis Activity in Patients with and without Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 6, no. 1 (May 1997): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.6.1.1.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of closed kinetic chain exercises in preferentially recruiting the oblique fibers of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO). Fifteen athletically active females, 6 with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and 9 without PFPS, performed two isometric and two dynamic closed kinetic chain exercises. The isometric exercises were a static lunge with 30° of knee flexion (SL@30°) and with 70° of knee flexion (SL@70°). The dynamic exercises were a step-up/step-down exercise (SUSD) and a modified wall slide (MWS). Selective recruitment of the VMO occurred during the MWS (p <.05) and the SUSD in the subjects without PFPS (p <.05). For the SL@70° (p <.01), the MWS (p <.01), and the SUSD (p <.05), subjects with PFPS had greater activity of the vastus lateralis (VL), resulting in a lower VMO: VL ratio for those exercises (p < .05). It was concluded that the closed kinetic chain exercises examined in this study do not preferentially recruit the VMO in individuals with PFPS. In addition, individuals with PFPS have a lower VMO:VL ratio during these exercises compared to individuals without PFPS.

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44

Liu, Yongxin, Li Song, Peng Luo, and Hong Jin. "Theoretical study on pipe friction parameter identification in water distribution systems." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 46, no. 9 (September 2019): 789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0021.

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In water distribution systems (WDSs), operational modeling results could be affected by accuracy of pipe friction parameters (PFPs). Under a single hydraulic condition, unique values of PFPs cannot be achieved, even with the availability of pressure and discharge values at every node. This study established a theoretical model of PFP identification in WDSs by decoupling variables. Then, equations for identifying PFPs were expressed through energy conservation equations of a tree and relationships between pressure losses and flows in pipes under different hydraulic conditions. Further, equations for identifying PFPs can be transformed into linear simultaneous equations by substituting variables whose solvability is easy to study. The aim of this study is to develop a theoretical framework for identifying unique values of PFPs and provide a theoretical basis for an actual problem of PFP identification in a WDS. Moreover, a theoretical demonstrative example is presented to illustrate processes of obtaining unique and acceptable values of PFPs.

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45

Gautam, Ritesh, Ian Geniza, Scott T. Iacono, Chadron M. Friesen, and Abby R. Jennings. "Perfluoropyridine: Discovery, Chemistry, and Applications in Polymers and Material Science." Molecules 27, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051616.

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Perfluoropyridine (PFPy) is an organofluorine compound that has been employed for a variety of applications, from straightforward chemical synthesis to more advanced functions, such as fluorinated networks and polymers. This can be directly attributed to the highly reactive nature of PFPy, especially towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr). The aim of this review is to highlight the discovery and synthesis of PFPy, discuss its reactive nature towards SNAr, and to summarize known reports of the utilization and thermal analysis of PFPy containing fluoropolymers and fluorinated network materials.

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46

Verma, Pratima, Shraddha Gandhi, Kusum Lata, and Kausik Chattopadhyay. "Pore-forming toxins in infection and immunity." Biochemical Society Transactions 49, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20200836.

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The integrity of the plasma membranes is extremely crucial for the survival and proper functioning of the cells. Organisms from all kingdoms of life employ specialized pore-forming proteins and toxins (PFPs and PFTs) that perforate cell membranes, and cause detrimental effects. PFPs/PFTs exert their damaging actions by forming oligomeric pores in the membrane lipid bilayer. PFPs/PFTs play important roles in diverse biological processes. Many pathogenic bacteria secrete PFTs for executing their virulence mechanisms. The immune system of the higher vertebrates employs PFPs to kill pathogen-infected cells and transformed cancer cells. The most obvious consequence of membrane pore-formation by the PFPs/PFTs is the killing of the target cells due to the disruption of the permeability barrier function of the plasma membranes. PFPs/PFTs can also activate diverse cellular processes that include activation of the stress-response pathways, induction of programmed cell death, and inflammation. Upon attack by the PFTs, host cells may also activate pathways to repair the injured membranes, restore cellular homeostasis, and trigger inflammatory immune responses. In this article, we present an overview of the diverse cellular responses that are triggered by the PFPs/PFTs, and their implications in the process of pathogen infection and immunity.

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47

Luo, Peng, Hao Wang, Yongxin Liu, Qingting Du, and Zhengshuai Zhang. "Resistance Characteristic Parameters Estimation of Hydraulic Model in Heating Networks Based on Real-Time Operation Data." Buildings 12, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060743.

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Heating systems are essential municipal infrastructure in winter, especially in severe cold cities of China. The safety and efficiency of heating systems greatly affect building energy efficiency and indoor thermal comfort. Heating networks (HNs), playing the role of transportation, are the key parts of heating systems. In HNs, hydraulic models could be affected by the accuracy of resistance characteristic parameters, which are expressed by pipe friction parameters (PFPs) in this paper. As the uniqueness of the estimation results of PFPs has not been discussed in previous studies, this paper builds an estimation method of PFPs by dividing two types of pipes, substituting variables and establishing a split-step linearization method. Combining with the theory of matrix equations, the decision conditions and solution methods for obtaining the unique estimation results of PFPs are determined. Theoretical analysis and case study results show that estimation values of PFPs can be obtained by utilizing measured data under multiple hydraulic conditions. In the example of DN and the simple actual HN, the average estimation deviation of PFPs is 1.42% and 1.86%, which are accurate enough for actual engineering. Estimation results of PFPs obtained by this method guarantee the accuracy of analysis and regulation in heating systems and improve social energy utilization efficiency.

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48

Benton, Joshua T., and Charles Bayly-Jones. "Challenges and approaches to studying pore-forming proteins." Biochemical Society Transactions 49, no. 6 (November 8, 2021): 2749–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20210706.

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Pore-forming proteins (PFPs) are a broad class of molecules that comprise various families, structural folds, and assembly pathways. In nature, PFPs are most often deployed by their host organisms to defend against other organisms. In humans, this is apparent in the immune system, where several immune effectors possess pore-forming activity. Furthermore, applications of PFPs are found in next-generation low-cost DNA sequencing, agricultural crop protection, pest control, and biosensing. The advent of cryoEM has propelled the field forward. Nevertheless, significant challenges and knowledge-gaps remain. Overcoming these challenges is particularly important for the development of custom, purpose-engineered PFPs with novel or desired properties. Emerging single-molecule techniques and methods are helping to address these unanswered questions. Here we review the current challenges, problems, and approaches to studying PFPs.

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49

Zhang, Zhou, Xiaojuan Hao, Paul A. Gurr, Anton Blencowe, Timothy C. Hughes, and Greg G. Qiao. "Honeycomb Films from Perfluoropolyether-Based Star and Micelle Architectures." Australian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 8 (2012): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch12252.

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A perfluoropolyether-b-poly(t-butyl acrylate) (PFPE-b-PtBA) block copolymer macroinitiator was used to prepare both core cross-linked star (CCS) polymers and micelles, whereby the outer shell and core, respectively, are comprised of fluorinated segments. The star polymer complete with PFPE outer shell was synthesised via atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) and the arm-first approach, through cross-linking of the PFPE-b-PtBA macroinitiator with ethylene glycol diacrylate (EGDA). Alternatively, the PFPE-b-PtBA block copolymer could be self-assembled in benzene to form micelles with a PtBA shell and PFPE core. Both the micelle and CCS polymer were subsequently fabricated into non-cracking honeycomb (HC) patterned films on both planar and non-planar surfaces via the ‘Breath Figure’ (BF) technique using a static casting system.

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50

Van Hamme, Jonathan D., Phillip M. Fedorak, Julia M. Foght, Murray R. Gray, and Heather D. Dettman. "Use of a Novel Fluorinated Organosulfur Compound To Isolate Bacteria Capable of Carbon-Sulfur Bond Cleavage." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 3 (March 2004): 1487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.3.1487-1493.2004.

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ABSTRACT The vacuum residue fraction of heavy crudes contributes to the viscosity of these oils. Specific microbial cleavage of C—S bonds in alkylsulfide bridges that form linkages in this fraction may result in dramatic viscosity reduction. To date, no bacterial strains have been shown conclusively to cleave C—S bonds within alkyl chains. Screening for microbes that can perform this activity was greatly facilitated by the use of a newly synthesized compound, bis-(3-pentafluorophenylpropyl)-sulfide (PFPS), as a novel sulfur source. The terminal pentafluorinated aromatic rings of PFPS preclude growth of aromatic ring-degrading bacteria but allow for selective enrichment of strains capable of cleaving C—S bonds. A unique bacterial strain, Rhodococcus sp. strain JVH1, that used PFPS as a sole sulfur source was isolated from an oil-contaminated environment. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that JVH1 oxidized PFPS to a sulfoxide and then a sulfone prior to cleaving the C—S bond to form an alcohol and, presumably, a sulfinate from which sulfur could be extracted for growth. Four known dibenzothiophene-desulfurizing strains, including Rhodococcus sp. strain IGTS8, were all unable to cleave the C—S bond in PFPS but could oxidize PFPS to the sulfone via the sulfoxide. Conversely, JVH1 was unable to oxidize dibenzothiophene but was able to use a variety of alkyl sulfides, in addition to PFPS, as sole sulfur sources. Overall, PFPS is an excellent tool for isolating bacteria capable of cleaving subterminal C—S bonds within alkyl chains. The type of desulfurization displayed by JVH1 differs significantly from previously described reaction results.

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