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1
Chmielewska, Daria, Magdalena Stania, Grzegorz Sobota, Krystyna Kwaśna, Edward Błaszczak, Jakub Taradaj, and Grzegorz Juras. "Impact of Different Body Positions on Bioelectrical Activity of the Pelvic Floor Muscles in Nulliparous Continent Women." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/905897.
Анотація:
We examined pelvic floor muscles (PFM) activity (%MVC) in twenty nulliparous women by body position during exercise as well as the activation of abdominal muscles and the gluteus maximus during voluntary contractions of the PFMs. Pelvic floor muscle activity was recorded using a vaginal probe during five experimental trials. Activation of transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, and gluteus maximus during voluntary PFM contractions was also assessed. Significant differences in mean normalized amplitudes of baseline PFM activity were revealed between standing and lying (P<0.00024) and lying and ball-sitting positions (P<0.0053). Average peak, average time before peak, and average time after peak did not differ significantly during the voluntary contractions of the PFMs. Baseline PFM activity seemed to depend on the body position and was the highest in standing. Pelvic floor muscles activity during voluntary contractions did not differ by position in continent women. Statistically significant differences between the supine lying and sitting positions were only observed during a sustained 60-second contraction of the PFMs.
2
Gu, Xiaoning, Min Yang, Fang Liu, Dongmei Liu, and Fuwen Shi. "Effects of Adding Ultrasound Biofeedback to Individualized Pelvic Floor Muscle Training on Extensibility of the Pelvic Floor Muscle and Anterior Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Postmenopausal Women." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2022 (June 23, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4818011.
Анотація:
The aim of the study was to determine effects of adding transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) biofeedback to individualized pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) on extensibility of the pelvic floor muscle and anterior pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in postmenopausal women. A total of 77 patients with POP at stage I or stage II were admitted to Beijing Shijitan Hospital, China, from January 2017 to October 2018. They were randomly divided into a control group (CG) (n = 37) or a study group (SG) (n = 40). Both SG and CG received a 12-week PFMT including health education, verbal instruction, and home training. However, the SG, but not the CG, received additional TPUS biofeedback. Data of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. The distance from the lowest point of the bladder to the inferior-posterior margin of the symphysis pubis (BSP) and the levator hiatus area (LHA) were measured on maximal Valsalva via TPUS before and after the 12-week PFMT. Correct pelvic floor muscle contraction (PFMC) rates before and after PFMT were compared between the two groups. The correct PFMC rate was higher in the SG than that in the CG (92.5% vs. 73%; x2 = 5.223, p = 0.022 ). The BSP was increased but the LHA was reduced after the 12-week PFMT in both groups compared to those before PFMT (all p < 0.05 ). However, after the PFMT, the SG showed greater improvement than the CG for both BSP (0.77 ± 0.71 cm vs. 0.11 ± 0.66 cm, p < 0.05 ) and LHA (20.69 ± 2.77 cm2 vs. 22.85 ± 3.98 cm2, p < 0.05 ). TPUS might be an effective biofeedback tool for PFMT in clinical practice. Individualized PFMT with TPUS biofeedback could significantly attenuate POP severity and strengthen the extensibility of pelvic floor muscle in postmenopausal women when they are under increased intraabdominal pressure.
3
Li, Juan, Xiaoyan Sun, Congyu Wang, Zujuan Zhang, and Zhenwei Xie. "A Mobile Application Penyikang Applied in Postpartum Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study to Analyze the Factors Influencing Postpartum Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength and Women’s Participation in Treatment." BioMed Research International 2020 (July 28, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4218371.
Анотація:
Objectives. Postpartum pelvic floor muscle (PFM) injuries are the result of pregnancy and delivery, which lead to a series of symptoms requiring long-term follow-up. Mobile health platforms are progressively used for monitoring clinical conditions in medical subjects. This survey was a cross-sectional design based on collecting data from an application (Penyikang). We retrospectively analyzed the risk factors for weak postpartum PFM and further analyzed the factors influencing women’s participation in the treatment which may help to improve the app’s application in the future. Methods. We enrolled postpartum women who gave birth at the Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from August to November 2017; trained them to use the app; and collected the demographic and clinical information. This app requires users to fill questionnaires to assess their knowledge of pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) and pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and experience with PFMT, and each therapy evaluation was restored. The relationship between the knowledge of PFMT/PFD, UI symptoms, and PFM strength was analyzed. Cluster analysis was used to define the degree of participation and identify the factors influencing the patients’ participation in intensive therapy and evaluation. Results. 1982 postpartum women who enrolled in the app program were defined as weak PFM. Younger maternal age, cesarean section, and without delivery injury were found as the prognostic factors to PFM strength (both type I and type II muscle fibers) (P<0.05), and higher educational level was also in favor of type II muscle fibers (P<0.05). Patient-reported UI symptoms were associated with weak PFM strength (P<0.05); there were no significant differences between knowledge of PFMT or PDF and PFM strength. Finally, patients with a higher degree of participation were more likely to accept the treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions. The mobile app provides a new applicative way to investigate postpartum PFD. The factors influencing women’s participation can help us focus on strategies to increase the patients’ compliance, and then we will apply the app into more areas to improve the prevention and treatment of postpartum PFD.
4
Zhu, Hongmei, Di Zhang, Lei Gao, Huixin Liu, Yonghui Di, Bing Xie, Wei Jiao, and Xiuli Sun. "Effect of Pelvic Floor Workout on Pelvic Floor Muscle Function Recovery of Postpartum Women: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (September 4, 2022): 11073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191711073.
Анотація:
Background: There is a risk of pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) from baby delivery. Many clinical guidelines recommend pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) as the conservative treatment for PFD because pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) play a crucial role in development of PFD. However, there is disagreement about the method and intensity of PFM training and the relevant measurements. To pilot the study in PFM training, we designed a Pelvic Floor Workout (PEFLOW) for women to train their pelvic through entire body exercises, and we planned a trial to evaluate its effectiveness through comparing the outcomes from a group of postpartum women who perform PELFLOW at home under professional guidance online with the control group. Methods/design: The randomized controlled trial was projected to be conducted from November 2021 to March 2023. A total of 260 postpartum women would be recruited from the obstetrics departments of the study hospital and women would be eligible for participation randomized into experimental or control groups (EG/CG) if their PFM strength are scaled by less than Modified Oxford grading Scale (MOS) to be less than grade 3. Women in EG would perform a 12-week PEFLOW online under the supervision and guidance of a physiotherapist, while women in CG would have no interventions. Assessments would be conducted at enrollment, post intervention (for EG) or 18th to 24th week postpartum (for CG), and 1 year postpartum. Assessment would be performed in terms of pelvic floor symptoms, including MOS, cough stress test, urinary leakage symptoms, pelvic organ prolapse quantitation (POP-Q), and vaginal relaxation, clinic examinations including Pelvic floor electrophysiological test, Pelvic floor ultrasound and Spine X-ray, overall body test including trunk endurance test, handgrip test, body composition test, and questionnaires including International Physical Activity Questionnaire Score-Short Form(IPAQ-SF), Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory Questionnaire-20 (PFDI-20), Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire-7 (PFIQ-7), the 6-item Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-6), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Primary analysis will be performed to test our main hypothesis that PEFLOW is effective with respect to strengthen PFM strength. Discussion: This trial will demonstrate that pelvic floor-care is accessible to most women and clinical practice on PFD may change relevantly should this study find that Online PEFLOW approach is effective to improve PFMs. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05218239.
5
Varghese, Linda, and Lekha Viswanath. "Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises for Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI): A Review Article." Scholars International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 02 (February 17, 2023): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijog.2023.v06i02.006.
Анотація:
Introduction: The International Continence Society (ICS) describes Urinary incontinence (UI) as the complaint of involuntary leakage of urine and proposes a classification according to the existence of signs and symptoms and mechanisms of occurrence [1, 2]. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to find existing evidence based intervention for Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) among women. A preliminary search on Cochrane database, PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS & CINHAL done by the researcher and found relevant studies which provided strong evidence to support role of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises (PFME) or Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) in reducing symptoms among women diagnosed with SUI. Conclusion: The review concluded that PFMT is a feasible and patient friendly exercise program used for treating SUI with high quality evidence and to be followed under supervision of a health professional. It is also found that less number of recent studies hence suggest having long term studies in future.
6
Cramer, Michael, and Wolfgang Kresse. "Editorial PFG 5/2021." PFG – Journal of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Science 89, no. 5 (October 2021): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41064-021-00180-x.
7
El-Zayat, Mai M., Maysa A. Mohamed та Eslam Aboelezz. "Enhancing the physico-mechanical properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber via ץ-radiation in the presence of bi-functional and tri-functional monomers". Radiochimica Acta 110, № 2 (6 січня 2022): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2021-1093.
Анотація:
Abstract This study, uses two polyfunctional monomers (PFMs) namely ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a bifunctional monomer and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) as a trifunctional monomer were used as co-agents in irradiation crosslinking of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber (EPDM). The effect of concentration of each PFM and irradiation dose on the crosslinking density, gel content, swelling behavior in motor and brake oils, in addition to the mechanical and thermal stability properties of EPDM was investigated in detailed. The results showed a remarkable increase in the gel content, crosslinking density and mechanical properties as the concentration of PFMs increased from 1 to 5 phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber). The various blends of EPDM with the trifunctional monomer express the highest gel content and crosslinking density than those with the bifunctional monomer. The addition of 5 phr of TMPTA to EPDM causes a dramatic improvement in tensile strength (TS) of the prepared blend reached to 188% compared to neat EPDM at 50 kGy. At the same time, the maximum TS of the blend containing 5 phr of EGDMA achieved only 41% compared to neat EPDM at an irradiation dose of 100 kGy. The swelling of irradiated samples in brake oil revealed a stronger oil resistance than motor oil. For all irradiated samples, the oil uptake decreased with the irradiation dose up to 100 kGy. The EPDM samples containing 5 phr of TMPTA recorded the highest oil resistance at 100 kGy. The results also showed that the addition of PFMs and irradiation treatment of the various prepared blends improved the thermal stability of EPDM. Finally, neat EPDM and the blends containing 1 and 3 phr of EGDMA can be used as radiation dosimeters in the very high dose range (50–200 kGy).
8
Urvasizoglu, Gelengul, Aybike Bas, Fatma Sarac, Peris Celikel, Fatih Sengul, and Sera Derelioglu. "Assessment of Permanent First Molars in Children Aged 7 to 10 Years Old." Children 10, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10010061.
Анотація:
Background: Dental caries is a chronic, infectious and preventable disease that is very common around the world. It has been observed that dental caries affect not only the majority of adults but also 60% to 90% of children. Permanent first molars (PFM) are the most commonly decayed teeth observed in children. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the decayed, missing filled teeth (DMFT) scores of PFMs in the early post-eruptive stage, within the scope of the United Nations Agenda for 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, thereby raising awareness for the prevention and treatment of permanent tooth decay. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in Erzurum between the years 2015–2016 by collecting data from children aged 7–10 years (17,208). In addition to the decayed, filled and missing data of the students’ 6-year-molars, their ages, genders, frequencies of both tooth brushing and dental office visits were evaluated. The relationship between the variables was analyzed with chi-square. Result: The present study analyzed the data of a total of 11,457 children, 5704 girls and 5753 boys with a mean age of 8.74 ± 1.18. There was a statistically significant difference between the PFMs 16, 26, 36 and 46 regarding the number of healthy, decayed, missing and restored teeth (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of caries in the PFMs of children aged 7–10 years was 15.9% and the mean DMFT was 0.79 ± 1.39. This result showed that PFMs might develop carious lesions and even be lost within three years in the early post-eruptive stage.
9
Alouini, Souhail, Sejla Memic, and Annabelle Couillandre. "Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Urinary Incontinence with or without Biofeedback or Electrostimulation in Women: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (February 27, 2022): 2789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052789.
Анотація:
To determine the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with or without biofeedback or electrostimulation in reducing urinary incontinence and pelvic floor muscle con-traction in non-pregnant women with urinary incontinence. Methods: The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Cochrane Central, ClinicalTrials.gov, EU Clinical Trials Register, and sources from NICE, FDA, EMA, and SMC (articles only in English, 2000–2021). Search terms were: urinary incontinence, pelvic floor muscle training or exercises, biofeedback, electrostimulation. We used the PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) for this systematic review. Relevant articles were selected, data were extracted, and quality was assessed. Data were extracted in predesigned form, followed by narrative synthesis. Results: Following the search, 15 RCTs were retrieved using the strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, assessing 2441 non-pregnant women with urinary incontinence. Of the 15 studies, 7 were low risk, 5 were medium risk, and 3 were high-risk studies. Of the 2441 patients, 970 were in PFMT, 69 were in extracorporeal magnetic innervation (ExMi) or with PFMT + BF, 30 were in electrostimulation (ES), 21 were in whole body vibration training (WBVT), 23 were in pelvic floor muscle + abdominal muscle therapy (PFM + AMT), 326 were in PFMT + biofeedback, 93 were in vaginal cones (VC), 362 were in PFMT + education, 318 were in education, and 229 were in control groups. The most often measures employed were pad tests, bladder diary, and questionnaire on the quality of life. Stress, urge and mixed urinary incontinence were studied. In all RCT, PFMT significantly reduced urinary incontinence, essentially SIU and MUI, when compared with the control group before and after treatment. Overall, out of 997 PFMT or PFMT + education patients, 504 patients (50.5%) showed improvement in urinary incontinence, and 218 became continent (21.8%) (negative pad test). In total, 62% of patients significantly reduced their urinary incontinence or cured it and improved their pelvic floor muscle contraction. All other physiotherapist techniques also significantly reduced urinary leakages, e.g., vaginal cones, biofeedback, ExMI, and WBVT when compared with the control group. There were no significant differences between these methods in reducing the severity of urinary incontinence. Conclusion: PFMT alone or with bio-feedback or electrostimulation was effective in reducing urinary incontinence and improving pelvic floor muscle contraction. PFMT when compared with other interventions such as bio-feedback, VC, and WBVT did not show significant differences but was superior to the control group. RCT studies with similar parameters used for measuring the outcomes need to be included.
10
Cramer, Michael, and Wolfgang Kresse. "Correction zu: Editorial PFG 5/2021." PFG – Journal of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Science 89, no. 5 (October 2021): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41064-021-00186-5.
11
Paley, Nicole. "PFMA population data." Veterinary Nurse 13, no. 3 (April 2, 2022): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/vetn.2022.13.3.152.
Анотація:
The Pet Food Manufacturers' Association (PFMA) has released its annual population data, indicating there are a record 35 million pets in the UK in 2022. Pet ownership is at a peak and 17.4 million households (62%) own a pet. In the UK there are now 13 million dogs and 12 million cats, 1.6 million indoor birds, 1.4 million domestic fowl, 1 million rabbits, 900 000 Guinea pigs, 700 000 pigeons, 600 000 hamsters, 600 000 tortoises and 600 000 horses.
12
Paley, Nicole. "PFMA population data." Veterinary Nurse 13, no. 3 (April 2, 2022): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/vetn.2022.13.3.152.
Анотація:
The Pet Food Manufacturers' Association (PFMA) has released its annual population data, indicating there are a record 35 million pets in the UK in 2022. Pet ownership is at a peak and 17.4 million households (62%) own a pet. In the UK there are now 13 million dogs and 12 million cats, 1.6 million indoor birds, 1.4 million domestic fowl, 1 million rabbits, 900 000 Guinea pigs, 700 000 pigeons, 600 000 hamsters, 600 000 tortoises and 600 000 horses.
13
Díaz-Álvarez, Lara, Laura Lorenzo-Gallego, Helena Romay-Barrero, Virginia Prieto-Gómez, María Torres-Lacomba, and Beatriz Navarro-Brazález. "Does the Contractile Capability of Pelvic Floor Muscles Improve with Knowledge Acquisition and Verbal Instructions in Healthy Women? A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 9308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159308.
Анотація:
Seventy percent of women with pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFDs) are estimated to present deficient consciousness of their pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) and poor ability to contract them. Improving the proprioception of PFMs, defined as the capacity to know the status and position of each body part, and adequately contracting them could be a protective factor to prevent the appearance of PFDs in the general female population. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of educational interventions and verbal instructions on how to contract and exercise the PFMs to improve the proprioception of the PFMs in women. A systematic search of studies published in the last 20 years until March 2022 was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, PEDro, Lilacs, and Dialnet databases. A meta-analysis could not be performed due to the heterogeneity in the types of studies and included populations. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines for the design, search, and reporting of studies. The methodological quality was analysed via the PEDro and the Newcastle–Ottawa scales in the case of randomised clinical trials and non-randomised studies, respectively, while the quality of evidence was determined using the SIGN grading system for evidence-based guidelines. Descriptive and experimental studies published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese that evaluated the contractile capability of the PFMs in healthy women or women without a previous diagnosis of PFD were included. Seven articles that included a total of 2507 women were found, three of which were clinical trials with PEDro scores between 5 and 9 points out of 10 and four of which were non-randomised studies with NOS scores between 6 and 8 points out of 10. The outcomes were measured through vaginal palpation, visual observation, questionnaires for PFD symptoms, and self-perception reports. This review discriminated between two types of intervention, educational programmes and verbal instructions, and evaluated the changes observed in PFM strength and knowledgeability and the symptoms of PFDs. The findings showed that educational interventions and verbal instructions improve the proprioception of PFMs in women of all ages that are healthy or without a previous diagnosis of PFDs as well as their knowledge about the pelvic floor, healthy lifestyle habits, and symptoms that are potentially indicative of PFDs. Further high-quality randomised clinical trials are warranted to draw definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of educational interventions to improve the proprioception of the PFMs in women considered healthy or with mild symptoms that may be indicative of PFDs.
14
Rutkowska, Anna, Silvia Salvalaggio, Sebastian Rutkowski, and Andrea Turolla. "Use of Virtual Reality-Based Therapy in Patients with Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 18, 2022): 6155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106155.
Анотація:
It is estimated that over 400 million people worldwide experience some form of urinary incontinence (UI). Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is commonly used in cases of urine loss. Game therapy (GT) has been suggested as a new conservative modality for UI treatments. GT represents a form of virtual reality (VR) that allows users to interact with elements of a simulated scenario. The purpose of this review was to assess the potential of using VR-based PFMT in the treatment of UI with a particular focus on the impact of this form of therapy on the patients’ muscle function, symptoms of UI and quality of life (QoL). The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science. Systematic review methods were based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. Electronic medical databases were searched from inception to 28 January 2021. From a total of 38 articles, 26 were analyzed after removing duplicates, then 22 records were excluded according to inclusion criteria and 4 were assessed as full texts. Finally, 2 randomized controlled trials (RCT) with 79 patients were included. For the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), the meta-analysis showed a significant difference in favor of the control condition (MD = 2.22; 95% CI 0.42, 4.01; I2 = 0%). Despite the popularity of the use of VR in rehabilitation, we found a scarcity of literature evaluating the application of VR in the field of UI therapy. Only one study matched all of the criteria established. The effects of VR training improved PFM function and QoL; however, these changes were comparable to those of traditional PFMT. It is not possible to reach final conclusions from one study; thus, further development of VR interventions in the field of UI treatments are needed.
15
Nipa, Shamima Islam, Thanyaluck Sriboonreung, Aatit Paungmali, and Chailert Phongnarisorn. "The Effects of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise Combined with Core Stability Exercise on Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence following the Treatment of Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain." Advances in Urology 2022 (September 5, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2051374.
Анотація:
Aim. To compare the combined effects of core stability exercise and pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFME) with the effects of PFME alone on women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) who experience nonspecific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP). Methods. A stratified randomized controlled trial study (RCT) was conducted with 50 women with SUI who experienced LBP, aged 18–60 years and with pad weight ≥2 grams for the one-hour pad test. The respondents were divided into two groups: the intervention group (PFME + core stability exercise) and the control group (PFME). The primary outcomes were the amount and frequency of urine leakage, which were measured using the one-hour pad test and the Bengali-ISI subjective questionnaire. A secondary outcome was quality of life (QoL), which was measured using King’s Health Questionnaire (KHQ). An ITT analysis was conducted using repeated measures ANOVA (2 × 2) with Bonferroni’s post-hoc analysis. Results/Preliminary Findings. The findings illustrated that 72% (n = 18) of the intervention and 28% (n = 7) of the control group participants showed improvement in UI after 12 weeks of intervention. In addition, the amount and frequency of urine leakage significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group ( p ≤ 0.001 ). Conclusion. The RCT-illustrated improvement of SUI in women with nonspecific chronic low back pain, reduction of frequency, and improvement of the QoL were more evident from PFME with core stability exercise than from PFME alone.
16
Makatta, Angelingis Akwilini, Faustin Peter Maganga, and Amos Enock Majule. "A Hidden Pitfall for REDD: Analysis of Power Relation in Participatory Forest Management on Whether It Is an Obstacle or a Reliever on REDD Pathway." International Journal of Forestry Research 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/959016.
Анотація:
Power relation among stakeholders is a key concept in collaborative approaches. This study aims to examine the reality of the acclaimed power sharing in Participatory Forest Management (PFM) and implication of existing power relation to the national REDD+ programme in Tanzania. The study involved a review of PFM policy and legal supporting documents; meta-analysis of previous studies done at two sites known to have succeeded in PFM; and empirical study at Kolo-Hills forests. Methods used include the meta-analysis of existing literature; Household Questionnaire Survey; Focused Group Discussion; and key person unstructured interviews. Results revealed that a large part of the PFM processes involved power struggle instead of power sharing. REDD+ pilot was perceived to have succeeded in improving PFM only in villages where the majority of the community about 70% experienced higher levels of inclusiveness and power balance with other PFM stakeholders in PFM processes. Power imbalance and power struggle were also noted in the REDD+ project adoption processes. Thus power relations exercised under PFM fall under potential obstacle rather than a reliever to the REDD+ programme. The study recommends reviewing of PFM legal frameworks to strengthen community empowerment for effectiveness of REDD+ on PFM platform.
17
De Carvalho, Magali Rezende, Francine Amaral Machado Nascimento Da Silva, and Isabelle Andrade Silveira. "Terapias alternativas para recuperação precoce da continência urinária pós-prostatectomia: revisão sistemática." Enfermería Global 17, no. 2 (March 27, 2018): 542–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.17.2.285871.
Анотація:
Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática de la evidencia sobre la eficacia de entrenamiento de los músculos del suelo pélvico (EMSP) en el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria posterior a la prostatectomía. Métodos: Una revisión sistemática realizada em Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE y LILACS en Portugués, Inglés y Español, límite de tiempo: 2005-2015. Resultados: 9 estudios examinaron la eficacia de los asociados o no con la biorretroalimentación y la estimulación eléctrica TMAP. Conclusión: El EMSP con o sin biorretroalimentación y la estimulación eléctrica pueden contribuir a la pronta recuperación de la continencia. Los pacientes con dificultad inicial de la identificación de los músculos del suelo pélvico pueden beneficiarse de sesiones de electroestimulación de biofeedback. Una mayor integración de la enfermera es posible en la atención relacionada con el pronto retorno de la continencia en pacientes post-prostatectomía mediante el establecimiento de los ejercicios de fortalecimiento del suelo pélvico y terapia conductual. Aim: To conduct a systematic review of the evidence of the effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) in the treatment of post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence. Method: Systematic review conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS in Portuguese, English and Spanish, with the time limit: 2005-2015. Results: 9 studies analyzed the effectiveness of PFMT associated or not with biofeedback (BFB) and electrical stimulation (ES). Conclusion: PFMT with or without the biofeedback and electrical stimulation may contribute to the early recovery of continence. Patients with initial difficulty of identifying the pelvic floor muscles can benefit from ES followed BFB sessions of structured PFMT. A greater participation of nurses in the care related to the early return of continence in post-prostatectomy patients is possible through the implementation of pelvic floor muscle exercises and behavioral therapy. Objetivo: Conduzir uma revisão sistemática a cerca das evidências da efetividade do Treinamento dos Músculos do Assoalho Pélvico (TMAP) no tratamento da incontinência urinária pós-prostatectomia. Método: Revisão sistemática realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE/OVID, EMBASE e LILACS nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, limite temporal: 2005-2015. Resultados: 9 estudos analisaram a efetividade do TMAP associado ou não ao biofeedback e eletroestimulação. Conclusão: TMAP associados ou não ao biofeedback e eletroestimulação podem contribuir na recuperação precoce da continência. Pacientes com dificuldade inicial de identificação dos músculos do assoalho pélvico podem se beneficiar de sessões de eletroestimulação e biofeedback. É poss
18
Jin, Jichao, and Minyuan Wang. "Effects of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Combined with Estriol on Pelvic Floor Dysfunction after Total Hysterectomy Applied in Perimenopause." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2022 (July 18, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6962542.
Анотація:
Objective. Total hysterectomy (TH) is becoming more and more common in clinical practice, and many patients suffer from postoperative complications such as pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). How to prevent and treat PFD is an important part of the current clinical work, and it is important to improve patients’ postoperative quality of life. This study was to investigate the effect of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) combined with estriol on PFD after TH in perimenopause. Methods. Totally, 95 patients who developed PFD receiving TH in our hospital between January 2020 and June 2021 were selected. They were randomly divided into a PFMT+ET (estriol therapy) group ( n = 49 ) and CT group (conventional treatment, n = 46 ). After treatment, the two groups were compared in terms of pelvic floor muscle tension (systolic pressure and resting pressure of the vagina), female sexual function index (pain, satisfaction, orgasm, sexual arousal, sexual desire, and lubrication), and the degree of PFD (persistent time of vaginal muscle contraction, 1-hour pad test, residual urine volume, and frequency of urinary incontinence). Results. After 4 months of treatment, vaginal systolic pressure and resting pressure were significantly increased in both groups, with higher levels in the PFMT+ET group. Also, the improvement in female sexual function index score and persistent time of vaginal muscle contraction was observed to be greater in the PFMT+ET group than in the CT group. Additionally, PFMT combined with estriol resulted in lower levels of urinary leakage in the 1-hour pad test, residual urine volume, and frequency of urinary incontinence. Conclusions. The postoperative intervention of PFMT combined with estriol in perimenopausal patients with TH can significantly improve vaginal muscle contraction, improve the quality of sexual life, and reduce the degree of PFD, which has a good application prospect.
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Xiong, Yuankang, Qingling Zhang, Xi Chen, Anming Bao, Jieyun Zhang, and Yujuan Wang. "Large Scale Agricultural Plastic Mulch Detecting and Monitoring with Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study in Xinjiang, China." Remote Sensing 11, no. 18 (September 6, 2019): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11182088.
Анотація:
Plastic mulching has been widely practiced in crop cultivation worldwide due to its potential to significantly increase crop production. However, it also has a great impact on the regional climate and ecological environment. More importantly, it often leads to unexpected soil pollution due to fine plastic residuals. Therefore, accurately and timely monitoring of the temporal and spatial distribution of plastic mulch practice in large areas is of great interest to assess its impacts. However, existing plastic-mulched farmland (PMF) detecting efforts are limited to either small areas with high-resolution images or coarse resolution images of large areas. In this study, we examined the potential of cloud computing and multi-temporal, multi-sensor satellite images for detecting PMF in large areas. We first built the plastic-mulched farmland mapping algorithm (PFMA) rules through analyzing its spectral, temporal, and auxiliary features in remote sensing imagery with the classification and regression tree (CART). We then applied the PFMA in the dry region of Xinjiang, China, where a water resource is very scarce and thus plastic mulch has been intensively used and its usage is expected to increase significantly in the near future. The experimental results demonstrated that the PFMA reached an overall accuracy of 92.2% with a producer’s accuracy of 97.6% and a user’s accuracy of 86.7%, and the F-score was 0.914 for the PMF class. We further monitored and analyzed the dynamics of plastic mulch practiced in Xinjiang by applying the PFMA to the years 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. The general pattern of plastic mulch usage dynamic in Xinjiang during the period from 2000 to 2015 was well captured by our multi-temporal analysis.
20
gc. "PFG steigt ab 2015 um gut ein Viertel." NeuroTransmitter 25, no. 12 (December 2014): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15016-014-0867-2.
21
Wang, Xiuqi, Zhijing Sun, Tao Xu, and Guorong Fan. "Efficacy of supervised pelvic floor muscle training with a home-based biofeedback device for urinary incontinence in postpartum women: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 13, no. 4 (April 2023): e069874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069874.
Анотація:
IntroductionSupervised pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) of at least 3 months duration has been strongly recommended as a first-line treatment for women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or SUI-predominant mixed urinary incontinence (MUI), including elderly and postnatal women. However, for the treatment of SUI and MUI in postpartum women, it is currently uncertain whether supervised PFMT combined with a biofeedback device is superior to PFMT alone. Despite some supportive results, more reliable evidence is lacking.Methods and analysisThe study is designed as a multicentre assessor-blinded parallel-group randomised controlled trial comparing the efficacy of PFMT with a home-based pressure-mediated biofeedback device (intervention group) and that of at-home PFMT alone (control group) for women with new-onset SUI or SUI-predominant MUI after delivery. Five hundred eligible women from the obstetric outpatient clinics of five tertiary hospitals will be randomly allocated (1:1) and evaluated with repeated questionnaires, physical examinations and pelvic floor assessments at baseline (pretest), 3 months, 6 months and 12 months (postintervention) during the study period. Both groups will be instructed to follow the same training protocol under 3-month supervision after randomisation. The use of a biofeedback device with a self-assessment function will be added to the PFMT regime for patients in the intervention group. The primary outcome is the self-reported severity of urinary incontinence assessed through the short form of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire—Urinary Incontinence. Secondary outcomes include pelvic muscle support and strength, symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse, quality of life, sexual function, self-efficacy and adherence.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been received from the Peking Union Medical College Hospital ethics committee (JS-3192D). All results from the study will be submitted to international journals and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT05115864.
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El-Saman, A. A. M. A. "Modern Financial Tools’ Impact on Public Financial Management: The Case of Egypt." Finance: Theory and Practice 26, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2022-26-6-175-191.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study is to examine the managerial impacts of applying modern public financial management (MPFM) tools in financial reform programs on the efficiency of public financial management (PFM) in developing countries, considering the case of the Egyptian reform program implemented during 2005–2015. Applying MPFM tools could improve the efficiency of PFM in developing countries if institutional factors are available to ensure their successful implementation in reform programs. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical method to describe the managerial impact of applying MPFM tools in the financial reform experiences in developing countries. It employed a case study approach on the Egyptian reform experiment to estimate the correlation between applying modern financial tools and the managerial efficiency of PFM assessed through three elements: operational efficiency, allocative efficiency, and financial discipline. The practical study used the IBM SPSS package and MS-Excel to process the data. The results found a positive correlation between the application of modern financial tools and the rate of improvement in the efficiency of PFM in the Egyptian reform program. The study developed a specific model for a deeper understanding of the impacts of MPFM tools on the efficiency of PFM. The model highlighted a strong positive correlation between the successful application of modern PFM tools and the efficiency of PFM and underscored that the availability of the required realtime financial information about governmental revenue and more control over public spending led to achieving financial discipline.
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Wang, Xusheng, and Chenchen Feng. "Force-Electric Coupling of Nanoscale Ferroelectric Domains Based on Piezoelectric Force Microscopy (PFM)." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (May 21, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5123509.
Анотація:
Piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials are widely used in various types of microelectronics due to their excellent mechanical and electrical coupling characteristics. In recent years, piezoelectric force microscopy has developed into a powerful tool for analyzing nanoscale ferroelectric materials. However, quantitative analysis based on PFM is difficult to properly study it. This article studies the related issues of PFM quantitative analysis. First, the relationship between the effective piezoelectric coefficient and piezoelectric coefficient of different materials is analyzed from the PFM nanometer scale to analyze the force-electric coupling effect. The study found that the effective piezoelectric coefficient is closely related to the intrinsic electroelastic constant of the material. Secondly, the analysis of the nanoscale piezoelectric deformation of ferroelectric materials shows that under the conductive SPM probe, as the clustering with the probe increases, the in-plane displacement first increases and then decreases, and the out-of-plane displacement gradually decreases. Finally, the half-width region of the nanoscale ferroelectric response domain was analyzed by PFM. Taking the in-plane and out-of-plane domains of 180° and 90° domains as examples, the relationship between the response boundary domain and the tip radius was analyzed, and the results showed that whether the PFM can effectively solve the problem of detection and analysis depends on the half-width of the response boundary domain, and the resolution of the vertical PFM is higher than that of the lateral PFM.
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Brandão, Antonia Mykaele Cordeiro, Sávia Francisca Lopes Dias, Maria Gabriela Cardoso Teles Monteiro, Janaina Mayer de Oliveira Nunes, Tiago da Silva Lopes, Abrahão Fontes Baptista, Katia Nunes Sá, and Fuad Ahmad Hazime. "Feasibility of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in female urinary incontinence: randomized controlled trial." Brain Imaging and Stimulation 3 (March 18, 2024): e5381. http://dx.doi.org/10.17267/2965-3738bis.2024.e5381.
Анотація:
INTRODUCTION: Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is widely regarded as the most conservative and effective non-pharmacological treatment option for women suffering from urinary incontinence (UI). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive, non-pharmacological neuromodulation technique that has demonstrated promising results in a variety of medical conditions. However, there has been little research into the feasibility of tDCS as an adjunct therapy to PFMT in improving symptoms in women with UI. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility (recruitment and retention) of tDCS as an adjunct therapy to PFMT to relieve symptoms of female UI. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eleven female patients were randomly assigned to receive 12 non-consecutive sessions of PFMT combined with 20 minutes (2mA) of anodal (Cz) or sham tDCS for 4 weeks. Feasibility (primary outcome) was assessed through recruitment and retention rates. Secondary outcomes included four domains: (1) urinary leakage, (2) severity of incontinence, (3) impact on quality of life, and (4) symptoms and adverse events. RESULTS: Eleven patients were evaluated, and nine women completed the treatment protocol. The recruitment rate was 100%, and retention was 81.8%. Clinical results showed that anodal tDCS is viable as adjunctive therapy to PFMT protocol and may result in minimal clinically important differences (MCID) in UI symptoms. CONCLUSION: The high rate of recruitment and retention indicates that tDCS in combination with PFMT is a feasible adjunct therapy for female UI treatment. This research supports the recommendation for a full RCT, with prioritization of outcomes required for hypothesis testing.
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Kang, Chang Seok, Dae Hyun Kim, Jae Hwi Choi, Chunwoo Lee, Seong Uk Jeh, Sung Chul Kam, Jeong Seok Hwa, Jae Seog Hyun, and See Min Choi. "Pelvic floor muscle exercise with or without duloxetine for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence: A retrospective single-center study." Medicine 102, no. 32 (August 11, 2023): e34657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000034657.
Анотація:
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combined pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFME) and duloxetine treatment in the recovery from postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPUI). Participants were patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) between 2018 and 2021 and who were able to attend follow-up appointments every 3 months for at least 12 months. Continence was defined as the use of ≤1 pad per day. PPUI was compared at each follow-up period by dividing the participants into the PFME group (PFME only after RP) and the PFME + DUL group (PFME and 30 mg duloxetine daily after RP). A total of 197 patients were included. No significant differences were observed in the baseline characteristics between the 2 groups. In the PFME group (n = 127), the PPUI was 77.17%, 27.56%, 17.32%, 12.60%, and 9.45% at 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months, respectively. In the PFME + DUL group (n = 70), the PPUI was 62.50%, 17.86%, 12.50%, 8.93%, and 5.36%, respectively, at the same follow-up period. At 2 weeks, the PFME + DUL group demonstrated a better incontinence rate than the PFME group (P = .019). However, no significant differences were found in the incontinence rates between the 2 groups at each follow-up period after 3 months. Compared to PFME monotherapy, the combination therapy of PFME and duloxetine has short-term effectiveness in improving PPUI, but it does not have a significant long-term impact. Therefore, for early recovery from PPUI, duloxetine should be administered for a short period during PFME.
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Elbandrawy, Asmaa M., Sara G. Mahmoud, Mohamed F. AboElinin, and Amel M. Yousef. "Effect of Aerobic Walking Exercise on Stress Urinary Incontinence in Postmenopausal Women." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 30, no. 1 (2022): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2021-0022.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of aerobic walking exercise on stress urinary incontinence (SUI) among postmenopausal women. Thirty females diagnosed with SUI participated in the research. Participants were assigned randomly into two groups: The usual care group (UC) and the UC plus aerobic walking exercise (TMT) group. The UC group performed pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training only, while the TMT group performed PFM training in addition to aerobic exercise. Myomed biofeedback was used to assess the PFM strength both before and after a 12-week period. The Revised Urinary Incontinence Scale was utilized to assess changes in incontinence severity symptoms after intervention. Findings revealed a significant increase in PFM strength in both UC and TMT groups (p = .011 and p = .010, respectively) and a significant reduction in their Revised Urinary Incontinence Scale (p = .011 and p = .001, respectively) after the end of the 12 weeks of the training program. In addition, there was a more significant increase in PFM strength in the TMT group than in the UC group (p = .010) and a more significant decrease in Revised Urinary Incontinence Scale (p = .011) after 12 weeks of the training program. This study concluded that aerobic walking exercise with PFM training is more effective than PFM training only in increasing PFM strength and improving symptoms of SUI in postmenopausal women with SUI.
27
Koam, Ali N. A., Muhammad Akram, Ghulam Muhammad, and Nawab Hussain. "LU Decomposition Scheme for Solving m-Polar Fuzzy System of Linear Equations." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (September 23, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8384593.
Анотація:
This paper presents a new scheme for solving m-polar fuzzy system of linear equations (m-PFSLEs) by using LU decomposition method. We assume the coefficient matrix of the system is symmetric positive definite, and we discuss this point in detail with some numerical examples. Furthermore, we investigate the inconsistent m×nm-polar fuzzy matrix equation (m-PFME) and find the least square solution (LSS) of this system by using generalized inverse matrix theory. Moreover, we discuss the strong solution of m-polar fuzzy LSS of the inconsistent m-PFME. In the end, we present a numerical example to illustrate our approach.
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Espiño-Albela, Andrea, Carla Castaño-García, Esther Díaz-Mohedo, and Alfonso Javier Ibáñez-Vera. "Effects of Pelvic-Floor Muscle Training in Patients with Pelvic Organ Prolapse Approached with Surgery vs. Conservative Treatment: A Systematic Review." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12050806.
Анотація:
The aim of this systematic review was to explore the effectiveness of pelvic-floor muscle training (PFMT) in the treatment of women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) who had undergone either surgery or only conservative treatment, based on a selection of randomized clinical trials (RCT). The search was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, CINAHL, and PEDro databases between April 2021 and October 2021 using the following MeSH terms or keywords: “pelvic organ prolapse”, “POP”, “pelvic floor muscle training”, “pelvic floor muscle exercise”, “kegel exercise”, and “surgery”. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. Eighteen RCTs were included in this review. The findings showed improvements in symptoms associated with POP, in pelvic-floor function, and in quality of life in women who performed a PFMT protocol. However, PFMT did not produce significant changes in sexual function, and the results of the change in POP stage were inconclusive. When viewing PFMT as a complementary treatment to surgery, no significant improvements were observed in any of the analyzed variables. In conclusion, a PFMT program is an effective way to improve the pelvic, urinary, and intestinal symptoms associated with POP; function of the pelvic floor; and quality of life. PFMT as an adjunct to surgery does not seem to provide a greater benefit than surgical treatment alone. RCTs of higher methodological quality, with a larger sample size and a longer follow-up, are needed to confirm the results.
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Matsi, Aikaterini Evangelia, Evdokia Billis, Sofia Lampropoulou, Sofia A. Xergia, Maria Tsekoura, and Konstantinos Fousekis. "The Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise with Biofeedback in Women with Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review." Applied Sciences 13, no. 23 (November 28, 2023): 12743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132312743.
Анотація:
Urinary incontinence affects approximately 200 million people worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training with biofeedback (BF) in women with urinary incontinence in comparison to PFM training alone. The primary outcome was PFM strength with secondary outcomes being the severity of incontinence, other PFM parameters, quality of life (QoL), social life, satisfaction and adherence to treatment. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 2005 to 2023 in PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched and evaluated with the PEDro scale. Nine moderate and two high methodological quality RCTs were selected. There was a statistically significant improvement in all parameters. In five studies, muscle strength and the severity of incontinence were statistically better in the BF group compared to the non-BF group. In most studies, no differences were found for QoL and social life between the groups. For adherence to treatment, the results were ambiguous. Τhe remaining variables (endurance, precontraction, function, adherence and satisfaction) had few studies to support the results. There was moderate level evidence that the group utilizing PFM exercises with BF showed significant improvements in the management of urinary incontinence. Concerning muscle strength and the severity of incontinence, findings were inconclusive, as only in some studies the results were statistically better in the BF group compared to the non-BF group.
30
Zhang, Shibo, Zhenqing Xia, Guixin Zhang, Jingxuan Bai, Mengke Wu, and Haidong Lu. "Optimized Farmland Mulching Improves Rainfed Maize Productivity by Regulating Soil Temperature and Phenology on the Loess Plateau in China." Agronomy 13, no. 11 (November 10, 2023): 2790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13112790.
Анотація:
Owing to global warming, continuously increasing the grain yield of rainfed maize is challenging on the Loess Plateau in China. Plastic film mulching has been extensively utilized in dryland agriculture on the Loess Plateau. However, higher topsoil temperatures under film mulch caused rainfed-maize premature senescence and yield loss. Here, we aimed to explore the influence of topsoil temperature driven by novel double mulching patterns on rainfed maize productivity based on the excellent moisture conservation function of plastic film. A maize field experiment was conducted in two different areas, namely Changwu, a typical semi-arid area, and Yangling, a dry semi-humid area. The experiment followed a randomized block design with three replications. Five flat-planting practices were examined in 2021 and 2022: (1) bare land (CK), (2) transparent film mulching (PFM), (3) black film mulching (BFM), (4) double mulching of PFM with a black polyethylene net (PFM + BN), and (5) double mulching of PFM with whole maize stalks (PFM + ST). Soil hydrothermal conditions, maize growth dynamics, grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and economic returns were quantified under different mulching practices. Under double mulching treatments, topsoil temperatures were lower than PFM by 1.7–2.0 °C at the two sites (p < 0.05), whereas BFM was slightly lower than that of PFM by 0.6–0.7 °C at Yangling (p > 0.05). The average growth period for maize under double mulching was longer than that under PFM by 8–11 days at the two sites. Double mulching treatments significantly improved the leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll relative content (SPAD), and aboveground biomass compared to CK and PFM during the late growth stage. Compared with PFM, average grain yield increased by 14.93%, 18.46%, and 16.45% in Changwu (p < 0.05) under BFM, PFM + BN, and PFM + ST, respectively, and by 2.71%, 24.55%, and 20.38% in Yangling. The corresponding WUEs also increased. Additionally, net income under BFM was higher than that under other treatments, and there were no significant (p > 0.05) differences between PFM + ST and BFM in Changwu. However, PFM + ST in net income averaged 10.72–52.22% higher than other treatments, and its output value was 19.51% higher in Yangling. In summary, smallholder farmers can adopt PFM + ST to improve rainfed-maize productivity in the Loess Plateau in China.
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Bang, Oh Young. "Coronavirus disease in 2020 and Precision and Future Medicine." Precision and Future Medicine 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23838/pfm.2020.00135.
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Shoua, Basel, Mahta Mahmoudieh, Aaron James Scott, Jerrelee Hollings, Rachna T. Shroff, and Ali McBride. "Evaluation of febrile neutropenia and myelosuppression in patients receiving FOLFOX/FOLFIRI in gastrointestinal cancer treated with same-day (SD) pegfilgrastim/pegfilgrastim-CBQV (PFG)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2021): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.39.28_suppl.311.
Анотація:
311 Background: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines and the manufacturers of PFG recommend administration at least 24 hours after chemotherapy (CTX). Administering SD PFG carries the potential risk for exacerbation of neutropenia based on analyses in lymphoma and breast cancer regimens; however, little data exists on infusional fluorouracil and SD PFG administration. The availability of biosimilar PFG and increased utilization of growth factors during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in practice for SD PFG administration. This study explored the incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) and myelosuppression with FOLFOX and FOLFIRI regimens in Gastrointestinal malignancies (GI) to address the safety of SD utilization of PFG. Methods: Patient data was extracted through electronic health records search of ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes for GI malignancies and treated with FOLFOX or FOLFIRI-based regimens from November 2013 to May 2021. SD administration was defined as administration of PFG within 15 minutes after fluorouracil pump disconnect. The primary endpoint of our study was to evaluate the incidence of FN across all CTX cycles for up to four cycles, in SD PFG administration. Secondary outcomes included chemotherapy induced neutropenia (CIN), hospitalizations, and CTX dose reduction or delay. Results: Three hundred and thirty-nine patient charts were reviewed with 55 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. In our study cohort, 72.7% received FOLFOX and 27.2% received FOLFIRI-based regimens. Out of all 194 CTX cycles, 136 (70.1%) cycles received pegfilgrastim and 58 cycles received pegfilgrastim-cbqv (29.9%). Two patients had grade 3/4 CIN (1%), with both cases resulting in FN (1%). Both FN cases resulted in hospitalizations, and dose delays or reductions. Investigation of FN incidences revealed that both patients received CTX with active infections, one case with a urinary tract infection and the other with a chronic gangrene infection. Conclusions: Our study results suggest that SD administration of PFG can be as a safe and effective alternative to 24-hour post-chemotherapy administration in patients receiving FOLFOX or FOLFIRI-based regimens. The incidence of FN was noted to be minimal in our study. Furthermore, no noted increase in myelosuppression was seen in our analysis, as compared to previous studies in breast cancer and lymphoma-based regimens. SD administration not only minimizes travel burdens on long-distance patients but also has allowed for reduction in infusion appointments and therefore possible exposure to the SARS-COV2 virus during the 2020-2021 pandemic. Future prospective studies are warranted in order to elucidate the risk of FN and myelosuppression in patients undergoing chemotherapy for GI malignancies with SD PFG administration.
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Rothschild, Claire W., Alhaji Bulama, Roselyn Odeh, Salome Chika-Igbokwe, Julius Njogu, Katherine Tumlinson, and Abednego Musau. "Preference-aligned fertility management among married adolescent girls in Northern Nigeria: assessing a new measure of contraceptive autonomy." BMJ Global Health 9, no. 5 (May 2024): e013902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013902.
Анотація:
IntroductionUniversal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare—including family planning (FP)—is a global priority, yet there is no standard outcome measure to evaluate rights-based FP programme performance at the regional, national or global levels.MethodsWe collected a modified version of preference-aligned fertility management (PFM), a newly proposed rights-based FP outcome measure which we operationalised as concordance between an individual’s desired and actual current contraceptive use. We also constructed a modified version (satisfaction-adjusted PFM) that reclassified current contraceptive users who wanted to use contraception but who were dissatisfied with their method as not having PFM. Our analysis used data collected 3.5 months after contraceptive method initiation within an ongoing prospective cohort of married adolescent girls aged 15–19 years in Northern Nigeria. We described and compared prevalence of contraceptive use and PFM in this population.ResultsNinety-seven per cent (n=1020/1056) of respondents were practising PFM 3.5 months after initiating modern contraception, while 93% (n=986/1056) were practising satisfaction-adjusted PFM. Among participants not practising satisfaction-adjusted PFM (n=70), most were using contraception but did not want to be (n=30/70, 43%) or wanted to use contraception but were dissatisfied with their method (n=34/70, 49%), while the remaining 9% (n=6/70) wanted but were not currently using contraception.ConclusionPFM captured meaningful discordance between contraceptive use desires and behaviours in this cohort of married Nigerian adolescent girls. Observed discordance in both directions provides actionable insights for intervention. PFM is a promising rights-focused FP outcome measure that warrants future field-testing in programmatic and population-based research.
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Aaboudech, Taha Yassine, Kaoutar Znati, Ahmed Jahid, Zakiya Bernoussi, and Fouad Zouaidia. "Esophageal Plexiform Fibromyxoma: An Extremely Rare Localization." Saudi Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 8, no. 11 (November 16, 2023): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjpm.2023.v08i11.002.
Анотація:
Plexiform fibromyxoma (PFM) is a rare gastrointestinal tumor, primarily found in the stomach. Esophageal PFM is exceptionally rare. We describe a case of a mid-20s woman with respiratory and swallowing difficulties, revealing a 105x65 mm upper thoracic esophageal submucosal tumor during endoscopy. Biopsy lacked histological evidence of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Post-tumor removal histopathology showed a spindle tumor with plexiform architecture and myxoid-vascular stroma. Immunohistochemistry revealed vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression, while desmin, c-kit, DOG1, and CD34 were absent, confirming PFM. No recurrence or metastasis appeared during a 6-month follow-up. This case underscores the extreme rarity of esophageal PFM, emphasizing the need for precise diagnostic tools to navigate challenging differential diagnosis.
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Nokar, Kimia, Faezeh Atri, and Saied Nokar. "Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Implant Crown Materials on Implant Components and Bone Stress Distribution: A 3D Finite Element Analysis." International Journal of Dentistry 2023 (December 14, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1896475.
Анотація:
Background. Choosing implant crown materials for restoration remains challenging in clinical practice. This study assesses the impact of all-ceramic restoration instead of porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) restoration on the stress distribution within implant components and the surrounding bone. Methods. Four 3D models of a mandibular second premolar were meticulously prepared. The study groups comprised zirconia, lithium disilicate, and zirconia lithium silicate monolithic ceramic crowns cemented onto a zirconia hybrid abutment. A PFM crown cemented onto a cementable abutment was chosen as the control group. A total vertical load of 583 N was applied to the occlusal contact areas. Stress distribution within the crown and implant components was analyzed using von Mises stress analysis. Principal stress analyses were employed to assess stress distribution in the peripheral bone. Results. The PFM model exhibited the highest von Mises stress values for both the implant (428.7 MPa) and crown (79.7 MPa) compared to the other models. The all-ceramic models displayed the highest maximum von Mises stress within the abutment, approximately 335 MPa, compared to the PFM model. von Mises stresses of the abutment and implant in the all-ceramic models were 69% higher and 20% lower, respectively, than those in the PFM model. Screw stresses were relatively consistent across all groups. Principal stresses in spongy bone and minimum principal stress in cortical bone were consistent across all models. Conclusions. All-ceramic restoration with a hybrid abutment, as opposed to traditional PFM restoration with a cementable abutment, does not adversely affect the implant and abutment screw and reduces crown stresses. Stresses within hybrid abutments were notably higher than those within cementable abutments. Spongy bone stresses remained unaffected by the type of crown or abutment.
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Sidik, Sherina Mohd, Aida Jaffar, Chai Nien Foo, Noor Azimah Muhammad, Rosliza Abdul Manaf, Siti Irma Fadhilah Ismail, Parwathi Alagirisamy, Amalina Farhi Ahmad Fazlah, Zailiza Suli, and Felicity Goodyear-Smith. "KEPT-app trial: a pragmatic, single-blind, parallel, cluster-randomised effectiveness study of pelvic floor muscle training among incontinent pregnant women: study protocol." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e039076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039076.
Анотація:
IntroductionPelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) strongly recommended to incontinent pregnant women. The Kegel Exercise Pregnancy Training-app trial is a multicentre cluster-randomised study aims to assess the effectiveness and its cost-effectiveness of the mobile app guidance in PFMT among incontinent pregnant women.Methods and analysis370 pregnant women (aged 18 years old and above) will be recruited with International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence-Short Form. Ten clusters (primary care clinics) will be randomly assigned to either PFMT or usual care in a 1:1 ratio by an independent researcher (sealed envelope). The primary outcome will be urinary incontinence, and the secondary outcomes (quality of life; PFMT adherence, psychological status and mobile apps’ usability) will be assessed at four measurement time points (t0: baseline) and postintervention (t1: 4 weeks, t2: 8 weeks and t3: 8 weeks postnatal). T-test analysis will determine any significant differences at the baseline between the control and intervention groups. The mixed-model analysis will determine the effectiveness of the intervention at the population-average level for both the primary and secondary outcomes. For the cost-effectiveness analysis, expenditures during the study and 6 months after the intervention will be compared between the groups using the multiway sensitivity analysis. The recruitment planned will be in December 2020, and the planned end of the study will be in August 2021.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects, Universiti Putra Malaysia (JKEUPM-2019–368) and Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC), Ministry of Health Malaysia, NMRR-19-412-47116 (IIR) with the ANZCTR registration. This study will obtain informed written consent from all the study participants. The results which conform with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and the Recommendations for Interventional Trials will be published for dissemination in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings.Trial registration numberACTRN12619000379112.
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Seiwald, Johann, and Tobias Polzer. "Reflections on the Austrian COVID-19 budgetary emergency measures and their potential to reconfigure the public financial management system." Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 32, no. 5 (September 22, 2020): 855–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-07-2020-0103.
Анотація:
PurposeCrises constitute stress tests for public sectors, with public financial management (PFM) systems having to respond to emergency needs. In this study, the authors analyze (1) what elements of the Austrian PFM system have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) what mechanisms have been applied to close identified gaps in the PFM system and to ensure alignment with budget principles. The authors then reflect on these PFM measures.Design/methodology/approachThe research departs from the pre-crisis configuration of the Austrian PFM system. Making use of a data triangulation strategy, the paper analyses draft laws and regulations with corresponding explanatory notes and impact assessments, transcripts from debates in the federal Parliament and articles and commentaries issued by various stakeholders.FindingsThe analysis of five areas relevant to the reconfiguration of the Austrian PFM system shows that the pandemic has caused an external shock, but at the same time, the current system has not been challenged in substance and has been utilized to react to the pandemic—resulting in (ad hoc) modifications. The system has proved robust and crisis responsive; however, in a reactive pattern, emerging ad hoc elements have been integrated, with a number of defensive mechanisms ensuring compliance with budget principles. In addition, in some areas, more proactive actions have been taken for closing system gaps (e.g. risk disclosure).Originality/valueThe authors evaluate the likelihood of (proposed, decided and implemented) emerging elements or revisions to a PFM system being embedded into the existing PFM system, alongside reflecting on results and necessary further adjustments.
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Ptak, Magdalena, Sylwester Ciećwież, Agnieszka Brodowska, Aleksandra Szylińska, Andrzej Starczewski, and Iwona Rotter. "The Effect of Selected Exercise Programs on the Quality of Life in Women with Grade 1 Stress Urinary Incontinence and Its Relationship with Various Body Mass Indices: A Randomized Trial." BioMed Research International 2020 (July 3, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1205281.
Анотація:
Aims. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence gymnastics has on the quality of life (QOL) in women with grade 1 stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and to determine the relationship between the outcome and selected body weight indices: body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Methods. A randomized study of 140 women (45-60 years) with grade 1 SUI. The subjects were randomly assigned to a 3-month training for pelvic floor muscles and a transverse abdominal muscle (PFM + TrA, n=70) or PFM alone (n=70). The QOL was determined with the questionnaire International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire–Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Quality of Life (ICIQ LUTS QOL), before and after the program. Results. Women with BMI<30 kg/m2 benefited more from the PFM + TrA program with respect to physical limitations and embarrassment domains, whereas patients with a gynoid body type (WHR<0.8) benefited more in terms of physical and social limitations, SUI-evoked emotions, severity measures, and embarrassment domains. Conclusions. After the PFM + TrA training, women with WHR<0.8 had a better QOL than those with WHR>0.8.
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Agrawal, Santosh Kumari, Tarakant Bhagat, and Ashish Shrestha. "Dental Caries in Permanent First Molar and Its Association with Carious Primary Second Molar among 6–11-Year-Old School Children in Sunsari, Nepal." International Journal of Dentistry 2023 (March 21, 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9192167.
Анотація:
The permanent first molar (PFM) plays an essential role in maintaining the dental and overall health of an individual. It is the most susceptible tooth to dental caries due to its early eruption and location near the primary second molar in the oral cavity. We assessed the clinical status of the PFM and its association with carious primary second molars among 6–11-year-old children in Sunsari, Nepal, from January 2019 to December 2021. We recorded DMFT/DMFS and dft/dfs indices of the first permanent molar and secondary primary molar. Chi-square, logistic regression, and Spearman rank correlation (rs) were used to explore the association between carious molar lesions. Of the 655 children, only 612 had all first permanent molars. The prevalence of caries was higher in the second primary molar (70.9%) than in the PFM (38.6%). In both molars, the occlusal surface was the most commonly affected surface by dental caries. A significant association ( p < 0.01 ) was found between the decayed primary second molar and the decayed PFM. A moderate but statistically significant correlation ( p < 0.01 ) was found between the occurrence of dental caries in both the molars.
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Gümüşsoy, Süreyya, Ruşen Öztürk, Oya Kavlak, İsmet Hortu, and Ahmet Özgür Yeniel. "Investigating Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in Women of Reproductive Age and Factors Affecting It." Clinical Nursing Research 30, no. 7 (March 14, 2021): 1047–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10547738211000350.
Анотація:
This descriptive study was designed to investigate the pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS) of women aged 18 to 49 years and to examine the factors that may have an effect on PFMS. The study was conducted on 258 women who visited a gynecology outpatient clinic between January 2019 and January 2020, who met the research criteria, and who agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected using the Sociodemographic Characteristics Information Form. The Modified Oxford Scale (MOS) and a perineometer were used to evaluate the PFMS of the women. The mean PFMS value measured using the perineometer was 31.56 ± 12.17 cmH2O (moderate pressure). The PFMS values were 20.00 to 29.9 cmH2O (weak pressure) and 30.00 to 39.9 cmH2O (moderate pressure) in 23.6% of the women, respectively. The PFMS values measured with MOS were of grade 3 strength (moderate pressure) in 23.6% of the women and grade 2 strength (weak pressure) in 23.3%. A statistically significant strong correlation was found between the perineometer measurement and the women’s MOS values. Moreover, a statistically significant difference was found between the PFMS values measured with the perineometer, MOS scores, and women’s age groups, educational status, marital status, employment status, income status, persistent cough, use of nicotine, alcohol and coffee consumptions, chronic constipation, history of frequent urinary tract infections, regular exercise, body mass index, history of pregnancy, mode of delivery, use of episiotomy at birth, perineal rupture at birth, use of forceps vacuum at birth, multiple pregnancies, delivery of a baby weighing ≥4,000 g, treatment during pregnancy, hysterectomy, menopause, frequency of sexual intercourse, and pain during sexual intercourse ( p < .05). We conclude that most of the women in the study had weak to moderate PFMS, that the evaluation of PFMS with the MOS positively overlapped with the perineometric measurements, and that a number of sociodemographic and obstetric variables act as risk factors that affect PFMS. The PFMS of all women should be assessed as part of their routine gynecological examinations.
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Groenendijk, Ilse M., Ulrich Mehnert, Jan Groen, Becky D. Clarkson, Jeroen R. Scheepe, and Bertil F. M. Blok. "A systematic review and activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of the central innervation of the lower urinary tract: Pelvic floor motor control and micturition." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): e0246042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246042.
Анотація:
Purpose Functional neuroimaging is a powerful and versatile tool to investigate central lower urinary tract (LUT) control. Despite the increasing body of literature there is a lack of comprehensive overviews on LUT control. Thus, we aimed to execute a coordinate based meta-analysis of all PET and fMRI evidence on descending central LUT control, i.e. pelvic floor muscle contraction (PFMC) and micturition. Materials and methods A systematic literature search of all relevant libraries was performed in August 2020. Coordinates of activity were extracted from eligible studies to perform an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) using a threshold of uncorrected p <0.001. Results 20 of 6858 identified studies, published between 1997 and 2020, were included. Twelve studies investigated PFMC (1xPET, 11xfMRI) and eight micturition (3xPET, 5xfMRI). The PFMC ALE analysis (n = 181, 133 foci) showed clusters in the primary motor cortex, supplementary motor cortex, cingulate gyrus, frontal gyrus, thalamus, supramarginal gyrus, and cerebellum. The micturition ALE analysis (n = 107, 98 foci) showed active clusters in the dorsal pons, including the pontine micturition center, the periaqueductal gray, cingulate gyrus, frontal gyrus, insula and ventral pons. Overlap of PFMC and micturition was found in the cingulate gyrus and thalamus. Conclusions For the first time the involved core brain areas of LUT motor control were determined using ALE. Furthermore, the involved brain areas for PFMC and micturition are partially distinct. Further neuroimaging studies are required to extend this ALE analysis and determine the differences between a healthy and a dysfunctional LUT. This requires standardization of protocols and task-execution.
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Pulatova, Amina, Nagima Mamedaliyeva, Gulzhakhan Omarova, Gulfairuz Urazbayeva, and Ainura Veliyeva. "Pelvic floor muscle exercises plus biofeedback versus pelvic floor muscle exercises for patients with stress urinary incontinence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." Electronic Journal of General Medicine 20, no. 5 (September 1, 2023): em520. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/13411.
Анотація:
<b>Background:</b> Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a widespread illness that mostly affects women, particularly those who have recently given birth or gone through menopause. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) plus biofeedback to PFME alone in treating SUI in female patients.<br /> <b>Methods:</b> We systemically searched six electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) from inception until February 7, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RTCs) comparing patients who had undergone PFME plus biofeedback to PFME alone. For risk of bias-2 (RoB2) assessment, we used cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Continuous data were pooled as standardized mean difference (SMD), and dichotomous data were pooled as odds ratio with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).<br /> <b>Results:</b> 15 RCTs were included, with a total of 788 patients with SUI. The overall effect estimate between PFME+BF and PFME alone groups favored the PFME+BF group in improving PFME strength (SMD=0.33, 95% CI [0.14 to 0.52], p=.0009) and did not favor either of the two groups for quality of life (SMD=-0.22, 95% CI [-0.44 to 0.00], p=0.05), leakage (SMD=-0.10, 95% CI [-0.37 to 0.17], p=0.47), pad weight test (SMD=-0.22, 95% CI [-0.44 to 0.00], p=0.05), cure rate (odd ratio [OR]=2.44, 95% CI [0.52 to 11.42, p=0.26), and social activity (SMD=0.66, 95% CI [-0.04 to 1.36], p=0.07).<br /> <b>Conclusion: </b>BF addition to PRME improves cure rate and PFME strength without affecting leakage or quality of life. Healthcare providers must consider patient safety and comfort while choosing BF devices with PFME. SUI management strategies should include BF to improve results.
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Tennfjord, Merete Kolberg, Belayneh Ayanaw Kassie, Zelalem Mengistu Gashaw, Mengstu Melkamu Asaye, Haymanot Alem Muche, Tibebu Tadesse Fenta, Kalkidan Nigussie Chala, and Karolina S. Mæland. "Pelvic Floor Disorders and Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise: A Survey on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Pregnant Women in Northwest Ethiopia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 5 (February 27, 2023): 4201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054201.
Анотація:
The purpose of the study was to investigate 1: overall knowledge of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence (UI) as well as knowledge, attitudes, and practice of pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFME); and 2: the association of these factors with parity in pregnant women in Gondar, Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study was performed in the Central Gondar zone, northwest Ethiopia between February and April 2021. The associations between parity and knowledge of POP and UI, and knowledge, attitude, and practice towards PFME were estimated using logistics regression models and presented as crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Nulliparous women were used as the reference. Adjustments were made for maternal age, antenatal care visits, and level of education. The study sample comprised 502 pregnant women: 133 nulliparous, and 369 multiparous. We found no association between parity and knowledge of POP, UI, or knowledge, attitude, and practice toward PFME. The sum score indicated poor knowledge about both POP, UI, and PFME in the study population, and poor attitude and practice of PFME. Despite a high attendance in antenatal care services, knowledge, attitude, and practice were poor, indicating a need for quality improvement of the services.
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Ball, Ian. "Reflections on public financial management in the Covid-19 pandemic." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 16, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-10-2020-0160.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reflect on competence in the management of government, with a focus on the management of public finances. I also reflect on the role public financial management (PFM) can play in addressing the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Design/methodology/approach The approach in this paper is to document my thoughts and opinions on PFM in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings Competent bureaucrats and sound finances are the key drivers of an effective PFM system that enables and encourages decisions leading to high standards of financial performance and position. Practical implications Although this is purely a personal reflection on the issue covered, it may encourage other academics and practitioners to explore the idea further in various settings across the globe. Originality/value Having devoted my academic and professional career to the field of PFM, this personal, reflective essay considers the role of PFM systems in generating information that leads to better decisions, better financial performance and position and ultimately a greater ability to absorb shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Malinina, E. V., and V. A. Dubinkin. "FLOWSTANDART PHONOPNEUMOGRAPHY QUIET BREATHING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF COMORBID CURRENT COMMUNITYACQUIRED PNEUMONIA." Marine Medicine 7, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2413-5747-2021-7-1-33-39.
Анотація:
The aim of our study was to estimate the potential of the flow about standardized panoramogram quiet breathing (PFPG SD) for the diagnosis of inflammation in patients with community-acquired pneumonia on a background of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Materials and methods: 36 healthy male volunteers aged 18 to 76 years old and 36 men with CAP on the background of COPD aged 45 to 80 years old, hospitalized in the Department of the Ministry of Defense of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and were examined. PFPG SD was performed on admission to all patients and healthy individuals.Results and discussion: Spectral criteria for acoustic diagnostics of the focus of patients with CAP on the background of COPD were developed, determined by PFPG SD. The maximum specificity for the group of healthy people was reached — 80,5%, the maximum sensitivity of detecting the focus of inflammation — 83,3%. The sensitivity of PFPG SD exceeds the sensitivity of subjective auscultation. The types of acoustic pattern and their threshold values for patients were revealed.
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Krotova, N. O., T. V. Ulitko, I. V. Kuzmin, and S. B. Petrov. "Application of the biofeedback method in the treatment of patients with urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy." Experimental and Сlinical Urology 16, no. 1 (March 25, 2023): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2023-16-1-60-67.
Анотація:
Introduction. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is the first line of treatment for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. To improve the results of PFMT the biofeedback method is used, while there is no consensus in the scientific literature regarding its effectiveness. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of PFMT and biofeedback method for restoring urinary continence in patients after radical prostatectomy. Materials and methods. 47 men with urinary incontinence developed after radical prostatectomy were under observation. Patients of the 1st group (n=24) were recommended to perform PFMT at home 3 times a day for 15 minutes for 6 months. Patients of the 2nd group (n=23) also performed PFMT at home for 6 months, but during the first month they additionally performed exercises for the pelvic muscles on the stationary hardware-software biofeedback complex Uroproctocor" once a week for 40 min. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed using the ICIQ-SF questionnaire, 1- and 24-hour pad tests and urine interruption test. Results. 1 month after the start of treatment a significant decrease in the severity of urinary incontinence was reported by 58.3% of patients in the 1st group and 82.6% of patients in the 2nd group. At the same time, patients of the 2nd group used a significantly smaller number of pads and had a higher quality of life compared to patients of the 1st group. The skill of isolated contraction of the pelvic floor muscles was acquired by 73.9% of patients of the 2nd group, and it was in them that the effectiveness of treatment turned out to be the greatest. The rest of the patients of the 2nd group continued biofeedback therapy in the mode of 1 session every 2 weeks. By the 6th month of observation, improvement was noted in 70.8% of patients of the 1st group and 91.3% of patients of the 2nd group. Conclusions. The use of the biofeedback method increases the effectiveness of PFMT in patients with urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. The biofeedback method makes it possible to teach the patient how to properly perform PFMT, which increases their effectiveness, helps to reduce the duration of treatment and improves the quality of life of patients.
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Barasa, Edwine, Lizah Nyawira, Anita Musiega, Angela Kairu, Stacey Orangi, and Benjamin Tsofa. "The autonomy of public health facilities in decentralised contexts: insights from applying a complexity lens in Kenya." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 11 (November 2022): e010260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010260.
Анотація:
The financing of public health facilities influences their performance. A key feature that defines health facility financing is the degree of financial autonomy. Understanding the factors that influence public health facility financial autonomy is pertinent to developing strategies to addressing challenges that arise from constrained autonomy. In this paper, we apply a complexity lens to draw on a body of research that we have conducted in Kenya over the past decade, from the onset of devolution reforms, to unpack the determinants of public health facility financial autonomy in a context of decentralisation and provide suggestions for pertinent considerations when designing interventions to address financial autonomy challenges. We find that the factors that affect public health facility autonomy are not only structural, but also procedural, and political and interact in complex ways. These factors include; the public finance management (PFM) laws, sense-making by actors in the health system, political interests in control over resources, subnational level PFM capacity, PFM implementation bottlenecks and broader operational autonomy. Drawing from this analysis, we recommend that efforts at resolving public health facility financial autonomy include: PFM capacity development for subnational levels of government in decentralised settings, the use of a political lens that recognises interests and seeks to align incentives in engagement and solution finding for health facility financial autonomy, the audit of PFM processes to establish and resolve implementation bottlenecks that impinge on public health facility autonomy, and the resolution of operational autonomy to as a facilitator of financial autonomy.
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Pratiwi, Dian Retno, Firda Yusniar, Ika Adelia Susanti, and Tintin Sukartini. "Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) to Reduce Urinary Incontinence Post Radical Prostatectomy in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review." Jurnal Ners 15, no. 1Sp (July 7, 2020): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v15i1sp.19003.
Анотація:
Introduction: Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is an important rehabilitative approach as it plays a crucial role in the male urinary mechanism and urinary continence as well as strength. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of PFMT in the treatment of urinary incontinence post radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer.Methods: Studies were systematically identified by searching electronic databases with the keywords “pelvic floor muscle training” AND “urinary incontinence” AND “radical prostatectomy” and consisted of 103 articles from Scopus, 60 articles from Science Direct, 34 articles from EBSCO, and 195 articles from Pro Quest. The data sources were limited to articles published from 2011 to 2020 and those published in English.Results: Fifteen studies were included in this systematic review with inclusion criteria being patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, men with urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy, types of study: Randomized Controlled Study (RCT) and protocol study, intervention: PFMT and main outcome: continence rate. Twelve of fifteen articles suggest PFMT is significantly more effective than the standard care in improving recovery of continence in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.Conclusion: PFMT is effectively carried out with a duration of 10-45 minutes per day with 10 contractions in a lying, sitting, and standing position with three sets, time of contractions 5-10 seconds and relaxation 5-10 seconds. The benefits of this review are that PFMT is suitable, well accepted and achievable for the patients who experience incontinence after radical prostatectomy.
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Lübber, F., J. Strobach, H. Heidecke, T. Lange, and G. Riemekasten. "POS1287 INFLUENCES ON FIBROMYALGIA AND AUTOANTIBODIES DIRECTED TO NEURO- AND VASOREGULATORY MOLECULES NEED TO BE CONSIDERED IN BIOMARKER RESEARCH." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 981.1–981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.3332.
Анотація:
BackgroundFibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is often present in autoimmune diseases but can also occur in its primary form. Biomarkers for FMS are currently missing. Systemic chronic inflammation, dysautonomia and metabolic dysfunction have been suggested to contribute to the disease. Recent studies indicate that FMS involves autoantibodies (abs), which bind to neurons, macrophages and endothelial cells.ObjectivesIn the present study, we aimed to delineate changes in natural abs directed to neuro- and vasoregulatory molecules and potentially confounding factors, which could influence these abs and disease state.MethodsSera from 91 patients with primary FMS (pFMS), 24 patients with secondary FMS (sFMS) and 31 healthy controls (HC) were analysed for the presence of 27 different natural abs directed to e.g., cholinergic, opioid, cannabinoid, endothelin or complement receptors or angiotensin system molecules by individual ELISAs (CellTrend GmbH, Luckenwalde, Germany). All participants were characterized by several questionnaires to obtain demographic data and measures of disease state (using the Widespread Pain Index (WPI) and Symptom Severity Score (SSS)). Linear regression on log-transformed ab levels adjusted for potential confounders was used to compare ab levels between groups. Random forest analysis was applied to differentiate between pFMS and HC by measuring the Area Under the Curve Receiver operating characteristics (AUC-ROC).ResultsCompared to HC, patients with pFMS showed increased levels of abs directed to ACE II, the angiotensin receptor type-2 (AT2R), the cannabinoid receptor type 1 and 2 (Can1-R, Can2-R), the endothelin receptor type-B (ETBR), the opioid receptor κ (Op-k-R) and lower levels against the complement receptor 5a (C5a-R) and the muscarinergic acetylcholine receptor type 3 (M3)(Figure 1). After adjustment for age (linear and squared) and sex, differences in the ab levels remain significant for abs against ACE II, AT2R, ETBR and the Op-k-R. However, none of which remained significant after further adjustment for Body Mass Index (BMI). Random forest analysis of unadjusted ab levels revealed an AUC-ROC of 0.94 for pFMS compared to HC with an average accuracy of 0.85 and a kappa of 0.55. Again, after adjusting the ab levels for age, sex and the BMI, AUC-ROC to discriminate HC from pFMS patients decreased to 0.73 (accuracy = 0.79, kappa = 0.33).Figure 1.Boxplots of logarithmized abs levels between groups. *: p < .05 in unadjusted analysis and after adjusting for age and sex, ~: p < .05 only significant after adjusting for age and sex, +: p < .05 only in unadjusted analysis (all FDR-corrected within group comparisons across abs). Unadjusted Adjusted for age, sex and BMIConclusionAbs might be potential biomarkers for pFMS. However, these results highlight the important role of correct covariate adjustment for research on biomarkers supposed to classify FMS or other diseases. In FMS, increase in BMI might be a cause or a consequence of FMS and it is also unknown how BMI and abs influence each other. Thus, BMI might or might not be a confounder so that adjusting for BMI might be correct or incorrect. However, these abs could provide a link to understand how acquired conditions interact with the immune system.References[1]Goebel A et al. Passive transfer of fibromyalgia symptoms from patients to mice. J Clin Invest. 2021 Jul 1;131(13):e144201.[2]Cabral-Marques O et al. GPCR-specific autoantibody signatures are associated with physiological and pathological immune homeostasis. Nat Commun. 2018 Dec 6;9(1):5224.Figure 2.AUC ROC as detected by random forest analysis in pFMS patients versus HC for unadjusted ab levels as well as for ab levels adjusted for age, sex, and BMI.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Lo, Yu-Chieh, Ting-Han Tai, Yu-Min Huang, and Chih-Yu Chen. "Intramedullary Screw versus Locking Plate Fixation for Traumatic Displaced Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Fractures: A Systematic Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 13 (July 5, 2024): 3952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133952.
Анотація:
Background/Objectives: Intramedullary screw fixation (IMS) and locking plate fixation (LPF) are currently recommended treatments for proximal fifth metatarsal fractures (PFMF). However, treating comminuted or small displaced avulsion PFMF with IMS poses challenges due to complications. A novel alternative fixation method, the locking compression plate for distal ulna hook plate fixation (LPF), has been introduced recently for distal ulna fractures and has shown improved clinical results. This scoping review aims to assess whether LPF yields superior outcomes, such as postoperative AOFAS scores and rate of postoperative complications, compared to IMS in PFMF treatment. Methods: This review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective cohort studies, retrospective cohort studies, or case series involving patients with PFMF who underwent plate fixation or screw fixation. The primary outcome was the postoperative American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. Studies were sourced from databases including PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, with the search conducted up to February 2024. The Systematic Review protocol was registered in the CRD PROSPERO database (CRD42024532593). Results: Ten studies were included, comprising 3 cohort studies, 1 case–control study, and 6 case series, with a total of 309 patients (158 with LPF and 142 with IMS). The postoperative AOFAS scores showed no significant difference between LPF and IMS in treating PFMF. However, LPF demonstrated efficient surgical procedures and enhanced functional outcomes. Complications were minimal in both groups, with no significant difference in the rate of postoperative complications. Conclusions: Although there was no significant difference in AOFAS scores between LPF and IMS, LPF demonstrated efficient surgical procedures and enhanced functional outcomes, making it a reasonable alternative method for PFMF. Effective shared decision-making (SDM) with patients becomes paramount in choosing the optimal surgical approach. In the surgical landscape, thoughtful deliberation, patient engagement, and adherence to biomechanical principles are crucial for achieving successful outcomes in the treatment of PFMF.