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Дисертації з теми "Pétrologie structurale – Simulation, Méthodes de":
Schuh-Senlis, Melchior. "Using Stokes flow equations for the geomechanical restoration of geological structural models." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0064.
In order to study the subsurface, one must first understand its deformation through time. As the available data coverage is not sufficient to determine these deformations precisely, geologists make hypotheses to link them depending on their knowledge. This allows them to create structural models, which can be seen as the sum of all the data and knowledge on a specific area. Structural restoration was developped to try and make a model go back in time. The advantages are dual: first, it allows the validation of the structural model by checking if the restored model has a reasonable geometry. Second, the history and retro-deformation of the rock layers can be studied from the path they take during the restoration process (which also allows checking the hypotheses that were made on the history of the area). In the context of faulted and folded sedimentary basins, mechanics have been incorporated in the restoration process to compute the deformation of the rock layers inside the models, but the time reversal is still driven mainly by geometric conditions. In the context of basins incorporating salt tectonics, creeping flow restoration was developped by considering the rocks as highly viscous fluids, but neglects faults and non-flat topography. The main contribution of this thesis is to provide an approach to add more physical conditions to the restoration of faulted sedimentary basins. This approach relies on mechanical simulations of the subsurface. The rock layers are treated as highly viscous fluids, and the restoration is driven by a negative time-step advection. The faults are considered as shear zones with an effective viscosity lower than the surrounding sediments. This methods allowed the restoration of several simplified models of the subsurface. The second contribution of this thesis is an assessment of the choice of the parameters for the restoration simulations. This assessment is based on the restoration of a laboratory analogue model. The boundary conditions are first studied, to determine how to provide an adequate choice of conditions that still allow the restoration of the model. The material properties and their influence are then looked upon, to determine the effective parameters that are closest to those of the rocks inside the model. These contributions offer a new perspective on how to add more physical conditions to the geomechanical restoration of structural models of the subsurface
Chaibi, Yasmina. "Adaptation des méthodes de reconstruction 3D rapides par stéréoradiographie : Modélisation du membre inférieur et calcul des indices cliniques en présence de déformation structurale." Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENAM0013.
The Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid state welding process, without melting. The weld is fabricated thanks to the action of tool made of a shoulder and a pin, positioned at the interface of the two pieces to be welded. The tool as two roles : heating of the material by friction of the shoulder, mixing of the material due to the pin. This thesis work is made within the partnership between Arts et Métiers ParisTech and Institut de Soudure. Its goal is to develop a FSW simulation model in order to decrease experimental trials required to optimize the process. Therefore, some points have been treated in this manuscript. Experimental analysis of thermal cycles and material movements in the case of unthreaded tools has been carried out. This situation allows (1) to make the comparison with numerical simulation easier and (2) to be in the case of worn tools. Formulations (lagrangian, eulerian, ALE) analysis in order to choose the more appropriate to take material flow into account has allowed to select an eulerian formulation (implemented in the FLUENT software) to estimate thermal and kinematical fields in the steady state. The set up of the numerical model in the FLUENT software is presented. We have studied the influence of numerical parameters on the results and proposed an identification strategy for some parameters which are not reachable experimentally. A detailed comparison between our experimental results and the ones from our simulations have been performed with success. The study of the influence of the process parameters (feed rate, rotating speed) and of the pin geometry on the kinematical and thermal fields has highlighted the link between velocity field and the presence of tunnel type defects
Lilensten, Lola. "Etudes structurale et mécanique d'alliages réfractaires de haute entropie de configuration." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1132.
High entropy alloys (HEA) are a new promising type of materials. Breaking with the traditional alloying concepts, solid solution(s) based on 5 elements in equiatomic concentration with simple crystal structures are obtained. In this study, the equiatomic composition TiZrNbHfTa is investigated, in order to provide an in-depth characterization of a “reference” body centered cubic refractory HEA.First, the microstructure and structure of the alloy are studied. Thermomechanical treatments procedures are established to access recrystallized microstructures. The local environment is studied by EXAFS in sub-components of the TiZrNbHfTa system. The double approach used, based on EXAFS fit and reverse Monte-Carlo coupled with evolutionary algorithm allowed to quantify both the mixing of the elements at the atomic scale and the lattice distortion. For all the investigated compositions, good mixing is achieved, and the distance distribution of first nearest neighbors becomes less precise with increasing atomic size mismatch.Then, the impact of such concentrated multi-element solid solution on the mechanical properties and the deformation mechanism of the material is investigated by specific tests. The activation volumes and the flow stress partition are extracted. The mechanical results are coupled with a TEM study. This part evidences that the alloy displays an impressive yield strength. However, the high lattice friction controlling the dislocation glide does not differ from classical bcc structures, leading to a rather low work hardening. A new design approach aiming at increasing the work-hardening in such materials is finally proposed, and a proof of concept is given
Rouby, Delphine. "Restauration numérique des domaines failles en extension : Méthode et applications." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10132.
Bergeron, Carl. "Modélisation du chablis en pessières régulières et irrégulières : effet de la diversité structurale des pessières noires boréales sur la résistance et la susceptibilité au chablis." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24356/24356.pdf.
Works aimed to evaluate windthrow resistance and susceptibility for black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stands of regular and irregular structure are presented here. Performed tree pulling works permitted to evaluate the critical bending moment in order to quantify the resistance of trees to overturning and stem breakage. Different models where fitted to the data. The critical bending moment is function of stem weight in all cases and influenced by the structure type or the height:diameter ratio in some cases. These results on mechanical resistance, along with crown modelling results and other adjustments, were used in an adaptation of the ForestGALES model in order to quantify windthrow susceptibility. Susceptibility appears to be quite variable between compared stands, both between and within structure types, but average tree spacing and height:diameter ratio explain most of the observed variability.
Leroy, Michel. "Expérimentation et modélisation du comportement mécanique de structures marines collées et aéronautiques collées-boulonnées." Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0107.
Adhesive bonding is a way to design optimal structures because it allows the use of various materials for each part to join. Bonding can also be combined with another assembly technique, to sum their advantages. The issue of pairing materials and assembly techniques is, in our naval and aircraft application cases, a gain in weight and in fabric cost. The materials used are of various types: wood, composite, aluminium alloy, polyurethane and polysulfide adhesives. The naval case aims at classifying geometries of bulkhead / boat hull in terms of stiffness and strength. The aircraft study aims at understanding the mechanisms involved in a hybrid (bolted and bonded) assembly, and to simulate its deformation in tensile loading. The adopted approach is to go through successively from the basic scale to the industrial structure model by tests and computation loops, validating models by tests on increasing complexity specimens. For the polyurethane adhesive, basic characterizations have revealed its viscouselastic‐plastic behaviour and, by means of the multiaxial solicitation device Arcan‐Mines, the hydrostatic pressure influence on the plasticity surface. The constitutive law developed to represent these effects includes an original model of viscoelasticity and a modified Drucker‐Prager criterion. The latter, along with computational rules, is proposed as a criterion for resistance comparison between geometries. In the hybrid assembly case, it has been determined that the polysulfide adhesive used has a structural role: it significantly increases the joint stiffness in comparison with a simply bolted joint. A finite element method simulation can reproduce the elastic phase of deformation up to the structure's qualification load level in fatigue. All this work has provided elements of justification and choice to our partner's research offices for the design of their joints
Leroy, Michel. "Expérimentation et modélisation du comportement mécanique de structures marines collées et aéronautiques collées-boulonnées." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00732181.
Gulenko, Anastasia. "Etude structurale du verre de TeO₂ et de la variété désordonnée TeO₂-δ par dynamique moléculaire". Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0013/document.
This work aims to improve the structural description of the pure TeO2 glass and to give a deep insight into the structure of the disordered δ-TeO2 phase by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.We derived simple but nontrivial interatomic potentials (IAPs), which take into account the polarisability of tellurium and oxygen atoms using the core-shell model. We demonstrated the important role of the electronic lone pair of the tellurium atoms in the formation of asymmetrical TeOx units. The accurate IAPs is able to reproduce 17 crystalline TeO2-based structures and are appropriate for MD simulations of disordered systems.The MD simulations of the pure glass and δ-TeO2 phase structures were carried out. It was demonstrated that the TeO2-glass consists of mainly TeO3 and TeO4 structural units and a large number of non-bridging oxygen (NBO) atoms is observed. The coordination number of the tellurium atoms in the glass is less than in the pure crystalline structures.In the δ-TeO2 phase, the tellurium atoms form a well-defined crystalline (FCC) lattice and the oxygen atoms exhibit a large positional disorder. This phase has a structural units distribution and a tellurium coordination number and a proportion of NBO atoms similar to those of the glass. Hence, the structure of δ-TeO2 is closer to that of glass than to the structures of other pure TeO2 crystalline polymorphs
Sirugue, Léa. "Conception et développement d’une méthode de comparaison de surfaces appliquée aux protéines." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC042.
Protein interactions play a crucial role in the living processes such as cell communication, immunity, cell growth, proliferation and death. These interactions occur through the surface of proteins and the disruption of their interactions is the start of many disease processes. It is therefore necessary to understand and characterize the surface of proteins and their interactions to better understand living processes. Different methods of protein surfaces comparison have been developed in the recent years but none are powerful enough to handle all the structures currently available in databases. The PhD project is to develop rapid methods of surface comparison and apply them to the surface of macromolecules
Carpentier, Kévin. "Scénarisation personnalisée dynamique dans les environnements virtuels pour la formation." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2169/document.
This work addresses the issues of the specification of the scenario in virtual environment for training. We especially address adult lifelong training in complex domains where technical systems are difficult to apprehend and human factors are critical. Workers have to be trained to react to a wide range of situations. Virtual environment can provide this kind of training by offering them the possibility to experiment different behavior in a situation. Yet to foster learning, such environment should provide a wide range of appealing scenarios adapted to learners’ need. The design and the production of all possible scenarios and of all their adaptations is a tedious task. It requires designers to imagine and describe every possible sequence of events which leads to interesting learning situation. Such a descriptive approach conflicts with the need for a smoother production process.To tackle the authoring bottleneck, we propose the TAILOR architecture to dynamically generate sequences of learning situations in a simulation. It takes into account a learner profile and expert knowledge informed in semantic models. We used a space of classes of situations coupled with a belief model to represent the Zone of Proximal Development of a learner. Each point of the space images the ability of the learner to handle a kind of situation. As we are essentially dealing with intra-diegetic orchestration, i.e. what is happening in the world depicted by the simulation, we propose to use expert model of the domain. We distinguished three kind of knowledge: world knowledge, activity knowledge and causality knowledge. They are used at runtime to procedurally generate a learning situation which will enlarge the Zone of Proximal Development of the learner.To this end, we design the WORLD-DL language to author scenario content for virtual environment for training in a reconfigurable, adaptable and generic way through an ontological representation. This language is used both to describe scenario objectives and to maintain a knowledge-based world state. Moreover, we operationalize structuralist view of narrative to build a story upon generated learning situation through an automated diegetization process. This process relies on abstract story model describe in the ontological metamodel DIEGETIC.This work have been implemented in the TAILOR engine used in the HUMANS platform. It was used both for aeronautic assembly virtual training and for baby sitter virtual training
Книги з теми "Pétrologie structurale – Simulation, Méthodes de":
Computational and Visualization Techniques for Structural Bioinformatics Using Chimera Chapman HallCRC Mathematical Computational Biology. CRC Press, 2013.
Частини книг з теми "Pétrologie structurale – Simulation, Méthodes de":
BOURINET, Jean-Marc. "Estimation de probabilité d’événements rares." In Ingénierie mécanique en contexte incertain, 153–222. ISTE Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9010.ch5.