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Книги з теми "Perturbation effect"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Wu, D. I. The effect of a large rotating scatterer in a rectangular cavity. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1988.

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2

Arteca, G. A. Large order perturbation theory and summation methods in quantum mechanics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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3

Gao, Yanfa. Yan shi liu bian rao dong xiao ying shi yan yan jiu: Experimental study on the perturbation effect of rock rheology. 8th ed. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she, 2007.

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4

Andrews, M. J. The effects of simulated global climate change perturbations on Arctic dwarf shrub phenology. Manchester: UMIST, 1994.

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5

Haw, Richard C. The effects of forcing on a single stream shear layer and its parent boundary layer. East Lansing, MI: College of Engineering, Michigan State University, 1990.

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6

1956-, Le Treut Hervé, ed. Climate sensitivity to radiative perturbations: Physical mechanisms and their validation : [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Climate Sensitivity to Radiative Pertubations: Physical Mechanisms and Validation" held in Paris, France, July 11-15, 1994]. New York: Springer, 1996.

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7

Sensing changes: Technologies, environments, and the everyday, 1953-2003. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2010.

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8

O, Ravera, and European Ecological Symposium (5th : 1989 : Siena, Italy), eds. Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems: Perturbation and recovery. New York: Ellis Horwood, 1991.

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9

Maggiore, Michele. Gravitational Waves. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570899.001.0001.

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A comprehensive and detailed account of the physics of gravitational waves and their role in astrophysics and cosmology. The part on astrophysical sources of gravitational waves includes chapters on GWs from supernovae, neutron stars (neutron star normal modes, CFS instability, r-modes), black-hole perturbation theory (Regge-Wheeler and Zerilli equations, Teukoslky equation for rotating BHs, quasi-normal modes) coalescing compact binaries (effective one-body formalism, numerical relativity), discovery of gravitational waves at the advanced LIGO interferometers (discoveries of GW150914, GW151226, tests of general relativity, astrophysical implications), supermassive black holes (supermassive black-hole binaries, EMRI, relevance for LISA and pulsar timing arrays). The part on gravitational waves and cosmology include discussions of FRW cosmology, cosmological perturbation theory (helicity decomposition, scalar and tensor perturbations, Bardeen variables, power spectra, transfer functions for scalar and tensor modes), the effects of GWs on the Cosmic Microwave Background (ISW effect, CMB polarization, E and B modes), inflation (amplification of vacuum fluctuations, quantum fields in curved space, generation of scalar and tensor perturbations, Mukhanov-Sasaki equation,reheating, preheating), stochastic backgrounds of cosmological origin (phase transitions, cosmic strings, alternatives to inflation, bounds on primordial GWs) and search of stochastic backgrounds with Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTA).

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10

Wilson, Stuart P. Self-organization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0005.

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Self-organization describes a dynamic in a system whereby local interactions between individuals collectively yield global order, i.e. spatial patterns unobservable in their entirety to the individuals. By this working definition, self-organization is intimately related to chaos, i.e. global order in the dynamics of deterministic systems that are locally unpredictable. A useful distinction is that a small perturbation to a chaotic system causes a large deviation in its trajectory, i.e. the butterfly effect, whereas self-organizing patterns are robust to noise and perturbation. For many, self-organization is as important to the understanding of biological processes as natural selection. For some, self-organization explains where the complex forms that compete for survival in the natural world originate from. This chapter outlines some fundamental ideas from the study of simulated self-organizing systems, before suggesting how self-organizing principles could be applied through biohybrid societies to establish new theories of living systems.

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11

Kazakov, Konstantin V. Quantum Theory of Anharmonic Effects in Molecules. Elsevier, 2012.

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12

Kazakov, Konstantin V. Quantum Theory of Anharmonic Effects in Molecules. Elsevier, 2012.

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13

Kazakov, Konstantin V. Quantum Theory of Anharmonic Effects in Molecules. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2012.

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14

Introduction of structural perturbations into drug polymers: Effect on enzyme hydrolysis. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2003.

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15

Church, Sara E. Structural effects of intrinsic and extrinsic perturbations to model membranes. 1987.

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16

Effects of Perturbations on Space Debris in Supersynchronous Storage Orbits. Storming Media, 1998.

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17

Khavandi, Kaivan, Halima Amer, Sarah Withers, and Behdad Afzali. Pleiotropic effects of vitamin D. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0127.

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Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid pro-hormone integral to physiological health, fulfilling a central role in skeletal mineralization, bone metabolism, and immune biology. Although vitamin D is synthesized photochemically in the skin and some is absorbed from dietary sources, vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are very common. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a strong association between vitamin D and kidney and heart disease, and some supplementation studies have suggested that repletion may prevent and/or ameliorate cardiorenal injury. This chapter focuses on vitamin D biology and discusses the many associations of vitamin D perturbation with diseases of humans.

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18

Effect of trial order on muscle responses to postural perturbations in humans. 1986.

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19

Effect of trial order on muscle responses to postural perturbations in humans. 1989.

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20

LeTreut, Herve. Climate Sensitivity to Radiative Perturbations: Physical Mechanisms and Their Validation. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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21

LeTreut, Herve. Climate Sensitivity to Radiative Perturbations: Physical Mechanisms and Their Validation. Springer London, Limited, 2011.

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22

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch. and George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., eds. Study of wind change for the development of loads reduction techniques for the space shuttle. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1987.

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23

Deruelle, Nathalie, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. Tests in the solar system. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0051.

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This chapter describes observable relativistic effects in the solar system. In the solar system we can, as a first approximation, neglect the gravitational field of all the stars except the Sun. In Newtonian theory, the planet trajectories are then Keplerian ellipses. Relativistic effects are weak because the dimensionless ratio characterizing them is everywhere less than GM⊙/c² R⊙≃ 2 × 10–6, and so they can be added linearly to the Newtonian perturbations due to the other planets, the non-spherical shape of celestial bodies, and so on. The chapter first describes the gravitational field of the Sun using a Schwarzschild spacetime, before moving on to look at the geodesic equation. It also discusses the bending of light, the Shapiro effect, the perihelion, post-Keplerian geodesics, and spin in a gravitational field.

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24

Rainone, Corrado. Metastable Glassy States Under External Perturbations: Monitoring the Effects of Compression and Shear-strain. Springer, 2018.

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25

Rainone, Corrado. Metastable Glassy States Under External Perturbations: Monitoring the Effects of Compression and Shear-strain. Springer, 2017.

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26

Cavalletti, Andrea, and Daniel Heller-Roazen. Vertigo. Translated by Max Matukhin. Fordham University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823298037.001.0001.

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Everyone knows what acrophobia is, and many suffer from it. Before Freud, the so-called “sciences of the mind” reserved a place of honor for vertigo in the domain of mental pathologies, attributing to it that destabilizing and intoxicating element—both attractive and repulsive—without which consciousness itself was inconceivable. Some went so far as to induce it in patients via the use of threatening rotational therapies. In a less cruel, albeit no less radical way, vertigo also staked its claim in the domain of philosophy over the course of the last two centuries. If Montaigne and Pascal could still consider it a perturbation of reason and a trick of the imagination that had to be subdued, subsequent thinkers stopped considering it an imaginative instability to be overcome in order to recognize it as part of reason’s workings: identity manifests itself as tottering, kinetic and, indeed, vertiginous. The critique of the paradigm of consciousness and of its presumed stability proceeds, with varying approaches and outcomes, via the thought of Husserl and Heidegger, as well as Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, Levinas, Jankélévitch, and Robert Klein. This book sets their theoretical articulations side by side with Hitchcock’s famous thriller Vertigo, a drama of identity and its abysses, whose contemplative rhythm was admired by Truffaut. The brilliant, never before attempted combination of a dolly and a zoom, which re-creates the effect of falling, describes that double movement of “pushing away and bringing closer” that is the habitual condition of the subject and of intersubjectivity.

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27

Meelan, Choudhari, and Langley Research Center, eds. Multiple scales approach to weakly nonparallel and curvature effects: Details for the novice. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.

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28

Meelan, Choudhari, and Langley Research Center, eds. Multiple scales approach to weakly nonparallel and curvature effects: Details for the novice. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.

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29

Blumberg, Emily A. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199938568.003.0400.

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This chapter discusses the infections in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs. Immunosuppressive medications are a mainstay of treatment for diverse immunologically mediated conditions. The impact of these medications on the risk for infection is variable and sometimes difficult to determine. Immunosuppressive agents can be divided into a heterogeneous set of classes with unique effects on the immune system; the risks for infections reflect the specific immunological perturbation associated with the medication. Currently, guidelines have been published recommending specific preventive measures to limit the likelihood that these immunosuppressive agents will be associated with infection. The chapter concludes that future study will be important to develop algorithms to define risk and specify appropriate preventive interventions.

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30

Kachelriess, Michael. Hadrons, partons and QCD. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802877.003.0018.

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This chapter first discusses the breaking of scale invariance of QCD with massless quarks by quantum corrections and explains that this effect is responsible for the bulk of hadron masses. Then the parton picture is introduced, where one replaces a hadron which is probed in a hard process by free quarks and gluons. Perturbative QCD describes via the DGLAP equations the evolution of parton distribution functions f(x,Q2) as functions of Q2, requires however as as input f(x,Q20) from measurements at a fixed scale Q0 »QCD. The total annihilation cross section e+e →hadrons is calculated and it is shown that infrared singularities due to massless gluons and quarks cancel.

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31

Deruelle, Nathalie, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. The two-body problem and radiative losses. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0055.

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This chapter begins by finding the field created by compact objects in the post-linear approximation of general relativity. The second quadrupole formula is then completely proven. Next, the chapter finds the equations of motion of the bodies in the field which they create to second order in the perturbations, assuming that their velocities are small. It shows that, to correctly describe the radiation reaction at 2.5 PN order, it will prove necessary to iterate Einstein equations a third time. This leads the discussion to the equations of motion, which generalize to order 1/c5 the EIH equations of order 1/c⁲. Finally, the chapter studies the effect of the radiation reaction force on the sources, and shows that there is an energy balance at 2.5 PN order between the energy radiated to infinity and the mechanical energy lost by the system.

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32

Thygesen, K. S., and A. Rubio. Correlated electron transport in molecular junctions. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533046.013.23.

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This article focuses on correlated electron transport in molecular junctions. More specifically, it considers how electronic correlation effects can be included in transport calculations using many-body perturbation theory within the Keldysh non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism. The article uses the GW self-energy method (G denotes the Green’s function and W is the screened interaction) which has been successfully applied to describe quasi-particle excitations in periodic solids. It begins by formulating the quantum-transport problem and introducing the non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism. It then derives an expression for the current within the NEGF formalism that holds for interactions in the central region. It also combines the GW scheme with a Wannier function basis set to study electron transport through two prototypical junctions: a benzene molecule coupled to featureless leads and a hydrogen molecule between two semi-infinite platinum chains. The results are analyzed using a generic two-level model of a molecular junction.

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33

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Guidebook for analysis of tether applications: Final report on contract RH4-394049 with the Martin Marietta Corporation. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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34

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Guidebook for analysis of tether applications. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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35

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Comparison of dynamical approximation schemes for non-linear gravitational clustering. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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36

Lenth, John W. O'Connor. The macroinvertebrate communities in Kamm Creek and Bertrand Creek: A study on the effects of habitat perturbations from agriculture and an evaluation of bioassessment indices. 1995.

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37

Chakera, Aron, William G. Herrington, and Christopher A. O’Callaghan. Disorders of acid–base balance. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0178.

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Normal metabolism results in a net acid production of approximately 1 mmol/kg day−1. Physiological pH is regulated by excretion of this acid load (as carbon dioxide) by the kidneys and the lungs. A series of buffers in the body reduces the effects of metabolic acids on body and urine pH. For acid–base disorders to occur, there must be excessive intake (or loss) of acid (or base) or, alternatively, an inability to excrete acid. For these changes to result in a substantially abnormal pH, the various buffer systems must been overwhelmed. The pH scale is logarithmic, so relatively small changes in pH signify large differences in hydrogen ion concentration. Most minor perturbations in acid–base balance are asymptomatic, as small changes in acid or base levels are rapidly controlled through consumption of buffers or through changes in respiratory rate. Alterations in renal acid excretion take some time to occur. Only when these compensatory mechanisms are overwhelmed do symptoms related to changes in pH develop. This chapter reviews the causes and consequences of acid–base disorders.

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38

Dyall, Kenneth G., and Knut Faegri. Introduction to Relativistic Quantum Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195140866.001.0001.

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This book provides an introduction to the essentials of relativistic effects in quantum chemistry, and a reference work that collects all the major developments in this field. It is designed for the graduate student and the computational chemist with a good background in nonrelativistic theory. In addition to explaining the necessary theory in detail, at a level that the non-expert and the student should readily be able to follow, the book discusses the implementation of the theory and practicalities of its use in calculations. After a brief introduction to classical relativity and electromagnetism, the Dirac equation is presented, and its symmetry, atomic solutions, and interpretation are explored. Four-component molecular methods are then developed: self-consistent field theory and the use of basis sets, double-group and time-reversal symmetry, correlation methods, molecular properties, and an overview of relativistic density functional theory. The emphases in this section are on the basics of relativistic theory and how relativistic theory differs from nonrelativistic theory. Approximate methods are treated next, starting with spin separation in the Dirac equation, and proceeding to the Foldy-Wouthuysen, Douglas-Kroll, and related transformations, Breit-Pauli and direct perturbation theory, regular approximations, matrix approximations, and pseudopotential and model potential methods. For each of these approximations, one-electron operators and many-electron methods are developed, spin-free and spin-orbit operators are presented, and the calculation of electric and magnetic properties is discussed. The treatment of spin-orbit effects with correlation rounds off the presentation of approximate methods. The book concludes with a discussion of the qualitative changes in the picture of structure and bonding that arise from the inclusion of relativity.

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39

Tiwari, Sandip. Semiconductor Physics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759867.001.0001.

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A graduate-level text, Semiconductor physics: Principles, theory and nanoscale covers the central topics of the field, together with advanced topics related to the nanoscale and to quantum confinement, and integrates the understanding of important attributes that go beyond the conventional solid-state and statistical expositions. Topics include the behavior of electrons, phonons and photons; the energy and entropic foundations; bandstructures and their calculation; the behavior at surfaces and interfaces, including those of heterostructures and their heterojunctions; deep and shallow point perturbations; scattering and transport, including mesoscale behavior, using the evolution and dynamics of classical and quantum ensembles from a probabilistic viewpoint; energy transformations; light-matter interactions; the role of causality; the connections between the quantum and the macroscale that lead to linear responses and Onsager relationships; fluctuations and their connections to dissipation, noise and other attributes; stress and strain effects in semiconductors; properties of high permittivity dielectrics; and remote interaction processes. The final chapter discusses the special consequences of the principles to the variety of properties (consequences of selection rules, for example) under quantum-confined conditions and in monolayer semiconductor systems. The text also bring together short appendices discussing transform theorems integral to this study, the nature of random processes, oscillator strength, A and B coefficients and other topics important for understanding semiconductor behavior. The text brings the study of semiconductor physics to the same level as that of the advanced texts of solid state by focusing exclusively on the equilibrium and off-equilibrium behaviors important in semiconductors.

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40

Natural Hazards and Environmental Change (Key Issues in Environmental Change). A Hodder Arnold Publication, 2002.

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41

Mason, Ian, Christopher Killburn, and Bill McGuire. Natural Hazards and Environmental Change (Key Issues in Environmental Change). A Hodder Arnold Publication, 2002.

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