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Kurniawati, Maria Eka. "Consumers’ Perception on Multiple Product Endorsements by Celebrity in Instagram Study Case." Communicare : Journal of Communication Studies 5, no. 2 (January 16, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37535/101005220184.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Internet had made important changes in economic and social life. It provides interaction and a lot of information that create connection for marketers to reach out and touch their customers especially through Social Media. For present, Instagram is the most popular social media sites in Indonesia. Instagram provide an opportunity for one of the marketing strategies by using celebrity endorser to share their visual contents. Unique post and related content can engage consumers in a personal way and affect people on an emotional level. Celebrity Endorsement according to McCracken (1989) is a transfer process of value perception of the endorser to the product and then from product to consumer. The promotion in Instagram happens in simple manner when the celebrities share post in their Instagram feed. Previous study by Tripp (1994) found that multiple product endorsements by celebrities negatively influence consumer perceptions of the endorser and the product. However, in present day, many endorsement activities come from one celebrity endorser with different kind of products posted every day. Multiple product endorsements is imminent and unavoidable otherwise company may need to compensate the celebrity with a huge amount of endorser fee to make one celebrity exclusive only for their product, yet the impact for exclusive endorser has not been proven. This study focuses on Multiple Product Endorsements by Celebrities that happen in Instagram, researcher choose Nikita Willy, Joanna Alexandra and Karin Novilda as the celebrity endorsers. Qualitative approach has been used to explore and generate understanding on consumers’ perspective toward multiple product endorsements by celebrity. Literature review revealed there were lack of study on multiple product endorsements in Instagram. Hence, interviews were done among 10 respondents of active Instagram user during May 2018 to June 2018. It was found most of respondents favor multiple product endorsements as long as the products endorsed match with the endorser image, the type of contents shared by the endorser has impact on the product endorsed and multiple product endorsements by celebrities can benefit other products promote by the endorser. In general, it can be concluded that multiple product endorsements in Instagram is acceptable and may become part of the marketing communication strategy.
Keywords: multiple product endorsement, celebrity endorsement
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Fan, Fei. "Exploratory study about audience response to product endorsements by online DIY celebrities and traditional celebrities." Young Consumers 22, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-10-2020-1224.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Celebrity endorsement is common in the marketing communications context, especially in the Asian market. Thanks to the popularity of online DIY celebrities, many marketing communications practitioners have started to involve such celebrities in brand and product endorsement strategies. However, few existing studies have compared the endorsement persuasiveness of online DIY celebrity endorsers with traditional celebrity endorsers, particularly in the Asian market. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to fill the literature gap by examining how consumers perceive and evaluate online DIY and traditional celebrity endorsers. Design/methodology/approach In-depth personal interviews were conducted with 15 interviewees with a median age of 23. They were asked to report their overall evaluations and attitudes toward online DIY celebrity endorsers and traditional celebrity endorsers, and their respective endorsement strategies. Findings Although the popularity of online DIY celebrities is growing in China, they received a lower level of appreciation from interviewees than traditional celebrities. The persuasiveness of online DIY celebrity endorsers was not as effective as that of traditional celebrity endorsers. Interviewees even held an overall negative attitude toward online DIY celebrities and their endorsements. Interviewees perceived traditional celebrity endorsers more positively, and their endorsements to be more effective, than online DIY celebrity endorsers. Research limitations/implications The small sample size may constrain any generalization to be drawn from the findings. Future studies are suggested using survey and experiment methodology to further test and compare the persuasiveness of online DIY and traditional celebrity endorsement. Practical implications We suggest communications practitioners continue to use traditional celebrities to improve overall brand image and enhance the target audience’s purchase intention as the exploratory study reveals that audiences have an overall positive experience with traditional celebrities, instead of online DIY celebrities. If online DIY celebrities are preferred in communications strategies, we suggest practitioners carefully select qualified online DIY celebrity endorsers based on image congruence between such online DIY celebrities and the product category in that audiences in the exploratory study are quite cautious when exposed to product endorsement messages from online DIY celebrities. Besides this, audiences have more confidence in product endorsement if there is a fit between online DIY celebrities’ expertise and the endorsed product type. Originality/value This is the first qualitative study on consumers’ perception of product endorsement at the level of online DIY and traditional celebrity endorsers.
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Kahalon, Rotem, Orly Bareket, Andrea C. Vial, Nora Sassenhagen, Julia C. Becker, and Nurit Shnabel. "The Madonna-Whore Dichotomy Is Associated With Patriarchy Endorsement: Evidence From Israel, the United States, and Germany." Psychology of Women Quarterly 43, no. 3 (May 2, 2019): 348–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684319843298.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The madonna-whore dichotomy denotes polarized perceptions of women as either good and chaste or as bad and promiscuous. In the present research, we examined the correlates of madonna-whore dichotomy among samples of heterosexual Israeli, U.S., and German women and heterosexual U.S. and German men. Demonstrating cross-cultural generalizability, madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement correlated with endorsement of patriarchy-supporting ideologies across samples. U.S. (but not German) men’s madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement negatively correlated with their sexual satisfaction in romantic relationships, which in turn predicted lower general relationship satisfaction. Among women, madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement did not correlate with sexual or general relationship satisfaction. These findings (a) support the feminist perspective on the madonna-whore dichotomy, which points to the role of the stereotype in policing women and limiting their sexual freedom; and (b) provide evidence that madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement can have personal costs for men. Increasing awareness to the motivations underlying the madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement and its costs can be beneficial at the social and personal levels for women and men, by providing knowledge that may help in developing focused interventions to change existing perceptions and scripts about sexuality, and perhaps foster more satisfying heterosexual relationships.
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Goode, Chris, Lucas A. Keefer, and Ludwin E. Molina. "A Compensatory Control Account of Meritocracy." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 313–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v2i1.372.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Why are people motivated to support social systems that claim to distribute resources based on hard work and effort, even when those systems seem unfair? Recent research on compensatory control shows that lowered perceptions of personal control motivate a greater endorsement of external systems (e.g., God, government) that compensate for a lack of personal control. The present studies demonstrate that U.S. citizens’ faith in a popular economic ideology, namely the belief that hard work guarantees success (i.e., meritocracy), similarly increases under conditions of decreased personal control. We found that a threat to personal control increased participants’ endorsement of meritocracy (Studies 1 and 2). Additionally, lowered perceptions of control led to increased feelings of anxiety regarding the future, but the subsequent endorsement of (Study 2) or exposure to (Study 3) meritocracy attenuated this effect. While the compensatory use of meritocracy may be a phenomenon unique to the United States of America, these studies provide important insight into the appeal and persistence of ideologies in general.
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Trakas, Marina. "The sense of mineness in personal memory: problems for the endorsement model." Estudios de Filosofía, no. 64 (July 30, 2021): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.ef.n64a08.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
What does it take for a subject to experience a personal memory as being her own? According to Fernández’ (2019) model of endorsement, this particular phenomenal quality of our memories, their “sense of mineness”, can be explained in terms of the experience of the mnemonic content as veridical. In this article, I criticize this model for two reasons: (a) the evidence that is used by Fernández to ground his theoretical proposal is dubious; and more importantly, (b) the endorsement model does not accommodate many non-pathological everyday memories that preserve their sense of mineness, but whose veridicality is explicitly denied, suspected, not automatically endorsed, or neither denied nor endorsed. Finally, I sketch two alternative explanations: one also problematic, the other one more promising, and present some normative advantages of the latter. This also displays the undesirability of the endorsement model from a normative perspective.
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Rapanta, Chrysi, and Lorenzo Cantoni. "The LinkedIn Endorsement Game: Why and How Professionals Attribute Skills to Others." Business and Professional Communication Quarterly 80, no. 4 (November 24, 2016): 443–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329490616677044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The phenomenon of endorsing people for their professional skills on LinkedIn is more and more evident, and it grows along with the expansion of this broadly used professional networking website. This article focuses on the ease with which people endorse others and also accept endorsements and the potential impact of this action on people’s knowledge authority profile. An online survey was answered by 120 professionals from all over the world. The findings reveal some considerations regarding the interrelation between the act of endorsement and how personal, rather than epistemic, its criteria are. Implications for recruiters and educators are discussed.
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Sumaktoyo, Nathanael Gratias, Victor Ottati, and Vinaya Untoro. "The Paradoxical Religiosity Effect: Religion and Politics in Indonesia and the United States." Politics and Religion 9, no. 3 (August 18, 2015): 481–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175504831500053x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractWe argue that personal religiosity and political religiosity are distinct attributes of a political candidate. Personal religiosity reflects a candidate's level of personal religious commitment and political religiosity reflects the candidate's policy regarding separating versus blending religion and politics. The paradoxical religiosity hypothesis predicts that, within a democracy, personal religiosity will increase voters' endorsement of a candidate whereas political religiosity will decrease voters' endorsement. We test this hypothesis comparatively in two experiments, one performed within a long-standing democracy containing predominantly Christian voters (the United States), and the other within a more recent democracy containing predominantly Muslim voters (Indonesia). We demonstrate the robustness of the paradoxical religiosity effect and its persistence across the two countries, suggesting that Muslim Indonesians are no less capable than Christian Americans in separating the sacred and the secular.
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Thananchaitaveechote, Anchaleeporn, Amorn Thoongsuwan, and Shayut Pavapanunkul. "The Personal Branding Model by Celebrity Endorsement in Thai Film Business." PSAKU International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12778/235108618x15452373746333.
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Ulloa, Emilio C., Lisa H. Jaycox, Grant N. Marshall, and Rebecca L. Collins. "Acculturation, Gender Stereotypes, and Attitudes About Dating Violence Among Latino Youth." Violence and Victims 19, no. 3 (June 2004): 273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.3.273.65765.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examined the relationship between personal characteristics (gender, acculturation, belief in gender stereotypes, recent dating experiences), and attitudes and knowledge about dating violence in urban Latino youth (N= 678). All participants completed self-administered surveys at school. Relative to girls, boys held more problematic (proviolence) attitudes about dating violence and reported less knowledge about dating violence and its consequences. Teens who were more traditional (less acculturated), those who endorsed gender stereotypes, and those who reported recent fearful dating experiences tended to report less knowledge about abuse and lower endorsement of nonviolent attitudes. Multivariate analyses revealed that all four personal variables predicted dating violence knowledge. By contrast, attitudes were predicted by endorsement of gender stereotypes only, or gender stereotypes and gender. Implications for dating violence interventions and future directions for research are explored.
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Williams, Richard D. "Another invasion! environmental insurance coverage claims based on the personal injury endorsement." Environmental Claims Journal 5, no. 3 (March 1993): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10406029309355077.
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Williams, Richard D. "The personal injury endorsement: An insurer reply to the misguided policyholder lawyer." Environmental Claims Journal 6, no. 1 (September 1993): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10406029309379194.
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Nugraha, Yoga Aji, Samian Samian, and Corina D. Riantoputra. "Anteseden leader endorsement: Perspektif teori identitas sosial." Jurnal Psikologi Sosial 18, no. 3 (June 6, 2020): 224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/jps.2020.22.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Salah satu kunci dari efektivitas kepemimpinan adalah bagaimana seorang pemimpin diterima dan didukung oleh bawahannya (leader endorsement). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi dukungan bawahan terhadap pemimpin berdasarkan teori identitas sosial. Artikel ini memiliki hipotesis bahwa prototipikalitas pemimpin (leader prototypicality) dan personal bases of power dari pemimpin (expert power dan referent power) memengaruhi dukungan bawahan terhadap pemimpinnya. Menggunakan online surveys kami berhasil mendapatkan partisipan sebanyak 135 karyawan dari berbagai perusahaan swasta di Indonesia. Reliabilitas masing-masing alat ukur yang digunakan berkisar antara 0,80 – 0,90. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa: (1) leader prototypicality tidak signifikan memengaruhi leader endorsement (β = .124; p < .05); (2) leaders’ expert power (β = .767; p < .01) dan leaders’ referent power (β = .363; p < .01) signifikan memengaruhi leader endorsement. Faktor tersebut mampu memprediksi varian leader endorsement sebesar 78,3%, F(3.94) = 56.706, p < .01. Temuan penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap perkembangan teori identitas sosial bahwa pada konteks perusahaan swasta, identitas sosial pemimpin bukan menjadi faktor yang menentukan terbentuknya dukungan terhadap pemimpin.
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Huynh, Alex C., Harrison Oakes, Garrett R. Shay, and Ian McGregor. "The Wisdom in Virtue: Pursuit of Virtue Predicts Wise Reasoning About Personal Conflicts." Psychological Science 28, no. 12 (October 3, 2017): 1848–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617722621.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most people can reason relatively wisely about others’ social conflicts, but often struggle to do so about their own (i.e., Solomon’s paradox). We suggest that true wisdom should involve the ability to reason wisely about both others’ and one’s own social conflicts, and we investigated the pursuit of virtue as a construct that predicts this broader capacity for wisdom. Results across two studies support prior findings regarding Solomon’s paradox: Participants ( N = 623) more strongly endorsed wise-reasoning strategies (e.g., intellectual humility, adopting an outsider’s perspective) for resolving other people’s social conflicts than for resolving their own. The pursuit of virtue (e.g., pursuing personal ideals and contributing to other people) moderated this effect of conflict type. In both studies, greater endorsement of the pursuit of virtue was associated with greater endorsement of wise-reasoning strategies for one’s own personal conflicts; as a result, participants who highly endorsed the pursuit of virtue endorsed wise-reasoning strategies at similar levels for resolving their own social conflicts and resolving other people’s social conflicts. Implications of these results and underlying mechanisms are explored and discussed.
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Rogobete, Silviu E., Leslie J. Francis, and Ursula McKenna. "Examining the Connection between Religion and Attitude toward Socio-Economic Human Rights and Attitude toward Euthanasia and Abortion among Romanian Orthodox Adolescents: Contrasting the Effects of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Religiosity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 15, 2021): 10837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010837.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examines the complex connection linking religion, social attitudes, and human rights in Romania, drawing on the classic distinction between extrinsic religiosity (as reflected in church attendance) and intrinsic religiosity (as reflected in personal prayer). The hypothesis that these forms of religiosity may function differently in relation to different areas of social attitudes is tested among Romanian Orthodox adolescents (N = 400), drawing on validated measures developed by the International Empirical Research Program Religion and Human Rights 2.0 to assess attitude toward socio-economic human rights and attitude toward euthanasia and abortion. In respect of attitude toward euthanasia and abortion, church attendance and personal prayer work in the same direction and with cumulative effect. Lowest acceptance of euthanasia and abortion is found among young people who attend church and pray. In respect of attitude toward socio-economic human rights, church attendance and personal prayer work in opposite directions. Frequent church attendance (extrinsic religiosity) is associated with lower endorsement of socio-economic human rights. Frequent prayer (intrinsic religiosity) is associated with higher endorsement of socio-economic human rights.
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Tri, Ha Minh. "Celebrity endorsement and purchase intention: The case of Toyota Vios in Vietnam." HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE - ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 12, no. 1 (February 22, 2022): 92–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.46223/hcmcoujs.econ.en.12.1.2165.2022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigates how celebrity characteristics (including credibility, attractiveness, product-image match), personal characteristics (including self - satisfaction and expression power), and social characteristics (including peer influence) influence consumer purchasing behavior via imitation behavior in the case Toyota Vios brand. A questionnaire-based survey of 306 respondents across Vietnam was conducted using convenience and snowball sampling methods. Online and face-to-face interviews were conducted. A structural equation modelling approach was used to analyze the data. The results show that the three celebrity characteristics, personal characteristics, and social characteristics have a significant impact on the consumer’s intention to purchase through imitation behavior. Practical implications were provided to assist companies in improving their performance.
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Goelzner, Herbert, Abraham Stefanidis, and Moshe Banai. "Ethically questionable negotiation tactics in the Austrian workplace." European Business Review 31, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-08-2015-0081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose This study aims to generalize the research findings about the impact of individualism-collectivism, ethical idealism and inter-personal trust on ethically questionable negotiation tactics, such as pretending, deceiving and lying, in a Germanic culture, namely, that of Austria. Design/methodology/approach Survey questionnaires translated from English to German were collected from 304 respondents. A regression analysis was used to test the contribution of the independent variables to the explanation of negotiators’ attitudes towards questionable negotiation tactics. Findings The research empirically corroborated a classification of three groups of negotiation tactics, namely, pretending, deceiving and lying, in Austria. Austrian negotiators who scored high on vertical individualism tended to score high on the endorsement of the pretending tactic; those who scored high on horizontal collectivism tended to score low on the endorsement of the deceiving and lying tactics; those who scored high on vertical collectivism tended to score high on the endorsement of the deceiving and lying tactics; and those who scored high on inter-personal trust tended to score low on the endorsement of the pretending negotiation tactic. Idealistic negotiators tended not to endorse the use of pretending, deceiving and lying negotiation tactics. Research limitations/implications The study investigated the respondents’ perceptions, rather than their actual negotiation behavior. Findings are limited to Germanic culture. Practical implications The study provides negotiators in Austria with a tool that has the potential to predict the extent to which Austrian negotiators would use various ethically questionable negotiation tactics. Originality/value This is the first study to present a model of the antecedents of negotiation tactics in a Germanic cultural context, where negotiation studies are limited. This study validates in Austria three questionable negotiation tactics groups of varying severity, which had previously been studied only in non-Germanic cultures. This research significantly contributes to the generalization of a model of the antecedents of the endorsement of questionable tactics across cultures.
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Verkasalo, Markku, and Marjaana Lindeman. "Personal ideals and socially desirable responding." European Journal of Personality 8, no. 5 (December 1994): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410080504.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of personal ideals on socially desirable responding (impression management or IM, and self‐deception or SDE) was examined in a study of 428 undergraduate students. The subjects indicated their endorsement of 56 values and filled in Paulhus's (1991) Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding. Three IM types, viz. ingratiators, exemplificators, and intimidators, were defined from the subjects’ personal ideals. We hypothesized that both ingratiators and exemplificators score high and that intimidators score low on IM items. These hypotheses were confirmed, but the result for intimidators was only marginally reliable. Furthermore, it turned out that high IM scorers strove for collective values but high SDE scorers strove for individual values. The results are discussed as an expression of a self‐construction process, which is based on personal, rather than social, ideals. In addition, the implications of the results for controlling the effect of socially desirable responding are discussed.
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Swartz, Marvin S., Jeffrey W. Swanson, and John Monahan. "Endorsement of personal benefit of outpatient commitment among persons with severe mental illness." Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 9, no. 1-2 (March 2003): 70–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1076-8971.9.1-2.70.
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Cheng, Polly, Winny Shen, and K. Yourie Kim. "Personal Endorsement of Ambivalent Sexism and Career Success: an Investigation of Differential Mechanisms." Journal of Business and Psychology 35, no. 6 (September 4, 2019): 783–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10869-019-09652-9.
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Attari, Shahzeen Z., David H. Krantz, and Elke U. Weber. "Energy conservation goals: What people adopt, what they recommend, and why." Judgment and Decision Making 11, no. 4 (July 2016): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500003776.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractFailures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by adopting policies, technologies, and lifestyle changes have led the world to the brink of crisis, or likely beyond. Here we use Internet surveys to attempt to understand these failures by studying factors that affect the adoption of personal energy conservation behaviors and also endorsement of energy conservation goals proposed for others. We demonstrate an asymmetry between goals for self and others (“I’ll do the easy thing, you do the hard thing”), but we show that this asymmetry is partly produced by actor/observer differences: people know what they do already (and generally do not propose those actions as personal goals) and also know their own situational constraints that are barriers to action. We also show, however, that endorsement of conservation goals decreases steeply as a function of perceived difficulty; this suggests a role for motivated cognition as a barrier to conservation: difficult things are perceived as less applicable to one’s situation.
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Cheng, Chi-Ying, and Ying-Yi Hong. "Kiasu and Creativity in Singapore: An Empirical Test of the Situated Dynamics Framework." Management and Organization Review 13, no. 4 (November 23, 2017): 871–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2017.41.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTThis article investigates how Singaporeans’ creativity is influenced byKiasu, an indigenous construct corresponding to fear of losing out. We examine the impact of Kiasu on creativity, both as a personal value and a shared cultural norm in four studies. Study 1 showed that Singaporeans’ Kiasu value endorsement predicts lower individual creativity. Study 2 demonstrated that this negative relationship is mediated by a self-regulatory focus on prevention. Study 3 further showed the impact of Kiasu as a personal value and a cultural norm by finding a significant three-way interaction effect of Kiasu prime, personal Kiasu value endorsement, and need for cognitive closure on participants’ creativity. Study 4 addressed the Singaporean paradox and found that Singaporeans exhibit higher creativity when primed with their multi-ethnic culture than under control conditions. However, those who associated Singapore with Kiasu lost this advantage. These findings support the situated dynamics framework of cultural influence on behavior such that values, norms, and situational cues play a role in producing a cultural pattern of creative performance. This research also has implications for how to incubate creative performance in Asian countries.
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Degner, Juliane, Jana Mangels, and Lysann Zander. "Visualizing Gendered Representations of Male and Female Teachers Using a Reverse Correlation Paradigm." Social Psychology 50, no. 4 (July 2019): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000382.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Stereotypically, men are expected to outperform women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) domains, and women to outperform men in language. We conceptually replicated this association using reverse correlation tasks. Without available gender information, participants generated male images of physics teachers and female images of language teachers (Studies 1 and 3). Personal endorsement of respective ability stereotypes inconsistently predicted these effects (Studies 1 and 3). With unambiguous gender information (Study 2), participants generated feminized images of female language teachers and masculinized images of female physics teachers, whereas images of male teachers were unaffected by academic domain. Stereotype endorsement affected perceptions of female but not male teachers, suggesting that appearing feminine in STEM domains still signals professional mismatch.
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Rendy Arfyan and Bayu Pratama S. "STRATEGI PERSONAL BRANDING SELEBGRAM MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL TIKTOK DALAM ENDORSEMENT ( STUDI KASUS PADA AKUN TIKTOK @CLARAYAAA_ )." Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi dan Bisnis 1, no. 2 (May 29, 2022): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51903/jimeb.v1i2.354.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Personal branding dilakukan sebagai salah satu strategi komunikasi untuk menanamkan persepsi positif seseorang kepada publik. Personal branding juga dilakukan secara langsung dan tidak langsung melalui media sosial. Seorang Selebgram perlu memiliki personal branding yang kuat untuk membedakannya dengan Selebgram lain. Salah satu Selebgram Tik Tok yaitu Clara dengan akun Tik Tok @clarayaaaa_. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana personal branding yang dilakukan Clara dalam media sosial Tik Tok. Metode yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Selebgram memiliki ciri khas yang sesuai dengan ambisi pribadi yaitu membuat konten Tik Tok untuk memberi inspirasi dalam berpakaian kepada pengikutnya. Berikutnya, Clara juga relevan,berhasil menjadi sesuatu orang yang dibutuhkan dianggap penting untuk dijadikan referensi dan inspirasi dalam berpakaian. Dan Clara pun konsisten dengan fokus pada satu bidang , berpengalaman, dan profesional termasuk membuat perbaikan diri jika mendapat kritik atau evaluasi.
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Gaeth, Gary J., Irwin P. Levin, Gaurav Jain, and Eleanor V. Burke. "Toward understanding everyday decision making by adults across the autism spectrum." Judgment and Decision Making 11, no. 6 (November 2016): 537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500004757.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractWe focus on the everyday decision making challenges faced by high functioning adults across the Autism Spectrum using both between- and within-group comparisons. We used Mturk, backed by a combination of recruiting and screening procedures, to recruit large samples using an online survey. The main differences between groups were: greater relationship problems at home, school and work for the ASD group compared to the control group; greater difficulty in a variety of everyday decisions and the negative consequences of their decisions; greater aversion to social risks; lower levels of Rational Ability; and greater personal endorsement of socially undesirable acts. Poorer decision outcomes within the ASD group were predicted by lower levels of Rational Ability and higher personal endorsement of socially undesirable acts. Some of the same predictor-outcome relations were found within the Control group. These results illustrate how the study of unique groups can increase our overall understanding of individual differences in decision making within the general population, and the need to include both between-group and within-group analyses.
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Newn, Joshua, Ryan M. Kelly, Simon D'Alfonso, and Reeva Lederman. "Examining and Promoting Explainable Recommendations for Personal Sensing Technology Acceptance." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 6, no. 3 (September 6, 2022): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3550297.
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Personal sensing is a promising approach for enabling the delivery of timely and personalised recommendations to improve mental health and well-being. However, existing research has revealed numerous barriers to personal sensing acceptance. This paper explores the influence of explanations on the acceptability of recommendations based on personal sensing. We conducted a qualitative study using five plausible personal sensing scenarios to elicit prospective users' attitudes towards personal sensing, followed by a reflective interview. Our analysis formed six nuanced design considerations for personal sensing recommendation acceptance: user personalisation, appropriate phrasing, adaptive capability, users' confidence, peer endorsement, and sense of agency. Simultaneously, we found that the availability of an explanation at each personal sensing layer positively influenced the willingness of the participants to accept personal sensing technology. Together, this paper contributes a better understanding of how we can design personal sensing technology to be more acceptable.
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Abirami, U., and Jayasree Krishnan. "Attitude towards celebrity endorsement - a case study of adolescent students using personal care products." International Journal of Business Excellence 14, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbex.2018.088311.
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Abirami, U., and Jayasree Krishnan. "Attitude towards celebrity endorsement - a case study of adolescent students using personal care products." International Journal of Business Excellence 14, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbex.2018.10009044.
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Allooh, Noah N., Christina M. Rummell, and Ronald F. Levant. ""Emo" Culture and Gender Norms in Late Adolescents and Young Adults." Boyhood Studies 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/thy.0701.21.
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The present study examined the extent to which youth who endorse emo subculture reject the traditional masculine norm of restrictive emotionality. It also examined the relationships between endorsement and rejection of emo subculture and traditional masculine and feminine norms and masculine gender role conflict. In Study 1 (N = 13) three focus groups were conducted to create the mixed methods Emo Culture Questionnaire (ECQ). In Study 2 (N = 164) exploratory factor analysis of the quantitative part of the ECQ resulted in a 15-item, 4-factor scale; however, due to low reliabilities, only two scales were used in the analyses. Three hypotheses were mostly supported. The endorsement of emo subculture by men was negatively associated with their Restrictive Emotionality subscale scores of both the Male Role Norms Inventory-Revised (MRNI-R) and Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS). The endorsement of emo subculture by women was negatively associated with their MRNI-R Restrictive Emotionality scores but was not positively associated their Femininity Ideology Scale (FIS) Emotionality scores. Negative views of the emo subculture by both men and women were positively correlated with their MRNI-R Restrictive Emotionality scores. An exploratory question found that the endorsement of emo subculture had significant negative correlations with three additional MRNI-R subscales and the total scale for men and with five MRNI-R subscales and the total scale for women. In addition, the endorsement of emo subculture had significant negative correlations with two FIS subscales, and with two additional GRCS subscales and the total scale for men. Qualitative results from the ECQ indicated that while the label “emo” may not function as a personal identifier, the music, fashion, and behavior thus identified remain popular.
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van der Heijden, Eva, and Maykel Verkuyten. "Educational attainment, political sophistication and anti-immigrant attitudes." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 8, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 600–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v8i2.1334.
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Among a national sample of Dutch respondents (N = 1,155), this study examined whether the belief configuration of personal political orientation differs for individual level of education, and how it is related to negative attitudes toward immigrant-origin groups and refugee policies. In agreement with the ideological sophistication perspective, the endorsement of social conformity and the acceptance of group-based inequality were found to be more strongly part of the political orientation of higher compared to the lower educated participants. Furthermore, the endorsement of social conformity and acceptance of group-based inequality were associated with more negative feelings toward immigrants and more negative attitudes toward policies in relation to refugees. These findings add to the existing literature that has predominantly examined education and political orientation as two independent correlates of anti-immigrant and refugee attitudes.
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Park, Sun-Young. "Celebrity Endorsement for Nonprofit Organizations: The Role of Experience-based Fit between Celebrity and Cause." International Business Research 10, no. 1 (November 18, 2016): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n1p8.
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Although using celebrities to raise awareness and funds for social causes is a popular technique these days, little research has offered a theoretical explanation for the effects of a celebrity’s personal values on socially oriented communications. This paper, therefore, aims to investigate the role of celebrity experience with a cause, as well as the celebrity endorser’s association with the not-for-profit organizations, in determining the effectiveness of the celebrity’s endorsement of the cause. Results reveal that a celebrity’s personal experience with the endorsed cause positively influences consumers’ perceived congruence between the celebrity and the cause, attributions of the celebrity altruistic motives for the endorsement, perceptions of the celebrity credibility, and attitudes toward the celebrity and the nonprofit organization. Additionally, a celebrity associated with an organization as a founder compared to a spokesperson appears to yield more favorable perceptions of celebrity credibility and attitudes toward the celebrity and the organization. Finally, interesting interaction effects between the celebrity-cause fit and the celebrity’s association with the nonprofit organization emerged. Findings of the present study provide insights into the potential benefits and liabilities of using a celebrity to promote a social cause in the nonprofit sector.
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Lopes, Guilherme S., Nicole Barbaro, Yael Sela, Austin J. Jeffery, Michael N. Pham, Todd K. Shackelford, and Virgil Zeigler-Hill. "Endorsement of Social and Personal Values Predicts the Desirability of Men and Women as Long-Term Partners." Evolutionary Psychology 15, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 147470491774238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474704917742384.
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A prospective romantic partner’s desirability as a long-term partner may be affected by the values that he or she endorses. However, few studies have examined the effects of “values” on a person’s desirability as a long-term partner. We hypothesized that individuals who endorse social values (vs. personal values) will be perceived as more desirable long-term partners (Hypothesis 1) and that the endorsement of social values will be especially desirable in a male (vs. female) long-term partner (Hypothesis 2). The current study employed a 2 (sex of prospective partner: male vs. female) × 2 (values of prospective partner: personal vs. social) × 2 (physical attractiveness of prospective partner: unattractive vs. highly attractive) mixed-model design. Participants were 339 undergraduates (174 men, 165 women), with ages varying between 18 and 33 years ( M = 19.9, SD = 3.6), and mostly in a romantic relationship (53.7%). Participants reported interest in a long-term relationship with prospective partners depicted in four scenarios (within subjects), each varying along the dimensions of values (personal vs. social) and physical attractiveness (unattractive vs. highly attractive). Individuals endorsing personal values (vs. social values) and men (vs. women) endorsing personal values were rated as less desirable as long-term partners. The current research adds to the partner preferences literature by demonstrating that an individual’s ascribed values influence others’ perceptions of desirability as a long-term partner and that these effects are consistently sex differentiated, as predicted by an evolutionary perspective on romantic partner preferences.
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Oliveira de Lima, Taís Elena, Gabriela Diniz Aires, Thayná Siqueira Lipienski, and Thelma Larocca Skare. "Alexithymia, masculinity and sexual behavior among Brazilian men / Alexitimia, masculinidade e comportamento sexual entre homens Brasileiros." Revista de Psicologia 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36517/revpsiufc.13.1.2022.4.
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Normative masculinity and alexithymia may negatively affect sexual life and men’s well-being. In this study, the endorsement of traditional male norms, alexithymia and sexual behavior were assessed through an online survey directed to Brazilian men. Relationship status and religion were also addressed, and associations and correlations between variables were carried out. The survey presented 66 items, including standardized questionnaires, such as Meanings of Adolescent Masculinity Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Male Sexual Quotient. The sample consisted in 528 Brazilian men with high socioeconomic and educational levels. Alexithymia was negatively correlated with sexual satisfaction. The endorsement of traditional male norms was positively correlated with pornography use and was also associated with sharing of pornographic material through social media. Married men had the lowest levels of alexithymia, with significant difference when compared with men who are not currently in a relationship. Furthermore, having a religion was associated with greater endorsement of traditional male norms. These findings suggest that alexithymia may have greater influence on behaviors associated with interpersonal relations, including sexual satisfaction and relationship status. Conversely, normative masculinity was linked to personal variables, which did not involve a partner, including pornography consumption and religion.
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Li, Leon, Bari Britvan, and Michael Tomasello. "Young children conform more to norms than to preferences." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 26, 2021): e0251228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251228.
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As members of cultural groups, humans continually adhere to social norms and conventions. Researchers have hypothesized that even young children are motivated to act conventionally, but support for this hypothesis has been indirect and open to other interpretations. To further test this hypothesis, we invited 3.5-year-old children (N = 104) to help set up items for a tea party. Children first indicated which items they preferred but then heard an informant (either an adult or another child) endorse other items in terms of either conventional norms or personal preferences. Children conformed (i.e., overrode their own preference to follow the endorsement) more when the endorsements were framed as norms than when they were framed as preferences, and this was the case whether the informant was an adult or another child. The priority of norms even when stated by another child opposes the interpretation that children only conformed in deference to adult authority. These findings suggest that children are motivated to act conventionally, possibly as an adaptation for living in cultural groups.
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Franco, Marisa, Olivia L. Holmes, Felicia Swafford, Nolan Krueger, and Kenneth Rice. "Black people’s racial identity and their acceptance of Black-White Multiracial people." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 22, no. 8 (February 12, 2019): 1181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430218820957.
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The current study examined whether Black people’s racial ideology, experiences of racism, and their interaction predict their acceptance of Black-White Multiracial people. Black racial ideologies represent an aspect of Black people’s racial identity that addresses their perspectives on how people within the Black community should behave. Participants ( N = 325) were administered a series of measures. Latent class analysis revealed three classes of Black racial identity: undifferentiated (average ideologies), integrationist (high assimilationist, humanist, and oppressed minority), and nationalist (high nationalist). The nationalist group was most likely to endorse rejecting Multiracial people as members of the Black community and also to endorse forcing a Black identity onto Multiracial people, whereas the integrationist group was least likely to make such endorsements. For participants in the nationalist (but not integrationist or undifferentiated) cluster, personal experiences of racism were related to endorsement of forcing a Black identity onto a Multiracial person. Findings suggest that Multiracial people might achieve the most identity affirmation and sense of community among Black people holding integrationist views.
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Maguire, Jennifer Smith. "Fit and Flexible: The Fitness Industry, Personal Trainers and Emotional Service Labor." Sociology of Sport Journal 18, no. 4 (December 2001): 379–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.18.4.379.
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The contemporary United States fitness industry, in conjunction with the medical endorsement of exercise and the marketing of lifestyle consumption, has made possible the emergence and rapid growth of health and fitness services. This paper brings together the sociological fields of work, consumption, and physical culture, suggesting how the structure and organization of personal training impacts upon how fitness is sold. Drawing from interviews with personal trainers, the occupation is discussed as a combination of frontline service work, emotional labor, and flexible work strategies, resulting in a variety of job roles: the representation of the fitness club, the brokering of clients’ consumer relationships with the fitness industry, the motivation of clients through service relationships, and the entrepreneurial cultivation of a client base and semi-professional authority.
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Molnar, Danielle S., Melissa Blackburn, Dawn Zinga, Natalie Spadafora, Tabitha Methot-Jones, and Maureen Connolly. "Trait Perfectionism and Dance Goals Among Young Female Dancers: An Application of the 2 × 2 Model of Perfectionism." Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology 43, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2020-0118.
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This study provided the first test of the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism with respect to dancers’ goals for dancing in competitive dance. Four hundred twenty-five young female North American competitive dancers (M = 11.33 years; SD = 2.14) completed questionnaires assessing multidimensional perfectionism and goals for participation in dance. The latent moderated structural equations approach along with procedures outlined by Gaudreau indicated partial support for the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism. Pure Evaluative Concerns Perfectionism was associated with fewer intrinsic goals for dance and greater extrinsic goals for dance relative to nonperfectionism. Pure Personal Standards Perfectionism was related to less endorsement of extrinsic goals relative to nonperfectionism. Findings were complex with respect to mixed perfectionism, with this form of perfectionism being related to greater endorsement of both intrinsic and extrinsic goals for dance. Results provide partial support for the 2 × 2 model in youth dance.
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Allan, Kate E. "1205. Vaccine Hesitancy in Paediatric Practice and Predictors of Physician-Reported Vaccine Compliance." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1397.
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Abstract Background This study explores the frequency with which Canadian paediatricians encounter vaccine hesitancy in their clinical practice, the most common approaches to parent resistance, impact of hesitancy practice and predictors of physician-reported vaccine compliance. Methods This analysis used data collected from Canadian paediatricians and paediatric subspecialists via a one-time survey distributed by the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program in the fall of 2015. Descriptive analyses were conducted to determine the frequency of hesitancy, approaches to parent resistance and impact on clinical practice. A classification tree was generated to determine the most important predictors of physician-reported vaccine compliance. Results A total of 669 paediatricians completed the survey. Eighty-nine percent (n=588) of respondents indicated they had encountered hesitancy in their practice, with the top concerns including: Autism, too many vaccines, risk of a weakened immune system, and vaccine additives. The most common responses to parent resistance included discussing risks of non-vaccination, restating the vaccine recommendation and referring to reliable patient resources. Forty-five percent (n=301) of physicians indicated that hesitancy impacted their practice. Overall, the best predictor of physician-reported vaccine compliance was the use of a personal endorsement or anecdote (x2=6.955,df=1, adj.p< 0.01). Among physicians who did not use a personal endorsement, the next best predictor of vaccine compliance was spending 10 minutes or more discussing vaccination (x2=7.418, df=1,adj.p< 0.05). Conclusion This study contributes to a nascent body of literature related to paediatricians’ experience with vaccine hesitancy in a Canadian context, particularly as it relates to the impact of hesitancy on practice. This study demonstrates the ubiquity of hesitancy in clinical practice, the profound impact of hesitancy on paediatricians and highlights promising responses to parental hesitancy that may improve vaccine compliance. Future research should explore potential hesitancy interventions including using a personal endorsement and prolonged engagement using more rigorous methods of evaluation. Disclosures Kate E. Allan, PhD, Pfizer (Other Financial or Material Support, Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Centre for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (at University of Toronto) is funded by Pfizer.)
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Haimila, Roosa. "Does a Science-Oriented Worldview Entail Unbelief?" Secular Studies 2, no. 2 (November 16, 2020): 83–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25892525-bja10006.
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Abstract Endorsement of science is often associated with non-religiosity and lack of supernatural belief. However, the relevance of science for worldviews might also relate to the cultural context and/or personal investment in science. This study investigates the following question: Is endorsement of worldview components of science associated with unbelief among science-oriented respondents? Here, worldview components refer to science providing 1) a sense of meaning, 2) moral standards, and 3) literal or symbolic continuity after death. 387 Finnish adults recruited via pro-research organizations were included in the analysis. The results suggest that self-reported worldview functions of science are associated with unbelief also among science-oriented individuals. These findings lend support to the belief replacement hypothesis, which suggests that secular worldviews such as belief in science are of particular importance for unbelievers. However, the effect sizes are small and also other God belief groups endorse the significance of science for e.g., meaning in life.
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Medlin, Mary M., Donald F. Sacco, and Mitch Brown. "Political Orientation and Belief in Science in a U.S. College Sample." Psychological Reports 123, no. 5 (November 21, 2019): 1688–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294119889583.
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Lay skepticism toward empirically supported scientific research has increased significantly in recent years. Given that part of the social contract of science is the betterment of society, it is critical for the scientific community to identify factors underlying public dismissal versus support of scientific evidence. The current study explores how individual differences in political ideology influence acceptance of factual and nonfactual information, with differences in truth-seeking values as a potential mediating variable. Participants rated their agreement with true and untrue (i.e., nonempirically supported) statements and completed self-report assessments of political ideology and personal endorsement of values associated with promoting truth. More politically, liberal individuals reported greater agreement with both scientific facts and untrue statements. Furthermore, endorsement of truth-seeking values mediated the relation between liberal ideology and agreement with facts (but not nonfactual statements). Results suggest that interventions to increase individuals’ acceptance of facts may benefit from stimulating greater support for truth-seeking values and behavior.
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Cookson, Darel, Daniel Jolley, Robert C. Dempsey, and Rachel Povey. "“If they believe, then so shall I”: Perceived beliefs of the in-group predict conspiracy theory belief." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 24, no. 5 (August 2021): 759–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430221993907.
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Conspiracy beliefs are widespread and can have detrimental consequences. As perceived social norms can exert a powerful influence on individuals, we investigated the relationship between perceived conspiracy belief norms and personal endorsement, and whether others’ conspiracy belief is overestimated. In Study 1, UK university students ( N = 111) completed measures of their personal conspiracy beliefs and estimations of others’ beliefs (an in-group and an out-group they chose, and a prescribed in-group). Perceived in-groups’ belief strongly predicted personal conspiracy belief; perceived out-group’s belief did not. Studies 2 and 3 replicated these findings in a British community sample ( N = 177) and in a UK parent sample ( N = 197), focusing on antivaccine conspiracy theories. All studies demonstrated that people overestimate the conspiracy beliefs of others. This is the first demonstration of the association between perceived in-group conspiracy belief social norms and individuals’ personal conspiracy beliefs. Interventions challenging misperceived norms could be effective in reducing conspiracy beliefs.
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Wojcicki, Stanley. "The Supercollider: The Pre-Texas Days — A Personal Recollection of Its Birth and Berkeley Years." Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology 01, no. 01 (January 2008): 259–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793626808000113.
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This article describes the beginnings of the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). The narrative starts in the early 1980s with the discussion of the process that led to the recommendation by the US high energy physics community to initiate work on a multi-TeV hadron collider. The article then describes the formation in 1984 of the Central Design Group (CDG) charged with directing and coordinating the SSC R&D and subsequent activities which led in early 1987 to the SSC endorsement by President Reagan. The last part of the article deals with the site selection process, steps leading to the initial Congressional appropriation of the SSC construction funds and the creation of the management structure for the SSC Laboratory.
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Scheidt, Stefan, Carsten Gelhard, Juliane Strotzer, and Jörg Henseler. "In for a penny, in for a pound? Exploring mutual endorsement effects between celebrity CEOs and corporate brands." Journal of Product & Brand Management 27, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-07-2016-1265.
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Purpose While the branding of individuals has attracted increasing attention from practitioners in recent decades, understanding of personal branding still remains limited, especially with regard to the branding of celebrity CEOs. To contribute to this debate, this paper aims to explore the co-branding of celebrity CEOs and corporate brands, integrating endorsement theory and the concept of meaning transfer at a level of brand attributes. Design/methodology/approach A between-subjects true experimental design was chosen for each of the two empirical studies with a total of 268 participants, using mock newspaper articles about a succession scenario at the CEO level of different companies. The study is designed to analyse the meaning transfer from celebrity CEO to corporate brand and vice versa using 16 personality attributes. Findings This study gives empirical support for meaning transfer effects at the brand attribute level in both the celebrity-CEO-to-corporate-brand and corporate-brand-to-celebrity-CEO direction, which confirms the applicability of the concept of brand endorsement to celebrity CEOs and the mutuality in co-branding models. Furthermore, a more detailed and expansive perspective on the definition of endorsement is provided as well as managerial guidance for building celebrity CEOs and corporate brands in consideration of meaning transfer effects. Originality/value This study is one of only few analysing the phenomenon of meaning transfer between brands that focus on non-evaluative associations (i.e. personality attributes). It is unique in its scope, insofar as the partnering relationship between celebrity CEOs and corporate brands have not been analysed empirically from this perspective yet. It bridges the gap between application in practice and the academic foundations, and it contributes to a broader understanding and definition of celebrity endorsement.
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Ravert, Russell D., and Jessica Gomez-Scott. "Why Take Risks? Four Good Reasons According to Emerging Adult College Students." Journal of Adolescent Research 30, no. 5 (August 14, 2014): 565–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558414547099.
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College-attending emerging adults (ages 18-26, n = 233) were asked to describe their personal philosophy on taking risks. “Taking risks” was undefined, in order to allow for individual interpretation. Thematic coding was used to assess the degree of endorsement, reasons to take risks, and reasons to avoid risks cited in responses. Whereas 7.3% of students focused solely on risk avoidance, 55.4% stressed the importance of weighing pros and cons, and 37.3% fully endorsed risk taking. Among reasons cited for taking risks, the most common motivation was personal growth, followed by achievement, to avoid missing out, and enjoyment/satisfaction. Results are discussed with regard to theory of emerging adulthood, and a conceptual distinction is made between hedonic versus eudaimonic risk motivations.
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Lee, I.-Ching, Fei Hu, and Wen-Qiao Li. "Cultural Factors Facilitating or Inhibiting the Support for Traditional Household Gender Roles." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 51, no. 5 (June 2020): 333–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022120929089.
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Movement toward gender equality has occurred worldwide for the past century; nevertheless, some people still strongly endorse traditional gender norms. We investigated the associations of societal characteristics (gross domestic product [GDP] per capita and the gender empowerment measure) and cultural characteristics, including Hofstede’s, Schwartz’s, and Welzel’s scores (hierarchy vs. egalitarianism, person vs. social focus, mastery vs. harmony, long-term orientation, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity–femininity), with support for traditional household gender roles. To reveal advantageous or disadvantageous conditions for support for traditional household gender roles, we conducted a secondary data analysis with representative samples ( n = 59,713) of 41 societies collected by the International Social Survey Program. According to the multilevel modeling analysis, individuals have lower endorsement of traditional household gender roles in societies that value mastery and enjoy economic development (i.e., GDP per capita), gender equality (measured by the gender empowerment measure), and personal focus. Contrarily, individuals have higher endorsement of traditional household gender roles in societies where hierarchy, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, and masculine characteristics are valued. Individual characteristics (women, work experience, education, big-city experience, and younger generations) also predict lower support for traditional household gender roles. In addition, gender differences in traditional household gender roles are larger in societies with greater economic development and personal focus and lower emphasis on hierarchy and long-term orientation. Finally, the national means of traditional household gender roles predict concurrent social movement activities and gender equality at a later time. Potential mechanisms are further discussed.
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Shah, S. A., M. Nolan, M. Ryan, J. Williams, and D. Fannon. "Delivering recovery focused mental health care in Ireland: implications for services and practice development." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 33, no. 2 (December 22, 2014): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2014.75.
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IntroductionThe recovery approach provides a key organising principle underlying mental health policy throughout the English speaking world with endorsement by agencies such as the World Health Organisation. In Ireland, personal recovery is one of the quality markers identified by users of mental health services and has become central to national mental health policy.Aim and objectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the implications for mental health services and professional practice arising from a structured investigation of what personal recovery means for people using specialist mental health services and the extent to which services support their individual recovery.MethodTen service user participants in a service initiative were assessed using a novel measure based on an empirically based conceptual framework of recovery. The INSPIRE determines the level of recovery promoting support received from mental health staff and the quality of the supportive relationship as perceived by individual service users.ResultsA consistent pattern of beliefs about recovery in keeping with national guidelines and the international literature was apparent. All respondents indicated that support by other people was an important part of their recovery with high levels of support received from mental health professionals. There was less consistent endorsement of the quality of relationships with professionals and recovery-oriented practice as perceived by participants.ConclusionThe findings are highly relevant to the development of recovery focused, clinically excellent services. Further work is needed to improve the process of translating recovery guidance into mental health practice.
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Liu, Jianjin. "Chinese Adolescents’ Conceptions of Teacher’s Authority and Their Relations to Rule Violations in School." ETHICS IN PROGRESS 9, no. 1 (December 5, 2018): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/eip.2018.1.5.
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Based on the Social Cognitive Domain Theory, the paper explored the adolescents’ conceptions of teacher authority in different domains and their relations to rule violations in school. The main results are: 1) Adolescents viewed moral, conventional, and prudential issues as legitimately subject to teachers’ authority and personal issues as under personal jurisdiction, but they were equivocal about contextually conventional issues. 2) Seventh graders judged all acts as more legitimately subject to teachers’ authority, all rule violations as more negative than did older students. 3) Compared with adolescents from big cities, adolescents from rural area viewed moral, conventional, contextually conventional, and personal issues as more legitimately subject to teacher authority, and endorsed less personal jurisdiction over those issues; but there were no significant differences in moral domain. 4) Male subjects reported more violations in conventional and prudential domain. 5）Adolescents’ older age, less endorsement of legitimacy of teacher authority, and greater dislike for school predicted more teacher- and self-reported misconducts. Implications for moral education from these results were also discussed.
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Persinger, M. A., and K. Makarec. "Exotic Beliefs May Be Substitutes for Religious Beliefs." Perceptual and Motor Skills 71, no. 1 (August 1990): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1990.71.1.16.
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The percentages of items of the Personal Philosophy Inventories that reflect either traditional religious or exotic (alien intelligence, reincarnation) beliefs were compared for 504 female and 343 male university students as a function of church attendance; the data were collected over a 10-yr. period. A statistically significant interaction between the two clusters of beliefs and church attendance suggested that exotic beliefs may substitute for religious beliefs. Years of university experience did not reduce the incidence of either type of belief while preteenage religious experiences enhanced endorsement of both religious and exotic beliefs.
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Rose, Richard, and William Mishler. "Testing the Churchill Hypothesis: Popular Support for Democracy and its Alternatives." Journal of Public Policy 16, no. 1 (January 1996): 29–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00007856.
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ABSTRACTWhereas many studies of democratization evaluate it in idealist terms, Winston Churchill offered a relativist criterion, democracy being a lesser evil compared to other types of regime. Since everyone in a post-Communist society has lived in at least two different regimes, the New Democracies Barometer survey of post-Communist countries can ask people to evaluate five alternative regimes: a return to Communist rule, the army taking over, monarchy, rule by a strong leader, and decision making by economic experts. Factor analysis shows endorsement of three alternatives—the return to Communism, army rule, and personal dictatorship—form an authoritarianism scale. It also shows support for authoritarian rule is confined to a minority. Five hypotheses are tested to see what accounts for this. The political legacy of the past is more important than current government performance, economic attitudes, social structure differences, and national culture and traditions. Endorsement of economic technocrats making decisions is not related to authoritarianism; it reflects some national differences. Given the importance of experiencing both democratic and undemocratic regimes, the Churchill hypothesis does not apply in a country that has not yet attempted to introduce democratic institutions.
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Anderson, Christopher L. "Which Party Elites Choose to Lead the Nomination Process?" Political Research Quarterly 66, no. 1 (February 8, 2012): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912911430669.
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Even though political parties maintain control of presidential nominations, little is known about what leads individual party members to participate in the process. Party elites have a collective incentive to nominate an electorally viable and ideologically unifying candidate, and they also have personal, strategic incentives that may foster or prevent their participation in the nominating process. Using endorsement data on a subset of party elites—members of the U.S. House of Representatives—this article finds that individual members of the extended party are strategic with their decision to participate in or abstain from the nomination process.
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Rasinski, Kenneth, Tom R. Tyler, and Kim Fridkin. "Exploring the function of legitimacy: Mediating effects of personal and institutional legitimacy on leadership endorsement and system support." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49, no. 2 (August 1985): 386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.49.2.386.
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