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1
Robb-Dover, Kristina. "Gregory of Nyssa's “Perpetual Progress”." Theology Today 65, no. 2 (July 2008): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004057360806500207.
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Lee, Dwight R. "The perpetual assault on progress." Society 29, no. 3 (March 1992): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02695297.
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3
Norlock, Kathryn J. "Perpetual Struggle." Hypatia 34, no. 1 (2019): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12452.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
What if it doesn't get better? Against more hopeful and optimistic views that it is not just ideal but possible to put an end to what John Rawls calls “the great evils of human history,” I aver that when it comes to evils caused by human beings, the situation is hopeless. We are better off with the heavy knowledge that evils recur than we are with idealizations of progress, perfection, and completeness; an appropriate ethic for living with such heavy knowledge could include resisting evils, improving the lives of victims, and even enjoying ourselves. Better conceptions of the objects of hope, and the good life, inform a praxis‐centered, nonideal, feminist ethic, supportive of sustained moral motivation, resilience, and even cheer. I connect elements of stoic and pessimistic philosophy in order to outline some normative recommendations for living with evils. A praxis‐centered ethic would helpfully adjust our expectations from changing an uncontrollable future to developing better skills for living in a world that exceeds our control. As Aldo Leopold once said, “That the situation is hopeless should not prevent us from doing our best.”
4
Zachary, G. Pascal. "Technological progress and the perpetual learning curve [Spectral Lines]." IEEE Spectrum 52, no. 11 (2015): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2015.7335882.
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McEntire, David A. "Issues in disaster relief: progress, perpetual problems and prospective solutions." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 8, no. 5 (December 1999): 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09653569910298279.
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6
Hutchings, Kimberly. "Perpetual War/Perpetual Peace: Kant, Hegel and the End of History." Hegel Bulletin 12, no. 1-2 (1991): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263523200002688.
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Recently our particular end of history has been characterized as the coming of age of a post-communist, liberal nation-state system and global political economy. On this interpretation of history and international relations, the philosophy of world history is no longer needed, since the meaning of history, its goal and end, are already known. In essence, we have arrived at the Kantian regulative ideal of perpetual peace, not in the form of a world state, but of an international order in which commerce can take over the role of war and deterrence in ensuring progress. In this paper, I will be arguing for a different understanding of the end of history, one which recalls the philosopher's attention to world history as the realm of the self-relation of spirit most in need of philosophical comprehension. In order to do this, I will be examining the differences between Kant's treatment of history and war in the critical philosophy, and Hegel's speculative transformation of that treatment in his own work. It will be argued that in Kant's work a posited end of history serves to undermine the philosophical comprehension of history, by removing that comprehension from history. Whereas in Hegel's work the experienced end of history opens up the understanding of history by acknowledging the philosopher's identity with his time. The paper falls into three sections. In the first part I will present a reading of Kant's philosophy of history and war, and try to illustrate its consequences for attempts to theorise and moralise about world history in the present. In the second part I will demonstrate how Hegel's philosophy of history and war differs from Kant's, giving us an alternative starting point for our contemporary comprehension of the end of history. Finally, I will comment on a recent Hegelian reading of world history by Hayo Krombach, Hegelian Reflections on the Idea of Nuclear War.
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Musiał, Kinga. "Biomarkers in Pediatric Nephrology—From Bedside to Bench and Back Again." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 19 (October 7, 2022): 5919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195919.
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The progress in biomarker research is characterized by the perpetual quest for parameters that fulfill the strict criteria of sensitivity, specificity, ease and speed in performance and cost-effectiveness [...]
8
Djakovac, Aleksandar. "Movement, perpetual progress and straining according to St. Gregory of Nyssa." Theoria, Beograd 64, no. 2 (2021): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo2102005d.
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In this paper, we will explore how and on what basis the idea of progression underwent its transformation in Neoplatonism and Christian theology. We will show that the elements of this idea appear in Plotinus and some patristic authors, but that it was finally shaped and elaborated primarily in the work of St. Gregory of Nyssa, which is recognized as the most deserving for its postulation.
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Vazquez Jacobus, Michelle, Robert Baskett, and Christina Bechstein. "Building Castles Together: A sustainable collaboration as a perpetual work-in-progress." Gateways: International Journal of Community Research and Engagement 4 (November 22, 2011): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijcre.v4i0.1800.
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The Building Castles Together project is a multidisciplinary collaboration between the University of Southern Maine at Lewiston-Auburn College and Sandcastle Clinical and Educational Services that aims to build solidarity and resilience in vulnerable young children, their families and their community. This article explores how the partnership exemplifies five key areas impacting the sustainability of community-university collaborations. 1) Mutuality and reciprocity are foundational elements in establishing trust and ensuring project relevance to both organisations. 2) Interdisciplinarity and diversity are constructs related to the core mission of both the University and Sandcastle. The multiple perspectives offer a range of holistic strategies for addressing complex social problems, but also create the potential for misunderstandings between disciplines and organisations. 3) Community integration at multiple levels is critical to the partnership’s sustainability as well as to achievement of its ideals. 4) Dynamic interaction is an evolutionary process, both internal and external to both organisations, that impacts their relative contributions and necessitates flexibility in planning and outcomes. 5) Asset enhancement describes the potential to increase capacity, but also the concern for overextension and resource exhaustion. We conclude that sustainability in university-community partnerships is not a goal in itself, but an ongoing process, and an attribute of a partnership based on common principles, continuous input and constant change.
Keywords
Community-university partnership, sustainability, diversity, vulnerable youth
10
Blowers, Paul M. "Maximus the Confessor, Gregory of Nyssa, and the Concept of "Perpetual Progress"." Vigiliae Christianae 46, no. 2 (1992): 151–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007292x00052.
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Lacayo, Celia Olivia. "Perpetual Inferiority: Whites’ Racial Ideology toward Latinos." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 3, no. 4 (May 13, 2017): 566–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649217698165.
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The author examines contemporary Latino racialization by focusing on whites’ attitudes toward Latinos. Drawing on 40 in-depth interviews with whites from Orange County, California, the findings show that this group of white Americans believes that Latino culture is deficient and inferior. Moreover, the respondents explicitly ascribe these problems to the group as a whole, regardless of national origin, citizenship status, or generation. The interviews reveal how whites construct Latinos as a racial group by explaining that Latinos pass down their “deficient” culture to the subsequent generation and thus are unable to change, adapt, and progress. In essence, whites perceive Latino cultural traits as fixed. By doing so, whites use cultural racism to function as biological racism. This reveals a racial ideology toward Latinos the author terms perpetual inferiority, which accounts for how whites construct Latinos as a nonwhite racial group that is unable to assimilate. This study demonstrates specifically how external ascription affects the racial formation process of Latinos and their position within the racial hierarchy.
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Guyer, Paul. "Luigi Caranti’s Kant’s Political Legacy." Kantian Review 24, no. 2 (May 20, 2019): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369415419000062.
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AbstractLuigi Caranti seeks to find a foundation for a contemporary theory of human rights in Kant, as well as contemporary relevance for his project of perpetual peace and his teleology of political progress. I agree with much of what he says, but provide a different account of Kant’s foundations for morality in general and human rights in particular, and defend my critique of Kant’s conception of a guarantee of progress from Caranti’s defence of Kant.
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Williams, Howard. "Progress, Human Rights and Peace in Luigi Caranti’s Kant’s Political Legacy." Kantian Review 24, no. 2 (May 20, 2019): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369415419000050.
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AbstractIn recent decades a great deal of attention has been given to Kant’s writings on politics as presenting a possible path to lasting peace. In this literature too high an expectation is created over what Kant’s cosmopolitan thinking might achieve. Caranti’s book provides an excellent antidote to these speculations by spelling out clearly the implications of Kant’s peace theory. I suggest there may even be better ways for understanding the guarantee of perpetual peace, the role of religion and the ideal of the moral politician than Caranti maintains.
14
Krotov, Artem A. "Philosophical Premises for Saint-Pierre’s Project of the Perpetual Peace." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 64, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2021-64-6-92-109.
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The article analyzes the traditional and innovative worldview components in the political doctrine of Saint-Pierre, developed in his work Project for the Establishment of Perpetual Peace in Europe. Reflecting on the political prospects of mankind, the abbot highlighted the psychological motives that, in his opinion, determine acts of rulers. He proceeded from the idea that human nature does not change, his worldview is characterized by the belief that the final forms of government are already present in his epoch and are not subject to transformation. In his view, the existing political structure prevailing in various countries should not be changed, but there should be formed a supranational collective body, authorized to carry out international arbitration. Referring to Henry IV’s plan for universal peace in Europe, Saint-Pierre did not literally repeat it, although in order to promote his ideas he presented himself as a follower of the great monarch. Proclaiming the value of impartial reasoning, the abbot attached particular importance to convincing the rulers that war is not beneficial to them personally or to their subjects. He connected happiness with the wealth and prosperity of society, subordinating politics to morality. Recognizing progress in the intellectual and economic spheres, he treated wars as a factor impeding mankind’s progress. Unlike most philosophers of Enlightenment, Saint-Pierre did not adhere to anticlericalism. He believed that the other states would join gradually join united Europe, although this process would certainly be very long. Saint-Pierre attached exceptional importance to the legal side of the issue, to the formal agreement, and he definitely underestimated economic differences among nations.
15
Ypi, Lea. "Natura Daedala Rerum?On the Justification of Historical Progress in Kant'sGuarantee of Perpetual Peace." Kantian Review 14, no. 2 (July 2010): 118–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369415400001497.
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This article analyses the teleological argument justifying historical progress in Kant's Guarantee of Perpetual Peace. It starts by examining the controversies produced by Kant's claim that the teleology of nature supports the idea of a providential development of humanity towards moral progress and the possibility of achieving a cosmopolitan political constitution. It further illustrates how Kant's teleological argument inPerpetual Peaceneeds to be assessed with reference to two systematically relevant issues: first, the problem of coordination linked to the necessity of realizing the ‘highest good’ as a historical end of practical reason, and secondly the problem of continuity posed by the temporal limitation of all individual efforts to cultivate moral dispositions. To illustrate the implications of both issues for the teleological argument inPerpetual Peace, the article draws attention to some important developments in Kant's analysis of teleology following theCritique of Judgment.
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Regimbal, Gabrielle. "Bosnia’s Perpetual Purgatory: The Inability to Fulfill EU Accession Requirements." Global Affairs Review 1, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51330/gar.0020211.
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This paper argues that Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) should not begin the European Union’s accession process, and should instead remain on the ‘potential candidates’ list due to their continuous inability to meet the EU acquis. While some progress was made in 2020 towards meeting this goal, such as moderate candidate victories in the November election (over the reigning populist politicians) and the first elections being held in Mostar in December, BiH has failed to address the root of the issues. By examining the European Commission reports for BiH and researching the historical context surrounding the flawed state institutions, the following conclusion was determined. Due to BiH’s failure to comply with EU accession’s political, legal, and economic requirements, they are unable to be considered for induction, and the status quo should remain. Instead, the EU should foster methods of reconciliation for the three ethnic groups that dominate Bosnian society to help build consensus and foster compromise to fulfill accession requirements.
17
Zab Un Nisa, Gul e Zahra, and Syed Waqas Ali Bokhari. "The Syrian Peace Process: How Syria Can attain Perpetual Peace?" Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review V, no. III (September 30, 2020): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2020(v-iii).09.
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The Civil wars only can end by the total victory of one party against the other or through the table-talks. The progress about the political settlement of the Syrian crisis has stalled, and the Syrian regime did not show preparedness to accompanying its opponents. The regime cannot provoke directly with turkey and United States to asserts its influence in the north and eastern part of Syria. There is no political peace process to bring the fruits to date. As laid out under the United Nations Security Council UNSC in pursuance of 2254 resolution, the Geneva process has stuck. The mediation process under the United Nations is centrally focusing on establishing the legally bounded committee with the equal presentation of all stakeholders in this legal body or committee, significantly the regime, the opposition and the civil society inside Syria. The resolution was passed totally in December 2015, the said resolution drawn on four steps to ensuring the long-lasting resolution of the Syrian conflict.
18
Marzouki, Abou Yaareb. "The recurrent Islamic crisis: cultural heritage and social progress." Contemporary Arab Affairs 1, no. 3 (July 1, 2008): 347–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550910802163798.
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This article posits Arab and Muslim disunity as a function or corollary of a breakdown of imaginative creativity in the Muslim world, precipitated by a series of reactions to external factors which have derailed Islam from its natural role and proactive function as a process of perpetual reformation. The inherent pathology is that the terms of the debates have always been determined by exogenous factors. The potential, authentic avenues for social progress which are native to Islam, and the Islamic heritage which is entirely capable of providing an alternative to Western modernity, have been restricted or negated by this reactive stance, which has developed into a rigid, sterile and debilitating dogmatism. The article argues that the real root of the problem lies in the adoption by Muslims of alien methods and institutions, rather than in the considerable difficulties caused by foreign intervention, and suggests that the solution lies in the will to re-explore the analyses of some of Islam's great original thinkers.
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Sofka, James R. "Metternich's Theory of European Order: A Political Agenda for “Perpetual Peace”." Review of Politics 60, no. 1 (1998): 115–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500043953.
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This article examines the foreign policy of Prince Clemens Metternich of Austria, the chief architect of the Vienna Treaty of 1815, in the light of Enlightenment political thought. Metternich is commonly considered a reactionary and practitioner of callous balance-of-power diplomacy, and this article seeks to refute this conclusion. By examining Metternich's deeply held theoretical beliefs on the nature of the European state system, and above all his Kantian belief in progress and federalism, this essay concludes that Metternich pursued a reformist, and indeed idealistic, program in international politics which cannot be divorced from late Enlightenment philosophy. His Conference System, which was designed to regulate European politics in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, represented a novel experiment in European union which remains a pressing concern in the contemporary international system.
20
Gaston, James R. "Alberto Martinez Piedra, No God, No Civilization: The New Atheism & the Fantasy of Perpetual Progress." Catholic Social Science Review 24 (2019): 220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/cssr20192417.
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Prettner, Klaus. "A NOTE ON THE IMPLICATIONS OF AUTOMATION FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE LABOR SHARE." Macroeconomic Dynamics 23, no. 3 (June 15, 2017): 1294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100517000098.
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We introduce automation into a standard model of capital accumulation and show that (i) there is the possibility of perpetual growth, even in the absence of technological progress; (ii) the long-run economic growth rate declines with population growth, which is consistent with the available empirical evidence; (iii) there is a unique share of savings diverted to automation that maximizes long-run growth; and (iv) automation explains around 14% of the observed decline of the labor share over the last decades in the United States.
22
Hockett, Robert. "An FSOC for Continuous Public Investment: The National Reconstruction and Development Council." Michigan Business & Entrepreneurial Law Review, no. 10.1 (2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36639/mbelr.10.1.fsoc.
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The crisis our nation presently faces does not stem from COVID-19 alone. That was the match. The kindling was that we have forgotten for decades that “national development” both (a) is perpetual, and (b) requires national action to guide it, facilitate it, and keep it inclusive. Hamilton and Gallatin, Wilson and Hoover and Roosevelt all understood this and built institutions to operationalize it. Although the institutions were imperfectly operated, they were soundly conceived and designed. Abandoning these truths and institutions these past fifty years has degenerated not only our public health but also our nation’s industrial and infrastructural muscle to a critical point. The same now increasingly holds for our social fabric. Full national regeneration—Reconstruction in both the post-Civil War and the mid-20th century senses of the word—has thus become a matter of urgent, even existential, necessity. Continuous national development, in the perpetual renewal sense of the phrase, must follow that Reconstruction. This is what “Building Back Better” must mean. Key to any such national project is how it is organized and then orchestrated. This paper proposes means of both organizing and orchestrating. These means are simultaneously incrementalist in their reliance upon existing institutions, while also regenerative in enabling new synergies among those same institutions—much as our Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) is meant to enable our post-Lehman financial regulators to develop. An FSOC for national reconstruction and development will better use what we already have and augment it with a financing arm linked to the Federal Reserve and the Treasury. I call the resulting synthesis a National Reconstruction and Development Council (NRDC) and National Investment Council (NIC), which will both rebuild capacity now, and perpetually renew such capacity going forward, as knowledge and technology progress as they always do. Building Back Better means Building Back Now and Forever.
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Kornilov, Aleksei M. "The dilemmas of the digital revolution: technological unemployment or scientific crowdsourcing." Science management: theory and practice 1, no. 2 (2019): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2019.1.2.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Progress in science and technology drastically amplified by the effects of the so-called “digital revolution” threatens in a future if not nearest then quite foreseeable to completely negate labor as a factor in production. Developing uncontrollably such a scenario is doomed to bring about tectonic changes in the entire system of social relations the least of which will be the sucking of the global economy into perpetual depression. The article explores what form of creative activity can replace labor under the new conditions and to what extent it can be replaced by mass scientific research in the form of crowdsourcing.
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Thérien, Claude. "De la beauté comme symbole de la paix perpétuelle." Dialogue 36, no. 4 (1997): 753–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300017649.
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AbstractIn this article I consider the Kantian preference for natural beauty from a socio-political point of view. Instead of only regarding the “intellectual” significance of beauty in nature as a symbol of morality, I show that the aesthetic appreciation of natural beauty must also be understood in its dialectical relation to society as “the place of antagonism.” By highlighting this dialectical understanding, I point out the socio-political contribution of aesthetic experience for the cultural progress of humanity. The fragility of beauty in the context of culture can be further interpreted as a symbol of the temporality of the project of perpetual peace in politics.
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Sferlea, Ovidiu. "On the Interpretation of the Theory of Perpetual Progress (epektasis). Taking into Account the Testimony of Eastern Monastic Tradition." Revue d'Histoire Ecclésiastique 109, no. 3-4 (July 2014): 564–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.rhe.5.103197.
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Rakic, Vojin. "Religion within the boundaries of mere reason as the key for a comprehension of Kant's cosmopolitanism." Theoria, Beograd 53, no. 1 (2010): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1001005r.
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This article advances the thesis that Kant's cosmopolitanism is to be interpreted as a view that contains at its core the idea of a world state as the final destination of humanity's historical progress. Evidence for this is to be found in Kant's Religion Within the Boundaries of Mere Reason, in particular on the basis of an interpretation of the notion of the 'ethical commonwealth'. A phase in this progress of humanity toward a world state is a federation of states that Kant advances in Toward Perpetual Peace. Before elucidating this core idea of my article, a review of contemporary interpretations of Kant's cosmopolitanism will be offered. The primary division of these interpretations will be based on the distinction between the 'democratic peace paradigm' and the 'cosmopolitan democracy paradigm'. It will be asserted that the proponents of both paradigms generally claim to have Kantian underpinnings, but by and large suffer from a failure to devote the necessary attention to Religion Within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. This failure is above all detrimental to the argumentation of the proponents of the cosmopolitan democracy paradigm.
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Kwiecień, Roman. "Obserwatora i uczestnika spojrzenia na wojnę albo o obojętności i zaangażowaniu." Politeja 15, no. 53 (June 30, 2018): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.15.2018.53.10.
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Observer’s and Participant’s Views on War or about Indifference and Commitment. Deliberations under Kant’s PhilosophyThe article seeks to draw attention to Kant’s look at war and its importance for today’s debate on the use of force. Kant’s views on war are usually considered equivalent with his standpoint presented in Zum ewigen Frieden. However, Kant’s political philosophy offers broader perspective of the war problem. This perspective takes into account two standpoints, namely, the non‑involved observer standpoint and the committed participant one. The former tries to explain the war phenomenon, whereas the latter assesses it. Surprisingly enough, war can make to Kant a measure of progress within human society and leads to a real civitas gentium, that is, to society without wars which embodied the ideal of ‘perpetual peace’. According to Kant, such progress must be grounded on ‘revolution of freedom’ because individual human freedom conditions both moral maturity of mankind and political freedom. Unfortunately, taking into account a practise of domestic and international relations Kant turned out to be an excessive optimist.
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GARDNER, LLOYD, and BEVAN SEWELL. "Beyond the Ends of the Earth: Donald Rumsfeld, the Mantra of Progress, and an Outer-Space View of America's War on Terror." Journal of American Studies 45, no. 4 (November 2011): 643–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875811000892.
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This essay examines the way that US secretary of defense Donald Rumsfeld sought to apply one of the central lessons of the Vietnam War to the George W. Bush administration's War on Terror after 9/11. Following the disastrous withdrawal from Vietnam, Rumsfeld had argued that one of the major lessons to be taken forward was that, in future conflicts, the US needed to ensure that the war was portrayed to the public in a way that would ensure ongoing success. The way to do this, Rumsfeld subsequently averred, was to convey a message of perpetual, unstoppable, but not too rapid, progress; victory was at hand, but it would take some time to achieve. As part of this process, Rumsfeld developed an elaborate narrative based around a keyhole satellite picture of the Korean peninsula at night – one half, that of South Korea, bathed in the light of progress; the other, North Korea, nearly completely dark. This photo, Rumsfeld suggested, told you all you needed to know about the fact that the US would ultimately succeed in the War on Terror. In taking this approach, however, Rumsfeld unwittingly revealed an inherent contradiction that has continued to blight the administration of Barack Obama: that there is a very fine line between progress toward an inevitable endpoint of victory and progress toward a position whereby the US is able to withdraw. For Rumsfeld, progress was toward an endpoint of victory and it was only the change in political context after 2006 that derailed his attempts to set out this message; for Obama, on the other hand, progress has become a prerequisite for getting out of Afghanistan and Iraq.
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Pop, Teodora Maria. "Relecture d’Eurydice et d’Orphée dans L’empreinte de l’ange de Nancy Huston." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 67, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2022.1.16.
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"Rereading the Myth of Eurydice and Orpheus in Nancy Huston’s novel L’empreinte de l’ange. Perpetual and versatile, the myth of Orpheus is presented with new interpretations in each literary exploration of its complex symbolism. This paper aims to examine Canadian writer Nancy Huston's novel L’empreinte de l’ange from a mythocritical standpoint, revolving around a contemporary feminist reading of the myth of Orpheus. As such, our analysis observes the myth's transfigurations by means of a psychoanalytic framework targeted at the female protagonist, as well as in relation to the two Orphic couples present in the novel: Saffie-Raphaël and Saffie-András. This study focuses on the progress of the female protagonist in comparison to the mythical evolution of the nymph Eurydice. Keywords: Nancy Huston, L’empreinte de l’ange, Orpheus and Eurydice, the psychology of trauma "
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Obrisca, Bogdan, Gener Ismail, Roxana Jurubita, Catalin Baston, Andreea Andronesi, and Gabriel Mircescu. "Antiphospholipase A2 Receptor Autoantibodies: A Step Forward in the Management of Primary Membranous Nephropathy." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/249740.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the identification of PLA2R (M-type phospholipase A2 receptor) as the first human antigenic target in primary membranous nephropathy (MN), perpetual progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease. Accumulating clinical data support a pathogenic role for the anti-PLA2R antibodies (PLA2R ABs), but confirmation in an animal model is still lacking. However, PLA2R ABs were related to disease activity and outcome, as well as to response therapy. Accordingly, PLA2R ABs assay seems to be promising tool not only to diagnose MN but also to predict the course of the disease and could open the way to personalize therapy. Nevertheless, validation of a universal assay with high precision and definition of cut-off levels, followed by larger studies with a prolonged follow-up period, are needed to confirm these prospects.
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Eshun, Ekow. "A Liquid Africa." liquid blackness 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/26923874-8932595.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This essay coins the term liquid Africa to describe the continent as protean and fluid, a convergence point of diverse ideas and influences, shaped by the tidal wash of local, regional, and international cultural influences. The notion of a liquid Africa opposes long-standing representations of the continent in the Western imaginary as a homogenous landmass sunk in a perpetual past, suspended outside progress, and the antithesis of modernity. Through study of Samuel Bazawule's short film Diasporadical Trilogía (2017) and a number of other recent films primarily by creative practitioners of African origin, liquidity is addressed here as a curatorial category, denoting a shared versatility of practice, and in aesthetic, geographic, and temporal terms. Aesthetic strategies such as the use of water as a thematic device and of music to weave a tapestry of auditory affinities across place and time act as means of conjuring narratives of collective memory, of multiple pasts always within reach of the present, across the African diaspora. Finally, the essay considers how Diasporadical Trilogía in particular embraces fantasy as a liberatory form, a means of resistance to notions of Enlightenment progress, and a route toward an epistemic decentering based on Africa's vast cosmology of myths and beliefs.
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Rushkoff, Douglas. "Instead of People Using Technology, Technology Is Using People." NIM Marketing Intelligence Review 13, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nimmir-2021-0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The progress of artificial intelligence and new technologies triggers hot debates about the future of human life. While fans of the singularity say that artificial intelligence will become smarter than human beings and should take over the world, for others, such a vision is a sheer nightmare. Douglas Rushkoff is clearly part of the second group and takes a passionate pro-human stance. He explains why giving too much way to technologies is a mistake and why humans deserve a place in the digital future. Already today, technologies have a much stronger impact on our lives than most of us would believe. For him, being human is a team sport, and he asks for a more conscious use of technologies while keeping rapport with other people. To safeguard the humanness in a tech world, he advises to carefully select the values we embed in our algorithms. Rather than serving perpetual growth, technologies ought to help people reconnect with each other and their physical surroundings.
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Shaytanov, I. O. "A ‘small homeland’ in the world context. On Vasily Belov’s early stories." Voprosy literatury, no. 3 (June 22, 2021): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2021-3-46-58.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vasily Belov (1932–2012), from his early works appreciated as one of the most gifted among the ‘village prose’ writers, expects to be read today in a changing literary and cultural context. In the Soviet period he was officially criticised for his partiality to the ‘small homeland’ presumably opposed by him to historical progress and innovation, and, on the other hand, blamed for conservatism and xenophobia in his perpetual chase for those whom he found guilty for the decline of the harmony in a countryside Russia. The issues Belov would take in his time and context are not forgotten today but in their present-day actuality look even more urgent and dramatic. ‘The country and the city’ — a recurring problem of historical evolution (R. Williams) stands up in its new significance with a view to what is seen now as a global world fraught with either a new threat or a promising perspective to national cultures.
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Bachiri, Housseine. "A personalized Reflection on Online Education in Morocco: Pedagogical Gains and Pittfalls." International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies 3, no. 1 (February 19, 2022): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlts.v3i1.203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper aspires to provide a reflection, inspired from personal experience, on online education at the university level in Morocco. The data has been gathered by means of recently published literature on online education to enable the researcher to be at a better position to critically evaluate concepts, methodologies and teaching approaches in tandem with online education. The use of information technology to publicly promote the renewal and revival of education in general and teaching in particular is a blatant epistemological marker of our education model’s progress in terms of digitalization and computerization of educational resources via different robust national programs, such as MARWAN (2002), GENIE (2005), NAFIDA (2008), INJAZ (2009) and LAWHATI (2015). In fact, this has given rise to emerging technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data (BD) and the Internet of Things (IOT). In this regard, it must be noted that the current Moroccan education system exhibits diversified online education trends both in form and content, and thus this new paradigm of learning abundantly introduces various types of intelligent education systems and platforms that emerge on a perpetual basis. Owing to this conscious online shift, both the class content and the learning context of students can be tracked and monitored at any time, which is directly conducive to fathoming out the individualization and differentiation of students in a timely manner.
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Shafique, Saima, Abou Bakar, Fatima Farooq, and Kishwar Perveen. "Social Exclusion, Entrepreneurship and Public Policy Challenges for Pakistan." Review of Economics and Development Studies 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/reads.v4i2.406.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Social exclusion is manifested in inability of the masses to eradicate its causes resulting in perpetual obstruction in attaining vital facilities of life. A level of human and social progress is directly linked with enabling populous to maintain sustained level of financial depth and development. Societies with sufficient supply of entrepreneurs comfortably sustain a balanced progression of societal goals especially in current global atmosphere. With weak institutional setting and vaguely defined goals, there is a need to change the orientation of public sector in developing countries like Pakistan. The public sector entrepreneurship is essential to create enabling environment for creating entrepreneur friendly policies. It is especially important for Pakistan with CPEC connecting most poor of the regions of the country with the main stream to create policies that can reduce the impact of social exclusion of people of these regions. Urban fringe and labor skills development with efficient institutions having participatory and modern outlook (e-governance) to cater for the needs of entrepreneurs are essentially required for creating a socially vibrant and thriving population in Pakistan.
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Angulo, Ángela, Jialin Tang, Ali Khadimallah, Slim Soua, Cristinel Mares, and Tat-Hean Gan. "Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Fatigue Crack Growth in Mooring Chains." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (May 28, 2019): 2187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112187.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Offshore installations are subject to perpetual fatigue loading and are usually very hard to inspect. Close visual inspection from the turret is usually too hazardous for divers and is not possible with remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) because of the limited access. Conventional nondestructive techniques (NDTs) have been used in the past to carry out inspections of mooring chains, floating production storage and offloading systems (FPSOs), and other platforms. Although these have been successful at detecting and assessing fatigue cracks, the hazardous nature of the operations calls for remote techniques that could be applied continuously to identify damage initiation and progress. The aim of the present work is to study the capabilities of acoustic emission (AE) as a monitoring tool to detect fatigue crack initiation and propagation in mooring chains. A 72-day large-scale experiment was designed for this purpose. A detailed analysis of the different AE signal time domain features was not conclusive, possibly due to the high level of noise. However, the frequency content of the AE signals offers a promising indication of fatigue crack growth.
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Samuels, Albert. "Not So Exceptional." National Review of Black Politics 1, no. 1 (January 2020): 4–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nrbp.2020.1.1.4.
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Donald Trump’s victory in the 2016 presidential election stunned the political establishment as well as much of the academy, provoking scholars to search for answers to explain this unexpected result. His win is particularly striking considering that he is the antithesis of his successor, Barack Obama. As the nation’s first African American president, Obama embodies the triumph of the idea that “American exceptionalism” and commitment to the nation’s first principles can overcome America’s tragic history with respect to race. American exceptionalism premises itself on the idea that the United States, unlike Europe, lacks an “ancient regime” based on class hierarchy and aristocratic privilege. This article argues that this assumption is false: the United States does have an “ancient regime”—what I call white capitalist patriarchy. This “ancient regime,” unlike the ones in Europe, is based fundamentally on race and white supremacy. I argue that the perpetual cycles of racial progress followed by retrenchment throughout American history are best explained as evidence of the existence of this ancient regime and the reactionary political tradition to which it gives rise.
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Manzoni, Alessandro, and Joseph Luzzi. "Letter on Romanticism." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 119, no. 2 (March 2004): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081204x22747.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It was a foreign critic, ironically, who grasped the insurmountable national challenge that alessandro Manzoni posed to himself and to Italy's future authors with his monumental novel I promessi sposi (The Betrothed [1827, rev. ed. 1840]). Manzoni's basic theme, Georg Lukács writes, is “much less a given, concrete, historical crisis of national history” than it is “the tragedy of the Italian people as a whole” (70). This eternal plight—distilled into the story of the courtship and separation of two peasants in seventeenth-century Lombardy during plague, riots, and Spanish occupation—encompassed Italy's perpetual struggle against foreign rule, its lack of a unifying language and polity, and its reticent modernity, especially its tensions between religious tradition and secular progress. According to Lukács, the universality of the text combined with the abiding, unchanging nature of the problems it fictionalized essentially exhausted the genre of the historical novel that it introduced to Italy. Posterity has vindicated this assessment. Manzoni abandoned the genre soon after I promessi sposi to dedicate himself to historical writing proper, and his novel remains ensconced in the Italian public imaginary, just behind Dante's Commedia, as the towering, mythic work that helped occasion Italy's belated unification in 1861.
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Mespoulet, Jerome, Hakim Abdulhamid, and Paul Deconinck. "Damping evaluation of a ballistic foam: from tests to simulations." EPJ Web of Conferences 250 (2021): 06011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125006011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The perpetual evolution of soldiers light weight armors include now high technology ceramic, composite and polymeric in ballistic vest that are optimized by simulations. Knowledge of individual material response in the strain, strain rate regime closed to the threat stays mandatory and thus collecting parameters to fit material models guarantees reliable numerical investigations. Since 2015, THIOT INGENIERIE Shock Physics Laboratory has been selected by the French Defence procurement agency DGA-Land Systems to perform materials characterization in three main families of ballistic materials [1-2]. A coupled approach between laboratory experiments and numerical simulations has shown its relevance with ceramic and an Ultra High Molecular Weight PolyEthylene composite (UHMWPE). This paper presents succinctly the last part of those experimental investigations on a polymeric foam that is implemented on the soldier’s chest [3]. The material behavior under dynamic loading has been first evaluated using Split Hokinson Pressure Bars (SHPB) up to 5000s-1. Ballistic tests have been performed in a second time using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) with ultrahigh speed cameras at the back of the target plate to evaluate the damping behavior. Numerical simulations are under progress and the first results are promising.
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Marrouchi, Sahbi, and Souad Ben Saber. "A Comparative Study of Fuzzy Logic, Genetic Algorithm, and Gradient-Genetic Algorithm Optimization Methods for Solving the Unit Commitment Problem." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/708275.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the continuous increase of the population and the perpetual progress of industry, the energy management presents nowadays a relevant topic that concerns researchers in electrical engineering. Indeed, in order to establish a good exploitation of the electrical grid, it is necessary to solve technical and economic problems. This can only be done through the resolution of the Unit Commitment Problem. Unit Commitment Problem allows optimizing the combination of the production units’ states and determining their production planning, in order to satisfy the expected consumption with minimal cost during a specified period which varies usually from 24 hours to one week. However, each production unit has some constraints that make this problem complex, combinatorial, and nonlinear. This paper presents a comparative study between a strategy based on hybrid gradient-genetic algorithm method and two strategies based on metaheuristic methods, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithm, in order to predict the combinations and the unit commitment scheduling of each production unit in one side and to minimize the total production cost in the other side. To test the performance of the optimization proposed strategies, strategies have been applied to the IEEE electrical network 14 busses and the obtained results are very promising.
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Emmanuel, Silas David, I. M. Bugaje, and S. M. Mohammmad. "An Overview of the Cure of HIV/AIDS Harbal Therapy Containing Natural Antioxidant, Vitamins and Minerals." Sustainability in Environment 6, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): p26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/se.v6n3p26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purposes: The unprecedented and sequence through which an estimate of 25 million lives have gone to their early grave yard through Acquired Immune-deficiency Syndrome HIV/AIDS can never be quantified; since, when it was first describes in 1981. In 2017/2018 by (UNAIDS) it was estimated globally for about 36.9millions people were living with Human, Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) so to say. Henceforth the progress made in the field of treatment in the form of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) disease has not been fully ascertain for the cure of HIV/AIDS; except, perpetual clinical suppressions. Thus, the current challenges that man kinds faces with the used of perpetual intake of antiretroviral therapy (clinical suppression)/artificial vaccine is un-justifiable. However, search for HIV therapy have open a new chapter in the search for novel drugs from Kaduna Polytechnic procedure. This review focuses on vitamins, antioxidant, mineral and supplement as sources of in-hibitors or eradications for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) reverse transcriptase. Objective: To assess whether vitamins, antioxidant, minerals supplement are effective and safe in eradicating mortality and morbidity among populace with HIV infection. Selection criteria: Randomized control trials were selected that compared the effect of vitamins (A, C, D, E, K,), antioxidant, minerals and supplement with regard to treatment measures in HIV infected persons. Methods: To prevent authors bias, based on a systematic search of literature; anti-HIV reverse transcriptase activity of some plant’s species like those of Eucalyptus leaves, Garlic fresh fruits, Baobab leaves, aloe vera, neem leaves, moringa leaves, bitter leaves etc. respectively. Thus, these medicinal plants contain an appreciable or above values antioxidant compound or photochemical like those of Phenolic, anthraquinone, tannin, falconoid, terpenoid, lignin, coumarins etc. respectively. Contrarywise, these phytochemical compounds have been exploited traditionally for the cure of many diseases as well as inhibition of viral replication/transcription. Further investigations have shared more light through which phytochemicals compounds inhibit virus replication either during the viral entry inside the host cell or during their replication. Originality: in view of the current investigation or to accelerate drug discovery and innovation, this review recommends the urgent need to tap into the enrich locally available endogenous knowledge of putative anti- HIV/AIDS, photochemical and their derivatives, (reverse pharmacology, determine pan assay, interferences compounds, microbial enzyme metabolites relationship and their mechanisms to treat virial diseases.
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Brett, Rachel. "‘How soon was now?’: A retrospective on the popularity of nouveau vintage." Clothing Cultures 6, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 365–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/cc_00023_1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fashion is a product and reflection of time and tantamount to modernity. The promise of which rests in the future, thus fashion is forever looking forward in the ambition to be ‘new’. Vintage fashion, namely clothes from past periods apprehend this perpetual cycle, often adopted by alternative groups of consumers to create different looks as a subcultural trend. This trend has in recent times been subsumed by capitalism while the label ‘vintage’ has become a marketing term applied to new mass-produced fashions. What can be understood from society’s attitude to progress and the promise of modernity by this remaking of the past into a pastiche? Fashion can prove to be a perfect conduit through which to understand complex conceptualisations of time, and more specifically the concept of 'political time'. What people wear can further cast a light on public consciousness and its faith in development and hope for a better future. This article will consider conceptions of time and modernity as a theoretical tool to reflect on the development of nouveau vintage, which is a recreation of vintage styles and fashion, mass produced for a wider market. Including the role of memory and dialectics, nouveau vintage can be thought of as a refusal for development, while demonstrating fashion is a cultural object worthy of philosophical enquiry.
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Hrdy, Camilla, and Daniel Brean. "Enabling Science Fiction." Michigan Technology Law Review, no. 27.2 (2021): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.36645/mtlr.27.2.enabling.
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Patent law promotes innovation by giving inventors 20-year-long exclusive rights to their inventions. To be patented, however, an invention must be “enabled,” meaning the inventor must describe it in enough detail to teach others how to make and use the invention at the time the patent is filed. When inventions are not enabled, like a perpetual motion machine or a time travel device, they are derided as “mere science fiction”—products of the human mind, or the daydreams of armchair scientists, that are not suitable for the patent system. This Article argues that, in fact, the literary genre of science fiction has its own unique—albeit far laxer—enablement requirement. Since the genre’s origins, fans have demanded that the inventions depicted in science fiction meet a minimum standard of scientific plausibility. Otherwise, the material is denigrated as lazy hand-waving or, worse, “mere fantasy.” Taking this insight further, the Article argues that, just as patents positively affect the progress of science and technology by teaching others how to make and use real inventions, so too can science fiction, by stimulating scientists’ imagination about what sorts of technologies might one day be possible. Thus, like patents, science fiction can have real world impacts for the development of science and technology. Indeed, the Article reveals that this trajectory—from science fiction to science reality—can be seen in the patent record itself, with several famous patents tracing their origins to works of science fiction.
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Song, Y., M. She, and K. Köser. "VIRTUALLY THROWING BENCHMARKS INTO THE OCEAN FOR DEEP SEA PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND IMAGE PROCESSING EVALUATION." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-4-2022 (May 18, 2022): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-4-2022-353-2022.
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Abstract. Vision in the deep sea is acquiring increasing interest from many fields as the deep seafloor represents the largest surface portion on Earth. Unlike common shallow underwater imaging, deep sea imaging requires artificial lighting to illuminate the scene in perpetual darkness. Deep sea images suffer from degradation caused by scattering, attenuation and effects of artificial light sources and have a very different appearance to images in shallow water or on land. This impairs transferring current vision methods to deep sea applications. Development of adequate algorithms requires some data with ground truth in order to evaluate the methods. However, it is practically impossible to capture a deep sea scene also without water or artificial lighting effects. This situation impairs progress in deep sea vision research, where already synthesized images with ground truth could be a good solution. Most current methods either render a virtual 3D model, or use atmospheric image formation models to convert real world scenes to appear as in shallow water appearance illuminated by sunlight. Currently, there is a lack of image datasets dedicated to deep sea vision evaluation. This paper introduces a pipeline to synthesize deep sea images using existing real world RGB-D benchmarks, and exemplarily generates the deep sea twin datasets for the well known Middlebury stereo benchmarks. They can be used both for testing underwater stereo matching methods and for training and evaluating underwater image processing algorithms. This work aims towards establishing an image benchmark, which is intended particularly for deep sea vision developments.
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Ishizuka, Y. "Turning each patient into clinical research project through lifetrack." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73020-6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectiveTo demonstrate how an on-going psychotherapy practice can be turned into a perpetual research project by tracking progress (or lack thereof) of each patient through daily self-rating on 41 parameters. The author has treated 1,213 patients over the last 20 years, showing that psychiatric symptoms (such as anxiety, anger, physical symptoms, depression, and psychosis) can be predictably eliminated by transforming personality through ‘Breakthrough Intimacy’ - closeness between committed couples far greater than their previous maximum experience, usually without drugs and often within 6 months.MethodLifetrack therapy works with the patient and his/her partner in three-way teamwork, bringing them far closer than ever before, guided by their own daily self-rating on 41 parameters that allow accurate graphic tracking via Internet of subtle changes in their personalities and dynamic mental status during each therapy session. The therapist actively helps the couple to think, feel, and act in such ways that their closeness will increase, provoking and overcoming waves of symptom spikes (defense) until they disappear by exhaustion, as the couples undergo personality transformation.ResultsOf the 1,213 patients treated over the last 20 years, 50% reached a level of adjustment beyond their previous best level according to their own daily self-rating. Patients with partners (871) did 4 times better (61.4% vs. 15.2%) than singles (342). Ot those who did not drop out of therapy during the first month, 78% of patients with partners (659) reached their previous maximum of 10, while only 11% of those without partners did so.
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Hein, James. "Completions of perpetual logic programs." Theoretical Computer Science 99, no. 1 (June 1992): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90172-c.
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Delov, E. "The results of the examination of German and some French institutions for the mentally ill." Neurology Bulletin VIII, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 31–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb51037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The XIX century, marked by a colossal progress in all branches of human knowledge, as expected, did not remain without influence in cultural countries to improve the situation of keeping, treating and looking after the mentally ill. A hundred years ago, the famous French psychiatrist Pinel, who removed the chains from the mentally ill, to whom they were attached, and preached humane treatment of such patients, gave a push to this at the end of a hundred years ago. A whole series of the following psychiatrists in all civilized countries tried to put this principle into practice and develop it further; thanks to their scientific research, they raised psychiatry as a science to the respectable place that it occupies among other branches of medical knowledge. The society, awakened from the gripping of its perpetual indifference to the fate of its unfortunate fellows who got sick, as if conscious of its guilt for the deprivation that the mentally ill previously experienced in the old hospitals - prisons, begins to worry little about the result In recent years, in our country and in all civilized states, one after another, new psychiatric hospitals are growing whole palaces, where, down to the smallest details, everything is foreseen, according to the newest views, for the rational maintenance and treatment of their sick people. Hospitals such as Herzberge and Wuhlgarten near Berlin, Dziekanka near Gnezen, the famous colony for the mentally ill Alt-Scherbitz, clinics in Halle and Hedelberg, Munsigen hospitals in Switzerland and Kierling in Switzerland, with their orders and orders, amaze in them, and the achieved results in the maintenance and treatment of the mentally ill.
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Brannon, E. L. "The perpetual oversight of hatchery programs." Fisheries Research 18, no. 1-2 (October 1993): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(93)90037-8.
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Druszcz, Julia, and Marcin Liberacki. "The issue of dactyloscopy in terms of police activities." Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy 2, no. 39 (June 30, 2021): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9219.
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Fingerprints have been known since the dawn of time and as early as in the Stone Age they were used to sign agreements and deeds. Dactyloscopy – a field of criminology – arose and developed thanks to technological progress. Fingerprints accompany human beings throughout their entire lives, from their early beginnings in their mothers’ wombs to their death. They cannot be changed or removed without damaging the dermis of fingers. Lines which can be observed on the fingertips make systematic patterns. People leave dactyloscopic traces on a daily basis. It is the consequence of a special reaction of the substance which includes both sweat and fat. This substance comes off the fingertip and leaves traces. Fingerprints traces can be disclosed with the use of different methods. The spectrum of these methods is very wide. It was reflected and indicated in the content of this publication. Procedures play a very important role in the work of dactyloscopy technicians. They have an incredible impact on the success of the entire process of people’s identification with the use of fingerprints which were left. Implementation of established algorithms is crucial with regard to the possibility to collecting all the evidentiary material effectively. Identification and comparison of fingerprints traces constitute very important elements in the work of law enforcement authorities. Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) facilitates this processing. AFIS is in the possession of a huge database allowing for an identification of fingerprints in a shorter time. Without that tool, it would be difficult or even impossible to compare different fingerprints. The authors show the development of methods, techniques and research instruments which are used in the identification process. The development of modern technologies combined with achievements in biology or chemistry will cause further, perpetual evolution in the researched field.
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Calero-DdelC, Victoria L., Irene Popova, Aaron Bicknell, Richard Indyk, Joe Sullivan, and John Fitzsimmons. "Improvement of Back-Side Cosmetic Defects And Wafer Strength." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2013, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 000672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2013-wp27.
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The continued challenge to keep up with Moore's law with aggressive device scaling, and shrinking wiring dimensions established perpetual need for novel materials and dictates ever tighter semiconductor process fidelity. Despite large progress with reducing defect densities on the device side of Si wafers, considerably less attention is being paid to the wafer back-side. Back-side wafer defects have been shown to reduce yield by leading to die breakage during packaging processes. Scratches and voids formed on the back-side of the wafer during various manufacturing processes have been shown to create weak spots on the wafer, which can act as initiation points for die crack formation and propagation. In this paper, we present the technical details of a back-side wet etch clean process which helps reducing back-side defect densities significantly. The process is set up on a single wafer wet etch tool at IBM's East Fishkill 300 mm wafer fabrication facility. The process removes the outer back-side layer of the silicon wafer which has become defective and damaged as a result of previous processing steps. This new defect removal process increases die strength, which is measured as wafer mechanical strength, and removes surface defects from the back-side of the wafer. Our results show that removal of 15–30 microns from the wafer back-side reduces the amount of cosmetic defects on the back-side of the wafer by 90%, while increasing die strength by 60%. The effects of the back-side wet etch clean process on the wafer optical appearance and mechanical properties were characterized, and supporting data such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), defect inspection, thermal interface material adhesion test, and die strength is included. Results from package level modules indicate an increase in reliability compared to the uncleaned Si back-side. It can be concluded that wet Si removal process described in this paper is a viable method to reduce the back-side defect density with an associated increase in final module product yield.