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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Ouk, Minae, and Geoffrey S. D. Beach. "Perpendicularly Magnetized Thin-Film Antidot Arrays for Superparamagnetic Microbead Actuation." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 55, no. 9 (September 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2019.2918264.

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Hassan, M., S. Laureti, C. Rinaldi, F. Fagiani, S. Varotto, G. Barucca, N. Y. Schmidt, G. Varvaro, and M. Albrecht. "Perpendicularly magnetized Co/Pd-based magneto-resistive heterostructures on flexible substrates." Nanoscale Advances 3, no. 11 (2021): 3076–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1na00110h.

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Flexible PMA spin-valve thin film stacks with a high magneto-electric robustness aginst bending were obtained on large-area substrates by using an effective and versatile Au-mediated transfer and bonding strategy.

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Maji, Saikat, Ankan Mukhopadhyay, Soubhik Kayal, and P. S. Anil Kumar. "Domain wall chirality reversal by interfacial engineering in Pt/Co/Pt based perpendicularly magnetized systems." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 023907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0117198.

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Heavy metal/ferromagnet interfaces in systems with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) hosts chiral Néel wall with the assistance of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (iDMI). We have investigated field induced domain wall motion in the creep regime to estimate the effective iDMI strength, [Formula: see text] of sputter-deposited Ta/Pt/Co/Pt and Ta/Pt/Co/Au/Pt thin films that exhibit PMA. Two similar Pt/Co interfaces on either side of the Co layer in the Ta/Pt/Co/Pt system lead to a small [Formula: see text] with a negative sign that supports the Néel type domain wall of right-handed chirality. Ultrathin Au layers of different thicknesses have been deposited at the top Co/Pt interface to introduce asymmetry around the Co layer and control the [Formula: see text]. Here, two interfaces (Pt/Co and Au/Co) of opposite iDMI polarity have been chosen to invert the domain wall chirality to the left-handed chirality instead of the right-handed chirality found in the Ta/Pt/Co/Pt system.

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Chaves-O'Flynn, Gabriel D., Eric Vanden-Eijnden, D. L. Stein, and A. D. Kent. "Energy barriers to magnetization reversal in perpendicularly magnetized thin film nanomagnets." Journal of Applied Physics 113, no. 2 (January 14, 2013): 023912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4775485.

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Zhou, Sai, Yiyue Wang, and Yaowen Liu. "Modelling of Magnetic Stray Fields in Multilayer Magnetic Films with In-Plane or Perpendicular Anisotropy." Magnetochemistry 8, no. 11 (November 19, 2022): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8110159.

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The magnetic stray field is an unavoidable consequence of magnetic multilayers, which may have a significant influence on the performance of spintronic devices. Based on Maxwell’s magnetostatics theory, here we numerically calculated the distributions of magnetic stray fields and self-demagnetizing fields in a series of patterned multilayer thin-film structures with either an in-plane or a perpendicularly magnetized ferromagnetic layer. The stray field above the ferromagnetic layer is inhomogeneous, showing the dramatic changes near the sample edge, but the uniformity in the center region could be improved with the increasing sample size. The stray field strength tends to zero for large samples, increases with the increase in the hard-layer thickness, and decreases with the increase in the distance D away from the ferromagnetic layer. In the multilayer samples, the separately simulated stray field and self-demagnetizing field within the soft layer agree well with the classic magnetostatic relationship of B=μ0(Hd+M). For the in-plane magnetized trilayer sample, the magnetic-flux density within the soft ferromagnetic layer slightly decreases in the antiparallel magnetization alignment and increases in the parallel alignment state with the increase in the intermediate non-magnetic-layer thickness. In contrast, for the sample with the perpendicular magnetization, the magnetic-flux density decreases as the non-magnetic layer is thickened for both the antiparallel and parallel state. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the design of thin-film spintronic devices.

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Sinha, Banibrato, Sreekar Guddeti, and P. S. Anil Kumar. "Engineering the tilt angle in quasi-perpendicularly magnetized Ta/Pt/CoFeB/Pt thin films." Physica B: Condensed Matter 572 (November 2019): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2019.08.020.

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Cockbill, Louisa. "Combining a topological insulator with a perpendicular magnetized ferromagnetic thin film." Scilight 2017, no. 16 (October 9, 2017): 160003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5008260.

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Xing, Tao, Nicolas Vernier, Xueying Zhang, Alessio Raskine, and Weisheng Zhao. "Real-time probing technique of domain wall dynamic in perpendicularly magnetized film." AIP Advances 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 015306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0131391.

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We present the study of a rarely mentioned method for measuring the magnetic domain wall velocity, which makes it possible to have a real-time probing of the domain wall movement in the perpendicularly magnetized thin film. We have compared this technique in detail with the most common Kerr imaging method. The comparison results show interesting differences if the spot size is too small. It can be explained by the dendritic shape of the domain wall. By changing the size spot, we propose a basic model that describes quite well the transit time in the laser spot as a function of its size and makes it possible to extract the velocity and depth of the dendrites. By generalizing our method, it helps people to understand magnetic domain wall dynamics from the temporal dimension and helps the academic community to obtain intrinsic domain wall motion characteristics in the film sample, ultimately promoting the development of spintronic devices.

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Xing, Tao, Nicolas Vernier, Xue Ying Zhang, You Guang zhang, and Wei Sheng Zhao. "Temporal Observation of Barkhausen Avalanche with Short-Range Interaction in Perpendicularly Magnetized Thin Film." Materials Science Forum 1070 (October 13, 2022): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-672442.

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We present here a method for measuring the temporal Bakehausen scaling exponent in a two-dimensional thin film. The scaling exponent with long-range interaction is observed to be consistent with theoretical and experimental results. In addition, we demonstrate the characteristic exponent with short-range interaction. Our method contributes to the understanding of DW dynamics and helps to optimize spintronic devices.

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Chen, Shaohai, Jihang Yu, Qidong Xie, Xiangli Zhang, Weinan Lin, Liang Liu, Jing Zhou, et al. "Free Field Electric Switching of Perpendicularly Magnetized Thin Film by Spin Current Gradient." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 11, no. 33 (July 26, 2019): 30446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b09146.

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Öztürk, Mustafa. "Coercivity Enhancement and the Analysis of Asymmetric Loops in a Perpendicularly Magnetized Thin Film." Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 33, no. 10 (June 10, 2020): 3097–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10948-020-05564-5.

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Xie, K. X., W. W. Lin, H. C. Sun, Y. Nie, and H. Sang. "Time dependence of magnetization reversal influenced by current in perpendicularly magnetized Co/Pt thin film." Journal of Applied Physics 104, no. 8 (October 15, 2008): 083907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3002419.

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Wu, Han-Chun, Xiao Liu, Cormac Ó. Coileáin, Hongjun Xu, Mourad Abid, Mohamed Abid, Askar Syrlybekov, et al. "Competition Between Anti-Phase Boundaries and Charge-Orbital Ordering in Epitaxial Stepped Fe3O4(100) Thin Films." SPIN 07, no. 02 (November 22, 2016): 1750001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010324717500011.

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Magnetite is a highly utilized transition metal oxide with many interesting magnetic and transport properties. The presence of anti-phase boundaries (APBs) and charge-orbital ordering (COO) are two of the most exciting properties of epitaxial magnetite thin films. Here, epitaxial stepped Fe3O4 films were prepared to investigate the competition between APBs and COO via measurements of in-plane anisotropy. The anisotropy was probed for two orthogonal configurations, with magnetic field applied or electrical-contacts aligned either along or perpendicular to the steps. We reveal that the APBs dominate the magnetic and transport properties of the films above the Verwey transition temperature ([Formula: see text]. However, below [Formula: see text] film thickness becomes a decisive factor in determining the magnetic nature of stepped magnetite films, due to its correlation with domain size. When the film is thinner than a critical thickness, the anisotropy is dominated by the APBs, and a higher anisotropy constant and MR ratio are observed when the magnetic field or contacts are oriented along the steps. Conversely, for sufficiently thick films, below [Formula: see text], the magnetic and electrical transport properties are dominated by COO. Thus a higher anisotropy constant and MR ratio are observed when the magnetic field or contacts are oriented perpendicular to the steps.

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Mansell, Rhodri, Taddäus Schaffers, Rasmus B. Holländer, Huajun Qin, and Sebastiaan van Dijken. "Interaction of propagating spin waves with extended skyrmions." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 242402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0121363.

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Active control of propagating short-wavelength spin waves in perpendicularly magnetized materials is promising for designing nanoscale magnonic devices. One method of manipulating spin waves on the nanoscale is through their interaction with magnetic textures, an example of which is the magnetic skyrmion—a particle-like topological object stabilized in thin film heterostructures by the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. In this paper, the interaction between spin waves and skyrmions is studied using micromagnetic simulations. The magnetic parameters chosen are similar to those found experimentally, leading to a skyrmion with an extended core of reversed magnetization. The effect of a propagating spin wave on the skyrmion is to cause the emission of a secondary spin wave by the skyrmion. At low frequencies, where the incoming spin wave wavelength is much larger than the skyrmion, this leads to a nearly circular re-emitted spin wave. The pattern of emission becomes increasingly complex at higher frequencies as the wavelength becomes similar to the skyrmion size due to the complex excitation of the extended core. The emitted spin wave profile can be controlled by altering the size of the skyrmion through the magnitude of the DMI, providing a method of tuning the system.

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Sayad, Abkar, Efstratios Skafidas, and Patrick Kwan. "Magneto-Impedance Biosensor Sensitivity: Effect and Enhancement." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 12, 2020): 5213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185213.

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Biosensors based on magneto-impedance (MI) effect are powerful tools for biomedical applications as they are highly sensitive, stable, exhibit fast response, small in size, and have low hysteresis and power consumption. However, the performance of these biosensors is influenced by a variety of factors, including the design, geometry, materials and fabrication procedures. Other less appreciated factors influencing the MI effect include measuring circuit implementation, the material used for construction, geometry of the thin film sensing element, and patterning shapes compatible with the interface microelectronic circuitry. The type magnetic (ferrofluid, Dynabeads, and nanoparticles) and size of the particles, the magnetic particle concentration, magnetic field strength and stray magnetic fields can also affect the sensor sensitivity. Based on these considerations it is proposed that ideal MI biosensor sensitivity could be achieved when the sensor is constructed in sandwich thick magnetic layers with large sensing area in a meander shape, measured with circuitry that provides the lowest possible external inductance at high frequencies, enclosed by a protective layer between magnetic particles and sensing element, and perpendicularly magnetized when detecting high-concentration of magnetic particles.

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Rosier, T. M., Y. He та N. A. El-Masry. "Microstructural and Magnetotransport (EHE) Properties of Epitaxial τ-MnAl on (100)GaAs Substrates by Pulsed Laser Deposition". MRS Proceedings 403 (1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-403-695.

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AbstractWe report on the crystal quality and magnetotransport properties (EHE) of epitaxial (001) τ-MnA1/GaAs(100) grown by the laser ablation deposition technique. Films (10–30 nm thick) were grown by two methods: (1) ablating a τ-MnAl target, prepared in-house; (2) alternate deposition of ultra thin layers of Mn and Al (˜6 periods) followed by annealing at different temperatures. For both deposition approaches ultrathin coherent epitaxial τ-MnAl films have been grown at temperatures in the range 250–420°C that is below the ε-phase transformation temperature. Reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to characterize the crystalline quality of the deposited films. The Extraordinary Hall Effect measurements (EHE) indicate that the deposited films are perpendicularly magnetized showing coercivity up to 6 kOe at room temperature. The epitaxial growth of thin film ferromagnetic materials on lattice matching semiconductor substrates offers the possibility of integrating magnetic and semiconducting devices.

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Welbourne, Emma N., Tarun Vemulkar, and Russell P. Cowburn. "High-yield fabrication of perpendicularly magnetised synthetic antiferromagnetic nanodiscs." Nano Research, January 25, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3307-1.

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AbstractSynthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) particles with perpendicular anisotropy display a number of desirable characteristics for applications in biological and other fluid environments. We present an efficient and effective method for the patterning of ultrathin Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida coupled, perpendicularly magnetised SAFs using a combination of nanosphere lithography and ion milling. A Ge sacrificial layer is utilised, which provides a clean and simple lift-off process, as well as maintaining the key magnetic properties that are beneficial to target applications. We demonstrate that the method is capable of producing a particularly high yield of well-defined, thin film based nanoparticles.

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Gutierrez, J., B. Raes, J. Van de Vondel, A. V. Silhanek, R. B. G. Kramer, G. W. Ataklti, and V. V. Moshchalkov. "First vortex entry into a perpendicularly magnetized superconducting thin film." Physical Review B 88, no. 18 (November 8, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.88.184504.

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Koda, Tetsunori, Sho Muroga, and Yasushi Endo. "Slot line waveguide induced magnetization dynamics of perpendicularly magnetized La-YIG thin film." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2021, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2021.3089769.

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Gehanno, V., A. Marty, and B. Gilles. "Structure and Magnetic Properties of Epitaxial Ordered FePd (001) Thin Films." MRS Proceedings 441 (1996). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-441-409.

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AbstractEquiatomic FePd (001) thin films have been deposited by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on a Pd (001) surface. We show that the degree of chemical order in the epitaxial layer is highly dependant on the temperature of deposition thus leading to a drastic change in the magnetic properties. At 25°C, while the RHEED oscillations reveal a layer by layer growth, the structural study demonstrates that the disordered phase has grown. In that case, the easy magnetization axis lies in the plane of the layer. At 350°C, the RHEED oscillations show that the growth proceeds bilayer by bilayer. We find that the tetragonal L10 ordered phase is stabilized with its 4-fold symmetry axis along the growth direction and this results in a perpendicularly magnetized thin film. The Transmission Electron Microscopy study reveals the presence of twins and antiphase boundaries in the ordered film.

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Ota, Shinya, Ken-ichi Uchida, Ryo Iguchi, Pham Van Thach, Hiroyuki Awano, and Daichi Chiba. "Strain-induced switching of heat current direction generated by magneto-thermoelectric effects." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1 (September 13, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49567-2.

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Abstract Since the charge current plays a major role in information processing and Joule heating is inevitable in electronic devices, thermal management, i.e., designing heat flows, is required. Here, we report that strain application can change a direction of a heat current generated by magneto-thermoelectric effects. For demonstration, we used metallic magnets in a thin-film form, wherein the anomalous Ettingshausen effect mainly determines the direction of the heat flow. Strain application can alter the magnetization direction owing to the magnetoelastic effect. As a result, the heat current, which is in the direction of the cross product of the charge current and the magnetization vector, can be switched or rotated simply by applying a tensile strain to the metallic magnets. We demonstrate 180° switching and 90° rotation of the heat currents in an in-plane magnetized Ni sample on a rigid sapphire substrate and a perpendicularly magnetized TbFeCo film on a flexible substrate, respectively. An active thermography technique was used to capture the strain-induced change in the heat current direction. The method presented here provides a novel method for controlling thermal energy in electronic devices.

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Su, Yangtao, Yang Meng, Zhen Wang, Tiankuo Xu, Haibin Shi, Li Wang, Xinyu Cao, Ying Zhang, and Hongwu Zhao. "Correlation between antisymmetric magnetoresistance and anomalous Hall effect in Co1-xTbx films." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, May 4, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac6cb6.

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Abstract The antisymmetric magnetoresistance (MR) and anomalous Hall effect (AHE) of perpendicularly magnetized Co1-xTbx thin films with different Tb concentration have been investigated under gradient magnetic fields. Owing to presence of tilting domain walls, the Co1-xTbx films exhibit anomalous antisymmetric MR, whose polarity reversal is strongly dependent on the film composition and exactly consistent with the simultaneously measured AHE. Our results suggest that the effect of disorder scattering from impurities and dispersive domain wall boundaries is more pronounced in Co1-xTbx alloy films. Moreover, the modulation of AHE coefficient Rs directly leads to the remarkable variation of antisymmetric MR, providing a new insight into design of domain wall based electronic devices.

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Tobin, J. G., G. D. Waddill, T. H. Gouder, C. A. Colmenares, and D. P. Pappas. "Magnetic Circular Dichroism in X-Ray Absorption and Core-Level Photoemission." MRS Proceedings 313 (1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-313-619.

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ABSTRACTHere is reported observation of magnetic circular dichroism in both x-ray absorption and core-level photoemission of ultra thin magnetic films using circularly polarized x-rays. Iron films (1–4 ML) grown on a Cu (001) substrate at 150 K and magnetized perpendicular to the surface show dramatic changes in the L2,3 absorption branching ratio for different x-ray polarizations. For linearly-polarized x-rays perpendicular to the magnetic axis of the sample the branching ratio was 0.75. For films ≥ 2 ML, this ratio varied from 0.64 to 0.85 for photon spin parallel and anti-parallel, respectively, to the magnetic axis. This effect was observed either by changing the x-ray helicity for a fixed magnetic axis, or by reversing the magnetic axis for a fixed x-ray helicity. Our observation can be analyzed within a simple one-electron picture, if the raw branching ratios are normalized so that the linear value becomes statistical. Furthermore, warming the films to -300 K eliminated this effect, indicating a loss of magnetization in the film over a temperature range of -30 K. Finally, reversing the relative orientation of the photon spin and the magnetic axis from parallel to anti-parallel allowed measurement with photoemission of the exchange splitting of the Fe 2p and 3p core levels which were found to be 03 eV and 0.2 eV, respectively. These results are consistent with earlier studies, but the use of off-plane circularly-polarized x-rays from a bending magnet monochromator offers -2 orders of magnitude greater intensity than typical spin-polarization measurements. Finally, we have performed preliminary x-ray absorption studies of UFe2, demonstrating the feasibilty of MCD Measurements in 5f as well as 3d Materials.

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Cárdenas, E. A., and M. C. Depassier. "Domain-wall dynamics for an in-plane magnetized thin film with a large perpendicular hard-axis anisotropy including the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction." Physical Review B 98, no. 13 (October 17, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.98.134429.

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Karpenkov, Alexei, Konstantin P. Skokov, Galina Dunaeva, Elena Semenova, Marina Lyakhova, and Yury Pastushenkov. "Quantitative analyses of surface and bulk magnetization in Nd₂Fe₁₄B and SmCo₅ single crystals: towards understanding the large N_effin nucleation-type magnets." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, September 9, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac90d2.

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Abstract The performance of sintered permanent magnets with nucleation-type coercivity mechanism is largely governed by the magnetic state of thin surface layers of constituent grains, and a deeper insight into magnetization-demagnetization processes occurring in the shell part of the grains is very important for further improvement of hard magnetic materials. In this work, we used Nd2Fe14B and SmCo5 single crystals as a model objects. By applying magneto-optical Kerr microscopy and conventional magnetometry, we compare the magnetization-demagnetization processes occurring in thin the surface layer and in the volume of both single crystals. We show that upon magnetization along the c-axis, the volume of the single crystals saturates in the field, rigorously determined by demagnetization factor of the bulk sample, whereas in the surface layer a magnetic domain structure exists up to 1.88 T in Nd2Fe14B and 1.19 T in SmCo5 regardless of their bulk demagnetization factors. This means that the surface layer with orientation perpendicular to c-axis magnetizes as a thin magnetic film and has an effective demagnetization factor Neff~1. We also show that this effect can be reproduced in framework of conventional finite element method (FEM) modeling but the analytical solution of this problem still needs to be found. We believe that our findings can be useful for understanding the formation of a high coercive state in nucleation-type permanent magnets, where the phenomenological concept of the large effective demagnetization factor Neff plays an important role.

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