Дисертації з теми "Perovskites form"
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Lee, Heejae. "Analysis of Current-Voltage Hysteresis and Ageing Characteristics for CH3NH3PbI3-xClxBased Perovskite Thin Film Solar Cells." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX009/document.
Повний текст джерелаOrganic-inorganic lead halide perovskites are very promising materials for the next generation of solar cells with intrinsic advantages such as a low-cost material due to the availability of source materials and low-temperature solution processing as well as a high power conversion efficiency of the sunlight. However, perovskite solar cells are still unstable and show deleterious current-voltage hysteresis effects. Inthis thesis, analyses of CH3NH3PbI3-xClx based perovskite thin films and solar cells are presented. The electrical transport characteristics and the ageing processes are investigated using different approaches.The synthesis of the halide perovskite materials is optimized in a first step by controlling the deposition conditions such as annealing temperature (80°C) and spinning rate (6000 rpm) in the one step-spin-casted process. CH3NH3PbI3-xClx based perovskite solar cells are then fabricated in the inverted planar structure and characterized optically and electrically in a second step.Direct experimental evidence of the motion of the halide ions under an applied voltage has been observed using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES). Ionic diffusion length of 140 nm and ratio of mobile iodide ions of 65 % have been deduced. It is shown that the current-voltage hysteresis in the dark is strongly affected by the halide migration which causes a substantial screening of the applied electric field. Thus we have found a shift of voltage at zero current (< 0.25 V) and a leakage current (< 0.1 mA/cm2) in the dark versus measurement condition. Through the current-voltage curves as a function of temperature we have identified the freezing temperature of the mobile iodides at 260K. Using the Nernst-Einstein equation we have deduced a value of 0.253 eV for the activation energy of the mobile ions.Finally, the ageing process of the solar cell has been investigated with optical and electrical measurements. We deduced that the ageing process appear at first at the perovskite grain surface and boundaries. The electrical characteristics are degraded through a deterioration of the silver top-electrode due to the diffusion of iodides toward the silver as shown by GDOES analysis
Bouich, Amal. "Study and Characterization of Hybrid Perovskites and Copper-Indium-Gallium Selenide thin films for Tandem Solar Cells." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/160621.
Повний текст джерела[EN] The thesis work presented is part of the work in the Laboratory of New Materials for Photovoltaic Energy in the main target to use low cost techniques for elaboration of Perovskite and Copper, indium, gallium, and selenium CIGS materials for photovoltaic application. Organic-inorganic lead halides perovskites have currently and exceptionally appeared as new materials for low cost thin film solar cells specially that the efficiency of perovskite based solar cell have jumped from 3.8% to 22.7% in short time.in other hand, CIGS solar cells record 23.35% efficiency and still can be boosted. Here, we report the elaboration and characterization of CIGS as well as methylammonium lead iodide perovskites MAPbI3 and formamidinuim iodide lead iodide perovskites FAPbI3 absorbers for perovskite-based solar cells and Tandem Perovskites/ CIGS. The thin films prepared were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Photoluminescence analysis (PL) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The first stage was devoted for the effect of different parameters on the growth of CIGS by electrodeposition and we investigate the impact of different back contact in structural and optical proprieties. In a second stage, we report the growth of CIGS films by spray pyrolysis, we studied the effect of experimental parameter also the annealing process which is the key factor for improving the performance of solar cells,subsequently we elaborated different films constituted CdZnS/CdS/CIGS/Mo solar cells, the approach is to change the toxic ZnO by using a transparent, conductive CdZnS layer. In other hand, MAPbI3 film was investigated in order to optimize the chemical composition and to study the crystallization process also to get sight about the stability of perovskite materials to meet the requirement of their application as an active layer in perovskite solar cell. For this purpose. the MAPbI3 film surface was treated by adding diethyl ether antisolvent with different rates. during the treatment complex exchanges are appearing at the same time under the influence of quite a lot of physicochemical properties. A whole understanding of this topic is critically important for improving solar cell performance. MAPbI3 doped by the tetrabutylammonium TBA is boosting the formation of perovskite structure, leading to a higher orientation along the (110) and shows better crystallinity, large grain size, pinhole-free, which is suitable for the manufacturing of the optoelectronic devices with higher performance. Also, we have identified the impact of TBA in the photo-physical properties, we have noticed that the TBA improve the photoluminescence emission by reducing the density of trap states and the optical absorption indicates a significant shift to the lower wavelength and optical bandgap varied from 1.8 to 1.52 eV. Finally, the stability was explored for 5% TBA, it found that after 15 days the stability remained excellent in relative humidity of ~60%. These results would be helpful for realizing stable and high performance MAPbI3-based devices. Furthermore, we inspect the effect of monovalent cation substitution of Guanidinium (GA) on the structural and optical properties of FAPbI3 thin films perovskites. The ratio between the desirable a-phase and the undesirable y yellow phase is studied as a function of GA content. GA doping is shown to be efficient in the control of a/y phases ratio and then in the stabilization of the a-FaPbI3 phase. We qualitatively evaluate the impact of 10% of guanidinium on the phase composition and microstructure of films. The results show that an adequate amount of 10% GA:FaPbI3 leads to a homogeneous perovskite film with stable a phase, large grains, and free pinholes. 10% GA: FaPbI3 films demonstrate excellent stability after aging for 15 days in relative humidity of~60%.
[CA] L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi és contribuir a l'avanç de noves tècniques d'elaboració de baix cost, fent servir materials d'aliatges del tipus de coure, indi, gal·li i seleni (CIGS) i perovskites, per a aplicacions en energia solar fotovoltaica. El CIGS sembla ser adequat ja que són de baix cost de producció i s'han reportat eficiències de conversió del 23,35%. D'altra banda, les perovskites híbrides d'halurs de plom orgànics-inorgànics han aparegut com a nous materials excepcionals per cel·les solars, especialment perquè l'eficiència de les cel·les solars basades en perovskites ha augmentat del 3.8% al 22.7% en menys d'un lustre. En el present treball, reportem l'elaboració i caracterització de CIGS y de perovskitas de iodur de plom de metilamoni (MAPbI3) i de iodur de plom de formamidini (FaPbI3) per a les cèl·lules solars de CIGS i tàndem Perovskites/CIGS. En les capes de CIGS dipositades per electrodeposició es va investigar l'efecte dels diferents paràmetres sobre el procés d'electrodeposició, així com l'efecte del contacte posterior sobre les propietats estructurals i òptiques del CIGS. Ens trobem que el tipus de contacte posterior té un efecte significatiu en la posterior interpretació de pel·lícules primes CIGS. A més, vam estudiar la tècnica de polvorització de la piròlisi per produir pel·lícules de CIGS. Es va estudiar el procés de recuit, que és el factor clau per millorar el rendiment de les cèl·lules solars. Es van produir diferents pel·lícules fines formades pel nostre dispositiu CdZnS/CdS/CIGS/Mo que utilitzaven una capa conductiva CdZnS transparent per minimitzar l'alineació de la interfície. D'altra banda, es van investigar perovskites MAPbI3, amb la finalitat d'optimitzar la composició química i estudiar el procés de cristal·lització també per a conèixer l'estabilitat dels materials de perovskita. la cristal·lització s'aconsegueix alentint la solubilitat en una solució saturada mitjançant l'addició d'una quantitat diferent de l'antisolvent d'èter dietílic. Durant el tractament apareixen al mateix temps intercanvis complexos sota la influència de moltes propietats fisicoquímiques. Una comprensió completa d'aquest tema és de vital importància per a millorar el rendiment. Amb l'objectiu principal d'augmentar l'estabilitat de MAPbI3, el tetrabutilamoni (TBA) es pot incorporar a MAPbI3, impulsant la formació de l'estructura de perovskita, la qual cosa porta a una major orientació al llarg de (110). MAPbI3 dopades amb TBA presenten una millora de la cristalinitat, major grandària, la qual cosa és adequada per a la fabricació de dispositius optoelectròniques de major rendiment. A més, hem identificat l'impacte de TBA en les propietats foto físiques de MAPbI3. Hem notat que el dopatge amb TBA millora tant l'emissió de la fotoluminiscència en reduir la densitat dels estats de trampes com l'absorció òptica on apareix un canvi significatiu de la banda òptica prohibida cap a longituds d'ona més llargues que significa disminuir l'energia del gap, que va variar de 1.8 a 1.52 eV. Finalment, es va explorar l'estabilitat per les perovsquites dopades amb 5%TBA. Es va trobar que després de 15 dies l'estabilitat romania excel·lent en un humitat de 60%. A més, hem estudiat FAPbI3 com un dels materials de perovskita més atractius. Hem investigat l'efecte de la substitució de guanidini (GA) sobre les propietats estructurals i òptiques de FAPbI3. La relació entre la fase a de perovskita desitjable i la fase indesitjable y es va estudiar en funció del contingut de GA. Es mostra que el dopatge amb GA és eficaç en el control de la relació de fases a /y i després en l'estabilització de la fase a-FaPbI3. Els resultats mostren que una quantitat adequada de 10% GA condueix a una pel·lícula homogènia amb fase a estable, grans grans lliures de porus i forats. Les pel·lícules de 10% GA:FaPbI3 demostraren una excel·lent estabilitat després de l'envelliment durant 15 dies en un ambient humit (humitat relativa de 60%).
Bouich, A. (2020). Study and Characterization of Hybrid Perovskites and Copper-Indium-Gallium Selenide thin films for Tandem Solar Cells [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/160621
TESIS
Ljungström, Elin, Ellen Hådén, Lukas Lekberg, and Nima Taherpour. "Design, synthesis and characterization of Dimethylammonium / Ethylammonium / Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites for optoelectronic applications." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277109.
Повний текст джерелаMcDonald, Calum James. "Alternative perovskites for photovoltaics." Thesis, Ulster University, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.722581.
Повний текст джерелаYao, Disheng. "Interfacial and compositional engineering of perovskite solar cells for enhanced device performance and stability." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/202693/1/Disheng_Yao_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOvalle, Alejandro. "Manganese titanium perovskites as anodes for solid oxide fuel cells." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/567.
Повний текст джерелаPapargyriou, Despoina. "Materials and catalysts incorporation for the fuel oxidation layer of oxygen transport membranes." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12113.
Повний текст джерелаKang, Sung Gu. "Dense metal and perovskite membranes for hydrogen and proton conduction." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/48944.
Повний текст джерелаRoknuzzaman, Md. "Ab initio atomistic insights into lead-free perovskites for photovoltaics and optoelectronics." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/198196/1/Md_Roknuzzaman_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPeng, Yong. "Hybrid Lead Perovskites as Photocatalysts and Materials for Photo- and Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/171731.
Повний текст джерела[ES] La conversión de energía solar a productos químicos se considera una de las estrategias más viables para abordar los problemas derivados del uso masivo de combustibles fósiles y la excesiva emisión antropogénica de CO2. En catálisis asistida con luz, incluida la fotocatálisis y la catálisis fototérmica, el punto clave es el desarrollo de fotocatalizadores eficientes y robustos que puedan utilizar al máximo la energía solar y que sean lo suficientemente estables como para su comercialización. Los materiales basados en perovskitas híbridas orgánicas-inorgánicas han revolucionado el campo de la fotovoltaica en la última década, alcanzando una eficiencia de conversión de luz solar del 23%. Dado que los campos de la fotocatálisis y la fotovoltaica comparten procesos comunes, se abre la posibilidad de aplicación de estos materiales en fotocatálisis. Con el objetivo de confirmar esta posible aplicación de las perovskitas híbridas en fotocatálisis, en esta Tesis Doctoral, se han sintetizado nuevos materiales híbridos de perovskita con el objetivo de mejorar su estabilidad frente a la humedad aprovechando la gran variedad de ligandos orgánicos disponibles, que además pueden ser usados para promover modificaciones superficiales capaces de ajustar las propiedades hidrofílicas / hidrofóbicas. La actividad fotocatalítica de estos nuevos materiales de perovskita se ha estudiado en reacciones modelo para confirmar su estabilidad en las condiciones de reacción. Por otro lado, la reacción de fijación de nitrógeno fotoasistida también ha sido estudiada en detalle en esta Tesis Doctoral. Por un lado, se han sintetizado, caracterizado y testado nuevos complejos organometálicos como foto- y electrocatalizadores homogéneos para esta reacción. Estos han demostrado ser capaces de activar la molécula de dinitrógeno bajo un potencial electroquímico de reducción para formar amoníaco. Por otro lado, se han preparado nanopartículas de rutenio depositadas sobre un material de perovskita a base de titanato como fotocatalizador heterogéneo para la producción de amoniaco en flujo continuo. Además, se ha demostrado que la incorporación de metales alcalinos a este fotocatalizador puede potenciar su actividad fotocatalítica en esta reacción. Así, este material compuesto ha demostrado estar entre los fotocatalizadores más eficientes del estado del arte en la actualidad para esta reacción demostrando además una su elevada estabilidad en las condiciones de reacción.
[CA] La conversió d'energia solar en productes químics es considera una de les estratègies més viables per abordar els problemes derivats de l'ús massiu de combustibles fòssils i l'excessiva emissió antropogènica de CO2. En catàlisi assistida amb llum, inclosa la fotocatàlisi i la catàlisi fototèrmica, el punt clau és el desenvolupament de fotocatalitzadors eficients i robustos que puguen utilitzar al màxim l'energia solar i que siguen prou estables com per a la seva comercialització. Els materials basats en perovskites híbrides orgàniques-inorgàniques han revolucionat el camp de la fotovoltaica en l'última dècada, aconseguint una eficiència de conversió de llum solar del 23%. Atès que els camps de la fotocatàlisi i la fotovoltaica comparteixen processos comuns, s'obre la possibilitat d'aplicació d'aquests materials en fotocatàlisi. Amb l'objectiu de confirmar aquesta possible aplicació de les perovskites híbrides en fotocatàlisi, en aquesta tesi doctoral, s'han sintetitzat nous materials híbrids de perovskita amb l'objectiu de millorar la seva estabilitat enfront de la humitat aprofitant la gran varietat de lligands orgànics disponibles, que amés poden ser usats per a promoure modificacions superficials capaços d'ajustar les propietats hidrofíliques / hidrofòbiques. L'activitat fotocatalítica d'aquests nous materials de perovskita s'ha estudiat en reaccions model per confirmar la seva estabilitat en les condicions de reacció. D'altra banda, la reacció de fixació de nitrogen fotoassistida també ha sigut estudiada en detall en aquesta tesi doctoral. D'una banda, s'han sintetitzat, caracteritzat i testat nous complexos organometàl·lics com foto- i electrocatalitzadors homogenis per a aquesta reacció. Aquests han demostrat ser capaços d'activar la molècula de dinitrogen sota un potencial electroquímic de reducció per formar amoníac. D'altra banda, s'han preparat nanopartícules de ruteni depositades sobre un material de perovskita a força de titanat com fotocatalitzador heterogeni per a la producció d'amoníac en flux continu. A més, s'ha demostrat que la incorporació de metalls alcalins a aquest fotocatalitzador pot potenciar la seva activitat fotocatalítica en aquesta reacció. Així, aquest material compost ha demostrat estar entre els fotocatalitzadors més eficients de l'estat de l'art actualment per a aquesta reacció seva demostrant amés una elevada estabilitat en les condicions de reacció.
[EN] Solar energy to chemicals conversion is regarded to be one of the most plausible strategies addressing the issues of fossil fuel crisis and excessive anthropogenic CO2 emission. For photo-assisted catalysis, including photocatalysis and photothermal catalysis, the key point is the development of efficient and robust photocatalysts that can efficiently utilize the solar energy as well as they are stable enough that meets the requirements for commercialization. Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites have revolutionized the photovoltaic field in the last decade, reaching a certified sunlight conversion efficiency of 20 %. Since photocatalysis and photovoltaics share common processes, the application of these materials in photocatalysis would be possible. In this Doctoral Thesis, novel hybrid perovskite materials have been synthesized with the aim to improve their stability against moisture by taking advantage large variety of the available organic ligand, which can promote surface modifications capable to adjust the hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties. Additionally, the photocatalytic activity of these novel perovskite materials has been studied in model reactions in order to confirm their stability under reaction conditions. On the other hand, the photo-assisted nitrogen fixation reaction has been also studied in detail in this Doctoral Thesis. on one hand, new organometallic complexes have been synthetized, characterized and tested as homogeneous photo and electrocatalysts for this reaction. They have been demonstrated to be able to activate dinitrogen molecule under electrochemical cathodic potentials to form ammonia. On the other hand, ruthenium nanoparticles deposited on a titanate-based perovskite material have been prepared and tested as heterogeneous photocatalyst for ammonia production in continuous flow. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the addition of alkali metals to this photocatalyst can boost the photocatalytic activity of this reaction. Thus, this composite material has demonstrated to be among the most efficient photocatalysts in the current state-of-the art for this reaction, as well as very stable under reaction conditions. Considering the large industrial importance of N2 fixation and the mild conditions of pressure and temperature used in the present study, the results of the photo-assisted N2 hydrogenation to ammonia can have a large impact in the area.
Peng, Y. (2021). Hybrid Lead Perovskites as Photocatalysts and Materials for Photo- and Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/171731
TESIS
Compendio
Howell, Thomas G. "Perovskites for use as sulfur tolerant anodes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1397467868.
Повний текст джерелаGreul, Enrico [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Bein. "On the way to non-toxic and highly stable perovskite-based optoelectronics : synthesis and investigations of lead-free perovskites for photovoltaic applications / Enrico Greul ; Betreuer: Thomas Bein." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/119109815X/34.
Повний текст джерелаAktaş, Ece. "Low-Molecular Weight Molecules as Selective Contacts for Perovskite Solar Cells." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672777.
Повний текст джерелаLa tecnología fotovoltaica es una de las fuentes de energía limpia y renovable más prometedoras para reducir el impacto ambiental de los combustibles fósiles en las últimas décadas. en este contexto, las *perovskites son un material que ha atraído recientemente una atención importante a causa de su capacidad para conseguir eficiencias de conversión muy elevadas. Las capas de carga selectiva juegan un papel crucial en el rápido aumento del rendimiento del dispositivo y en la estabilidad de las celdas solares de *perovskita. Recientemente, la aplicación de *mono-capes auto-asemejadas formadas por moléculas orgánicas que funcionan como capas selectivas de carga en celdas solares de *perovskita ha atraído una gran atención a causa de ventajas como la rentabilidad, la estabilidad y la ausencia de aditivos. El objetivo de esta tesis es el diseño y la síntesis de nuevas moléculas que forman *mono-capes auto-asemejadas que funcionen como capas selectivas de agujeros en celdas solares de *perovskita para conseguir una eficiencia de conversión de alta de energía y una vida de envejecimiento de alto rendimiento hecha a medida.
Photovoltaic technology is one of the most promising clean and renewable energy sources to reduce the environmental impact of fossil fuels in recent decades. In this context, perovskites are a material that has recently attracted significant attention due to their ability to achieve very high conversion efficiencys. Selective charge layers play a crucial role in rapidly increasing device performance and in the stability of perovskite solar cells. Recently, the application of self-assembly mono-caps made up of organic molecules that function as selective layers of charge in solar perovskite cells has attracted great attention due to advantages such as profitability, stability and the absence of additives. The goal of this thesis is the design and synthesis of new molecules that form self-assembly mono-layers that function as selective layers of holes in solar perovskite cells to achieve high-energy conversion efficiency and a high-performance aging life tailored to size.
Eperon, Giles E. "Active layer control for high efficiency perovskite solar cells." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1fa78aab-7479-4fe2-8192-e1be1d12c171.
Повний текст джерелаSatapathy, Akshaya Kumar. "Layered perovskites as cathode materials for IT-SOFC." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11962.
Повний текст джерелаMuraleedharan, Nair Mahesh. "High surface area mesoporous perovskites for catalytic applications." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30509/30509.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPerovskites are mixed metal oxides that can be represented by the general formula ABO3. Since the initial report regarding their catalytic activity, these materials have received immense research attention worldwide. Perovskites are proven to be cost effective and efficient alternatives to noble metals for various total/partial oxidation as well as synthetic chemical reactions. Additionally these mixed metal oxides are well known for their high temperature stability, high mobility of oxygen and the stabilization of unusual cation oxidation states. For these reasons various strategies were developed for the synthesis of these materials. However perovskites synthesized using conventional methods generally result in low specific surface area materials, which is a major drawback as far as catalytic applications are concerned. This pertinent lower value of surface area is resulting from the high temperature treatment involved in the synthesis of these materials. This issue was taken up and in the present project the first goal was to obtain perovskite structured mixed metal oxides with high specific surface area. Nanocasting is a recently developed solid templating method that is proven to be efficient for the synthesis of various chemical compositions with extremely high values of specific surface area. By applying this method a series of LaBO3 (B = Mn, Ni, Co, Fe) perovskites were synthesized and these materials were found to posses extremely high values of specific surface areas (up to 150 m2g-1). Initial tests for the total oxidation of methanol as a probe molecule confirmed that these novel materials are highly active catalysts, especially LaMnO3. Further studies confirmed that the enhanced activity was obviously related to the higher specific surface areas and higher amount of adsorbed oxygen species obtained for the nanocast perovskites in comparison with the bulk. Our results demonstrated the proportionality of reaction rates to the specific surface area of the catalyst. In a following study, we chose dry reforming of methane, since this reaction involves the conversion of two green house gases (CH4 and CO2) into syngas (CO + H2), which is more industrially relevant. Promising results were obtained in this case also using nanocast LaNiO3 as a pre-catalyst. Enhanced efficiency and stability were observed for Ni/La2O3 catalysts derived from nanocast LaNiO3 in comparison to its bulk counterpart. In particular, these materials were found to be coke resistant for 48 hours under the conditions of dry reforming.
Sterianou, Iasmi. "Bismuth-based perovskites for high temperature piezoelectric applications." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444880.
Повний текст джерелаMarshall, Kenneth P. "Inorganic tin halide perovskites for planar photovoltaic devices." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/99468/.
Повний текст джерелаZhao, Baodan. "Halide perovskites for photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/289450.
Повний текст джерелаSangar, Neeraj 1974. "Nanocrystalline perovskites for catalytic combustion and oxygen separation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17562.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references.
Nanocrystalline perovskites (Lal-xAMnl-yByO3) were successfully synthesized with higher surface area and smaller grain size by chemical co-precipitation compared to solid-state and complexation/combustion synthesis routes. The choice of solvent, base and suspension pH in co-precipitation was found to strongly affect the chemical stoichiometry of the resulting material. Stoichiometric La0.5Sr0.sMnO3 was successfully obtained at a high pH using isopropanol as the solvent and tetraethylammonium hydroxide as the base. La0.sSr0.sMnO3 was derived with a ultrafine grain size of 13 nm and a high surface area of 43 m2/g at 650⁰C, and maintained its nanocrystalline microstructure on heating to 1000⁰C, with a grain size of 25 nm and a surface area of 19 m2/g. The catalytic activity of these perovskites was investigated for different A- and B-site substitutions. Among LaBO3 perovskites, the catalytic activity was found to decrease in the order: Mn > Fe [approx.] Ni > Co, with LaMnO3 showing the lowest light-off temperature of 420⁰C. The intrinsic catalytic activity at 650C decreased in the order: Ni > Co > Fe > Mn. Substitution of Group IIA metals for La3+ was found to increase the reaction rate of LalxAxMnO3, while higher valency dopants did not change or decreased catalyst activity. In the case of Ca2+ and Sr +dopants, intrinsic activity of Lal-xAxMnO3 was found to increase with doping level until x = 0.4 and 0.6, respectively. La0.4Sr0.6MnO3 exhibited the lowest light-off temperature of 3800C, with a reaction rate that was 2.5 times higher than LaMnO3. Methane TPR experiments showed that methane oxidation over the perovskites occurred by methane adsorption on the catalyst surface via hydrogen abstraction.
(cont.) Substitution of Group IIA metals for La3+ enhanced catalytic activity by increasing the rate of methane activation, but lowered activity at high doping levels due to slow carbonate decomposition. Mixed conducting BalxSrCol-yMyO3- perovskite membranes were developed for oxygen separation applications. Ba0.75Sr0.25Coo.8Feo.203- showed a very high oxygen flux of [approx.] 3.8 cm3[STP]/min/cm2 at 900⁰C. Bao.25ro.75Co0sTio.2036 exhibited an oxygen flux of [approx.] 1.4 cm3[STP]/min/cm2 at 750⁰C with excellent stability over time. These oxygen fluxes were [approx.] 2 times higher than those reported for the best existing membrane materials. High oxygen fluxes were obtained by creating a high oxygen vacancy concentration ([approx.] 15% of oxygen lattice sites) via extrinsic doping, and by increasing the unit cell free volume to allow facile oxide ion hopping. The challenge in developing these membranes was to prevent the phase transformation of the vacancy-disordered perovskite to a poorly conductive vacancy-ordered structure in the desired temperature range of 750-900⁰C. This was accomplished by doping various cations in place of cobalt at the B site. Iron was found to be the most effective dopant for stabilizing the perovskite phase, followed by titanium and tin. A novel approach was developed to stabilize the vacancy-disordered perovskite phase of BaCoo.8M0.203 on cooling to room temperature, so that significantly higher oxygen fluxes could be achieved at low temperatures with excellent stability. When a single type of dopant cation was introduced at the B site, the vacancy-disordered phase could not be ...
by Neeraj Sangar.
Ph.D.
Almohareb, Muneerah. "Novel Lithium Ionic Conducting Perovskite Materials for Lithium-Air Batteries." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36515.
Повний текст джерелаSchulze, Patricia S. C. [Verfasser], Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Hillebrecht, and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Glunz. "High band gap perovskite absorbers for application in monolithic perovskite silicon tandem solar cells." Freiburg : Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/122336612X/34.
Повний текст джерелаSyed, Ali Asgher. "Hole extraction layer/perovskite interfacial modification for high performing inverted planar perovskite solar cells." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2018. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/553.
Повний текст джерелаSutton, Rebecca J. "Towards stable perovskite materials for photovoltaics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4cc567a2-9c2f-44c8-9fdf-b2d0493683d3.
Повний текст джерелаMoghadamzadeh, Somayeh [Verfasser], and U. [Akademischer Betreuer] Lemmer. "Multi-Cation Perovskite Semiconductors for All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells / Somayeh Moghadamzadeh ; Betreuer: U. Lemmer." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230475737/34.
Повний текст джерелаHassler, Julia. "Mesoporous metal oxides for perovskite solar cells." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekyl- och kondenserade materiens fysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-263064.
Повний текст джерелаHoerantner, Maximilian. "Novel device architectures for perovskite solar cells." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bb0ebbb0-5743-45fa-a69a-3848dc2018bb.
Повний текст джерелаHossain, Ihteaz Muhaimeen [Verfasser], and U. W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Paetzold. "Semitransparent perovskite solar cells for perovskite-based tandem photovoltaics / Ihteaz Muhaimeen Hossain ; Betreuer: U. W. Paetzold." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230475745/34.
Повний текст джерелаElm, Svensson Erik. "Nanomaterials for high-temperature catalytic combustion." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : School of Chemical Science, KTH, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4360.
Повний текст джерелаRoberts, Alexa A. "Implementation of Microfluidic Mixers for the Optimization of Polymeric, Gold, and Perovskite Nanomaterials Synthesis." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1624663333598068.
Повний текст джерелаFU, QIANG FU. "POLYMER-TEMPLATED NUCLEATION AND CRYSTAL GROWTH OF PEROVSKITE FILM AND CONDUCTIVE IONOMER DOPED PEROVSKITE FILLM FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE OF ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRID PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1495207539153854.
Повний текст джерелаMcQueen, Andrew J. "Structure-property relationships in hexagonal perovskites for microwave dielectric applications." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574559.
Повний текст джерелаWeber, Oliver. "Structural chemistry of hybrid halide perovskites for thin film photovoltaics." Thesis, University of Bath, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.761012.
Повний текст джерелаPrice, Michael Beswick. "Transient photophysics of hybrid lead halide perovskites for optoelectronic applications." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709302.
Повний текст джерелаNeagu, Dragos. "Materials and microstructures for high temperature electrochemical devices through control of perovskite defect chemistry." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3606.
Повний текст джерелаJanczak, Julia. "Theory of Spectral Function and Optical Conductivity for Half-Metallic Double Perovskites." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354713689.
Повний текст джерелаYang, Fengjiu. "Architecture design for highly efficient perovskite solar cells." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/244572.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Junyue. "Perovskite thermoelectric materials for high-temperature energy conversion." Thesis, Boston University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21206.
Повний текст джерелаDespite of recent success in achieving the figure of merit ZT > 1 based on the nanoscale patterned thermoelectric structures, there have been few stable n-type materials with attractive thermoelectric responses for high temperature applications at T > 800K. In this thesis, we applied the first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations to probe the structure and thermoelectric properties relationship of a comprehensive series of perovskite materials. The density of states (DOS), Seebeck coefficient S, electric conductivity σ, and electronic contribution of the thermal conductivity Ke were obtained directly from the first-principles DFT calculations. In particular, Lanthanum (La), Gadolinium (Gd), Samarium (Sm), Yttrium (Y) doped MU+2093SrU+2081U+208BU+2093TiOU+2083 and Niobium (Nb) doped SrNbyTi1-yOU+2083 and doubly doped LaU+2093SrU+2081U+208BU+2093NbyTi1-yOU+2083 systems were studied. The change of the power factor S^2σ corresponding to the different dopant concentration had a good agreement with the experimental data. Our computed power factors S^2σ as a function of the dopant con- centration agree well with the available experimental data, and at the same time provide new insights for the optimal compositions. In the low doping region (x U+003E 12:5%), gadolinium and niobium are the best candidates of perovskite thermoelectric materials while at high doping level (x U+003E 25%), lanthanum and yttrium are the best options. In the case of doubly doped perovskites LaU+2093SrU+2081U+208BU+2093NbyTi1-yOU+2083, our calculations predict that the x= 12.5% and y= 12.5% is the best choice.
Xu, Xiaomin. "Engineering of Perovskite Oxides for Electrochemical Water Splitting." Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/82587.
Повний текст джерелаLavinscky, Anderson Borges da Silva. "Síntese e caracterização do sistema SrTi1-xSnxO3 na forma de pó e na forma de filmes finos para aplicação como sensores de gases tóxicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18158/tde-15022019-085246/.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work was to study the influence of the addition of tin ion (Sn4+) into the SrTiO3 compound lattice, to replace the titanium ion (Ti4+). The aim was to optimize the electrical properties of SrTiO3 compound and, as a consequence, to obtain an improvement of its performance as a gas sensor in the thin films samples. To perform the deposition of these thin films through Electron Beam Deposition (EBD), ceramic targets of composition SrTi1-xSnxO3 (STSO) with x = 0; 0.20; 0.40; 0.60; 0.80; 0.85; 0.90; 0.95; and 1 were obtained by the modified polymer precursor method. The solid solution formation sequence was determined by the Rietveld refinement of the STSO sintered powdered samples, obtained by both polymeric precursor and solid-state reaction methods, showing that the transition from the cubic Pm3̄m phase of the SrTiO3 compound to the orthorhombic Pnma phase of the SrSnO3 compound does not depend on the synthesis method. The measurements of Raman spectroscopy and absorption of X-rays (XANES, at Ti K-edge), of the powdered samples obtained by both synthesis methods and of the thin films obtained by EBD, revealed the existence of a local disorder in the SrTiO3 compound lattice which decreases with increasing of temperature and with decreasing of Sn concentration. The STSO thin films were evaluated as sensors using the O3 and NH3 gases. In measurements accomplished with the ozone gas (O3), the results showed that thin films of 100 nm thickness had a higher sensitivity. The sample having 60% of tin showed the best performance at 350°C for 0.15 ppm of ozone gas. The performance analysis related to the selectivity of the STSO films indicated they were not selective and that presented a higher response to the ozone gas when compared to the NH3 gas.
Smith, Debbie A. "Analytical Methods for Toxic Metals and Proteins and Synthesis of Perovskites." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1289923061.
Повний текст джерелаGheno, Alexandre. "Printable and printed perovskites photovoltaic solar cells for autonomous sensors network." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0108/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is about the design of photovoltaic solar cells based on hybrid perovskite using inkjet printing technology. The first two chapters present the context of the thesis, namely the powering of an autonomous sensor network, and review the scientific aspects of inkjet and photovoltaic technologies. The third chapter presents the development of a state-of-the-art photovoltaic cell and its evolution towards a printable architecture at low annealing temperatures. The problem of the stability of photovoltaic cells with perovskite is also discussed. The last part presents the different aspects and problems of the inkjet printing of the three inner layers of a perovskite solar cell. At the end of this work the possibility of printing perovskite solar cells with efficiencies higher than 10% has been demonstrated, all in ambient conditions and at low temperature
Marronnier, Arthur. "Anharmonicity and Instabilities in Halide Perovskites for Last Generation Solar Cells." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX031/document.
Повний текст джерелаHybrid halide perovskites (ABX3) have emerged over the past five years as absorber layers for novel high-efficiency low-cost solar cells combining the advantages of organic (molecule A) and inorganic (metal B, halogen X) materials. Very recently, fully inorganic perovskite quantum dots also shown promising efficiencies, making them a potentially stable and efficient alternative to their hybrid cousins.The aim of this PhD thesis is to study and better understand both the structural and thermodynamic instabilities of these halide perovskites, with a specific focus on purely inorganic CsPbI3 structures.We first use various ab-initio techniques, the majority of which are based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) and its linear-response approach (DFPT), to investigate the vibrational and electronic properties of the different phases of CsPbI3. While the black γ-phase, crucial for photovoltaic applications, is shown to behave harmonically around equilibrium, for the other three phases frozen phonon calculations reveal a Brillouin zone center double-well instability. We also show that avoiding the order-disorder entropy term arising from these double-well instabilities is key in order to prevent the formation of the yellow perovskitoid phase, and evidence a Rashba effect when using the symmetry breaking structures obtained through frozen phonon calculations. We then analyze the structural changes and the dynamical Rashba splitting along molecular dynamics trajectories in the light of our findings.In a second phase, we investigate the thermodynamical stability of hybrid perovskite MAPbI3. Our experimental ellipsometry-based study brings better understanding of the chemical decomposition of MAPbI3 into its two precursors, methylammonium and lead iodides, which we predicted using DFT stability diagram calculations and which we confirm by X-Ray diffraction. Last, we prove that hybrid perovskite structure MAPbI3 behaves more like inorganic compounds (high dielectric constant, low exciton binding energy) than like organic materials (low dielectric constant, high exciton binding energy)
Rodríguez, Seco Cristina. "Low-Molecular Weight Semiconductors for Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667660.
Повний текст джерелаActualmente, las fuentes de energía renovables están atrayendo mucha atención debido al impacto negativo que los combustibles fósiles están causando al planeta. Las tecnologías basadas en las celdas fotovoltaicas son una alternativa sostenible para cubrir la demanda energética mundial. El principal objetivo de este trabajo fue el diseño y la síntesis de nuevas moléculas que reemplacen los polímeros comúnmente utilizados como moléculas captadoras de luz en celdas solares orgánicas y el spiro-OMeTAD usado como transportador de huecos (HTM por sus siglas en inglés “hole transporting material”) en dispositivos solares de perovskita. Por una parte, los polímeros son conocidos por ser buenos transportadores de huecos, su alta solubilidad y su favorable habilidad en la formación de capas, pero tienen muy poca reproducibilidad entre distintos lotes. Por otra parte, el spiro-OMeTAD es la molécula que mejor reproducibilidad y eficiencia presenta en celdas solares de perovskita. Sin embargo, su síntesis compleja y de alto coste impide la posibilidad de escalado a nivel industrial. Con el fin de solucionar estos problemas, esta tesis se ha enfocado en el diseño, síntesis y caracterización de un conjunto de moléculas pequeñas de bajo peso molecular para su aplicación en dichos dispositivos
Nowadays, renewable energy sources are attracting a lot of attention due to the undesired environmental impact the fossil fuels are causing to the Earth. Solar cells technologies are a sustainable alternative to the increasing world energy demand. The main aim of this work was to design and synthetize novel molecules that could replace the polymers widely used as absorbers in organic solar cells and spiro-OMeTAD used as a hole transporting material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells. On the one hand, polymers are known for their good hole transporting properties, high solubility and good film forming abilities but they have a poor batch-to-batch reproducibility. Furthermore, spiro-OMeTAD is the best molecule to achieve reproducible and highly efficient perovskite solar cells. However, its complex and expensive synthesis and purification hinder its usage in industrial scale photovoltaics. In order to overcome these problems, the rational design, synthesis and characterization of a variety of small molecules for both applications have been on a focus of this thesis.
Sun, Shijing. "Synthesis, characterization and properties of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites for photovaltaic applications." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267739.
Повний текст джерелаFuentes, Pineda Rosinda. "Triphenylamine-based hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31410.
Повний текст джерелаSahner, Kathy [Verfasser]. "Modeling of p-type semiconducting perovskites for gas sensor applications / Kathy Sahner." Aachen : Shaker, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1166513262/34.
Повний текст джерелаVega, Fleitas Erica. "Study and Characterization of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites for Solar Cells Applications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/113402.
Повний текст джерела[FR] Les perovskites orgàniques-inorgàniques de halurs de metilamoni i plom i les seues mescles han mostrat propietats optoelectròniques òptimes com a absorbent ideal per a aplicacions fotovoltaiques. Els dispositius solars basats en perovskita han evolucionat ràpidament, passant d'una eficiència del 3.9% en 2009, fins al 22.7% en 2017, i amb un cost de fabricació més baix que les cèl·lules solars de silici. No obstant això, un dels desavantatges de l'ús de absorbents de perovskita és la baixa estabilitat. En general, les cèl·lules que mostren un alt rendiment, perden la seua eficiència i es degraden ràpidament. Per a que aquestos materials puguen ser produits industrialment a gran escala és necessari estudiar-los en profunditat per millorar la eficiència i estabilitat. Una de les vies de millora és l'enginyeria composicional, estratègia que hem emprat en l'elaboració d'aquesta tesi i que consisteix en la investigació i la millora de les propietats optoelectròniques i morfològiques, derivades de la substitució i/o combinació de cations i anions, que constitueixen el material de perovskita. S'han sintetitzat pols purs de perovskita per a I, Br, Cl, a partir d'els quals es van preparar capes pures i mixtes MAPbX3-xYx per a millorar les propietats optoelectròniques i estructurals. Mitjançant anàlisi de difracció de raigs X, s'estudiaren les propietats estructurals del pols cristalins i capes pures i mixtes. Els anàlisis d'UV-vis i fotoluminiscència, mostren que el rang d'absorció varia al llarg de l'espectre visible en funció del contingut de l'halur. Les anàlisis de fotoluminiscència i calorimetria diferencial mostren els canvis de fase de les perovskites pures a diferents temperatures, coincidint aquestos canvis en totes dues anàlisis. L'anàlisi FESEM de les perovskites pures, mostra les diferències morfològiques entre els pols i capes. Seguint aquesta línia d'investigació, s'estudiaren les perovskites mixtes de iode-brom, amb un contingut de brom de fins el 33%, ajustant el bandgap per a evitar pèrdues en l'absorció i millorar les propietats optoelectròniques, estructurals i morfològiques. Malgrat les bones propietats optoelectròniques de les perovskites de metilamoni, el catió orgànic disminueix la estabilitat, la qual cosa ha portat a investigar l'ús d'altres cations inorgànics. Les perovskites de cesi són una alternativa prometedora, i per aquesta raó hem sintetitzat capes fines de perovskites de cesi mixtes, CsPbBr3-xIx, per tal de determinar els efectes de la substitució parcial del iode en les propietats físiques i l'estabilitat. Es van obtenir capes amb una bona resistència a la humitat i a la temperatura, afavorint la seua aplicació en el camp fotovoltaic. S'ha estudiat també la substitució parcial del catió de metilamoni amb altres cations orgànics, com el guanidini i imidiazoli. S'ha demostrat que petites quantitats de guanidini milloren l'estabilitat i la morfologia de les capes. S'ha establert que el límit de solubilitat del guanidini es del 20%, aproximadament, i s'ha determinat l'estructura cristal·lina de les mescles. S'ha observat un augment en la intensitat del pic de fotoluminiscència per a mescles per sota del límit de solubilitat. Es van obtenir resultats similars per a la substitució del metilamoni amb petites quantitats de imidazoli. Les anàlisis de difracció de raigs X van establir el límit de solubilitat en aproximadament el 10% i una millora en la cristalinitat. Els resultats de fotoluminiscència suggereixen que petites quantitats de imidazoli redueixen les recombinacions no radiatives, actuant com un pasivador efectiu. Finalment, es mostra el procés de fabricació de dispositius basats en MAPbI3 i sintetitzats en funció de les condicions ambientals, especialment la humitat relativa i utilitzant el dietil èter com anti-solvent. Els dispositius van mostrar una eficiència màx
[EN] Organic-inorganic methylammonium lead halides perovskites and their mixtures have shown optimal optoelectronic properties as an ideal absorber for photovoltaic applications. In the last decade, solar devices based on perovskite have evolved rapidly, going from an initial efficiency of only 3.9% in 2009, to an efficiency of 22.7% in 2017 and being, at the same time, more cost-effective than silicon solar cells. However, one of the main disadvantages when using perovskite absorbents in photovoltaic devices is their low stability. In general, cells that show high performance lose their efficiency and degrade rapidly. For these materials to be scalable it is necessary to carry out in-depth studies aiming at improved efficiency and stability. One of the main sources to improve stability and efficiency is compositional engineering, a strategy employed in the elaboration of this thesis, consisting of the investigation and improvement of the optoelectronic and morphological properties, derived from the substitution and / or combination of cations and anions, which constitute the perovskite material. Pure powders of perovskite were synthesized, for I, Br, Cl, from which pure and mixed MAPbX3-xYx films were prepared in order to improve their optoelectronic and structural properties. By means of X-ray diffraction analysis, the structural properties of crystalline powders and pure and mixed films were studied. Employing UV-vis and photoluminescence analysis, it was observed that the absorption range varied along the visible spectrum as a function of the halide content in the thin films. Both, photoluminescence and differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed the changes of phase of the pure perovskites at different temperatures. FESEM characterization of the pure perovskites showed the morphological differences between the powders and the films. Following this line of research, mixed perovskites of iodine-bromine with a bromine content of up to 33% were studied in more detail. The bandgap was tuned to avoid significant losses in absorption and improve the optoelectronic, structural and morphological properties. Despite the excellent optoelectronic properties of the methylammonium perovskite, the presence of the organic cation decreases its stability, which prompted research into the use of other inorganic cations. Cesium perovskites, are a very promising alternative, and for this reason we synthesized thin films of mixed cesium perovskites, CsPbBr3-xIx, to determine the effects of the partial substitution of iodine on physical properties and stability. Films with a very good resistance to moisture and temperature were obtained, which will favor the application of this type of perovskites in the photovoltaic field. The partial replacement of the methylammonium cation with other organic cations, such as guanidinium and imidiazolium, was also studied, showing that small amounts of guanidinium significantly improve the stability of the films and their morphology. It was established that the solubility limit of guanidinium is approximately 20%, and the crystalline structure of the mixtures was determined. An increase in the intensity of the photoluminescence peak for mixtures below the solubility limit was observed. Similar results were obtained for the substitution of methylammonium with small amounts of imidazolium. X-ray diffraction analyzes established the solubility limit at approximately 10% and an improvement in crystallinity. Photoluminescence results suggest that small amounts of imidazolium significantly reduce nonradiative recombinations, acting as an effective passivator. Finally, the manufacturing process of devices based on MAPbI3 and synthesized according to environmental conditions, especially relative humidity and using diethyl ether as anti-solvent is shown. The devices presented a maximum efficiency of 14.73%, proving that the oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD, under controlled humidity conditions, can improve efficiency.
Vega Fleitas, E. (2018). Study and Characterization of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites for Solar Cells Applications [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/113402
TESIS
Wood, Simon. "Liquid crystals and novel gain materials for thin-film photonic devices." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:934d6116-6f22-4274-b718-a83e647a738c.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Jiewei. "Investigating low cost hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:51073048-faed-439d-9ce5-cbe4c55fe4b2.
Повний текст джерела